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Resumen Introduccion La profilaxis de las ulceras por estres (PUE) se utiliza comunmente en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediatricos (PICU). Sin embargo, no hay pruebas solidas que apoyen esta practica y se necesitan urgentemente ensayos clinicos controlados aleatorios (ECCA) pediatricos. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el valor de la PUE con omeprazol en pacientes criticos pediatricos. Pacientes y metodos Ensayo controlado aleatorizado abierto, con inclusion de 144 ninos ingresados en la UCI con una puntuacion en la escala pediatrica de evaluacion del fallo multiorganico secuencial (pSOFA) inferior a 16. Los pacientes fueron asignados al azar a recibir omeprazol para el PUE o a no recibir profilaxis. La variable de resultado principal fue el desarrollo de hemorragia digestiva alta o infecciones nosocomiales. Resultados La frecuencia de hemorragia gastrointestinal fue del 27,1%, aunque solo desarrollaron hemorragia clinicamente significativa el 5,6% de los pacientes. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la incidencia de hemorragia entre los grupos de profilaxis y de control (27,8 vs. 26,4%; p = 0,85). Tampoco surgieron diferencias significativas en la incidencia de la neumonia asociada al ventilador (NAV) entre ambos grupos (9,6 vs. 8,3%; p = 0,77). La incidencia de bacteriemia asociada a cateter venoso central (BACVC) fue mayor en el grupo de profilaxis en comparacion con el grupo de control (30,6 vs. 12,5%; p = 0,014). Ningun paciente desarrollo diarrea por Clostridium difficile. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la tasa de mortalidad, la duracion de la estancia en la UCIP o la duracion de la ventilacion mecanica. La ventilacion mecanica fue un predictor independiente de hemorragia (OR 6,4; IC 95%: 2,73-14,9). Conclusion En pacientes ingresados en la UCIP con disfuncion organica de leve a moderada, el uso de omeprazol parece ineficaz para la prevencion del sangrado gastrointestinal a la vez que aumenta el riesgo de BACVC. Se recomienda restringir el PUE a ninos sometidos a ventilacion mecanica.

This paper aims to explain the power asymmetry as a paradox in collaborative management (co-management) of natural resources in Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi. This study uses a qualitative research method with an explanative case study approach. Data collection using participatory observation and indepth interviews. The key informants came from elements of local government, big-scale fishermen, traditional fishermen, farmers, traders, and NGOs. The results of the study concluded that the management of Lake Tempe was marked by asymmetry or power imbalances between actors. Big-scale fisherman actors together with the local government control the means of production, dominate the production of policies and determine the main determinants of the management of Lake Tempe compared to traditional (small-scale) fishermen. The asymmetry of power between these actors has an impact on the imbalance in the benefits and value of resource allocation in Lake Tempe. Big Fisherman Actors and Local Governments get more benefits and value from natural resources. Meanwhile, traditional fishermen actors get fewer benefits and value from natural resources. In a certain stage, the traditional fishermen actors experience a process of marginalization.

Recently, the penetration level of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) increased considerably in several countries. This increase has led to the construction of parking lots (PLs) to facilitate the charging of these vehicles. However, the uncontrolled charging of PEVs might result in several technical problems in the electric network. In this paper we propose a decentralized smart charging scheme which seeks to minimize the cost of charging of PEVs according to the optimal response of each electric vehicle to the day-ahead charging prices of the PL. Two alternative tariffs are explored; the real time pricing (RTP) and time of use pricing (TOU). The smart charging is compared with the uncontrolled charging using the IEEE 15-bus distribution system over a 24-hour period considering uncertainties of the driving behavior of PEVs. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization problem and is solved in MATLAB using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) technique. The simulation results which compared with results from particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique show that, compared with uncontrolled charging, smart charging scheme can avoid asset overloading, and displace most charging to valley hours. في الآونة الأخيرة، زاد مستوى تغلغل المرکبات الکهربائية الموصولة بالکهرباء بشکل کبير في العديد من البلدان. وقد أدت هذه الزيادة إلى إنشاء ساحات الانتظار لتسهيل شحن هذه المرکبات. ومع ذلک، فإن الشحن غير المنضبط للمرکبات الکهربائية قد يؤدي إلى العديد من المشاکل الفنية في الشبکة الکهربائية. في هذا البحث، نقترح مخطط شحن ذکي لامرکزي يسعى إلى تقليل تکلفة شحن المرکبات الکهربائية حسب الاستجابة المثلى لکل سيارة کهربائية لأسعار الشحن في اليوم التالي. لذلک سوف يتم استکشاف تعريفين بديلين؛ أسعار الوقت الحقيقي وتسعير وقت الاستخدام. تتم مقارنة الشحن غير المنضبط بالشحن الذکي باستخدام نظام توزيع شبکة مکونة من 15 بارة لتمثل حالة الدراسة على مدار ٢٤ ساعة. ايضا يتم النظر في عدم اليقين فى سلوک القيادة للمرکبات الکهربائية. تمت صياغة المشکلة على أنها مشکلة تحسين البرمجة الخطية المختلطة وتم حلها عن طريق الماتلاب باستخدام تقنية خوارزمية سرب الهلاميات البرميليةالتي تمت مقارنتها بنتائج تقنية تحسين سرب الجسيمات. تظهر نتائج المحاکاة أنه مقارنة بالشحن غير المنضبط، يمکن أن تتجنب مخططات الشحن الذکية التحميل الزائد وتنقل معظم الشحن إلى ساعات انخفاض التحميل.

