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Resumen Antecedentes y objetivo El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los niveles de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica avanzada (ERCA) en hemodialisis y conocer las variables demograficas, medicas y psicologicas que se asocian con la CVRS y contribuyen a predecirla. Materiales y metodos Estudio transversal con 302 pacientes con ERCA en tratamiento de hemodialisis. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: 1) CVRS (cuestionario Shorter Form Health Survey Questionnaire); 2) Ansiedad y depresion (Escala de ansiedad y depresion de Goldberg); 3) Datos sociodemograficos, y 4) Datos medicos. Se realizaron analisis correlacionales, comparacion de medias y analisis de vias con variables latentes (PALV). Resultados El PALV mostro que el 42% de la varianza en la CVRS podria explicarse por las variables evaluadas (χ2 / df = 2,10; GFI = 0 ,938; IFI = 0 ,920; CFI = 0 ,918; RMSEA = 0 ,062; SRMR = 0 ,056). La depresion fue el predictor mas fuerte de la CVRS (-,71; p = 0 ,002), seguida de la actividad fisica (-,19; p = 0 ,044). La edad (-,122; p = 0 ,034) y la comorbilidad (-,206; p = 0 ,001) se asociaron debilmente con la CVRS fisica. La practica de una actividad fisica regular esta relacionado con la CVRS fisica (r = 0 ,21; p = 0 ,00) y mental (r = 0 ,12; p = 0 ,028). Conclusiones Un alto porcentaje de la varianza en CVRS se explica por los niveles de depresion y actividad fisica. Las intervenciones para promover la CVRS en pacientes con ERCA deben centrarse en promover la actividad fisica y cuidar la salud mental del paciente.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized. HBV infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Semi-annual liver ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein testing favor early detection of that cancer and should be carried out in all patients with chronic HBV infection, regardless of the presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Currently, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues that have a high barrier to resistance are the first-line therapies. Resumen: La infección por el virus de hepatitis B (VHB) continúa siendo un problema de salud pública mundial, en México se estima que podría haber por lo menos tres millones de personas adultas que han adquirido hepatitis B (anticuerpo anti-antígeno central del VHB [anti-HBc] positivo), de ellos cerca de 300,000 portadores activos (antígeno de superficie del VHB [HBsAg] positivo) podrían requerir tratamiento. Al ser prevenible por vacunación, debe enfatizarse la vacunación universal. Esta infección es un factor de riesgo mayor para el desarrollo de carcinoma hepatocelular, el estudio semestral con ultrasonido hepático y alfafetoproteína sérica favorece la detección temprana de esta neoplasia y debe realizarse en todo paciente con infección crónica por VHB, independientemente de la presencia de fibrosis avanzada o cirrosis. En la actualidad, la terapia de primera línea, son análogos nucleós(t)idos con alta barrera a la resistencia.

Resumen: La infección por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) continúa siendo un problema de salud pública mundial, en México se estima que podría haber por lo menos tres millones de personas adultas que han adquirido la hepatitis B (anticuerpo anti-antígeno central del VHB [anti-HBc] positivo), de ellos cerca de 300,000 portadores activos (antígeno de superficie del VHB [HBsAg] positivo) podrían requerir tratamiento. Al ser prevenible por vacunación, debe enfatizarse la vacunación universal. Esta infección es un factor de riesgo mayor para el desarrollo de carcinoma hepatocelular, el estudio semestral con ultrasonido hepático y alfafetoproteína sérica favorece la detección temprana de esta neoplasia y debe realizarse en todo paciente con infección crónica por VHB, independientemente de la presencia de fibrosis avanzada o cirrosis. En la actualidad, la terapia de primera línea, son análogos nucleós(t)idos con alta barrera a la resistencia. Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized. HBV infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Semi-annual liver ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein testing favor early detection of that cancer and should be carried out in all patients with chronic HBV infection, regardless of the presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Currently, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues that have a high barrier to resistance are the first-line therapies.

The impediments and barriers that women face in entering and developing a police career have received relatively little attention from researchers. As of today in Europe, despite the slow progress, the 25% barrier to female representation has already been overcome in several countries. However, many areas remain closed to women within police organizations. In this context, research was conducted based on a content analysis of the perceptions of 56 police officers, 28 men and 28 women with considerable police experience, occupying executive leadership positions from a total of 26 European countries. Data was collected through a questionnaire composed of 23 open questions. The results show a considerable gap between the perceptions of male and female police executive leaders with regard to access, career development and workplace conditions faced by policepersons. According to the results, the mirage of equality, dominant in the view of male police officers, is a major barrier to achieving real equality, both horizontally and vertically. What implications these results have on the strategies that police organizations should follow to achieve the challenge of inclusion are discussed, and new ways of analysis are proposed.

