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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of radiomics signatures on pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) images of lungs to predict the tumor responses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of both. This retrospective study included 322 NSCLC patients who were treated with first-line chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of both. Of these patients, 224 were randomly assigned to a cohort to help develop the radiomics signature. A total of 1946 radiomics features were obtained from each patient’s CT scan. The top-ranked features were selected by the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) feature-ranking method and used to build a lightweight radiomics signature with the Random Forest (RF) classifier. The independent predictive (IP) features (AUC > 0.6, p value

Objectives This study aimed to explore the spatial distribution of brain metastases (BMs) from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) a homogenous sample, and to identify the metastatic risk levels in brain regions. Methods T1-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from SCLC patients were retrospectively reviewed from three medical institutions in China. All images were registered to the standard brain template provided by the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) 152 database, followed by transformation of the location of all BMs to the space of standard brain. The MNI structural atlas and Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) atlas were then used to identify the anatomical brain regions, and the observed and expected rates of BMs were compared using 2-tailed proportional hypothesis testing. The locations and sizes of brain lesions were analyzed after image standardization. Results A total of 215 eligible patients with 1033 lesions were screened by MRI, including 157 (73%) males and 58 (27%) females. The incidence of crucial structures were as follows: hippocampus 0.68%, parahippocampal 0.97%, brainstem 2.05%, cauate 0.68%, putamen 0.68%, pallidum 0.2%, thalamus 1.36%. No BMs were found in the amygdala, pituitary gland, or pineal gland. The cumulative frequency of the important structures was 6.62%. Based on the results of MNI structural atlas, the cerebellum, deep white matter and brainstem was identified as a higher risk region than expected for BMs (P = 9.80 ×10−15, 9.04 ×10−6), whereas temporal lobe were low-risk regions (P = 1.65 ×10−4). More detailed AAL atlas revealed that the low-risk regions for BMs was inferior frontal gyrus (P = 6.971 ×10−4), while the high-risk regions for BMs was cerebellar hemispheres (P = 1.177 ×10−9). Conclusion Many crucial structures including the hippocampus, parahippocampus, pituitary gland and thalamus etc. have low frequency of brain metastases in a population of SCLC patients. This study provides the help to investigate the clinical feasibility of HA-WBRT and non-uniform dose of PCI in a population of SCLC patients.

Carrier recombination and charge loss at the interfaces of perovskite layers have a significant influence on high-performance planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We employed two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which is a heat-resistant n-type semiconductor, to modify the electron-transport layer/perovskite and perovskite/hole-transport layer interfaces, respectively. g-C3N4 could passivate the surface trap states of the methylammonium lead iodide light absorber through the formation of a Lewis adduct between N and the under-coordinated Pb, and it could also remarkably reduce the grain boundaries between perovskite crystal particles. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.67% (Voc = 1.14 V, Jsc = 21.45 mA cm−2, FF = 0.807) could be obtained from planar PSCs with long-term stability using dual-positioned g-C3N4. Therefore, we consider that ultrathin semiconductor films with a Lewis base nature are suitable as dual-functional transport materials for devices. This work provides new guidance for dual-interfacial modification to improve the PCE and stability of devices.