Background The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy and its complications, remain very high in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the effects of a malaria health educational intervention based on the information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model on malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes. Methods The study was a randomized controlled parallel-group study, where 372 randomly selected antenatal care attendees were randomly assigned to one of either two groups after collecting baseline data. The intervention group then received a four-hour health education intervention in Hausa language, which was developed based on the IMB model, while the control group received a similarly designed health education on breastfeeding. Follow up data were then collected from the participants at a first (2 months post-intervention) and second (4 months post-intervention) follow up, and at the end of their pregnancies. Results For both groups, reported ITN use had increased from baseline (Intervention: Often–14.0%, Almost always–9.1; Control: Often–12.4%; Almost always 16.1%) to the time of second follow up (Intervention: Often –28.10%, Almost always–24.5; Control: Often–17.2%; Almost always 19.5%). Reported IPTp uptake at second follow up was also higher for the intervention group (Intervention: Two doses–59.0%, Three doses 22.3%; Control group: Two doses–48.4%, Three doses–7.0%). The drop in the haematocrit levels was greater for the control group (32.42% to 30.63%) compared to the intervention group (33.09% to 31.93%). The Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) analysis revealed that the intervention had significantly improved reported ITN use, reported IPTp uptake, and haematocrit levels, but had no significant effect on the incidence of reported malaria diagnosis or babies’ birth weights. Conclusions The intervention was effective in improving ITN use, IPTp uptake, and haematocrit levels. It is, therefore, recommended for the modules to be adopted and incorporated into the routine antenatal care programmes in health centres with predominantly Hausa speaking clients. Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR201610001823405. Registered 26 October 2016, www.pactr.org.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a global health problem characterized by decreased in bone mineral density (BMD) and progressive deterioration of microarchitecture and subsequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. More than 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide with about 8.9 million fractures and the prevalence rate of osteoporosis is expected to increase significantly in the future because of increased in life expectancy and aging population. Milk-derived bioactive peptides from cow, goat, sheep, buffalo, and camel exhibit several potential health promoting effect including antiosteoporosis, antihypertensive, antioxidative, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Epidemiological and intervention studies have shown that milk and milk-derived peptides prevented bone loss in pre- and postmenopausal women. Moreover, quite a lot of studies have reported that milk-derived bioactive peptides can induce osteoblast cell proliferation, differentiation and also prevented bone loss in osteoporotic rats model. Thus, milk-derived peptides exhibits beneficial effect against bone-related diseases and can be of particular interest towards prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hence, the present review summarizes various studies using ISI, SCOPUS and PubMed indexed journals to elucidate the potential role of milk-derived bioactive peptides with in vitro and in vivo antiosteoporotic property

The purpose of this study aimed to evaluate the potential and performance of Lactobacillus plantarum 1 UHCC (L.plantarum 1UHCC) bacteria as bio-hydrolyzer of the food industry in Indonesia. As much as 100g of fresh hide from Balinese cattle were used as a substrate. The fermentation time was carried out at 3 time levels, namely: 24 hours (T-24); 48 hours (T-48) and 72 hours (T-72). The bacteria were used L.plantarum which was isolated from milkfish extract. The results showed that in the solution of L.plantarum bacteria using collagen substrate of cattle hide, pH values were increased and the lactic acid levels were decreased significantly. The pH value and the lactic acid level of the solution were respectively around 5.77±0.03-6.13±0.02 and 1.65±0.26-2.02±0.05%. The total bacteria has increased and dissolved protein has decreased for fermentation time, but in general it is not significant. Total bacteria and dissolved proteins respectively 4.5±0.98-5.5±2.29 Log10CFU/mL and 36.98±3.37-40.25±1.54 mg/mL. The application of 24 hours (T-24) fermentation time to L.plantarum bacteria using collagen substrate of cattle hide skin was considered as the optimum time to be applied in the fermentation process. Bacteria L.plantarum 1UHCC has the ability to hydrolyze collagen protein components, especially collagen extracts from cattle hide. Bacteria L.plantarum 1UHCC has the potential to be developed as a bio-hydrolyzer organism. Bacteria L.plantarum 1UHCC plays a very important role in the development of the food industry, especially in Indonesia. Keywords: Bacteria, Cattle hide, Collagen, Fermentation, L.plantarum 1UHCC

Objectives: To assess performance of the age-adapted SOFA score in children admitted into Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) and whether the SOFA score can compete with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in diagnosing sepsis, as recommended in the Sepsis-3 consensus definitions. Methods: Two-centre prospective observational study in 281 children admitted to the PICU. We calculated the SOFA, Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM), and Pediatric Index of Mortality-2 (PIM2) scores and assessed for the presence of SIRS at admission. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Results: The SOFA score was higher in nonsurvivors (P

The livestock farming industry is a strategic industry and has a very important potential for the advancement of the agricultural industry. The livestock farming industry is an industry that plays a role in providing protein food for most of the world’s population. Not only as a food provider, but also having a very large contribution to the progress of agricultural cultivation in the world. The livestock industry contributes part of the needs of the agricultural industry through the provision of environmentally friendly organic fertilizers. The integration of the livestock farming industry and the agricultural industry is a mutually supportive system. The integration of plants with livestock is basically an agricultural system characterized by a close relationship between plant and livestock components in a farm in a certain area. The bio-mass waste products from the agricultural industry can be used as a source of animal feed or as raw material for compost. The combination of the livestock industry with the agricultural industry provides enormous economic value for the development of the livestock and agricultural sectors. In Indonesia, the concept of integration between the livestock industry and the agricultural industry has been proven to improve the standard of living and economic status of the community. Some important materials will be discussed in more depth in this paper, including: (1) integration between livestock and rice, (2) integration between goats and cacao plants, (3) integration of livestock with oil palm, (4) integration of ruminants with cassava plants, and (5) integration of cattle with horticultural crops. Utilization of livestock and agricultural waste can reduce environmental burdens. Livestock farming industrial waste in the form of manure can be combined with agricultural wastes. This waste can be used as raw material for organic fertilizers which can be used as a fertilizer provider to support the cultivation of food crops, horticulture and plantations. The development of livestock in an area can encourage farmers to fill their vacant land to be planted with forage. Guidance efforts that will be carried out will be oriented towards land conservation. This is done through the arrangement of forage planting. Therefore, this will have a positive impact on increasing forage production. This effort will ultimately support the improvement of feeding patterns, proper land arrangement and being able to reduce the rate of erosion. The existence of livestock will add a source of manure. This is certainly synonymous with increasing land fertility which can provide business opportunities in optimizing land use diversification. The role of livestock in the livestock industry is the main support and complement in the system of integration in the livestock industry-agricultural industry.

Background Neonatal sepsis is occasionally associated with abnormal plasma glucose level, but data in full-term and late-preterm neonates is limited. Our aim was to determine prevalence and prognostic value of plasma glucose abnormalities among these patients. Results We conducted a prospective observational study of 174 full-term and late-preterm neonates with culture-proven or possible sepsis. Plasma glucose level was measured upon neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. The primary outcome was NICU mortality. Hyperglycemia occurred in 12.6%, while hypoglycemia occurred in 10.9% of infants with sepsis. The mortality rate was 36.4%, 47.4%, and 16.5% among infants with hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and normoglycemia respectively (P = 0.002). Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were independent predictors of mortality [adjusted OR and 95% CI = 2.89 (1.03–8.13) and 3.86 (1.32–11.26) respectively]. Mechanical ventilation rate was higher among the hypoglycemia subgroup compared with both the hyperglycemia and normoglycemia subgroups (P = 0.046), but glycemic status was not associated with the length of NICU stay. Hypoglycemia was also associated with a lower platelet count (P = 0.015). Conclusion Plasma glucose abnormalities are not uncommon in neonatal sepsis. Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia could be utilized for mortality prediction. Besides, hypoglycemia was associated with a higher mechanical ventilation rate. However, these associations might not be causal.