La Información Geográfica Voluntaria (IGV), entendida como la información geo- gráfica recopilada de forma organizada por voluntarios, con experiencia o sin ella, para usos colaborativos o proyectos con licencias libres, se ha convertido en una fuente alternativa de información geográfica y su uso está creciendo rápidamente. Por lo tanto, es necesario establecer unos parámetros de calidad a la IGV, a fin de obtener la confianza en el producto por parte de usuarios y empresas. Los elementos de la calidad tradicionales establecidos en la norma ISO 19113, marcan una pauta a seguir, pero no satisfacen las nuevas mplicaciones que la IGV conlleva. El cambio de paradigma establecido por la Web 2.0, donde el usuario pasa de ser un mero espectador de la información a ser un proveedor de contenido, marca el rumbo para buscar medidas adicionales. La confianza en las aportaciones de los voluntarios convertidos en productores de cartografía, dependerá de la aceptación de éstas por los demás usuarios. Además, la experiencia e implicación en el proyec- to marcarán la reputación de los voluntarios. Por lo tanto, la confianza y la repu- tación de un voluntario están relacionadas y se convierten en nuevas dimensiones de la calidad específicas a la IGV.

Zika Virus (ZIKV) is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, resulting in asymptomatic infection, or acute illness with a fever and headache, or neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome or fetal microcephaly. Previously, we determined that AgBR1, a mosquito salivary protein, induces inflammatory responses at the bite site, and that passive immunization with AgBR1 antiserum influences mosquito-transmitted ZIKV infection. Here, we show that the active immunization of mice with AgBR1 adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide delays lethal mosquito-borne ZIKV infection, suggesting that AgBR1 may be used as part of a vaccine to combat ZIKV.

Digital certificates, based on X.509 PKI standard, are located at the core of many security mechanisms implemented in services and applications. However, the usage of certificates has revealed flaws in the certificate validation process (e.g., possibility of unavailable or non-updated data). This fact implies security risks that are not assessed. In order to address these issues that such flaws entail, we propose a novel probabilistic approach for quantitative risk assessment in X.509 PKI, together with trust management when there is uncertainty. We have evaluated our risk assessment approach and demonstrated its usage, considering as a use case the secure installation of mobile applications. The results show that our approach provides more granularity, appropriate values according to the impact, and relevant information in the risk calculation than other approaches.

The aim of the Mexican Consensus on the Treatment of Hepatitis C was to develop clinical practice guidelines applicable to Mexico. The expert opinion of specialists in the following areas was taken into account: gastroenterology, IFNectious diseases, and hepatology. A search of the medical literature was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through keywords related to hepatitis C treatment. The quality of evidence was subsequently evaluated using the GRADE system and the consensus statements were formulated. The statements were then voted upon, using the modified Delphi system, and reviewed and corrected by a panel of 34 voting participants. Finally, the level of agreement was classified for each statement. The present guidelines provide recommendations with an emphasis on the new direct-acting antivirals, to facilitate their use in clinical practice. Each case must be individualized according to the comorbidities involved and patient management must always be multidisciplinary.

Collaborative healthcare environments offer potential benefits, including enhancing the healthcare quality delivered to patients and reducing costs. As a direct consequence, sharing of electronic health records (EHRs) among healthcare providers has experienced a noteworthy growth in the last years, since it enables physicians to remotely monitor patients' health and enables individuals to manage their own health data more easily. However, these scenarios face significant challenges regarding security and privacy of the extremely sensitive information contained in EHRs. Thus, a flexible, efficient, and standards-based solution is indispensable to guarantee selective identity information disclosure and preserve patient's privacy. We propose a privacy-aware profile management approach that empowers the patient role, enabling him to bring together various healthcare providers as well as user-generated claims into an unique credential. User profiles are represented through an adaptive Merkle Tree, for which we formalize the underlying mathematical model. Furthermore, performance of the proposed solution is empirically validated through simulation experiments.

IoT devices provide real-time data to a rich ecosystem of services and applications. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core networks. To alleviate the core of the network, other technologies like fog computing can be used. On the security side, designers of IoT low-cost devices and applications often reuse old versions of development frameworks and software components that contain vulnerabilities. Many server applications today are designed using microservice architectures where components are easier to update. Thus, IoT can benefit from deploying microservices in the fog as it offers the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. In such deployments, IoT devices need the dynamic instantiation of microservices. IoT microservices require certificates so they can be accessed securely. Thus, every microservice instance may require a newly-created domain name and a certificate. The DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) extension to Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) allows linking a certificate to a given domain name. Thus, the combination of DNSSEC and DANE provides microservices&rsquo, clients with secure information regarding the domain name, IP address, and server certificate of a given microservice. However, IoT microservices may be short-lived since devices can move from one local fog to another, forcing DNSSEC servers to sign zones whenever new changes occur. Considering DNSSEC and DANE were designed to cope with static services, coping with IoT dynamic microservice instantiation can throttle the scalability in the fog. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a solution that modifies the DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism using chameleon signatures and defining a new soft delegation scheme. Chameleon signatures are signatures computed over a chameleon hash, which have a property: a secret trapdoor function can be used to compute collisions to the hash. Since the hash is maintained, the signature does not have to be computed again. In the soft delegation schema, DNS servers obtain a trapdoor that allows performing changes in a constrained zone without affecting normal DNS operation. In this way, a server can receive this soft delegation and modify the DNS zone to cope with frequent changes such as microservice dynamic instantiation. Changes in the soft delegated zone are much faster and do not require the intervention of the DNS primary servers of the zone.