Background: LncRNA ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1 (ZFAS1) is largely reported to be abnormally expressed in various human cancers and associated with unfavorable prognosis. So this study aims to further investigate its clinical value in multifarious cancers.Methods: Databases of PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang was retrieved to collect eligible studies until October 22, 2020. The clinical role of ZFAS1 was comprehensively assessed by STATA 12.0. Additionally, the CeRNA network in which ZFAS1 involved was constructed. And function analysis of targeted mRNAs was performed by R package “cluster profiler”.Results: 23 studies of 2263 cancer patients met the inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis. The comprehensive results suggested that patients with elevated ZFAS1 expression got poor overall survival (OS) (HR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.50-2.10, P≤0.001), and they are prone to lymph node metastasis (OR=2.67, 95%CI: 1.73-4.14, P≤0.001), distant metastasis (DM) (OR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.61-7.39, P=0.001), advanced TNM stage (HTS) (OR=2.99, 95%CI: 1.97-4.54, P≤0.001), larger tumor size (LTS) (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.05-2.24, P≤0.001), poor histologic grade (PHG) (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.09-2.26, P=0.015). The CeRNA network and function analysis revealed the potential mechanism which ZFAS1 may involve in cancers.Conclusion: The current analysis revealed that elevated ZFAS1 expression is common in various cancer and was significantly associated with poor OS and clinical characteristics, thus it may function as prognostic biomarker in various cancer. Nevertheless, larger well-designed clinical research a is still warranted to verify our findings.

This paper is a summary of the author's research process in the developing and designing the image recognition system based on artificial intelligence. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONCEPTS •Image recognition refers to the technology of using computer to process, analyze and understand the image to identify different patterns of targets and objects. It is a practical application of deep learning algorithm. At present, image recognition technology is generally divided into face recognition and commodity recognition. Face recognition is mainly used in security inspection, identity verification and mobile payment. Commodity recognition is mainly used in commodity circulation process, especially in unmanned retail fields such as unmanned shelf and intelligent retail cabinet.

Objectives: To establish a radiomic algorithm based on grayscale ultrasound images and to make preoperative predictions of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 322 cases of histopathologically confirmed HCC lesions were included. The classifications based on preoperative grayscale ultrasound images were performed in two stages: (1) classifier #1, MVI-negative and MVI-positive cases; (2) classifier #2, MVI-positive cases were further classified as M1 or M2 cases. The gross-tumoral region (GTR) and peri-tumoral region (PTR) signatures were combined to generate gross- and peri-tumoral region (GPTR) radiomic signatures. The optimal radiomic signatures were further incorporated with vital clinical information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to build radiomic models. Results: Finally, 1,595 radiomic features were extracted from each HCC lesion. At the classifier #1 stage, the radiomic signatures based on features of GTR, PTR, and GPTR showed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.708 (95% CI, 0.603–0.812), 0.710 (95% CI, 0.609–0.811), and 0.726 (95% CI, 0.625–0.827), respectively. Upon incorporation of vital clinical information, the AUC of the GPTR radiomic algorithm was 0.744 (95% CI, 0.646–0.841). At the classifier #2 stage, the AUC of the GTR radiomic signature was 0.806 (95% CI, 0.667–0.944). Conclusions: Our radiomic algorithm based on grayscale ultrasound images has potential value to facilitate preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC patients. The GTR radiomic signature may be helpful for further discriminating between M1 and M2 levels among MVI-positive patients.

Objectives The evaluation of lymph node (LN) status by radiologists based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) lacks high precision for early lung cancer patients; erroneous evaluations result in inappropriate therapeutic plans and increase the risk of complications. This study aims to develop a cross-modal 3D neural network based on CT images and prior clinical knowledge for accurate prediction of LN metastasis in clinical stage T1 lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods Five hundred one lung adenocarcinoma patients with clinical stage T1 were enrolled. Data including: corresponding 3D nodule-centered patches of CT; prior clinical features; and pathological labels of LN status were obtained. We proposed a cross-modal deep learning system, which can successfully incorporate prior clinical knowledge and CT images into a 3D neural network to predict LN metastasis. We trained and validated our system with 401 cases and tested its performance with 100 cases. The result was compared with that of the logistic regression integration model, the single deep learning model without prior clinical knowledge integration, radiomics method, and manual evaluation by radiologists. Results The model proposed DensePriNet achieved an AUC of 0.926, which is significantly higher than the logistic regression integration model (0.904) single deep learning model (0.880), and radiomics method (0.891). The Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of DensePriNet (0.705) was significantly higher than manual classification by one senior radiologist (0.534) and one junior radiologist (0.416), respectively. Conclusion The performance of the single deep learning method is significantly higher than the radiomics method and the radiologists, and integration of prior clinical knowledge into the deep learning model enhance the diagnostic precision of LN status and facilitate the application of precision medicine.