The expansion of e-commerce dramatically changes the spending patterns which are found a significant number of impulse buying. Practical method and easy way to buy specific goods from e-commerce might be an important factor why customers spent their money more impulsively. Researches on this phenomenon showed that psychological values emerged from religiusity condition and self-interest encouragement play as self-regulation for controlling impulsive buying behavior. Viewed from Islamic economic perspective, this study seeks to configurate self-interest (al-nafs) into three levels namely al-nafs al-ammarah, al-nafs al-lawwamah, and al-nafs al-muthmainnah when al-nafs involved in online impulse buying. The first two layers of al-nafs refer to the level of self-interest which are material oriented, whereas the last one represents the highest level of self-interest which is spiritual oriented. By employing 134 repondents from e-commerce customers in Jakarta, the research findings revealed that there was no relationship between religiusity and al-nafs al-ammarah and al-nafs al-lawwamah. However, al-nafs al-ammarah (sig.= 0.000) and al-nafs al-lawwamah (sig.=0.040) positively influenced impulse buying. Meanwhile, there was strong relationship between religiusity and al-nafs al-muthmainnah (sig.= 0.000) in which this highest level of self-interest did not have relationship with impulse buying. These research findings have important implications that in order to regulate impulsive buying behavior, customers should control their self-interest and make it to be al-nafs al-muthmainnah.

This present study contribute to provide a simple technology to early detect the phenomenon of spontaneous coal combustion. A new prototype is designated to detect the CO gas formation as a product of initial coal oxidation. Moreover, several parameters including coal quality, coal weight sample, ambient temperature, and air flow were employed to investigate the effects of each parameter to the CO formation time. The results show that the coal characterisation have a significant effect in the CO formation time where the coal having a higher fixed carbon and high gross calorific values provide the high liability of spontaneous coal combustion. However, these finding only occurred in low weight sample where in the high coal weight sample only fixed carbon plays the main role in determining the CO formation time. Furthermore, the prototype ambient temperature become the important parameter in the boosting of CO formation time where airflow only enhance the CO formation time in low temperature condition (below 29°C). Moreover, these findings opens a new sight in coal management, especially in Indonesia, where controlling the coal and atmosphere temperature could effectively prevent the spontaneous coal combustion especially in coal stockpile. Nevertheless, the other factor including airflow and coal weight sample also need perfect controlling because all of these factors potentially create a perfect environment to combust the coal spontaneously.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the energy intensity decomposition in the textile industry subsector of Indonesia at level 2 and 3 KBLI. This is because of its usefulness in measuring energy efficiency. However, energy decomposition has not been able to accurately reflect the efficiency that occurs in the industrial sector. Since the results gotten from the calculation of energy intensity contains components of structural factors, there is need for the analysis of the changes in the composition of output caused by activities or a combination of output and energy intensity components. Energy intensity approach and the Time Series technique through the use of log mean divisia index I method was used in this study to determine the effect of structural and intensity factors on changes in aggregate energy intensity in the textile industry sector in Indonesia. The results showed that the energy intensity of the textile industry between 2006 and 2014 experienced a downward trend, but the structural factors were more dominant than the intensity factor. Therefore, there is need for structural factors in energy intensity decomposition of the textile industry sector so as to be able to save energy.Keywords: Energy Intensity, Structural Effect, Intensity Effect; Decomposition, Textile Industry, IndonesiaJEL Classifications: L67, Q4DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7457

One attempt to increase the recovery of oil from a reservoir is by injecting the surfactant. Surfactant is used for lowered tension interfaces (interfacial tension) between oil and water so able bring oil exit pores reservoir. It is a good opportunity for develop type surfactant based oil vegetable that is from oil seed rubber. As known from the chemical composition in oil seed rubber contain olein amounted to 39.45 % wt, which is almost approaching value olein from petrochemicals based by 40.7 %. For produce suitable surfactants with characteristics required by oil industry, then do formulation with combine MES surfactant produced with ingredients additives other as appropriate to produce a capable formula for give best performance to be applied on oil industry. From the test result, the MES from the rubber seed oil obtained has fulfilled the surfactant requirement with the value from soaking % crude oil recovery value is 0,815 % - 3,91 % with the best value is 3,91 %, pH value is 7,2 -8,2, density value is 1,006 - 1,065, the compability test result, both catalyst can be used because there is no difference and show positive results that there is no precipitate and clear colored of MES surfactant and also for Interfacial Tension test result is 0.373 - 0.254 dyne/cm.

Introduction: Alterations in thyroid hormones during critical illness, known as non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), were suggested to have a prognostic value. However, paediatric data is limited. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and prognostic value of NTIS among critically ill children. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study conducted on 70 critically ill children admitted into paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured within 24 h of PICU admission. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Results: NTIS occurred in 62.9% of patients but it took several forms. The commonest pattern was low FT3 with normal FT4 and TSH (25.7% of patients). Combined decrease in FT3, FT4, and TSH levels occurred in 7.1% of patients. An unusual finding of elevated TSH was noted in three patients, which might be related to disease severity. Low FT4 was significantly more prevalent among non-survivors compared with survivors (50% versus 19.2%, P = .028). NTIS independently predicted mortality (OR = 3.91; 95% CI = 1.006–15.19; P = .0491). Concomitant decrease in FT3, FT4, and TSH was the best independent predictor of mortality (OR = 16.9; 95% CI = 1.40–203.04; P = .026). TSH was negatively correlated with length of PICU stay (rs = —0.35, P = .011). FT3 level was significantly lower among patients who received dopamine infusion compared with those who did not receive it (2.1 ± 0.66 versus 2.76 ± 0.91 pg/mL, P = .011). Conclusion: NTIS is common among critically ill children and appears to be associated with mortality and illness severity. Resumen: Introducción: Se ha sugerido que las alteraciones en las hormonas tiroideas ocurridas en pacientes con enfermedad crítica, fenómeno conocido como síndrome del enfermo eutiroideo (SEE), pueden tener valor pronóstico. No obstante, los datos en población pediátrica son escasos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia y el valor pronóstico del SEE en niños críticos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional en 70 niños críticos ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Se determinaron los niveles de triyodotironina libre (T3L), tiroxina libre (T4L) y tirotropina (TSH) en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso. La variable de resultado principal fue la mortalidad a los 30 días. Resultados: Se observó SEE en el 62,9% de los pacientes, aunque adoptó formas diversas. El patrón más frecuente fue un nivel bajo de T3L con niveles normales de T4L y TSH (25,7% de los pacientes). La combinación de valores bajos de T3L, T4L, y TSH ocurrió en el 7,1% de los pacientes. Hubo un hallazgo inusual de TSH elevada en 3 pacientes que podría estar asociado a la gravedad de la enfermedad. Los valores bajos de T4L se observaron con una frecuencia significativamente mayor en pacientes fallecidos en comparación con supervivientes (50% versus 19,2%, p = 0,028). El SEE predijo la mortalidad de manera independiente (OR = 3,91; IC 95% = 10,06–15,19; p = 0,0491). La combinación de niveles bajos de T3L, T4L, y TSH fue el mejor factor pronóstico independiente de mortalidad (OR = 16,9; IC 95% = 1,40–203,04; p = 0,026). Se observó una correlación negativa entre la TSH y la duración de la estancia en la UCIP (rs = —0,35; p = 0,011). El valor de T3L fue significativamente menor en pacientes tratados con perfusión de dopamina, comparados con pacientes que no la recibieron (2,1 ± 0,66 versus 2,76 ± 0,91 pg/ml, p = 0,011). Conclusión: El SEE es común en niños críticos y parece estar asociado a la mortalidad y la gravedad de la enfermedad.

