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Purpose To describe a guidance on the management of post-acute COVID 19 patients in geriatric rehabilitation. Methods The guidance is based on guidelines for post-acute COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation developed in the Netherlands, updated with recent insights from literature, related guidance from other countries and disciplines, and combined with experiences from experts in countries participating in the Geriatric Rehabilitation Special Interest Group of the European Geriatric Medicine Society. Results This guidance for post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation is divided into a section addressing general recommendations for geriatric rehabilitation and a section addressing specific processes and procedures. The Sect. "General recommendations for geriatric rehabilitation" addresses: (1) general requirements for post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation and (2) critical aspects for quality assurance during COVID-19 pandemic. The Sect. "Specific processes and procedures", addresses the following topics: (1) patient selection; (2) admission; (3) treatment; (4) discharge; and (5) follow-up and monitoring. Conclusion Providing tailored geriatric rehabilitation treatment to post-acute COVID-19 patients is a challenge for which the guidance is designed to provide support. There is a strong need for additional evidence on COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation including developing an understanding of risk profiles of older patients living with frailty to develop individualised treatment regimes. The present guidance will be regularly updated based on additional evidence from practice and research. Key summary pointsAim To describe a guidance on the management of post-acute COVID 19 patients in geriatric rehabilitation. Findings This guidance addresses general requirements for post-acute COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation and critical aspects for quality assurance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the guidance describes relevant care processes and procedures divided in five topics: patient selection; admission; treatment; discharge; and follow-up and monitoring. Message This guidance is designed to provide support to care professionals involved in the geriatric rehabilitation treatment of post-acute COVID-19 patients.

Integrated disease management with self-management for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is effective to improve clinical outcomes. eHealth can improve patients' involvement to be able to accept and maintain a healthier lifestyle. Eventhough there is mixed evidence of the impact of eHealth on quality of life (QoL) in different settings.The primary aim of the e-Vita-COPD-study was to investigate the effect of use of eHealth patient platforms on disease specific QoL of COPD patients.We evaluated the impact of an eHealth platform on disease specific QoL measured with the clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ), including subscales of symptoms, functional state and mental state. Interrupted time series (ITS) design was used to collect CCQ data at multiple time points. Multilevel linear regression modelling was used to compare trends in CCQ before and after the eHealth intervention.Of 742 invited COPD patients, 244 signed informed consent. For the analyses, we only included patients who actually used the eHealth platform (n = 123). The decrease of CCQ-symptoms was 0,20% before the intervention and 0,27% after the intervention; this difference was statistically significant (P=0.027). The decrease of CCQ-mental was 0,97% before the intervention and after the intervention there was an increase of 0,017%; this difference was statistically significant (P=0,01). No significant difference was found in the slopes of CCQ (P=0,12) and CCQ-function (P=0,11) before and after the intervention.The e-Vita eHealth platform had a potential beneficial impact on the CCQ-symptoms of COPD patients, but not on functional state. The CCQ-mental state remained stable after the intervention, but this was a deterioration compared to the improving situation before the start of the eHealth platform. In conclusion, this study shows that after the introduction of the COPD platform, patients experienced fewer symptoms, but their mental state deteriorated slightly at the same time. Therefore, health care providers should be aware that, although symptoms improve, there might be a slight increase in anxiety and depression after introducing an eHealth intervention to support self-management.Achtergrond: Een integrale behandeling inclusief zelfmanagement bij chronisch obstructieve longziekte (COPD) leidt tot betere klinische resultaten. eHealth kan zorgen voor meer betrokkenheid bij patiënten waardoor ze in staat zijn een gezondere levensstijl aan te nemen en vast te houden. Desondanks is er geen eenduidig bewijs van de impact van eHealth op de kwaliteit van leven (quality of life (QoL)). Doel: Het primaire doel van de e-Vita COPD-studie was om te onderzoeken wat de effecten zijn van het gebruik van een eHealth-platform voor patiënten op de verschillende domeinen van ziektespecifieke kwaliteit van leven van COPD-patiënten (CCQ). Methoden: We hebben de impact beoordeeld van het gebruik van een eHealth-platform op de klinische COPD-vragenlijst (CCQ). Deze vragenlijst omvatte subschalen van symptomen, functionele en mentale toestand. Een design met onderbroken tijdreeksen (interrupted time series (ITS)) is gebruikt om CCQ-gegevens op verschillende tijdstippen te verzamelen. Er is gebruik gemaakt van multilevel lineaire regressieanalyse om de CCQ-trends vóór en na de interventie te vergelijken. Resultaten: Van de 742 uitgenodigde COPD-patiënten hebben er 244 het document voor ‘informed consent’ ondertekend. In de analyses hebben we uitsluitend patiënten opgenomen die daadwerkelijk gebruik hebben gemaakt van het eHealth-platform (n=123). De afname van CCQ-symptomen was 0,20% vóór de interventie en 0,27% na de interventie; dit was een statistisch significant verschil (P=0,027). De daling van CCQ-mentale toestand was 0,97% vóór de interventie en na de interventie was er sprake van een stijging van 0,017%; dit verschil was statistisch significant (P=0,01). Er werd geen significant verschil vastgesteld in het verloop van CCQ (P=0,12) en CCQ-functionele toestand (P=0,11) vóór en na de interventie. Conclusie: Het e-Vita eHealth-platform had een gunstig effect op de CCQ-symptomen van COPD-patiënten, maar niet op de functionele status. De CCQ-mentale toestand bleef stabiel na de interventie, maar dit was een verslechtering in vergelijking met de verbeterende situatie voorafgaand aan de start van het eHealth-platform. Deze studie laat dus zien dat patiënten na de introductie van het COPD-platform minder symptomen ervaarden, maar dat hun mentale toestand tegelijkertijd licht verslechterde. Zorgprofessionals moeten zich ervan bewust zijn dat, ondanks de verbetering van symptomen, er een lichte toename van angst en depressie kan optreden na invoering van een eHealth-interventie.