The inclusion of cloud services within existing identity federations has gained interest in the last years, as a way to simplify the access to them, reducing the user management costs, and increasing the utilization of the cloud resources. Whereas several federation technologies have been developed along the years for the Web world (e.g. SAML, Oauth, OpenID), non-web application services have been largely forgotten. The ABFAB IETF WG was created to define an architecture and a set of technologies for providing identity federation to non-Web application services, such as the cloud. ABFAB provides a way to use the existing EAP/AAA infrastructure to perform federated access control to any kind of application service, thanks to the definition of a new GSS-API mechanism called GSS-EAP. However, the ABFAB architecture does not define an efficient way of providing SSO. This paper defines a way to include such an SSO support into ABFAB, by introducing the required extensions to make use of the EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP), the IETF standard for providing fast re-authentication in EAP. Moreover, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed extensions, we have implemented a proof-of-concept based on Moonshot, the open-source implementation of ABFAB, and OpenStack as an example of cloud service. Finally, using this prototype we have completed a performance analysis that compares our proposal with the standard ABFAB operation. This analysis confirms the substantial reduction in terms of computational time and network traffic that can be achieved using ERP for providing efficient SSO to cloud service access in ABFAB-based identity federations. Defines a way to provide efficient SSO by extending the GSS-EAP mechanism.Implements the proposed solution demonstrating its feasibility.Provides a performance analysis comparing it with the standard GSS-EAP mechanism.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Cybersecurity Services Design With the transformation in smart grids, power grid companies are becoming increasingly dependent on data networks. Data networks are used to transport information and commands for optimizing power grid operations: Planning, generation, transportation, and distribution. Performing periodic security audits is one of the required tasks for securing networks, and we proposed in a previous work autoauditor, a system to achieve automatic auditing. It was designed according to the specific requirements of power grid companies, such as scaling with the huge number of heterogeneous equipment in power grid companies. Though pentesting and security audits are required for continuous monitoring, collaboration is of utmost importance to fight cyber threats. In this paper we work on the accountability of audit results and explore how the list of audit result records can be included in a blockchain, since blockchains are by design resistant to data modification. Moreover, blockchains endowed with smart contracts functionality boost the automation of both digital evidence gathering, audit, and controlled information exchange. To our knowledge, no such system exists. We perform throughput evaluation to assess the feasibility of the system and show that the system is viable for adaptation to the inventory systems of electrical companies. This work has been supported by National R&D Projects TEC2017-84197-C4-1-R, TIN2017-84844-C2-1-R, by the Comunidad de Madrid project CYNAMON P2018/TCS-4566 and co-financed by European Structural Funds (ESF and FEDER), and by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) under the project LINKA20216 ("Advancing in cybersecurity technologies", i-LINK+ program).

Substance use is widespread among adolescents and several studies focused on its prevalence, sequencing of initiation and frequency. However, longitudinal patterns of substance use in adolescence, combining sequencing and frequency, are rarely studied. The objective of this study was to analyze patterns of polysubstance use in adolescence including sequencing and frequency, their stability and change, using between-individual and within-individual analyses. This was done through a prospective longitudinal study with 879 Spanish children and adolescents (9–17 years old at time 1, 10–18 at time 2) followed-up for one year. Substance use was measured with a survey using a validated self-reported questionnaire focused on the frequency of use of different substances. Latent transition analysis found three patterns of substance use including non-users, occasional users and frequent users. Non-users and frequent users were stable over time whereas around one fifth of occasional users transitioned to frequent users. Substance use started with occasional alcohol consumption and tended to progress to frequent use and illicit drugs. It is concluded that substance use starts early in life and the best predictor of future non-use is the past non-use. Prevention and intervention seem necessary throughout the adolescence, especially before the progression to frequent use that does not seem to remit spontaneously.

Artículo de acceso abierto (OA). En la plataforma consta como OA, pero el fichero del artículo tiene, erróneamente, copyright de IEEE. Transport layer security (TLS) is becoming the de facto standard to provide end-to-end security in the current Internet. IoT and M2M scenarios are not an exception since TLS is also being adopted there. The ability of TLS for negotiating any security parameter, its flexibility and extensibility are responsible for its wide adoption but also for several attacks. Moreover, as it relies on public key infrastructure (PKI) for authentication, it is also affected by PKI problems. Considering the advent of IoT/M2M scenarios and their particularities, it is necessary to have a closer look at TLS history to evaluate the potential challenges of using TLS and PKI in these scenarios. According to this, this paper provides a deep revision of several security aspects of TLS and PKI, with a particular focus on current certificate pinning solutions in order to illustrate the potential problems that should be addressed. This work was supported in part by Project MAGOS under Grant TEC2017-84197-C4-1-R, in part by Project INRISCO under Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-2-R, and in part by the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) through the Project CYNAMON cofinanced by European Structural Funds (ESF and FEDER) and the Alexander von Humboldt Post-Doctoral Program under Grant P2018/TCS-4566.

The wearable industry has experienced a notable growth over the last decade, especially in fitness or e-health trackers. These trackers bring new functionalities that require collecting a great amount of sensitive information about the user. This fact has made fitness trackers the target of deliberate attacks, e.g., eavesdropping, unauthorized account access, fake firmware update, and so on. For this reason, this paper describes a vulnerability study on one of the most popular fitness trackers in 2017, together with the mobile application associated to the tracker. The study results show what vulnerabilities of the communications among agents (i.e., wearable device, mobile application and server) could put at risk users sensitive information and privacy.