Background COVID-19 has stroke Brazil harshly, deaths by COVID-19 in Brazil represent almost 13% of the total deaths by COVID-19 in the world, even though Brazilian population represents only 2.6% of the world population. Our aim in this study was to evaluate death and intubation outcomes and risk factors associated with COVID-19, and treatment options focusing on diabetes patients and the use of metformin pre-admission and during hospitalization. Methods In this Brazilian single-center study we evaluated 1170 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Diabetes patients (n = 188) were divided based on their use of pre-hospital and in-hospital metformin (non-met-group and met-group). Results In the total cohort most comorbidities were risk factors for orotracheal intubation and death. The use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine was significantly associated with increased death and intubation risk in uni- and multivariate analysis. Diabetes patients showed worst clinical feature compared with non-diabetes patients. In-hospital non-met-group had increased mortality (20.5%) compared to met-group (3.5%) (p = 0.0002) and univariable cox proportion hazard regression indicated in-hospital metformin reduced mortality (HR = 0.325, p = 0.035). Patients that used pre-hospital metformin showed lower severity parameters at hospital admission. (met-group: 2.45 ± 2.5; non-met-group: 4.25 ± 3.4). In all the groups older patients showed more severe clinical conditions and high risk of death and intubation. Conclusion Even though this is a single-center study, results from other reports have shown a similar trend, indicating that patients that used metformin during hospitalization have a better prognosis and reduced risk of death.

International audience; The properties of butanol offer more promising results compared to those of lower chain alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. However, butanol as a biofuel has not yet been commercially produced due to its costly process. Butanol is generally produced via the process of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation and can only be acquired after it was recovered from the ABE solvent. Despite the efforts and recent developments, obtaining higher butanol concentration from ABE fermentation is still relatively expensive and challenging. The idea of using ABE directly in internal combustion engines is then proposed to eliminate the recovery process. Several preliminary studies have reported several promising results of using ABE blends in both gasoline and diesel engines. However, researches in this area are still in the early stages, and thorough investigations are required. This review paper aims to provide essential findings from the latest development in the addition of ABE both with gasoline and diesel fuel in Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engines. A brief discussion on ABE properties will be firstly given before the effects of its addition on SI and CI engine is comprehensively reviewed. The end of this article highlights some possible contributions and research gaps.

This research was based on research conducted by the author on 30 respondents jumputan business in Palembang. This research was conducted within 6 months, where the research was conducted using the SPPS 17 program. From the results of SPSS 17 calculations, the PLS-SEM equation is obtained as follows: Capital = 0.469 * HR + 0.290 * Skills, Performance = 0.353 * HR + 0.316 * Skill + 0.261 * Capital. The direct effect of each variable is as follows: Human Resources has a significant effect on Capital. Likewise, the effect of significant Skills on Capital. While the influence of Human Resources is significant on Performance. And the influence of Skills is significant on Performance. Indirect Effects (Indirect Effects) Significant Human Resources on performance mediated by venture capital Crafters of jumping business in Palembang there are no Indirect Effects (Indirect Effedan cts) Skills on performance mediated by the business capital of the business of the business of the business of the Jumping business in Palembang Keywords : Human Resources, Skills, Capital, and Performance

Background Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) −308 G>A promoter polymorphism might be associated with excessive production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, modulating host response to pulmonary infections. Our objective was to evaluate the association of TNF-α gene −308 G>A polymorphism with susceptibility to, and severity of, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results This was a cross-sectional study including 45 Egyptian children hospitalized for CAP in addition to 45 healthy children who served as a control group. Pneumonia severity was assessed on admission by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines; Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS) score; Predisposition, Infection, Response and Organ failure (PIROm) score; and Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) score. Genotyping of TNF-α polymorphism was performed to all individuals by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Patients were monitored till hospital discharge. Frequency of AG genotype was lower among patients compared with control [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13 (0.03–0.63); p = 0.012]. Prevalence of genotypes AA+AG was lower among patients compared with controls [OR and 95% CI = 0.34 (0.12–0.99); p = 0,048]. The “A” allele prevalence was higher among controls, but no significant association was found with CAP [OR and 95% CI = 0.58 (0.25–1.35); p = 0.21]. When PRESS score was used to classify patients into “severe pneumonia” and “non-severe pneumonia,” no significant association of any of the alleles or genotypes with CAP severity was found. Conclusion TNF-α −308 G>A polymorphism confers protection from pediatric CAP but is not associated with indicators of CAP severity. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings in pediatric patients from different ethnicities.

To assess the value of Presepsin and Pentraxin3 measurement in critically ill children.Prospective observational study conducted on 80 children admitted into Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and 80 healthy controls. Patients were evaluated for presence of sepsis. Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM2) were calculated. Serum Presepsin and Pentraxin3 were measured within 24 h of admission.Presepsin and Pentraxin3 were significantly higher among the whole patient cohort and among septic patients compared with controls (p 0.001) but no difference was found between septic and non-septic patients. Pentraxin3, but not Presepsin, was significantly higher among non-survivors compared with survivors (p = 0.048) and was correlated with PIM2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that Pentraxin3 had an AUC of 0.631 for prediction of mortality which was comparable to that of PRISM and PIM2. Presepsin was associated with a higher rate of mechanical ventilation and longer PICU stay.Presepsin and Pentraxin3 are acute phase proteins potentially useful for monitoring critically ill children and diagnosing sepsis. Pentraxin3 is associated with mortality but modestly discriminates survivors from non-survivors. Presepsin is associated with certain indicators of disease severity. Larger studies are certainly required.