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) characteristics of Y-cut X propagating Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (YX-PIMNT) single crystals on a diamond substrate have been theoretically calculated. The simulated results show that the phase velocity of the shear horizontal (SH) SAW may be greatly enhanced from the 1350 m/s to 3350 m/s by reducing the thickness of the PIMNT from 0.5 λ to 0.05 λ , with a corresponding decrease in the electromechanical coupling factor ( K 2 ) from 73.6% to 19.6%. The dispersion curves of phase velocity and K 2 as a function of PIMNT thickness are given for the proposed layered structure. Besides the SH SAW, there are also higher order modes that would cause unwanted responses in the pass-band of wideband SAW filters. These were suppressed by properly controlling structural parameters including top electrode thickness, thickness and Euler angle (θ) of PIMNT substrate. The calculated results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to enlarge the phase velocity of the SH SAW without dramatically sacrificing its K 2 , which makes relaxor based ferroelectric single crystals promising for realizing ultra-wideband SAW devices working in ~ GHz range.

Two dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (2D CNNs), as novel types of emerging materials, have aroused considerable research enthusiasm in recent years. Herein, we describe for the first time a new application of 2D CNNs as an ideal scaffold for synthesizing AgPd/2D CNNs through a facile one-step reduction method and further utilized it as catalysts toward photocatalytic hydrogen generation from FA under visible light (λ > 400 nm). Benefiting from plasmonic and Mott-Schottky, alloying effects, as well as the unique 2D nanosheets structure with a high surface area, the resultant Ag0.1Pd0.9/2D CNNs affords superior performance under visible light, including 100% H2 selectivity, 100% conversion, cycle performance, hydrogen evolution rate of 231.6 mmol h−1and the corresponding TOF value of 2936.8 h−1, which is 1.87 times and 3.5-fold higher than that of Ag0.1Pd0.9/2D CNNs under no light (1573.5 h−1) and that of Ag0.1Pd0.9/CN (837.2 h−1) under visible light, respectively, even better than most of the noble metal heterogeneous catalysts. This study not only throws light on modulating the structure of g-C3N4 to enhance the photocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction but also offers a versatile method for developing high-performance photocatalyst for hydrogen economy and other applications.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image despeckling is an essential problem in remote sensing technology, which has a strong influence on the performance of the following processing. We propose a new despeckled algorithm combining CNN and fractional-order total variation. Through constructing a CNN model and introducing the fractional-order total variation into loss function as the regularization term, the experimental results prove that our proposed method can avoid detail ambiguity and overly smooth caused by integral-order, and preserve rich texture and details information. Therefore, the high-quality despeckled images generated by our model will significantly improve the availability of SAR images.

The calculation method of punching shear bearing capacity of unbounded prestressed concrete slab is presented for the reason that traditional methods mainly depend on experiences. The concrete material is assumed as ideal rigid-plastic material. The Quasi-Coulomb Criterion is taken as the strength criterion of concrete, according to plastic limit theory, and the calculation equation of punching shear limit bearing capacity of unbounded prestressed concrete slab is derived through the establishment of virtual work equation. Comparison of the calculation results based on the presented equation with test results proves that the calculation method in this paper can not only reflect and decide various influencing factors of punching shear ultimate bearing capacity of unbonded prestressed slab, and but also the calculated results are more reasonable, accurate.

