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Gastrointestinal cancers are considered as the most common type of cancer among men and the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancer in Markazi Province. This is an epidemiological study in which data was gathered from the population-based cancer registry program in the Markazi province of Iran during the years 2010–2014. Data were recorded in Excel software and coded based on ICD-O. All cases out of Markazi provinces were excluded from study, and cases with code C-15-C20 were included in this study. Stata 11 was used to analyze the data. In this study, 2975 new cases of gastrointestinal cancer in Markazi province were included in the analysis. The highest number of cancers was stomach (with 1595 cases), followed by colorectal cancer (980 cases), esophageal cancer (318 cases), and finally small bowl cancer (82 cases). The mean age of gastro-intestinal cancer diagnosis was 65.07 years. The results showed that with increasing age, the incidence of gastro-intestinal cancers increased, and in all sites and both sexes, the highest incidence of gastro-intestinal cancer was in the age group above 70 years. In both sexes, the age specific rate of stomach cancer was higher than other sites (with highest incidence in 2013) followed by colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and small bowl cancer. The results showed similar incidence rate of gastrointestinal cancer in Markazi province to other provinces in Iran. This study found that stomach cancer is the most common cancer in the Markazi province; therefore, identifying effective and preventing factors is necessary.

Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. The present study is aimed to investigate the risk factors of this disease among the Iranian women of Arak city. Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Objective: To study the reproductive, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Arak city. The sampling was conducted in a clustering method in a way that 4 health centers (surveying cancer in the country; October 2018 to March 2019) were investigated. The women willing to fill up the breast cancer risk factors were entered into the research. 1000 women (above 18) were included. After filling the questionnaires, the data were analyzed by SPSS Ver. 21 using descriptive statistics such as percentage and mean values. Results: 4% of the participants (40) had a history of breast cancer among their first-degree relatives. Only 1.9% (19) of the women reported eating fast-food twice a day. 1.7% (16) of the studied women drank alcohol in the last month. 70.3% of the women (691) had children with an average age at first birth of 22.32±4.87. 1.3% (13) of the participants were under hormone-therapy during their menopause, with an average duration of 4±6.87 years. Conclusion: It seems that the risk factors of breast cancer are not low among Iranian women. Screening tests such as self-examination of the breasts and periodic examinations by the physicians or midwives as well as the mammography protocols are essential

Background: Measles is a feverish condition labeled among the most infectious viral illnesses in the globe. Despite the presence of a secure, accessible, affordable and efficient vaccine, measles continues to be a worldwide concern. Methods: This study uses machine learning and time series methods to assess factors that placed people at a higher risk of measles. This historical cohort study contained the Measles incidence in Markazi Province, the center of Iran, from April 1997 to February 2020. Logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, random forest, artificial neural network, bagging, support vector machine, and naïve Bayes were used to make the classification. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression for time series was utilized to assess development of measles over time. Results: The prevalence of measles was 14.5% over the recent 24 years and a constant trend of almost zero cases was observed from 2002 to 2020. The order of independent variable importance were recent years, age, vaccination, rhinorrhea, male sex, contact with measles patients, cough, conjunctivitis, ethnic, and fever. Younger age, less probability of contact and no fever is associated with less odds of zero cases. Only 7 new cases were forecasted for the next two years. Bagging and random forest were the most accurate classification methods. Conclusion: Even if the numbers of new cases are almost zero during the recent years, it has been showed that age and contact are responsible for non-occurrence of measles. October and May are prone to have new cases for 2021 and 2022.

Background: Health literacy is a major factor for health promotion and well-being. In spite of several researches on health literacy, information on the subject of the status of health literacy in Asian countries such as Iran is inadequate. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the inequality of health literacy in an Iranian population and its influencing factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 736 families were selected by cluster random sampling. A validated questionnaire was used to measure the health literacy of participants. Socioeconomic status (SES) was calculated by asset-based approach, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to estimate the families' SES. Concentration index and curve were used to measure SES inequality in health literacy, and after that decomposed into its determinants. The data were analyzed by Stata software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.81 years (standard deviation = 5.98 years). The value of concentration index for health literacy equals 0.2292 (95% confidence interval = 0.168–0.283), and this value indicates that there is inequality in distribution of health literacy in Iran and the inequality disfavors the poor. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that there is inequality in distribution of health literacy in Iran, and people of higher economic status in Iran enjoy from better health literacy levels.