Introduction In geriatric rehabilitation it is important to have timely discharge of patients, especially if they have low nursing support needs. However, no instruments are available to identify early discharge potential. Objective To evaluate if weekly scoring of a nursing support scorecard in the evenings/nights and discussing the results in the multidisciplinary team meeting, leads to potential differences in discharge of geriatric rehabilitation patients. Design Quasi-experimental study with a reference cohort (n=200) and a Back-Home implementation cohort (n=283). Setting/Participants Patients in geriatric rehabilitation in the four participating skilled nursing facilities in the Netherlands. Methods Implementation of the nursing support scorecard during one year consisted of (1) weekly scoring of the scorecard to identify the supporting nursing tasks during the evenings/nights by trained nurses, and (2) discussion of the results in a multidisciplinary team meeting to establish if discharge home planning was feasible. Data on patients' characteristics and setting before admission were collected at admission; at discharge, the length of stay, discharge destination and barriers for discharge were collected by the nursing staff. Results Both cohorts were comparable with regard to median age, gender [reference cohort: 81 (IQR 75–88) years; 66% females vs. Back-Home cohort 82 (IQR 76–87) years; 71% females] and reasons for admission: stroke (23% vs. 23%), joint replacement (12% vs. 13%), traumatic injuries (31% vs. 34%), and other (35% vs. 30%). Overall, the median length of stay for the participants discharged home in the reference cohort was 56 (IQR 29–81) days compared to 46 (IQR 30–96) days in the Back-Home cohort (p=0.08). When no home adjustments were needed, participants were discharged home after 50 (IQR 29.5–97) days in the reference cohort, and after 42.5 (IQR 26–64.8) days in the Back-Home cohort (p=0.03). Reasons for discharge delay were environmental factors (36.7%) and patient-related factors, such as mental (21.5%) and physical capacity (33.9%). Conclusion Structured scoring of supporting nursing tasks for geriatric rehabilitation patients may lead to earlier discharge from a skilled nursing facility to home, if no home adjustments are needed.

Objective: To describe changes in the health service delivery process experienced by professionals, patients and informal caregivers during implementation of a national programme to improve quality of care of geriatric rehabilitation by improving integration of health service delivery processes.Study setting: Sixteen skilled nursing facilities.Study design: Prospective study, comparing three consecutive cohorts.Data collection: Professionals (elderly care physicians, physiotherapists and nursing staff) rated four domains of health service delivery at admission and at discharge of 1075 patients. In addition, these patients [median age 79 (Interquartile range 71–85) years, 63% females] and their informal caregivers rated their experiences on these domains 4 weeks after discharge.Principal findings: During the three consecutive cohorts, professionals reported improvement on the domain team cooperation, including assessment for intensive treatment and information transfer among professionals. Fewer improvements were reported within the domains alignment with patients’ needs, care coordination and care quality. Between the cohorts, according to patients (n = 521) and informal caregivers (n = 319) there were no changes in the four domains of health service delivery.Conclusion: This national programme resulted in small improvements in team cooperation as reported by the professionals. No effects were found on patients’ and informal caregivers’ perceptions of health service delivery.