Hemodialysis patients commonly have impaired physical performance and mental health. We studied the effects of an intradialytic exercise program on these variables. Methods: 27 patients (33% women; 68 ± 13 years) were enrolled in a 14-week intradialytic endurance-resistance training program (‘exercise’ group, 40 programmed sessions per patient); 40 hemodialysis patients (28% women; 68 ± 11 years) performing no exercise during the same time length were used as controls. Endpoints included physical performance (6-min walk test [6MWT], 10-repetition sit to stand [STS-10] and handgrip strength), emotional status (Beck’s depression inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and mental and physical component scores of the short-from (SF)-12 Health Survey. Results: There were no differences (p > 0.05) between groups at baseline for sex distribution, or mean age, body mass index and time spent on dialysis. Exercise benefits were observed for 6MWT (11 and −3% for the exercise and control groups, respectively; p < 0.001), STS-10 performance time (-22 and 6%; p < 0.001) and handgrip strength (4 and −4%; p < 0.02). No significant benefits (p > 0.05) were observed for emotional status endpoints or SF-12 component scores. Despite significant benefits on physical performance, the proportion of clinically meaningful responders was low ( 0.05). Conclusion: A 14-week intradialytic training program induced significant improvements on physical performance. However, the rate of clinically meaningful responders observed in the present study was low, being the level of responsiveness dependent on baseline physical status. Efforts to individualize exercise prescription are needed in clinical practice. Sin financiación 3.201 JCR (2018) Q1, 25/81 Physiology 1.153 SJR (2018) Q2, 64/188 Physiology, 36/108 Physiology (medical) No data IDR 2018 UEM

Highlights • Baculovirus-expressed AHS-VP2 and MVA-VP2 vaccines were evaluated in mice. • Clinical protection was complete in mice receiving one or two doses of MVA-VP2. • Clinical protection complete after two doses of baculovirus-expressed VP2. • Significant reduction of viraemia in all vaccinated groups. • Significant levels of immunity were achieved with one dose of either vaccine., African horse sickness is a severe, often fatal, arboviral disease of equids. The control of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in endemic countries is based currently on the use of live attenuated vaccines despite some biosafety concerns derived from its biological properties. Thus, experimental vaccination platforms have been developed over the years in order to avoid the biosafety concerns associated with the use of attenuated vaccines. Various studies showed that baculovirus-expressed AHSV-VP2 or modified Vaccinia Ankara virus expressing AHSV-VP2 (MVA-VP2) induced virus neutralising antibodies and protective immunity in small animals and horses. AHSV is an antigenically diverse pathogen and immunity against AHS is serotype-specific. Therefore, AHS vaccines for use in endemic countries need to induce an immune response capable of protecting against all existing serotypes. For this reason, current live attenuated vaccines are administered as polyvalent preparations comprising combinations of AHSV attenuated strains of different serotypes. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to induce cross-reactive virus neutralising antibodies against different serotypes of AHSV by using polyvalent vaccines comprising combinations of either different serotype-specific VP2 proteins, or MVA-VP2 viruses. However, these strategies could be difficult to implement if induction of protective immunity is highly dependent on using a two-dose vaccination regime for each serotype the vaccine intends to protect against. In our study, we have tested the protective capacity of MVA-VP2 and baculovirus-expressed VP2 vaccines when a single dose was used. Groups of interferon alpha receptor knock-out mice were inoculated with either MVA-VP2 or baculovirus-expressed VP2 vaccines using one dose or the standard two-dose vaccination regime. After vaccination, all four vaccinated groups were challenged with AHSV and clinical responses, lethality and viraemia compared between the groups. Our results show that complete clinical protection was achieved after a single vaccination with either MVA-VP2 or baculovirus sub-unit VP2 vaccines.

Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the molecular absorbent recirculating system (MARS) on patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and liver failure with cirrhosis (AoCLF) as well as in cholestatic patients with intractable pruritus in a Mexican population. Material and methods. From August 2003 to December 2011, MARS was used in 38 patients with ALF, 15 patients with AoCLF, and 17 cholestatic patients with intractable pruritus. The patients were examined using a standard liver function test and for vital signs, presence of ascites and encephalopathy before and after each treatment. The therapeutic response, patient status, follow-up status, and need for liver transplantation were determined. Results. Seventy-nine MARS procedures were performed. MARS was used for ALF in 54.3% of patients, AoCLF in 24.2%, and cholestatic disease in 21.5%. There were significant improvements in serum bilirubin (p = 0.000), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.000), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.030), gamma-glytamyl transpeptidase (p = 0.044), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.006), and encephalopathy grade (p = 0.000). Thirty-eight ALF patients were listed for emergency liver transplantation and treated with MARS; 20 of these patients died on a waiting list, 18 survived. only four underwent liver transplantation and 14 (37%) recovered without transplantation after the MARS procedure. Conclusion. MARS is a safe and effective procedure, especially for ALF patients. Our results suggest that MARS therapy can contribute to native liver recovery in ALF patients.