Background Endotracheal intubation is one of the most common measures in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) which plays an important role in airway management of the critically ill patients. Aims The study aimed to evaluate the effects of lignocaine spray on hemodynamic response of endotracheal intubation patients. Settings and design This study is a randomized clinical trial on a study population comprising patients admitted to the ICU. Subjects and methods The patients were divided into three groups using a permuted block randomization. In Group 1, inhaled nebulized lignocaine 4% (75.0 mg/kg) was sprayed around the patients' epiglottis and larynx. In Group 2, intravenous (IV) lignocaine 2% (75.0/mg/kg) was injected. No lignocaine was prescribed for or administered to the control group. One and four minutes after intubation, the patients' hemodynamic and vital signs were measured. Statistical analysis used Data analysis was run using Stata 13 software through repeated measure ANOVA tests. Results Although the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of Group 1 (inhaled nebulized lignocaine) was smaller than that of Group 2 (IV lignocaine), there was no significant difference between the two groups. Both groups' MAPs were significantly different from that of the control group. As for the average number of pulses, a significant difference was observed between the inhaled and IV lignocaine groups; hence, the average number of pulses in Group 1 (inhalation) was lower than that of Group 2 (IV injection). Conclusion As blood pressure is considered to be normal under 140/90 and may not entail any hemodynamic complications, it can be concluded that inhaled nebulized lignocaine can control the hemodynamic changes of intubation more effectively than IV lignocaine.

Background: We evaluated the effect of socio-economic status (SES) inequality on metastasis, recurrence, stage, grade, and self-rated health (SRH) in patients with gastrointestinal cancers (GIC). Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 409 patients suffering from GIC (April to October, 2018), who were referred to one of the hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Arak, Iran). They were entered to the study, using non-random sampling (accessible sampling). The SES was calculated by an asset-based questionnaire. The principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to estimate the household SES. The concentration index (C) was used to measure the SES inequality, and the binary logistic regression was employed to investigate the association of recurrence and metastasis with other variables. The variance analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between SES and other variables. The data were analyzed with Stata (V. 13) software. Results: The total C index for metastasis, recurrence, stage, grade, SRH, and SRH-age was obtained as 0.089 (0.053, 0.121), -0.106 (-0.118, -0.065), 0.073 (0.069, 0.078), 0.035 (0.001, 0.051), 0.018 (0.010, 0.026), and 0.097 (0.063, 0.112), respectively. Moreover, the results of variance analysis showed a significant statistical association between SES and age, marital status, education, job, supplementary insurance, SRH-age, chemotherapy, and surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Regarding the level of SES, the results of this study did not show the inequality in metastasis, recurrence, and stage. However, there was an inequality in grade and SRH by the SES levels in patients with GIC.

– Due to the increasing need of electrical energy and environmental issues corresponding to fossil fuels such as global warming, renewable energy sources attracted a lot of engineers and researchers to themselves. Among renewable energy sources, wind energy as the most accessible energy source, has been among the most popular research topics in recent years. Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is a commonly used configuration for variable speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) because of its independent control of active and reactive powers and extensive range of wind speed variations. In this paper, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier and a Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) are used as Grid Side Converter (GSC) and Rotor Side Converter (RSC), respectively. Z-Source Inverter is a newly proposed power electronic converter which has solved the limitations and disadvantages of conventional voltage source and current source inverters. A modified Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technic based on Sliding Mode generator power control is used to control the switching pattern of the ZSI. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control system, simulations result in MATLAB/Simulink software are presented. Different wind speeds as well as independent control of active and reactive powers are examined through these simulations.

AIM: We investigate the evaluation of socio-economic status (SES) inequality on self-rated health (SRH) at women with breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study METHODS: The current study conducted on all 270 breast cancer patients that were admitted to one of the hospitals of Arak University Medical Sciences (Arak, Iran from April to July 2018) by census (using non-random sampling (accessible sampling). SES was calculated by asset-based questionnaire and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to estimate the families' SES. Concentration Index (C) and Curve (CC) was used to measure SES inequality in SRH. The data were analysed with Stata software. RESULTS: The number of persons with good SRH by the level of SES was 165 (61.1%) and with poor SRH was 105 (38.9%). The number of persons with good SRH in comparison to same-aged people by level of SES was 135 (50%) and with poor SRH was 135 (50%). Concentration index of SRH in all level of SES was 0.061 (SE = 0.03). Also, Concentration index for SRH in comparison to same-aged people at different levels of SES was -0.044 (SE = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there is inequality in SRH in a patient with breast cancer of the richest level of SES.

Due to wind turbine is in class of complex nonlinear system so the precise model of this plant is not accessible, therefore it can be categorized as an uncertain model. So, controlling of this system is a demanding topic. Many of schemes which presented for controlling of wind turbines investigate these systems in a good weather condition. However, many turbines work in severe weather condition. In this study, wind turbine is suggested in cold weather, and in ice on turbine blades which they are considered as uncertainties in the model. A robust controller is designed for the wind turbine, to control the pitch angle.