Genetic factors contribute significantly to type 1 diabetes (T1D) etiology. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD226 gene (rs763361 CT) has been associated with T1D susceptibility in European patients, but data from other populations is limited. Our aim was to study the contribution of this polymorphism to T1D susceptibility among Egyptian children.A case-control study including 74 children with T1D and 82 healthy children as a control group. Genotyping of CD226 gene polymorphism was performed for all participants by DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.The frequency of T allele was 78.4% in patients and 68.3% in controls (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.01-2.8; P=0.046). TT, TC, and CC genotypes were found in 62.2%, 32.4%, and 5.4% of the patients, respectively, and in 41.5%, 53.7%, and 4.9% of controls, respectively. Under the recessive model, TT genotype was significantly associated with T1D risk (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.21-4.41; P=0.010). The mean age at diabetes onset was significantly lower in patients carrying T allele compared with C allele (8.03±3.8 year vs. 10.5±2.54 year; P0.001) and among those with TT genotype compared with the pooled TC+CC genotypes (7.5±2.6 year vs. 10.6±2.6 year; P0.001). No significant difference was found between genotypes or alleles regarding the HbA1c level.T allele and TT genotype of the CD226 rs763361 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to T1D and with a lower age of disease onset among Egyptian children.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important childhood killer. Excessive production of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), might be associated with severe disease course but pediatric data is limited. Aim: To assess value of IL-6 in predicting CAP severity in children. Methods: A prospective study conducted on 73 children hospitalized for CAP and 15 healthy controls. Pneumonia severity was evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, Respiratory Index of Severity Score (RISC), Predisposition, Insult, Response, Organ dysfunction modified (PIROm score), and Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS). Serum IL-6 was measured within 24 h of admission. The primary outcome was occurrence of any pneumonia complications or death within 30 days. Results: IL-6 was significantly higher among patients compared with controls. Unlike CRP, IL-6 was significantly higher among children with severe pneumonia as determined by WHO, PRESS, and RISC (p = 0.001 for all). IL-6 was significantly higher among children with PICU admission, mechanical ventilation, shock (p = 0.001 for all), hypoxia (p

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of banks in Indonesia. Specifically, this study has examined the static effect of ownership structure on bank performance in Indonesia over the period 1995–2006. The sample consists of 74 banks, namely 56 private banks, 15 community development banks (BPD), and three federal banks from 1995 to 2006. The data was analyzed using least-squares regression method, the general least squares method, and the method of random effects. The findings of this study show that the BPD performed better compared to private banks. This indicates that BPDs have better performance rather than private banks which is due to the fact that customers can be able to pay loans, they have special knowledge on that area and the performance of BPD is supervised by local government. In addition, the amount of equity, economic growth, financial crisis, and the financial ratios affect the performance of the bank. However, bank status has no effect on bank performance.

Kungkilan River is under the administration of West Merapi Sub-district, Lahat, which is potential to degrade its water quality, resulted from the activity of coal mining. This research is aimed to analyze the quality of water in Kungkilan River in every segment of coal mining campany and proposing a recommendation of management strategy of river pollution. This research applied the descriptive analysis with the quantitative approach using sample survey method. The analysis of the recommendation of management strategy of river pollution was conducted through SWOT method. The sample of water in Kungkilan River was collected from 5 station. The sample of waste water was collected from 7 spots of Sludge Sedimentation Pond of the coal mining campany. It was collected during the dry and rainy season. It can be concluded that the quality of water in Kungkilan River has been degrading right after streaming through the area of coal mining. In the dry season, each segment meets the calculation of the capacity of water pollution for TSS parameter, while in the rainy season, segment IV exceeds the capacity. In the rainy season, the quality of water in Kungkilan River in the station S-02, S-03 and S-04 encounters a self-purification process, while in Station S-05 is in the condition of moderate pollution. Based on hose finding, it is recommended that the management strategy of Kungkilan River pollution can be conducted through having research on the determination of water classification and the capacity of water pollution in Kungkilan River and supervising the quality of water periodically and continually; improving the frequency of supervision by PPLH/PPLHD personnel and functionally; moving the water disposal canal to other spots and conducting vegetation; regulating law administratively, both civil and criminal law, to the companies violating the regulation of water pollution management; and benefitting the CSR program of the company. Keywords: Kungkilan River, the quality of river, management strategy. Abstrak (Indonesian): Sungai Kungkilan berada di wilayah administrasi Kecamatan Merapi Barat, Kabupaten Lahat yang berpotasi terjadi penurunan kualitas air akibat kegiatan pertambangan batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Kungkilan di setiap segmen perusahaan pertambangan batubara, serta memberikan rekomendasi strategi pengendalian pencemaran air sungai. Penelitian ini memakai analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sample survey method , dan analisis rekomendasi strategi pengendalian pencemaran air dengan metode SWOT. Pengambilan sampel air Sungai Kungkilan dilakukan di 5 stasiun, dan sampel air limbah dan/atau air limpasan dari di outlet Kolam Pengendap Lumpur (KPL) lokasi perusahaan pertambangan batubara berjumlah 8 dan 7 titik. Pengambilan sampel air limbah dan atau air limpasan, dan air Sungai Kungkilan dilakukan pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas air Sungai Kungkilan telah terjadi penuruan setelah melintasi kegiatan pertambangan batubara, Perhitungan daya tampung beban pencemaran air untuk parameter TSS, pada musim kemarau di setiap segmen masih memenuhi daya tampung, namun pada musim penghujan di segmen IV telah melebihi daya tampung. Status mutu air Sungai Kungkilan di stasiun S-02, S-03, dan S-04 pada musim penghujan terjadi proses self purification , sedangkan di stasiun S-05 tetap dalam kondisi cemar sedang. Rekomendasi strategi pengendalian pencemaran air Sungai Kungkilan, yaitu: melakukan kajian penetapan kelas air dan daya tampung beban pencemaran air Sungai Kungkilan, serta pemantauan kualitas air secara periode dan kontinu; peningkatan frekuensi kegiatan pengawasan oleh personil PPLH dan/atau PPLHD dan berstatus fungsional; pemindahan saluran pembuangan air limbah ke badan air lainnya dan pelaksanaan revegetasi; penerapan sanksi penegakan hukum baik secara administratif, perdata dan/atau pidana bagi perusahaan pelanggar peraturan pengendalian pencemaran air; dan pemanfaatan program CSR perusahaan. Katakunci: Sungai Kungkilan, kualitas air sungai, strategi pengendalian .