El artículo presenta algunos de los resultados derivados del macroproyecto “Estudio internacional sobre calidad de vida laboral en organizaciones de servicios humanos- WONPUM”, liderado por el profesor Joseph María Blanch de la Universidad de Barcelona. Específicamente se publica el resultado correspondiente a la percepción que tienen los docentes de las universidades públicas de Colombia en torno a su quehacer en las dimensiones de la virtud, la felicidad y la autonomía. Como resultado, se encontró qué en la actual organización del trabajo en la universidad pública de Colombia, los docentes perciben un alto nivel de virtud en su labor que les proporciona identidad y que concuerda con sus valores propios. Se encuentra, también que los docentes perciben que la virtud no necesariamente les facilita que sus méritos sean valorados con justicia. En cuanto a la felicidad perciben que sus instituciones les hacen sentirse útiles, trabajar a gusto y crecer como personas. Perciben también poco nivel de autonomía.

Background and Aims We undertook this study to evaluate the virological response to and presence of adverse events to natural interferon α (nIFNα; Multiferon ® ) treatment in previously nonresponsive Mexican patients chronically infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C. Methods Thirty-nine patients received a 4-week induction of 5 days/week of 6 MU nIFNα plus weight-based ribavirin followed by 3 MU of nIFNα three times a week for 44 weeks. The relationship between viral response and incidence of adverse events was analyzed. Results Early viral response (EVR) was age- and sex-dependent, with older male patients being less responsive. Sustained viral response (SVR) was evaluated according to: a) intention to treat analysis, b) 48-week treatment and 24-week follow-up (16 patients), and c) patients with EVR (11 patients). None of the factors was significantly different in groups a) and b); however, in group c) there was a better response with a marked viral load decline in younger patients and in patients aged 50 years and older. Five of 39 (13%) patients who completed treatment presented with an SVR. The most common adverse effect was asthenia in 27% of patients. Conclusions nIFNα could be a useful strategy for re-treatment in chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1, in previously nonresponsive patients. Confirmation of these data in a larger population is required.

The case of a newborn with Down's syndrome and congenital leukaemia is reported. The malignant white blood cells displayed the CD41 antigen (glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa) identified by monoclonal antibodies HP1-ld and FMC24 and the CD9/p24 antigen identified by monoclonal antibody FMC27. The number of cells in S-phase was 14%, as assessed by the incorporation of 5-bromo 2-deoxyuridine. No other chromosomal abnormalities were identified in addition to 47 XY + 21. The patient died 15 days after the diagnosis, due to Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia. Post-mortem examination showed heavy leukaemic infiltration and cardiac abnormalities including inter-atrial septal defect and a patent Ductus arteriosus. This patient appears to be the first identified case of congenital leukaemia with megakaryocytic differentiation, although previous instances of transient abnormal myelopoiesis with megakaryocytic differentiation have been recorded in Down's syndrome.

Adhoc networking was initially designed for military application area. But adhoc networks have been found also appealing for autonomous computing. The adhoc mode of IEEE 802.11 (Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) has not been successful due to several reasons. Within this article we explore and compare two alternatives for adhoc network formation in heterogeneous environments: Wi-Fi P2P also known as Wi-Fi Direct, and Wi-Fi Hotspot. The comparison shows that there are usability, security and performance reasons to favor Hotspot for application development.

The development of mobile signatures could increase the spread and adoption of mobile services based on electronic signatures, such as mobile payments, mobile business transactions, and mobile government services. A Mobile Signature Service MSS means that a user in any of the scenarios mentioned can attach an electronic signature, anywhere, anytime, as with a handwritten signature with a device that is almost always on him or her. Several solutions have appeared, such as using the European Telecommunications Standard Institute MSS, the Mobile Signature Application Unit, and the Mobile Network Operator-independent MSS. These solutions present two kinds of drawbacks. On the one hand, some of them require the service to be developed by all mobile network operators, whereas others are not based on efficient communications. In this paper, we present a new MSS named SIPmsign that solves these problems. Our proposal is based on the Session Initiation Protocol and defines how to exchange the information in a secure and more efficient way than previously. Thanks to Session Initiation Protocol, we provide the adoption of our proposal as a MSS for the new generation of mobile communications. In this paper, we also present the prototype we have developed as a proof of its feasibility as well as an evaluation of the performance of our solution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The appearance of some laws that make the electronic signature (e-signature) legally equivalent to the handwritten signature (under some circumstances) has favoured its use in different fields, such as e-commerce and e-government. In these fields, the e-signatures associated to some documents have to remain valid over long periods of time. For these kinds of e-signatures, Advanced Electronic Signature (AdES) forms have appeared. These forms specify the information to include along with the e-signature so that it remains valid for a long time after its creation. Basically, this information comprises signers' certificates, a set of certificates up to a trust anchor, certificate validation responses, etc. These data can be gathered by using different Public Key Infrastructure-compliant protocols. However, the support of different protocols is complex for clients. XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) appeared with the aim of simplifying the certificate management, but it only supports a simple validation mechanism that does not provide the information needed for long-term validation. As a solution to this problem, we have extended XKMS by defining an advanced certificate validation service to support the obtaining of validation data needed for different scenarios, such as the building of AdES forms or validation data registries. This extension also defines the different components needed to support this kind of a service. Furthermore, the defined service has been implemented and incorporated into an e-government infrastructure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (This article is an extended and revised version of ‘ACVS: an Advanced Certificate Validation Service in Service-Oriented Architectures’. Published in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW'08). pp. 297–302, Athens (Greece), 2008.)