In order to reveal the distortion mechanism of PLA thin-plate part in the FDM process, a theoretical model based on the theory of elastic thin plates in thermoelasticity was established, and an experimental research approach based on Taguchi method was presented. A special specimen was designed, and the flowchart of experimental procedure was elaborated. Moreover, 81 test specimens were prepared through FDM process and measured by a portable 3D laser scanner. Two statistical analysis methods, signal to noise ratio (S/N) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were applied to optimize the process parameters in order to reduce the distortion of thin-plate part. The experimental results indicated that the optimal process parameters can be obtained and proposed theoretical model was proved efficient.

In order to improve the real time monitoring ability and safe operation of the electric vehicle lithium battery, save the cost of battery, this paper presents a remote monitoring system for lithium battery of electric vehicle. Which is composed of the vehicle information collector and the upper computer. The collector of vehicle information is composed of microprocessor, CAN bus controller, GPS module and GPRS module. The collector is connected with the CAN bus and the central control system of the electric vehicle by ECU. It will receive the lithium battery information and GPS data through the GPRS network to transfer to the host computer. PC software system use C++ and Oracle database to develop, to analyze and to handle the information of battery and locate electric vehicle, to ensure the stability and efficiency of data storage. The system has entered the testing phase. It has been achieved for the monitoring of lithium battery information. It has good stability, low cost, high reliability.

Electric power system relies heavily on common information technologies and platforms, so all common information security issues have been experienced in the electric power information system. Because of attacks destructivity and uncontrollability, it is inappropriate to conduct security analysis in a real Power system directly. Therefore, the paper uses simulation and emulation technology to build a information security test bed for power system at a lower cost and no affect the normal operation and the premise of the aimed system. Simulation contents in the test bed are arranged in four different layers including firmware layer, system layer, network layer and application layer. The test bed also provides a network attack and defense combat system. The test bed can be used for Power system information and network system security testing, engineering validation and evaluation.

Dimly lit targets in the dark are perceived as located about an implicit slanted surface that delineates the visual system's intrinsic bias (Ooi, Wu, & He, 2001). If the intrinsic bias reflects the internal model of visual space-as proposed here-its influence should extend beyond target localization. Our first 2 experiments demonstrated that the intrinsic bias also influences perceived target size. We employed a size-matching task and an action task to measure the perceived size of a dimly lit target at various locations in the dark. Then using the size distance invariance hypothesis along with the accurately perceived target angular declination, we converted the perceived sizes to locations. We found that the derived locations from the size judgment tasks can be fitted by slanted curves that resemble the intrinsic bias profile from judged target locations. Our third experiment revealed that armed with the explicit knowledge of target size, an observer perceives target locations in the dark following an intrinsic bias-like profile that is shifted slightly farther from the observer than the profile obtained without knowledge of target size (i.e., slightly more veridical). Altogether, we showed that the intrinsic bias serves as an internal model, or memory, of ground surface layouts when the visual system cannot rely on external depth information. This memory/model can also be weakly influenced by top-down knowledge.

This paper is based on the general condition that renewable energy resources used in buildings in Guangxi subtropical regions. By integrating the case of 9# dormitory building in Bowen College, Guilin University of Technology, making compare and contrast to the effectiveness of using ground source heat pump system, air source heat pump system , solar electric water heaters under such condition, taking the effectiveness of using renewable energy resources in air source heat pump system, the author discuss the issue of renewable energy resources system and the integration of buildings and provides some suggestions.