DC microgrid (MG) is an important structure of future electrical power systems, with many advantages in off grid and application for grid connected operation. It is considered for its stability, safety, reliability, and optimum efficiency. Power produced with renewable energy sources or changes in different stages or for reliability issue is controlled by power electronic advices like converters and inverters. Although some researches could invent new methods for dealing with challenges in microgrid systems, some aspects are still under research. Meanwhile, grounding architectures impact on power electronic converters needed to investigate more. This research presents the grounding method acts as a high impedance grounding in normal condition to avoid DC stray currents flow, and for fault transients acts as solid grounding. Then ground fault current is limited through a limiter resistor, to the permissible value, resulted in protecting power electronic interfaces.

This paper deals with a reliable control technique to control wind generator. The wind generator’s structure is categorized as a complicated nonlinear system. The accurate scheme of this system cannot be obtained, so the model has high uncertainty and nonlinearity. So, controlling of this system becomes more attractive for scholars; however, many of approaches were given for regulating of wind generators explore these kind of systems in a normal weather situations. In practice several generators operate in an unpleasant weather condition. For having a realistic controller, is assumed that there are uncertainties in the model, for this purpose wind generator is recommended in the cold climate, also with the ice on generators blades. A promising controller is modeled, in order to control the pitch angel of wind. Finally, simulation outcomes will be provided to confirm the presented control approach.

In this paper, simultaneous employment of electrical vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and wind power generation in security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem are considered. SCUC problem as one of the most highlighted research area in electrical power system provides a commitment scheduling table for the generation units in which generation operator aims to maximize system security as well as to minimize generation costs along with the satisfying system and units constraints. The technology of V2G as a new energy resource absorbed remarkable consideration, recently. V2G reduces the dependence of generation procedure to the small and costly thermal units and subsequently has tremendously impact on diminishing operation costs as well as ameliorate of load vacillations management. Besides the V2G, utilization of renewable energies like wind-based generation gained considerable attention in last decade. In this paper, simultaneous employment of V2G and wind power in scheduling and operation of power systems considering the uncertainty of wind generation is presented. Numerical results of independent use of V2G and simultaneous utilization of V2G and wind-based generation are provided and effects of such the obligations on the reduction of generation costs and enhancement of operation indexes and penetration of wind farms in power systems are investigated.

This study aims to assess the knowledge of the principals and educational assistants with high schools’ objectives and determines its impact on the performance of their managerial courses (case study: the city of Sari). This is a descriptive study and different questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study population consisted of all managers and educational assistants of both sexes. In this study, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used, based on Yamane formula, sample size was calculated 150. For processing and data analysis, SPSS software and descriptive statistics with central indexes, distribution, frequency tables and charts and to rule out or prove the research hypothesis, inferential statistics (T) are used for two independent groups. The result shows that in high schools the impact of principals and educational assistants’ knowledge toward their managerial function are meaningful and decisive. The deeper the information, knowledge and skills of principals and educational assistants of the goals of high school, their managerial performance will be better.

Testing large VLSI circuits is a difficult and challenging problem for designers. Large unstructured circuits are often impossible to test. The number of test vectors also tend to be large and difficult to generate using automated tools for testing. In this paper, we have investigated the testing of systolic arrays built from a finite ring cell that has been proposed recently for digital signal processing functions. The cell has been shown to allow encoding, decoding and general inner product type computations for residue number system applications, with considerable advantages over equivalent binary implementation. As a further feature, we show, in this paper, that an array of such cells is remarkably easy to test for stuck-at faults. Generating test vectors for these arrays is also straightforward.

Introduction Family physician plan is one of the basic programs of the Fourth Plan on Economic, Social and Cultural Development in the health sector. This program more than 5 years old is going, is currently deployed in all villages and urban areas with populations

Background: Despite our awareness of the significant effect of Social Determinant of Health (SDoH) such as Socio Economic Status (SES), income and education on breast cancer survival, there was a serious lack of information about the effect of different level of these factors on breast cancer survival. So far, no meta-analysis has been conducted with this aim, but this gap was addressed by this meta-analysis. Methods: Main electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were investigated up to January 2019. Epidemiological studies focusing on the association between SDoH and breast cancer were singled out. Q-test and I2 statistic were used to study the heterogeneity across studies. Begg's and Egger's tests were applied to explore the likelihood of the publication bias. The results were reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through a random-effects model. Results: We identified 7,653 references and included 25 studies involving 1,497,881 participants. The HR estimate of breast cancer survival was 0.82 (0.67, 0.98) among high level of SES, 0.82 (0.70, 0.94) among high level of income and 0.72 (0.66, 0.78) among academic level of education. Conclusion: The SES, income, and education were associated with breast cancer survival, although the association was not very strong. However, there was a significant association between the levels of these factors and breast cancer survival.