La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica – EPOC, corresponde a las diversas dolencias pulmonares crónicas que limitan el flujo de aire en los pulmones. Actualmente, presenta un importante aumento en su prevalencia y mortalidad a nivel mundial, siendo actualmente, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la cuarta causa de mortalidad en el mundo, donde más del 90 % de estas muertes se producen en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. En Colombia es la cuarta causa de muerte, llegando en el 2016 a 38 muertes diarias. Por esto, el Plan Decenal de Salud Pública 2012-2021, establece las intervenciones que deben ser implementadas desde la prevención, detección temprana, tratamiento y rehabilitación. Esta investigación propone la implementación del Internet de las Cosas en una solución costo- efectiva para el monitoreo de esta enfermedad, mediante la medición constante de la temperatura corporal, saturación de oxígeno y frecuencia cardíaca con sensores de bajo costo que permitan analizar y emitir alarmas de prevención temprana. Los resultados permiten afirmar que todas las medidas realizadas con el Sistema IoT desarrollado permanecen en el intervalo de confianza de los equipos tomados como referencia.

This paper describes the IKEv2 protocol and presents how an open-source IKEv2 implementation, in particular OpenIKEv2 has been designed and implemented. All the issues found during this process and how they were solved are also described. Finally, a comparison between existing open-source implementations is presented.

IoT, crowd sensing and smart cities will be a traffic challenge. New communication paradigms as asynchronous messaging carry and forward, scheduled delivery and temporary storage will be needed to manage network resources dynamically. Since traditional end to end security will require keeping security associations among devices for a long time draining valuable resources, we propose and evaluate the use of proxy re-encryption protocols in these scenarios as a solution for reliable and flexible security.

This article presents an experimental scalable message driven IoT and its security architecture based on Decentralized Information Flow Control. The system uses a gateway that exports SoA (REST) interfaces to the internet simplifying external applications whereas uses DIFC and asynchronous messaging within the home environment.

Non-repudiation protocols are of great importance for electronic interactions. Different protocols have been proposed in this field, progressively relaxing the requirements on the computing power of both parties, and on the load and involvement of a trusted third party (TTP). Besides, there is a need to provide mobile users with a protocol adequate for ad hoc scenarios, where only unreliable channels can be guaranteed, and where the CA may not be reachable. In this paper we propose a new version of the fair non-repudiation protocol proposed by Gurgens et al. in [Sigrid Gurgens, Carsten Rudolph, Holger Vogt, On the security of fair non-repudiation protocols, in: Colin Boyd, Wenbo Mao (Eds.), ISC, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2851, Springer, 2003, pp. 193-207]. We show unfair scenarios that can appear if one party controls the communication among the TTP and the other party. We introduce notary agents, which play the TTP role, and run our fair non-repudiation protocol. Notary agents execute inside the smart card, and sign the protocol messages with the user's private key on his behalf. Our approach enables the protocol to run on unreliable channels, disconnected from the CA.

The shape-preferred orientation (SPO) is a technique, which allows the study of the fabric of deformed rocks and understanding its dominant deformational style and partitioning. This work presents SPO results and methodological aspects for one hand specimen of rock and a highresolution composed image of an outcrop through digital image processing. The technique involves imaging of three semi-orthogonal oriented sections for digital processing and subsequent implementation in structural software. The image processing consists of digital separation of a phase of interest, i.e. defining the deformational fabric. The processed images are then implemented in the SPO2003® software for acquisition of sectional ellipses and finally implemented in the Ellipsoid2003® software to obtain the characteristic ellipsoid of deformational fabric. For outcrops, due to the difficulty to finding three appropriate sections for photography, it was only obtained a sectional ellipse, characteristic of the rock fabric based on contrasting deformed quartz segregates in mylonitic schists. Los estudios de orientación Preferencial de Forma (OPF) permiten estudiar la fábrica de una roca deformada y comprender su estilo deformacional y partición. Presentamos estudios de OPF y aspectos metodológicos para secciones pulidas de roca en muestra de mano y afloramiento a través de tratamiento digital de imagen. La técnica consiste en la captura de imágenes de tres cortes de roca semi-ortogonales orientadas para tratamiento digital y posterior implementación en software estructural. El tratamiento de imagen consiste en la separación digital de una fase mineral que defina la fábrica deformacional. Las imágenes tratadas, son implementadas en el software SPO2003® para la obtención de elipses seccionales e implementadas en el software Ellipsoid2003® para la obtención del elipsoide característico de la fábrica deformacional. Para el caso de afloramiento, se presentan resultados para una sección vertical métrica. Se obtiene la elipse representativa de la fábrica bidimensional definida por los segregados milonitizados de cuarzo.