Plasma lactate has been used to predict the prognosis of critically ill children, but mortality risk scores appear to be more appealing, particularly in resource-limited countries.To assess the prognostic utility of lactate compared with the pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score among the general pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) population.This was a prospective observational study including 78 children admitted to a tertiary-level PICU. Plasma lactate was measured upon admission and repeated 24h later. pSOFA score, Pediatric Risk of Mortality, and Pediatric Index of Mortality-2 (PIM2) were calculated. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.In total, 47.4% of patients had hyperlactatemia at admission. Among these, 20.5% had persistent hyperlactatemia. No significant difference in admission lactate level was found between survivors and nonsurvivors. The 24-h, peak, and average lactate levels were higher among nonsurvivors (P=0.005, 0.035, and 0.019, respectively). The 24-h lactate level and pSOFA score were independent predictors of mortality (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval=1.12 [1.02-1.23] and 1.80 [1.23-2.64], respectively]. The 24-h lactate level showed positive correlations with pSOFA, PRISM, and PIM2 (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.31, 0.23, 0.43; P=0.006, P=0.047, P0.001, respectively). The 24-h lactate level had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.77 (P=0.013) for mortality prediction, while admission, peak, and average lactate level had an AUC of 0.69, 0.69, 0.71 (P=0.086, P=0.035, P=0.019), respectively. PIM2, PRISM, and pSOFA score had an AUC of 0.80, 0.78, 0.82 (P=0.001, P=0.001, and P0.001), respectively. Combining 24-h lactate level with pSOFA demonstrated superior performance (AUC=0.88).Both 24-h lactate level and pSOAF are useful for prediction of mortality. Incorporating the 24-h lactate level into the pSOFA Score achieved superior prognostic utility.

The objective of this study was to hold directors accountable for company losses, the existence of business judgment rule in positive law, and the application of Business Judgment Rule as Legal Protection of the Board of Directors in Corruption Cases. The data obtained was presented analytically descriptively where the facts were described and later analyzed based on the laws and rules applicable in Indonesia as well as the theories. The accountability of the directors of State-Owned Enterprises for the company’s losses could be classified as acts that harm the state’s finances that include administrative, civil, and criminal responsibilities. The existence of business judgment rule doctrine in positive law had been regulated in Article 97 paragraph (5) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies but had not been regulated technically related to the procedures for its application. The application of the business judgment rule doctrine as the protection of directors of State-Owned Enterprises in corruption cases should be used as material for consideration related to the removal of the defendant’s fault.

High Frequency (HF) communication systems uses the ionosphere to reflect signals from the source (S) to the destination (D) on earth. Variation of the height of the earth’s ionosphere layer causes the received signal also to fluctuate and affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination. To maintain the SNR remains good value at the destination, cooperative communication system can be a solution. In cooperative communication system, all sources cooperate and coordinate with the relay (R) to improve the quality of the signal at the destination. In this communication system, the destination receives two signals, each derived from source and from relay. This paper divides the simulation observation time into 3 categories, namely midnight to dawn (00:00 and 04:00), morning to noon (08:00 and 12:00) and afternoon to evening (16:00 and 20: 00). In all categories of midnight to dawn, morning to noon and afternoon to evening, cooperative communication systems with maximal ratio combining (S - R - D) provide greater diversity gain than non cooperative communication systems (S - R - D).

The current phenomenon in the world of politics is flooded with families of politicians who run for politics. Where the next cabinet will be dominated by young people. On the other hand, a young politician, although included in the scope of a political dynasty, shows that young people are not politically apathetic. And to continue to exist in the world of politics, personal branding is needed where every candidate for politicians must build a name or reputation which means creating a "brand" or public perception of them. Bobby Nasution as one of the candidates for the mayor of Medan 2020 tries to create positive personal branding among the people of Medan. This study aims to determine how the public opinion on the personal brand of the 2020 Medan Mayor Candidates. This type of research uses quantitative descriptive research. The population in this study were the people of Tanjung Selamat Subdistrict, Medan Tuntung District, with 100 people as the sample in the study. Data collection techniques in this study were observations and questionnaires (questionnaires). Data analysis in this research is a single table analysis. This research was conducted in the environment III Tanjung Selamat, Medan Tuntung District. When this research was conducted in July 2020. The results of the study, namely personal branding, aim to obtain perceptions that give rise to a positive reputation for the individual. But in fact, the personal brand Bobby Nasution tends to be less than optimal in the Tanjung Selamat Community. This research concludes that Bobby Nasution's brand as a candidate for Mayor of Medan in 2020 raises public opinion and raises the pros and cons of society.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Third Party Funds (TPF), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Operation Cost Operating Income (OCOI), Net Operating Margin (NOM), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation and Return on Asset (ROA) as a proxy of Islamic bank’s profitability in Indonesia during 2011-2014 periods. The population of study was Sharia banking (BS) in Indonesia. Time series data from Indonesian Banking Statistics 2011-2014 were used as the primary data. Multiple linear regression was applied as method of analysis. The result shows that CAR, NPF, FDR and NOM did not affect profitability, while TPF, OCOI had negative effect on profitability. Meanwhile, GDP and inflation variable had significant effect with positive direction. Keywords: Sharia bank, ROA, TPF, NPF and inflation. JEL Classification: G21, E31

To evaluate the value of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in diagnosing sepsis and predicting mortality in critically ill children. In a prospective cohort study, 69 critically ill children admitted into the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were randomly enrolled in addition to 15 healthy children as a control group. Clinical examination was performed, including calculation of the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Index of Mortality2 (PIM2). suPAR was measured in patients at admission as well as in the controls. Patients were followed up for 30 d. suPAR level was significantly higher among the total patient cohort compared to controls (p

Two-stroke engines are far simpler than four-stroke engines from a physical perspective. For a given brake output, two-stroke engines are lighter, easier to work on, and provide higher power-to-weight ratio than four-stroke engines, making them suitable for small platform applications. However, conventional two-stroke engines have a reputation for generating smoke and unburned fuel, meaning they may not meet many emissions regulations, now enforced around the world. Thus, for many decades two-stroke engines have not been not favored, giving way to four-stroke engines for dominant applications, especially for mobile power-generation purposes. In the quest to improve the potential of such an engine, a group of researchers from the Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), has developed a 125 cc, air-cooled stepped-piston engine to demonstrate the higher power-to-weight ratio feature, apart from overcoming emission reduction. The engine is designed to mitigate the problem of mixture short circuiting, which is the major hindrance to combustion efficiency. To this end, they have incorporated a three-port stratification strategy into the engine. This paper provides an overview related to the earlier work done to integrate the necessary features and highlights some of the performance features of this unique engine design.

