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Objective: To compare the effects of lumbar sustained natural apophyseal glide and Mechanical Traction in patients with discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Kanaan Physiotherapy and Spine Clinic, from Mar to Sep 2020. Methodology: A total of 44 patients were included in study in 2 groups of 22 each. Patients between ages 30-60 years having chronic radiating pain in one or both legs, patients with minimum of 25 score out of 100, on low back pain index and patients having radiculopathy were included. Exclusion criteria were history of low back pain treatment in last 90. Complications such as cancer, spine pathology and joint disease. Dice roll method was used for group allocation. Group classification was as group 1, sustained natural apophyseal glide group, and group 2, mechanical traction group. NPRS and oswestry disability index were used. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 21. Results: There is statistically significant improvement in pain as mean post treatment value for sustained natural apophyseal glide group is 2.55 ± 1.503 and for mechanical traction group is 4.05 ± 1.864, oswestry disability index and shober test results in sustained natural apophyseal glide group were also significant as compared to mechanical traction with p-value

The objective of this work was to identify, diagnose and characterize the sawmills in four municipalities in the State of Minas Gerais (Divinésia, Senador Firmino, Brás Pires and Dores do Turvo) that provide lumber for the industries in the Furniture Hub in Ubá, State of Minas Gerais. A semi-structured questionnaire with open questions, answered in loco and accompanied by a responsible person (interviewer), with information on the identification of the potentialities and fragilities of the local lumber sector as well as to know the raw material (logs), the wood split processes, the internal management, the qualification of the employees, the machinery, products, market and prospects of the sector in these municipalities. It was found that Eucalyptus wood is the most used. The diameter of the logs is shown as the factor that affects the yield in 100% of the analyzed sawmills, where cracking and variability of the logs are the main difficulties of working with the raw material. The lumber sector in the analyzed municipalities needs a greater qualification, both managerial and technical, to improve the activity. In addition, it is necessary to better organize the companies related to the lumber sector through associations and support from local entities and greater exposure of the products to the local consumers. The objective of this work was to identify, diagnose and characterize the sawmills in four municipalities in the State of Minas Gerais (Divinésia, Senador Firmino, Brás Pires and Dores do Turvo) that provide lumber for the industries in the Furniture Hub in Ubá, State of Minas Gerais. A semi-structured questionnaire with open questions, answered in loco and accompanied by a responsible person (interviewer), with information on the identification of the potentialities and fragilities of the local lumber sector as well as to know the raw material (logs), the wood split processes, the internal management, the qualification of the employees, the machinery, products, market and prospects of the sector in these municipalities. It was found that Eucalyptus wood is the most used. The diameter of the logs is shown as the factor that affects the yield in 100% of the analyzed sawmills, where cracking and variability of the logs are the main difficulties of working with the raw material. The lumber sector in the analyzed municipalities needs a greater qualification, both managerial and technical, to improve the activity. In addition, it is necessary to better organize the companies related to the lumber sector through associations and support from local entities and greater exposure of the products to the local consumers.

Background One-handed backhand (OB) and two-handed backhand (TB) styles are commonly used in tennis, but only TB generates loadings on the non-dominant arm and a greater extension torque on the rear leg, leading to a greater axial torque involving rotation of the hip and trunk. The current study investigated whether those effects can further affect bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in postmenopausal recreational tennis players. Methods BA, BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine, hip and distal radius were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in TB, OB, and swimmers’ group as a control (SG) (all participants self-reported for at least 5 years of exercise history, n = 14 per group). Muscular strength was assessed with a hand dynamometer. Among these three groups, the BA, BMC and BMD of distal radius and muscle strength were assessed using one-way ANOVA, and those of the lumbar region and the hip joint were tested by one-way ANCOVA. Results TB showed higher BMC and BMD for both lumbar spine and femoral neck than SG (all, p p p p Conclusion For postmenopausal women, performing two-handed backhand strokes, leads to higher BMC and BMD in the non-dominant arm, the lumbar region, and hips, indicating potential benefit to maintain bone health and strength. Whether this result leads to reducing the risk of osteoporosis needs to be investigated in further research.

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is the most common health problem between men and women between 20 and 50. Although most LBP's exact origin remains unknown, it is understood that degenerative damage to the intervertebral disk (IVD) plays a central role in the pathogenic mechanism leading to back pain. The study aims to study the incidence, clinical features, and presentations of the lumbar disc prolapse and clinical outcome of lumbar microdiscectomy for a period of 1 year post operatively. Methods: 28 male's patient and 22 female patients qualified. The data were obtained by direct interrogation and clinical examination. The information that was taken from the patients includes the patient's age, gender, occupation, and chief complaint, history of present illness, and neurological signs and symptoms. Plain X-ray of the lumbosacral spine obtained for each patient in anteroposterior, lateral view and stress views. Results: 15 male patients (53.5%) and eight females (36.3%). The most common site for the prolapsed disc was L4-L5 (58%); the next common site was L5-S1 (38%), backache was the most common presenting symptoms. It presents in all 50 patients (100%). Sciatica present in 45 patients (90%), in 13 patients the radiation of the pain was to the right leg, whereas 26 patients have radiation of pain to the left leg and six patients have bilateral radiation, 45 patients (90%) of total 50 patients complaint from backache recovered,36 patients (86.7%) of real 45 patients compliant from sciatica improved, paresthesia represented in 32 patients (64%) and 28 patients (87.5%) of them recovered, whereas 16 patients (32%) had motor weakness and 12 patients (75%) recovered. Conclusion: Lumbar microdiscectomy may be associated with a more rapid initial recovery in patients with sciatica; most patients had good outcomes with lumbar microdiscectomy.