We report our experience of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation using non-myeloablative conditioning regimens delivered and supported on an outpatient basis. A group of 44 patients underwent 47 allograft procedures using peripheral blood stem cells. Approximately one third of the individuals did not require red blood cells transfusions: the median of transfused red blood cells units was 1 (range 0-10). In addition one out of three did not require platelet transfusions either, the median of platelet transfusions being 1 (range 0-6). In fourteen allografts (30%) neither red blood cells nor platelet transfusions were used. An inverse correlation was found between the number of CD34 cells infused and the PRBC and PLT transfusion requirements, those patients receiving high numbers of CD34 cells needing fewer transfusions of both PRBC and platelets. The possibility of conducting allografts without transfusion of blood products in some patients may result in a decrease in both cost and the risks stemming from exposure to human blood derivatives.

This paper focus in an emerging concept called Elastic Personal Computing that is the ability to distribute data processing among multiple personal devices that constitute a mobile cloud. Among the most complex challenges is to provide data layer for the system to exchange input data transparently among nodes considering the data partitioning is application specific. Implementing data layers with replication and load distribution strategies is not feasible due to mobility, intermittent availability and the distributed character of mobile cloud systems. This article reasons about the problem and presents a P2P based data layer for distributed computing using personal devices.

Summary Identity federations enable users, service providers, and identity providers from different organizations to exchange authentication and authorization information in a secure way. In this paper, we present a novel identity federation architecture for cloud services based on the integration of a cloud identity management service with an authentication, authorization, and accounting infrastructure. Specifically, we analyse how this type of authentication, authorization, and accounting–based federation can be smoothly integrated into OpenStack, the leading open source cloud software solution, using the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Application Bridging for Federated Access Beyond web specification for authentication and authorization. We provide details of the implementation undertaken in GEANT's CLASSe project and show its validation in a real testbed.

This paper proposes an emergency scenario which is satellite assisted underwater radio communication network for emergency services. Identification of effective range of underwater radio communication with the integration of versatile NAV/COM devices is the main focus. Possible transmission paths have been discussed and effective numerical computations are carried out to determine the underwater communication range. Constraints like conductivity (σ), attenuation (a), refraction or interface loss and wavelength (λ) in water for underwater radio communication are considered.

Twenty-four adult patients with AML were treated with standard “7 + 3”chemotherapy. After administering the myeloablative drugs in the hospital, patients were instructed to continue their supportive treatment on an outpatient basis; they received ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxasole and itraconazole vo until the absolute granulocyte count rose above 1 × 109/l. Platelet concentrates were given every other day until the platelet count rose above 20 × 109/l. Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 87%. Fever developed in 29% and 2 cases were complicated by indwelling-catheter-related Pseudomona aeruginosa septicaemia, 1 Entamoeba hystolytica enteritis and 1 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; these patients were hospitalized to treat these infections specifically. In no case was the infection fatal. The median disease free-survival (DFS) was 17 months, 12-month DFS was 66%, and 30-month DFS was 17%. Our calculations have shown that 1700 USD/patient were saved by avoiding prolonged hospitalization; this may provide not only economical, but also psychological advantages to patients.

Background Methods to simplify bone marrow transplantation procedures are needed mainly in developing countries. Methods Between May 1993 and February 1999 in a private-practice setting, we performed 29 autotransplants in 28 patients using non-cryopreserved and unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cells mobilized from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood by means of hematopoietic growth factors. The autografting procedure was performed entirely on an outpatient basis in 19 cases (65%). The median age of the patients was 30 years, with a range of 9–67. There were 15 patients with acute leukemia (9 with acute myelogenous leukemia), 3 with chronic myelogenous leukemia, 2 with multiple myeloma, 3 with Hodgkin's disease, 2 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 4 with metastatic breast carcinoma. Results The median time to achieve >0.5 × 10 9 /L granulocytes was 14 days (range 7–42), whereas the median time to achieve >20 × 10 9 /L platelets was 20 days (range 5–49). The 64-month post-transplant survival was 38%, whereas the median post-transplant survival was 18 months. The transplant-related mortality was 3.4%. The approximate cost of this simplified procedure was 10.8% for in-hospital procedures and for outpatient autografts, substantially lower than figures reported from the U.S. for autotransplants. Conclusions This simplified method for autografting patients, avoiding in-hospital stays, purging procedures and cryopreservation of the cells is feasible and results in a substantial decrease of the cost of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation methods.

We have prospectively performed peripheral blood stem cell autotransplants in six patients with hematological malignancies on an entirely outpatient basis. Patients were conditioned with high-dose melphalan and received a median of 4.2 × 108/kg non-cryopreserved, non-purged mononuclear cells, containing a median of 3.9 × 106/kg CD34 + cells. The median time to achieve > 500 granulocytes/μl was 21 days, with a range of 16 to 40, whereas the median time to achieve > 20,000 platelets/μl was 38 days, with a range of 21 to 48. Only three patients were transfused with platelets whereas packed red blood cells were transfused in two. All patients survived 60 days after the autograft and three are alive at 450, 690, and 1,950 days after the autotransplant. One patient was given an allogeneic bone marrow transplant when relapsing after the autotransplant. One patient had to be admitted to the hospital on day +10 because of fever. A median of 6,500.00 USD per patient was calculated as the total cost of each outpatient autotransplant. Since outpatient autologous transplants with non-frozen PBSC are feasible, restrictions to PBSC autotransplant programs may be overcome and costs may be diminished. Am. J. Hematol. 58:161–164, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Participatory Sensing systems can take benefit of the distributed processing personal consumer devices can provide since sensors can be grouped in meta-sensors and measures can be processed in a distributed fashion saving costs and improving the coverage. This abstract presents a solution introducing the concept of personal meta-sensor and provides a lightweight framework to consume and process measures.