Summary Telbivudine, an FDA pregnancy category B drug, has been found to reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) perinatal transmission with no safety concerns in infants aged up to 1 year. This study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of telbivudine in 214 infants born to 210 pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B infection who were treated with telbivudine during pregnancy (weeks 20-32 of gestation). The infants were followed for up to 5 years after birth. The efficacy endpoint was the rate of perinatal transmission, which was established by HBsAg and HBV DNA levels at 7 and 12 months. Safety endpoints included head circumference, weight, height, and congenital abnormality and hospitalization rates. In addition, the Denver Developmental Screening Test was performed in 92 randomly selected infants. None of the 214 infants born to these women were infected with HBV, and all had effective serum hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) levels. Compared with Chinese standard values, there were few differences in the infants’ mean head circumference, weight, and height values. No birth defects were diagnosed, and the congenital abnormality rate was 0.934%. Serious adverse events requiring hospitalization occurred in 20 infants (9.35%). The qualified Denver Developmental Screening Test rate in 92 infants was 97.82%, which was comparable to a rate of 92% in normal Chinese children. Thus, treatment with telbivudine during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy safely blocked perinatal transmission of HBV. Infants born to telbivudine-treated mothers showed normal growth and development during long-term follow-up of up to 5 years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Attention readily facilitates the detection and discrimination of objects, but it is not known whether it helps to form the vast volume of visual space that contains the objects and where actions are implemented. Conventional wisdom suggests not, given the effortless ease with which we perceive three-dimensional (3D) scenes on opening our eyes. Here, we show evidence to the contrary. In Experiment 1, the observer judged the location of a briefly presented target, placed either on the textured ground or ceiling surface. Judged location was more accurate for a target on the ground, provided that the ground was visible and that the observer directed attention to the lower visual field, not the upper field. This reveals that attention facilitates space perception with reference to the ground. Experiment 2 showed that judged location of a target in mid-air, with both ground and ceiling surfaces present, was more accurate when the observer directed their attention to the lower visual field; this indicates that the attention effect extends to visual space above the ground. These findings underscore the role of attention in anchoring visual orientation in space, which is arguably a primal event that enhances one's ability to interact with objects and surface layouts within the visual space. The fact that the effect of attention was contingent on the ground being visible suggests that our terrestrial visual system is best served by its ecological niche.

Personal and network encryption application models nowadays are analyzed in this paper, then a team secrecy encryption application model is proposed based on practical applications. In this model, members of one team have same access authority for electronic documents, and team is the smallest unit of key distribution. Procedures of distribution, transmission and updating key are offline. This model is suitable for co-confidential application among many departments which are loose coupling. An encryption system is implemented based on this model aimed at protecting Microsoft office document.

A trustworthy protected-ring model for UEFI firmware is proposed and a prototype based on Intel Platform Innovation Framework is implemented in this paper. In addition to meet static security attributes such as integrity and authenticity proposed in trusted firmware, this model can also satisfy some dynamic security attributes such as control object’s operations on device or modifications on key data. Furthermore, this model is simple and efficient enough to meet firmware’s need for small size and fast boot.

The natural ground surface carries texture information that extends continuously from one’s feet to the horizon, providing a rich depth resource for accurately locating an object resting on it. Here, we showed that the ground surface’s role as a reference frame also aids in locating a target suspended in midair based on relative binocular disparity. Using real world setup in our experiments, we first found that a suspended target is more accurately localized when the ground surface is visible and the observer views the scene binocularly. In addition, the increased accuracy occurs only when the scene is viewed for 5 sec rather than 0.15 sec, suggesting that the binocular depth process takes time. Second, we found that manipulation of the configurations of the texture-gradient and/or linear-perspective cues on the visible ground surface affects the perceived distance of the suspended target in midair. Third, we found that a suspended target is more accurately localized against a ground texture surface than a ceiling texture surface. This suggests that our visual system usesthe ground surface as the preferred reference frame to scale the distance of a suspended target according to its relative binocular disparity.

China is the country with most widely distributed loess area in the world, and its loess area accounts of 6.63% of total nation land area. The landslide disaster occurs frequently for complex natural condition and becomes major factors hindering the social and economic development of loess regions. Through different indexes, the authors divided the landslides into 9 principal types and analyzed the distribution characteristics of loess landslide in time and space, the affecting factors and mechanism of landslides. It is pointed out that time and spatial distributions of landslides are closely correlative to topographic and geomorphic conditions, earthquake and rainfall, and the key influencing factors include topography, geomorphology, new tectonic movements, earthquake activity, surface water, ground water and human activities. The authors emphasized that the loess landslide was an urgent task for sustainable development in the loess zone.