Strategic, tactical, and operation-level forest management plans are commonly formulated by forest planners following even-flow yield principles. Although strategic planning ensures a sustained supply of timber over the long term, it disregards individual mills&rsquo, requirements, which leads to discrepancy between supply and demand. We hypothesize that a value-based timber allocation decision, which accounts for individual mills&rsquo, demands during tactical level planning, reduces such discrepancy by increasing value over the entire supply chain. Three types of linear programming models were constructed: Model A&mdash, status quo volume-maximization model, Model B&mdash, supply chain net present value-maximization (NPV) model, and Model C&mdash, a novel approach with sub-models embedded that maximize the NPV of individual mills in the allocation decision. Our results showed that only 58% of the annual allowable cut was profitable and the mean net revenue per harvested area was $2455 ha&minus, 1 using Model A. The respective values using Models B and C were 64% and $3890 ha&minus, 1 and 96% and $4040 ha&minus, 1, respectively, showing that Model C generated the highest net revenue for all mills. Such a method of value-based sequential optimization (Model C) will be crucial in sustainable use of forest products and sustaining future bioeconomy, particularly for managing mixed species stands that contain timber suitable for manufacturing a wide range of products with different market values.

Climate change, environmental degradation, and limited resources are motivations for sustainable forest management. Forests, the most abundant renewable resource on earth, used to make a wide variety of forest-based products for human consumption. To provide a scientific measure of a product’s sustainability and environmental performance, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used. This article provides a comprehensive review of environmental performances of forest-based products including traditional building products, emerging (mass-timber) building products and nanomaterials using attributional LCA. Across the supply chain, the product manufacturing life-cycle stage tends to have the largest environmental impacts. However, forest management activities and logistics tend to have the greatest economic impact. In addition, environmental trade-offs exist when regulating emissions as indicated by the latest traditional wood building product LCAs. Interpretation of these LCA results can guide new product development using biomaterials, future (mass) building systems and policy-making on mitigating climate change. Key challenges include handling of uncertainties in the supply chain and complex interactions of environment, material conversion, resource use for product production and quantifying the emissions released.

Back ground and objectives: Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most important causes of lower back pain and is also one of the most important problems in orthopedic surgery in adults. The study aims to assessment the risk factors for lumbar disc herniation in the city of Mosul. Material and methods: - A retrospective study (a case control study) was conducted for a sample of adults consisting of (540) samples as all, divided into two groups of both sex (266) case and 274control, aged between 20 years and 70 years old and above. This study was carried out in the following hospitals: Al-Gomhouri Educational Hospital, Al-Salam General Hospital, and Ibn Sina Medical Center in Mosul. It was conducted for a period of three months from the first of January 2014 till the first of April 2014. The validity of the content was determined by presenting expert questionnaire forms consisting of (17) experts. The data were analyzed by applying the descriptive analysis, which included (frequency distribution, percentage) and deductive statistical analysis, which included patients and the control sample. The internal stability of the questionnaire was applying the Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient . Results:- A number of factors were found to be significantly more effective in patients with lumbar disc herniation: gender, age, Residency, family history, increased working hours, back pain during work, working with big effort, psychosocial impact, washing the clothes both way, washing the dishes on the ground increasing the number of children, not doing sports weekly,. eating in sitting position, carrying heavy objects more than 15 kilos, sitting for long periods. Conclusion: LDH is more common in male than female group in a ratio of 1.74:1. The age group most affected with LDH is 40-49 years. LDH is more common in urban areas. BMI has direct effect on LDH especially persons who are with overweight. Married and primary persons have more groups affected with LDH. Family history plays a great role in existing the LDH (63.2%). and the comorbidity diseases (DM.HT) also contributed to the LDH. Employee persons, Average of time work 7-10 hrs., Satisfaction of time work some of them, Addition work out org. work, Rest time during the work some of them, suffering Back pain during work, need speed during work and working with big effort have high significant in role the study whereas enough time to complete the work not significant . Recommendation: the study recommended the establishment of educational programs for the community through all the media and the inclusion of the subject of disease to nursing students and health institutions aimed to reduce the disease and the study recommended also to reduce weight, doing regular exercises and improve physical activities. Keywords: Assessment, Risk factors, lumber, Disc herniation, Mosul city.