This article describes an experimental framework for Android called Light Weight Map Reduce that pursues enabling Elastic Personal Computing, a refinement of the Elastic Computing concept that allows personal electronics to automatically distribute the load among devices constituting a computing fabric seamlessly.

Handheld devices are more and more powerful allowing to do most things people do on a desktop. Nevertheless, mobile device security follows being an open issue. We have performed the first study of the security support between native and OpenSSL-based libraries, in terms of energy consumption and time, about secure communication performance.

We studied 21 filgrastim (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) apheresis products obtained from seven patients, and stored at 4 degrees C for periods of up to 96 hr prior to their reinfusion, to rescue high-dose chemotherapy. The apheresis products contained a median of 106 x 10(8)/L mononuclear cells (MNC), 14.6% of them displaying the CD34 antigen; the viability was over 90% in all samples studied at 24, 48, and 72 hr after harvesting. These PBSC were successfully used to rescue high-dose chemotherapy; patients received a median of 4.8 x 10(8)/Kg MNC; the median time to achieve > 500 granulocytes was 14 days (range 11-26) and the median time to achieve > 20,000 platelets was 20 days (range 11-40). Since autologous transplants with nonfrozen PBSC are feasible and less costly than those using frozen PBSC, restrictions to PBSC autotransplant programs may be overcome and costs may be diminished.

The heterogeneity of client devices is increasing leading to different resolutions, qualities and form factors. Due to the amount of multimedia to be processed, transcoding and protection can be no longer performed linearly. For that reason, this article describes a solution to distribute and parallelize the transcoding process as well as the content encryption relying on cloud computing. Moreover, this article shows the benefits of this approach showing several experimental results.

Modern scalable coding techniques, as H264 SVC, are adequate to save processing power and bandwidth. Moreover, if the enhancements of a SVC encoded content are protected, it is possible to enable pay-per-quality systems. Transcoding and protection entail huge doses of processing power at provider side and should be distributed. Moreover, processing key streams to decrypt enhancements that were encrypted separately can increase the complexity at receiver side. This abstract describes a distributed system for content encoding and protection that generates a flexible key stream that simplifies the receiver.

Privacy rules imposed by social networks (SNs) impose several restrictions to user privacy. Though they usually offer the user some control to limit access to his own data, the social network may share uploaded data with other partners and marketing companies. Pictures and videos may have a second life, even after being deleted by the user, and consequently storage and access must take place in the user home domain or facilities managed by the user, following an end to end approach. We propose to combine the usage of private clouds, specialized in media contents, in cooperation with SNs, offering the user complete control over his data, while benefiting from the SNs visibility to announce and spread the data. To achieve transparency, we propose a plug-in system to embed links as annotations in reduced media replacement uploaded in the SN. These links point to the real resource stored in the private cloud, now under complete user control. We perform validation tests which show important improvements in uploading time and user experience.

Since the advent of the digital era, the traditional TV scenario has rapidly evolved towards an ecosystem comprised of a myriad of services, applications, channels, and contents. As a direct consequence, the amount of available information and configuration options targeted at today's end consumers have become unmanageable. Thus, personalization and usability emerge as indispensable elements to improve our content-overloaded digital homes. With these requirements in mind, we present a way to combine content adaptation paradigms together with presence detection in order to allow a seamless and personalized entertainment experience when watching TV. This work has been partially supported by the Community of Madrid (CAM), Spain under the contract number S2009/TIC-1650. Publicado

With the rapid evolution of networks and the widespread penetration of mobile devices with increasing capabilities, that have already become a commodity, we are getting a step closer to ubiquity. Thus, we are moving a great part of our lives from the physical world to the online world, i.e. social interactions, business transactions, relations with government administrations, etc. However, while identity verification is easy to handle in the real world, there are many unsolved challenges when dealing with digital identity management, especially due to the lack of user awareness when it comes to privacy. Thus, with the aim to enhance the navigation experience and security in multiservice and multiprovider environments the user must be empowered to control how her attributes are shared and disclosed between different domains.With these goals on mind, we leverage the benefits of the Infocard technology and introduce this usercentric paradigm into the emerging NGN architectures. This paper proposes a way to combine the gains of a SAML federation between service and identity providers with the easiness for the final user of the Inforcard System using the well known architectural schema of IP Multimedia Subsystem.

One of the most critical tasks when accessing services through the IP Multimedia Subsystem is the registration process. The process involves two registrations, the first with the access network, the second with IMS. This leads to an overhead authentication that introduces a big delay. This article proposes an improvement for IMS registration protocol able to relate IMS registration to an access network registration by cryptographically binding both of them. This approach provides a general solution, saves time during registration and avoids several attacks.