PKM Livestock Farmers Group in Lempang Village Barru District has been conducted on two partnersnamely Sikapa Livestock Group and Livestock Group Padaelo in Tanete Riaja District which lasts from July to September 2018. The technology applied by the team is the manufacture of UKKMB blocks feed supplement and probiotic fermentation straw on. This activity aims to improve the skills of members of livestock groups in the application of livestock technology, especially in the manufacture of feed. The productivity of Bali cattle needs to be improved through the provision of quality feed as one of the problems found. The implementation method is in the form of training (theory and practicum), action review, mentoring and application of feed products to Bali cattle in a cage. Making modified feed supplements in the form of UMMB into Urea Water Collagen Coconut Multinutrient Block (UKKMB) and probiotic fermented rice straw is the main product tried in Bali cattle at home. The provision of block supplement feed in Bali cattle increases appetite and feed consumption. The results of the activity showed that UKKMB and probiotic fermented rice straw could solve the problem of the availability of feed in the cage and the increase in cattle weight.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to study the public awareness on the consumption of green products. It begins with the community’s increased interest in the environment, arising from their desire to help in the reduction of the impact of environmental damage by becoming an intelligent consumer. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted through a survey method using customers of Unilever. The sample result was determined by the purposive sampling of about 225 customers in Jakarta and its surrounding areas. Both programs succeeded simultaneously, helped with the building of a green corporate image, which shows the green marketing implementation, its marketing strategy and its corporate social responsibility program which is highly beneficial and memorable to the community. Findings: The research was conducted within the available region and a limited sample from manufacturing firms to make it a little bit less unspecific to findings. More consumers and communities should be invited to care for the environment. They should also have the ability to prove and commit to the community in the implementation of their corporate social responsibility program in order to minimize the environmental impact of not just the corporate image of the company, but also their operational processes. Practical Implications: Green marketing implementation into marketing strategy and corporate social responsibility program bring benefit, high imperative to the community, and positive value to the company's green image. Originality/Value: The study would enable the company to become a key driver in green marketing initiatives, potentially leading to the creation of new economic growth, a green environment and help improve public health., peer-reviewed

Currently the detection of learning styles from the external aspect has not produced optimal results. This research tries to solve the problem by using an internal approach. The internal approach is one that derives from the personality of the learner. One of the personality traits that each learner possesses is prior knowledge. This research starts with the prior knowledge generation process using the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) method. LSI is a technique using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to find meaning in a sentence. LSI works to generate the prior knowledge of each learner. After the prior knowledge is raised, then one can predict learning style using the artificial neural network (ANN) method. The results of this study are more accurate than the results of detection conducted with an external approach.

In this work, e-learning is used to increase learners 'motivation and competence in addition to learning complementary environment. This work is based on of the 7-years of hybrid e-learning classes on Operating System, Computer Network, Network Security, Network Management subjects at 3 Indonesian universities, namely, Surya University, STKIP Surya, and IBI Darmajaya. Most of STKIP Surya's students are from Papua and need more attention and motivation than others. Relaxed assessment processes are performed on each module in addition to mid term and final exams. On average, there are 12-18 modules in each subject matter. To motivate the learners, they may perform as many exams as ones' wish to attained the highest possible mark within the semester on all exams and quizzes. Relaxed assessment processes to attained maximum grades seems to increase the learners' motivation as some learners' retrying in exceeding 50 times for the 100 questions final shown in the Level of Competency (LoC) measurement. In addition, to anticipate, any cheating, eliminate remedial and cost savings, all exams are done on moodle via web. Such method of a whole semester relaxed assessment equipped with about 2000-6000 questions bank per subject and is for the first time performed in Indonesia. This study is also found an increase in the majority of learner's understanding on the subject is very good without remedial. Thus, e-learning seems not only complement learning processes but also able to motivate and to improve the competence of learners as well creating healthy competitive environment among learners.

One way to optimize online learning is by a personalized approach. One of the personalized models for online learning is knowing the learning styles of the learners. This is because learning styles that have been adopted in the early detection of learning can help learners follow a more optimal path in online learning. Currently the method used to detect learning styles uses a questionnaire, behaviour and datadriven. But the result of learning style detection of VARK by using all three methods of accuracy value is still below 70%. This is because the detection process does not take into account the prior knowledge side. Each learner must have different prior knowledge. Differences in prior knowledge can be the basis for detecting learning styles. There are three stages that are used to determine learning style, that is: construct prior knowledge, determination of level of knowledge and prediction of learning style. The stages of prior knowledge generation involve using online assessment and evaluation using the Weighted BLEU (WB) method. WB is a method that has the ability to detect learning answer. The learning answer will be indication level of prior knowledge. After prior knowledge is generated, the result of an assessment value determines the level of knowledge. Furthermore, the level of knowledge of each learner can be used to predict the VARK learning style of each learner. The learning style prediction process uses an artificial neural network. This research is able to achieve the result of learning style detection of VARK with an 83% accuracy level.

The current online learning model still lacks the personalization that is able to accommodate the needs of learners. One of the learning needs is that the learning model should be in accordance with the learning style. Currently the automated detection of learning style have two approaches, namely data driven and literature based. Both approaches focus on retrieving data from the interaction of learners with the system. The interaction of the learners with the system becomes the initial data to determine the learning style. However, the learner interaction approach to this system only has an accuracy value below 80 %. One of the causes of lack of accuracy in learning style detection is that it does not take into account the possession of prior knowledge of each learner. Prior knowledge is the knowledge and skills of the learners who are expected to have the basis of determining learning styles. This is because prior knowledge has four levels: Knowledge of Fact, Knowledge of Meaning, Integration of Knowledge and Application of Knowledge that are closely related to learning style. This study proposes a smart learning model using prior knowledge to detect learning styles. There are three stages used in this research: 1. Generating prior knowledge by using the assessment with Weight Cosine Coefficient (WCC) algorithm 2. Measuring the prior knowledge of each learner, where the result of this measurement is named Level of Knowledge (LOK) and the last is prediction of learning style possessed by mapping.