Currently, the methods of energy-based seismic design have been widely developed. As cumulative response, hysteretic energy can be regarded as an index directly to estimate the earthquake induced structural damage, so it is important for researchers to analyze hysteretic energy demand of SDOF systems. For obtaining the mean demand of hysteretic energy, hysteretic energy is normalized as the ratio of hysteretic energy to square of peak ground acceleration, on the basis of which the spectra of normalized hysteretic energy of constant ductility factors is established. The earthquake motion records of three kinds of soil sites are selected as excitations of the SDOF system to analyze the regularities of mean demands of normalized hysteretic energy. The influence factors of hysteretic energy demand such as period, ductility factor and soil site are analyzed. Analytic results show that the spectra have the typical spectral pattern features for different soil sites, and the normalized hysteretic energy demand is affected obviously by ductility factor and soil site.

With the fast development of social economy, the competition between enterprises in construction projects becomes more and more serious. The cost control method is proposed to the bidding process of enterprises based on the gray system forecast. At the same time, the cost control software is also constructed to the bidding process of enterprises. Experimental results suggest that the proposed approach is feasible and correct.

The enhancement of power system transient stability is investigated in this paper, while early papers focus on steady state security. After the idea of transient stability enhancement by changing network configuration is clarified, two screening indices which can be used to select the candidate operations which could enhance transient stability is defined. At last, a heuristic strategy for transient stability enhancement is proposed. Because the screening indices are based on Z-matrix, the proposed method is both simple and practical. The results of two test systems are illustrated to support the proposed idea and the validity ofthe proposed heuristic strategy is verified by a realistic system's implementation.

An important element of BBS public opinion analysis system is to update the contents of knowledge regular library dynamically adding sensitive words constantly to knowledge regular library. Apriori algorithm is classical algorithm of mining association rules. This paper presents a new method of adding the contents of knowledge regular automatically using association rule models. Experimental results show that the system obviously improves the accuracy of monitoring BBS public opinion by means of this algorithm.

According to technical statistics, current TCP protocols with approximately 80% Internet applications run on perform very well on wired networks. However, due to the effects of long propagation delay, great bandwidth asymmetry, high sporadic Bit Error Rate (BER) and etc., TCP performance degrades obviously on the satellite communication networks. To avoid the problems, TP-S, a novel transport control protocol, is introduced for satellite IP networks. Firstly, in order to increase the increment speed of Congestion Window (cwnd) at the beginning of data transmission, the traditional Slow Start strategy is replaced by a new strategy, known as Super Start. Secondly, a new packet lost discriminated scheme based on IP packets alternately sending with different priority is used in the protocol to decouple congestion decision from errors. Thirdly, bandwidth asymmetry problem is avoided by adopting Modified NACK (M-NACK) in receiving ends, which is sent periodically. In addition, the sending strategy in routers is also modified along with other's changes to support the protocol. Finally, the simulation experiments show that the new protocol can not only significantly enhance throughput performance, but also reduce sharply bandwidth used in the reverse path as compared with traditional TCP protocols and those protocols, which are recently proposed for satellite IP networks.

In this paper, a novel Geometric features extraction method for facial expression recognition is proposed. ASM automatic fiducial point location algorithm is firstly applied to a facial expression image, and then calculating the Euclidean distances between the center of gravity coordinate and the annotated fiducial points' coordinates of the face image. In order to extract the discriminate deformable geometric information, the system extracts the geometric deformation difference features between a person's neural expression and the other seven basic expressions. A multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used to recognize the facial expressions. Experiments indicate that our proposed method can obtain good classification accuracy.