Holstege MS, Lindeboom R, Lucas C. Preoperative quadriceps strength as a predictor for short-term functional outcome after total hip replacement. Objective To determine the preoperative strength of the muscle group of the lower extremity that is most important in predicting functional recovery after primary unilateral total hip replacement (THR). Design Prospective observational study with inception cohort. Settings Joint care program (hospital care/clinical division of a nursing home/outpatient physical therapy). Participants Patients (N=55) undergoing primary unilateral THR. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Baseline measures within 2 weeks preoperative and follow-up at 6 and 12 weeks postoperative included isometric strength measurement of the hip (flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors) and knee (flexors, extensors) musculature using a handheld dynamometer. Functional outcome was tested using performance-based (Timed Up and Go Test, 6-Minute Walk Test) and self-report measures (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, subscale Physical Function [WOMAC PF], 36-Item Short Form Health Survey subscale Mental Health, visual analog scale for pain). Results Of the patients (N=55; mean age, 72.7±6.8y; 41 women) included; 18 dropped out, leaving 37 patients for analyses. After correction for WOMAC PF score at baseline, body mass index, sex, and age, the preoperative knee extensors strength measure of the operated site was the only muscle group showing a significant effect on functional outcome measured by using the WOMAC PF at 12 weeks postoperatively ( R 2 =.355; β=−.105; P for β=.004). Conclusion Preoperative greater knee extensor strength of the operated site is associated with better physical function, measured by using the WOMAC PF at 12 weeks postoperative.

Objective Although geriatric rehabilitation (GR) is beneficial for restoration of activities and participation after hospitalization of vulnerable older persons, little is known about the optimal organization of care of these postacute facilities. This study examines the relationship of patient volume and service concentration with successful GR (short length of stay and discharge home) in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Design A national multicenter retrospective cohort study. Setting and participants All patients indicated for GR in a Dutch SNF. Measurements Nurses filled out digital registration forms from patient records. Patients were studied in 3 predefined diagnostic groups: total joint replacement, traumatic injuries, and stroke. Facility characteristics were obtained by structured telephone interviews with facility managers. Volume was based on the number of discharges in a 3-month period and categorized in low-, medium-, and high-volume facilities. Concentration was defined at the organizational level in which the population consists of 80% or more of 1 or 2 diagnostic groups, with the prerequisite of having a minimum of 10 rehabilitation beds. Results From 88 facilities, 2269 GR patients (mean age 78.2 years [SD 9.7]; 68.2% female) were included. The median length of stay in the SNF was 45 days (interquartile range 23–81), 57% of the patients were discharged home, and 9.8% died during GR. Of patients with total joint replacement (n = 501), concentration was related to successful rehabilitation (odds ratio 5.7; 95% confidence interval 1.3–24.3; P = .020, adjusted for age and gender); this relationship was not found for patients with traumatic injuries or stroke. Volume showed no relation with successful rehabilitation in any of the 3 diagnostic groups. Conclusion This study may indicate that concentration in an SNF, as a proxy for specialization, favors successful GR in total joint replacement. This relationship was not found for the traumatic injuries or stroke groups, or for volume. The relation on functional outcome in GR needs further investigation.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate if the use of a structured scoring of supporting nursing tasks in the evening and night, leads to earlier discharge home in geriatric rehabilitation patients. Methods: A preand post-implementation cohort design was followed. One cohort (n = 200) was assessed before and the other (n = 283) after the implementation of the scorecard. The implementation consisted of weekly filling out a validated structured scorecard for identifying the supporting nursing tasks, discussing them in the multidisciplinary team-meeting, in order to establish if discharge home was possible with help in less than 3 nursing tasks within 2 weeks. Results: Both cohorts were comparable in age, gender and reasons for admission (mean age 80 years (SD:10); 69% females). Reason for admission were stroke (23%), joint replacement (13%), traumatic injuries (32%), and other (32%). Participants from the post-implementation cohort were discharged home earlier, within 48 days (SD:26) compared with 56 days (SD:31) in the preimplementation cohort; P =0.044. 28% of the participants that were able to be discharged home according to the supporting nursing tasks, were discharged within 2 weeks. Reasons for discharge delay were: no realized home adjustments (47%), diminished cognition participant (29%) and impaired general condition participant or informal caregiver (65%). Conclusion: The use of a scorecard for discharge planning may lead to earlier discharge home. After being indicated for discharge, this is often not realised within 2 weeks. An early inventarisation of the possibilities and barriers in the home situation is needed to avoid discharge delay.