This paper aims to test the acceptance of voice commands on Easy Voice Recognition module by using four most popular languages outside the default language of the module. The languages are Indonesian, Chinese, Korean, and Arabic. This experiment is done by creating and developing an experiment unit based on the Easy Voice Recognition module. The results of this test are (1) Indonesian language is well recognized with worst pronunciation at a distance of 300 centimeters with a percentage of success 67%. The pronounced word is “Nyala”, (2) Chinese (Simplified) is well recognized by the system, the worst pronunciation at a distance of 150 centimeters with a percentage 33%. The pronounced word is “Guanbi”, (3) The Korean language also proved to be well recognized by the system, the worst pronunciation at a distance of 180 centimeters with a percentage 33% The spoken word is “e”, and (4) Arabic also proved to be well recognized by the system, the worst pronunciation at distances of 60, 210, and 270 centimeters with a percentage 67%

A controlled auto-ignition (CAI) two-stroke cycle engine suggests an exceptional aspect and promising future for internal combustion engines (ICEs), such as a higher power-toweight ratio, higher combustion efficiency and lower exhaust gas emissions. Conventional two-stroke cycle engines emit higher exhaust gas emissions and offer lower fuel saving economy. Most of these drawbacks can be addressed if CAI combustion is associated with a two-stroke cycle engine. An experimental investigation is carried out based on a single-cylinder CAI two-stroke cycle engine using Internal and External Exhaust Gas Recirculation (In-EGR and Ex-EGR) and fuels with different octane numbers to investigate the exhaust emissions characteristics. The experimental results indicate a remarkable improvement in the engine's exhaust gas emissions. The concentration of uHC and CO emissions decreased with application of In/Ex-EGR. However, NOx emission increased with the use of In-EGR

The need for fossil fuels and the emissions generated from these fuels are increasing daily. Researchers are concerned with global warming as well as climate change; and energy sustainability and material usages are important issues today. Waste cooking oil (WCO) can be processed into biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace diesel. Production of biodiesel using WCO as the feedstock has been of growing interest for the last two decades. A number of research papers related to the improvements in production, raw materials and catalyst selection have been published. This paper reviews the various types of heterogeneous solid catalyst in the production of biodiesel via the transesterification of WCO. The catalysts used can be classified according to their state presence in the transesterification reaction as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts act in the same liquid phase as the reaction mixture, whereas heterogeneous catalysts act in a solid phase with the reaction mixture. Heterogeneous catalysts are non-corrosive, a green process and environmentally friendly. They can be recycled and used several times, thus offering a more economic pathway for biodiesel production. The advantages and drawbacks of these heterogeneous catalysts are presented. Future work focuses on the application of economically and environmentally friendly solid catalysts in the production of biodiesel using WCO as the raw material.

The currently existing learning style model detection based on prior knowledge can be divided into two approaches, i.e. data-driven and literature-based approach. Both approaches are obtained by collecting data from external factors of learners. External factors are strongly affected by the behavior of learners when accessing e-learning system. On the other hand, internal factors remain unattended, e.g. prior knowledge and skills of learners. Previous researches works employed the Know Want Learn (KWL) technique to revive prior knowledge using Brainstorming and Cognitive Chart. The previous three technique are deemed being less effective and dynamic as the response remains taking a long time and highly subjective. This research proposes a method for reviving prior knowledge based on Bloom's taxonomy. We claim this method more objective as it is derived from the way of the learners acquire their knowledge and skills.

This study aims at exploring the business networks of Shariah rural banks to compete in multi-business competition; the differentiation of BPRS in competitive business environments in building market share; and the domino effects of the Shariah rural bank lending activity in the community development of the rural areas. This study applied qualitative approach with in-depth interview with the manager, financing unit, financed customers and the micro and small enterprises actors, observation and documentation. The findings show that Shariah rural bank developed a market share network using religious emotion, approaching public figures, leaders of Islamic organisations, and individual customers including non-Muslim. SRB applied mosque-based empowerment to train the actors of SMEs, build product innovation and social capital. These differentiation indicates BPRS is not merely a business agent for the sake of economy but also carries out public education, and social function, especially in creating social cohesion, social responsibility and social solidarity and human capital.

The use of liquid smoke as an antioxidant and binder in beef was done in the form of community empowerment in the Cattle Breeders Group in District of Tanete Riaja. The activity aimed to improving the skills of cattle breeder groups in the application of technology in livestock, especially the use of liquid smoke in animal feed. The feed was the primary need for livestock which in certain seasons faced difficulties in providing it. The implementation method was in the application of feed products in the form of urea water coconut liquid-smoke multi-nutrient block (UCSMB). Three concentrations of liquid smoke were added to the feed, namely 0, 10 and 20%. The production of probiotic fermented rice straw was carried out as a source of fiber to complete feed entirely. The application of feed products was carried out on 12 male Bali beef aged 2-3 years for 45 days. After the cattle were slaughtered, the Longissimus dorsi dissection muscle was then aged for 0, 7 and 14 days. The parameters of meat quality were pH, water holding capacity (WHC), shear force of meat cooked value, and cooking loss. The results showed that meat quality increased with increasing concentration and aging time.Keywords: Bali beef, fermented straw, liquid smoke, meat quality, UCSMB

Livestock waste is one of the important problems in a livestock farming system. Various efforts was needed to reduce waste production. The use of waste is one of solution in reducing waste production to create an environmentally friendly livestock farming system. Utilization of livestock waste from PSh as feed ingredients for alternative protein sources can reduce the cost of feed use. This has an impact on a more efficient livestock business. The feather from the poultry contains high protein compounds. The application of waste from the poultry feather as a source of animal feed to improve the quality of quail meat has not been widely reported. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of giving feather waste extract (FWE) on the quality of thigh meat (Bicep femoris) for quail. A total of 100 heads quails, male, were used as samples. A total of 4 types of FWE administration treatments have been applied. Four types of FWE treatment have been applied in this study, namely: (FA = 0%; FB = 1%; FC = 1.5% and FD = 2%). Each treatment unit was repeated 5 times with 5 heads quail samples/treatment. The results showed that the application of FWE at different levels had a significant effect (p0.05). The value of the WHC of thigh meat (Biceps femoris) is in the range of 33.33±1.65%-42.07±5.01%, MSF of 0.40±0.05-0.93±0.18 kg/cm2 and CL of 6.10±2.70-19.90±4.51%. An application of 2% FWE in feed mixtures showed better meat quality of thigh meat (Bicep femoris). An application of FWE as a protein source for animal feed can be improve the environmental sustainability and create a more efficient livestock business.Keywords: Poultry slaughterhouse (PSh), By-product, Protein, Feather waste extract (FWE), Environmental friendly