An integral calculation method (ICM) is presented for fully estimating the fiber orientation and fundamental physical and mechanical properties of softwood (SW) logs and lumber. The proposed ICM reproduces with great detail the most important anatomical features of SW, including annual rings, seasonal variations, main growth patterns (straight, spiral, and interlocked grain), and especially fiber distortions due to knot clusters for each annual ring. The failure load of the lumber has been predicted with an absolute error of 10.2%. In addition, the ICM has shown very strong robustness and high calculation speed as most of the calculations are performed analytically, and only one final simplistic computation is conducted by finite element analysis (FEA). This article describes the proposed ICM in detail and shows the initial verification with experiments. The ICM should contribute not only to lumber research and grading but also to research and optimization of logging and sawing industrial processes.

A safety analysis for Larch (Larix gmelinii) 2×4 lumber, based on the requirements of Chinese national standards, is presented in this paper. Static, third-point bending tests were conducted using an MTS universal testing machine. The bending strength was adjusted to 15% moisture content (MOR15) and was fitted with three different probability distribution models. The best fitting MOR15 model for Larch 2×4 lumber possessed lognormal distribution. Furthermore, a procedure for calculation of a reliability index (β) was developed using the first-order second-moment method. Results of reliability analysis indicated that the reliability index decreased nonlinearly as both the design value of bending strength increased and the reduction of live to dead load ratio (ρ). Finally, it was suggested that the design values for the bending strength of Larch 2×4 lumber were 18.4 MPa for grade SS, 11.6 MPa for grade No.1, 12.7 MPa for grade No.2, and 10.3 MPa for grade No.3, to meet the target reliability level.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the modulus of elasticity of green lumber with unknown moisture content (MC) by non-destructive measurement. This paper reports the results and statistical analysis of a large number of experiments. They indicate that the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) can be determined without knowing the MC. Mechanical grading with DMOE determined in this way is reliable and efficient with a correlation coefficient of 0.44, compared with a coefficient of 0.45 between MOR and DMOE of dry specimens. Thus the possibility of strength grading of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) at an early step in the industrial process is demonstrated with success.

Wood shrinks anisotropically as it loses hygroscopic moisture. While longitudinal shrinkage (parallel to the grain) is nearly negligible in normal wood, transverse shrinkage (across the grain) is significant and characterized as tangential and radial shrinkage. The application of average tangential shrinkage values to a rectangular cross section results in errors, especially for boards cut from near the center of the log. In addition, using a Cartesian coordinate system to calculate shrinkage cannot provide an estimate of cup. Calculating shrinkage and cup deformation using a previously developed model, this Excel model can provide a more realistic image of the final cross section and a more accurate estimate of shrinkage. The model is dependent on wood species, initial and final moisture contents, and location of the board within the log. This paper describes and illustrates uses of the model.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:34:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-33750506319.pdf: 3116966 bytes, checksum: 14589d7ca8b0102c7e82104c43217314 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-07-01 The glued-laminated lumber (glulam) technique is an efficient process for making rational use of wood. Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) associated with glulam beams provide significant gains in terms of strength and stiffness, and also alter the mode of rupture of these structural elements. In this context, this paper presents a theoretical model for designing reinforced glulam beams. The model allows for the calculation of the bending moment, the hypothetical distribution of linear strains along the height of the beam, and considers the wood has a linear elastic fragile behavior in tension parallel to the fibers and bilinear in compression parallel to the fibers, initially elastic and subsequently inelastic, with a negative decline in the stress-strain diagram. The stiffness was calculated by the transformed section method. Twelve non-reinforced and fiberglass reinforced glulam beams were evaluated experimentally to validate the proposed theoretical model. The results obtained indicate good congruence between the experimental and theoretical values. São Paulo State University UNESP, Rod. Com. Joao Ribeiro de Barros, 17900-000 Dracena, São Paulo São Carlos School Engineering USP, São Carlos, São Paulo São Paulo State University UNESP, Rod. Com. Joao Ribeiro de Barros, 17900-000 Dracena, São Paulo

Introduction :Myelomeningocele is a congenital defect in posterior arch of vertebra with herniation of cord and meanings ,which presence of hydrocephalus with high precalence complicates its treatment . This study tries to determine the frequency of hydrocephalus associated with myelomeningocele(MMC) in different levels of spinal column. Method: In a descriptive study during five years 1375-71childern under one year old with myelomeningocele admitted to Tabrize Medical Center of Imam Khomeini were followed for hydrocephalus . Results: From ninety-five patients of MMC ,56.8% developed hydrocephalus (68.4% male, 31.5% female ). Prevalence of MMC in each level of spinal column was: Lumbar 60%, Lumbosacral 31.5%,Thorasic and cervical 4.2% equally .developed in sixty eight percent of lumbar MMC,48% of lumbosacral ,25% of cervical and 0% of thoracic. Conclusion: More percentage of female gender with lumbosacral MMC developed hydrocephalus ,whereas in other level male gender more developed . Prevalence of hydrocephalus in this study was less than other studies .In contrast to other studies showed that our study lumbar and then lumbosacral MMC had more susceptibility to develop hydrocephalus.