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Background Having a physically active lifestyle after cancer diagnosis is beneficial for health, and this needs to be continued into survivorship to optimize long-term benefits. We found that patients, who participated in an 18-week exercise intervention, reported significant higher physical activity (PA) levels 4 years after participation in a randomized controlled trial of supervised exercise delivered during chemotherapy (PACT study). This study aimed to identify social-ecological correlates of PA levels in breast and colon cancer survivors 4 years after participation in the PACT study. Methods Self-reported PA levels and potential correlates (e.g. physical fitness, fatigue, exercise history, and built environment) were assessed in 127 breast and colon cancer survivors shortly after diagnosis (baseline), post-intervention and 4 years later. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify social-ecological correlates of PA 4 years post-baseline. Results The final model revealed that lower baseline physical fatigue (β = -0.25, 95% CI -0.26; -0.24) and higher baseline total PA (0.06, 95% CI, 0.03; 0.10) were correlated with higher total PA levels 4 years post-baseline. Higher baseline leisure and sport PA (0.02, 95% CI 0.01; 0.03), more recreational facilities within a buffer of 1 km (4.05, 95% CI = 1.28; 6.83), lower physical fatigue at 4-year follow-up (-8.07, 95% CI -14.00; -2.13), and having a positive change in physical fatigue during the intervention period (0.04, 95% CI 0.001; 0.07) were correlates of sport and leisure PA levels 4 years post-baseline. Conclusions This study suggests that baseline and 4-year post-baseline physical fatigue, and past exercise behaviour, were significant correlates of PA 4 years after participation in an exercise trial. Additionally, this study suggests that the built environment should be taken into account when promoting PA. Understanding of socio-ecological correlates of PA can provide insights into how future exercise interventions should be designed to promote long-term exercise behaviour. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN43801571, Dutch Trial Register NTR2138. Trial registered on 9 December 2009, http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=2138.

BACKGROUND: This prospective study investigated whether the odds of receiving a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in premature infants can be predicted at birth and for whom of these infants harvesting of umbilical cord blood (UCB) for autologous transfusion within 30 days after birth would be worthwhile. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Characteristics were evaluated from 288 premature infants with a gestational age between 24 and 36 weeks and who were admitted to our neonatal center. In 144 (63%) of these infants UCB collection was attempted and the early transfusion needs could be compared with the amount of UCB available for transfusion. RESULTS: Sixty-nine of 114 (61%) inborn infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks received one or more RBC transfusions of 10 mL per kg within 30 days after birth. Apgar score at 1 minute of less than 6 and gestational age of less than 32 weeks were independently associated with the chance of receiving a transfusion in this group. In 31 of 69 (46%) infants, at least 15 mL of UCB per kg of birth weight was collected and in 28 of 69 (41%) this would have been sufficient to cover their early transfusion needs. CONCLUSION: The decision to collect UCB for postnatal transfusion can be made just after labor, based on Apgar score and gestational age. The collection of UCB is most effective and efficient for premature infants between 29 and 31 weeks of gestation. For infants less than 29 weeks of gestation, the technical aspects of UCB collection need improvement. This pilot study requires a prospective clinical study to evaluate the proportion of premature infants that can be fully or substantially supported with autologous UCB.