The traditional Gabor transform need calculate convolution with whole image when extract expression feature. So, the feature dimensions are very large and computation complexity is very high. Though some improved methods can reduce the feature dimensions and computing cost by manually marking out the feature points, but those methods need intense human intervention and can not meet to the need of automatic recognition. In This paper, a new face expression recognition method are proposed based on feature fusion which combines the Gabor transform and ASM automatic feature orientation technology. Firstly, ASM technology is used to locate the feature point of a face shape. And then Gabor feature of feature point are extracted by using Gabor transform. Finally, the two feature sets are fused to implement the face expression recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively utilize the local texture information and global shape information of expression and get better recognition effect.

Aiming at the problem in facial feature location, the Active Shape Models algorithm has no evaluable criterion to judge its convergence, and tend to run into local minimum when using the fixed search scale, and how to choose the scale is always an issue. This paper presents a method based on the whole shape gray grads to evaluate the search effects, and an improved search policy of multiscale. The experiment results show that, this method can enhance the robustness of ASM feature location effectively and reduce the computational complexity.

In this paper, a novel feature extraction approach alpha-based supervised orthogonal projection reduction by affinity is proposed by introducing the idea of SLLE into the traditional method of OPRA. By adding an additional parameter a to control the degree of supervision, the proposed method can acquire some compromise between purely supervised OPRA and unsupervised OPRA and does not only keep the reservation of some flow-shaped structure during high-dimensional to low-dimensional mapping, but also gets better orthogonal projection. Experimental results based on both synthetic data and real data (human face recognition) show that the proposed method is more effective than either purely supervised OPRA or unsupervised OPRA and some other traditional feature extraction methods.

Information about the impending collision of an approaching object can be specified by visual and auditory means. We examined the discrimination thresholds for vision, audition, and vision/audition combined, in the processing of time-to-collision (TTC) of an approaching object. The stimulus consisted of a computer simulated car approaching on a flat ground towards the participants which disappeared at a certain point before collision. After the presentation of two approaching movements in succession, participants pressed a button to indicate which of the two movements would result in the car colliding with the viewpoint sooner from the moment it disappeared. The results demonstrated that most participants were sensitive to TTC information provided by a visual source, but not when provided by an auditory source. That said, auditory information provided effective static distance information. When both sources of information were combined, participants used the most accurate source of information to make their judgments.

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This paper describes ongointg investigation into the subsumption control of robots. Subsumption architecture is a relatively new and simple approach to the control of robot systems. With subsumption control, the robiot is controlled by a set of simple processes. Each of the process is designed to provided the robot with a simple competence, for example, the ability to avoid contact with obstacles, to wander aimlessly around without hitting things or to explore the robot's environment. This paper includes: 1) reviewing subsumption architecture; 2) some methods proposedl to improve the emciency of this architecture; 3) the implementation of these methods and primitive abilities, such as, wandering behavior, collision avoidance, and navigation. The enhianced architecture is more effective than the original one.

In this paper, we propose a method for the visual-based location of a mobile robot with an omni-directional camera in indoor environment. Omni-directional camera is composed of conventional camera and convex mirror. It has large field of view, which further reduces the number of images necessary to represent a location. The stmctnre, p~operty anti geometry of the omni-directional camera are presented. The principle of trigonometric location is also presented. We use trigonometric location and data derived from omni-directional image processing to realize robot location. Preliminary location experiments with a mobile robot equipped with an omni-directional camera in indoor environment are performed. The result of experiments shows that the proposed method has good performance.

Real gas effect is one of the key technical challenges for reusable orbital vehicle development. Conducting flight demonstration is an effective way to understand the real gas flow characteristics. In this paper, investigation on the aerodynamic configurations of flight demonstrators, which are designed according to the requirements of flight tests for real gas effect studies, are conducted. The real gas effect is simulated by the numerical method with the equilibrium gas model. By analyzing the influence of real gas effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of different types of aerodynamic shapes, the aerodynamic design principles for real gas effect demonstrator are summarized. The aerodynamic configuration that satisfies the requirements of real gas effect flight tests is proposed.