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International trade requires food safety guarantees based on specialized hygiene standards, transparency procedures, and programs. Meat, because of its high water content and nutrition, can be an ideal medium for microorganism growth and multiplication. Salmonella, as one of the most common pathogens that can be transmitted from animals to humans, causes major public health problems worldwide. Although mortality is low, the disease has important social and economic consequences. Based on governmental regulation, Serbia runs an active, official control of Salmonella in meat. From January to December 2017, 193 samples of imported pork, beef, lamb, kid, and poultry meat were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. Only one (0.52%) of all analyzed samples was positive to Salmonella spp. The positive sample was frozen chicken drumsticks together with thighs originated from Poland, which makes 6.67% of the total examined poultry meat samples. Infected poultry is one of the most important reservoirs of Salmonella that are transmitted to humans through the food chain. The identity of the isolated strain was biochemically and serologically confirmed to be Salmonella Infantis. This pathogen is in the 4th place of most common Salmonella serovar among human isolates in Europe and the most common serovar isolated from poultry meat. In order to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella spp. it is necessary to maintain all the food safety standards through the whole food chain, from farm to fork.

Cases of deliberate, illegal animal poisoning are widely documented in the literature. Recently, there has been an increase in number of cases of poisoning of domestic and wild animals with highly toxic pesticides in the Republic of Serbia. During the two-year period (2016-2017), in total 40 autopsies of dogs and 2 cats from the territory of the South Bačka District were performed at the Department of Pathology at Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad” to determine the cause of death. Reasonable suspicion of poisoning in 13 dogs and 2 cats was made based on anamnestic data. The expertises were performed on request of the Republic veterinary inspector in 5 cases, and on the request of the owner in 8 cases. After autopsy, liver, kidneys and stomach content were sampled for toxicological analysis. The presence of carbofuran was determined in three dogs and one cat and the presence of 4,6-dinitro-ortho-cresol in one dog by method of gas-mass chromatography. In these cases of poisoning, on the basis of anamnestic data, clinical picture and autopsy finding it was concluded that poisonings were deliberate. Although the number of confirmed cases of domestic carnivores poisoning during the two-year period is relatively low, it is assumed that the number of undetected and undiagnosed poisoning cases is much higher. Abuse of highly toxic pesticides can have severe consequences for both public health and the overall biodiversity.

The objectives of the present paper are the analysis and comparison of the results from available literature regarding the prevalence of tetracyclineresistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry in different countries. Tetracycline is still one of the most commonly used antibiotic in many developing countries both in human and in veterinary medicine. The main reasons are its relatively low cost and availability. Besides that, this class of antibiotics is still used in developed countries for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Th e widespread use of tetracycline in poultry farming could result in horizontal transfer of resistance determinates from poultry to humans as well as to the environment. Escherichia coli, is a commensal bacteria from human and poultry digestive systems, and present one of the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance and has a signifi cant role in the transfer of various resistance determinants. Some strains of Escherichia coli are highly pathogenic and can cause several diseases in poultry which require antibiotic therapy. Positive correlation between the usage of antibiotics both in human and in veterinary medicine and the corresponding antibiotic resistance were reported by many authours. Furthermore, there is also some evidence that the positive correlations were also found between the usage of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and the appereance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from humans. Th e prudent use of tetracycline antibiotic in poultry production is essential as well as permanet monitoring of the presence of the tetracycline resistance.

Dermanyssus gallinae or the poultry red mite is currently the most im-portant ectoparasite aff ecting egg-laying hens in several countries causing reduced poultry welfare, mortality and even allergic reactions in poultry farms workers. Its short life cycle, which in optimal conditions can be com-pleted within 7 days, and ability to survive in extreme circumstances with-out a blood meal up to 13 months, and the ability to infest new fl ock, makes it even more diffi cult to eradicate. Dermanyssus gallinae prevalence rates in diff erent European countries, including Serbia, can reach up to 80-90%. Also, the poultry red mite is responsible in vector transmission of several bacterial and viral avian diseases, including Salmonella spp, Chlamydia spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Pasteurella multocida, Newcas-tle disease and Fowl poxvirus. Besides that, the poultry red mite can also transfer antimicrobial resistance genes by carrying pathogenic bacterial fl ora. Control of Dermanyssus gallinae can be divided into conventional and alternative methods. Conventional methods are mostly focused on pre-venting infestations and/or killing Dermanyssus gallinae, while alternative methods include the use of essential oils, vaccines, light, odors, predatory mites, fungi, nematodes and bacterial endosymbionts, and temperature in order to eliminate the poultry red mite. Nevertheless, this small ectopara-site still makes millions worth damage to global poultry industry.

Salmonella causes local and systemic infections of poultry, which may lead to substantial direct and indirect economic losses, presenting also significant risk to human health. The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of certain serotypes of Salmonella spp. isolated on poultry farms in Southern Bačka and Srem regions in the period from 2010 to 2014, as recommended by the Book of rules of early detection, diagnostic, prevention of spreading and eradication of Salmonella spp. We analyzed the results obtained from the laboratory for clinical bacteriology to determine number of salmonella cases. From all samples that have been submitted for bacteriology analysis, salmonellas were isolated from 7.3% samples. Salmonella infantis was isolated from 50.3% of all salmonella-positive samples, mostly from materials supplied from broiler farms. Salmonella enteritidis was most frequently isolated in broiler chickens at the rate of 48.2%. There is an increasing trend in the occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella infantis on poultry farms from year to year. Our research revealed the highest incidence of salmonella isolates in broilers that died during transportation or within the first three days upon arrival of chickens. During the five-year research period, 65 samples from parent flocks (63 from broiler breeders and 2 from parent flocks of layers) were salmonella positive, which makes 8.03% of all positive isolates. It is most likely that salmonella infection occurs due to infection of parent flocks and young chickens are infected trough both vertical and horizontal transmission. . Salmonele kod živine izazivaju infekcije lokalnog i sistemskog karaktera, dovodeći do značajnih kako direktnih tako i indirektnih ekonomskih gubitaka u industrijskom živinarstvu i predstavljaju opasnost po zdravlje ljudi. Cilj ovog rada bio je monitoring određenih sojeva Salmonella spp. propisanih Pravilnikom o utvrđivanju mera za rano otkrivanje, dijagnostiku, sprečavanje širenja, suzbijanje i iskorenjivanje infekcija živine određenim serotipovima salmonella, na teritoriji Sremskog i Južnobačkog okruga u periodu od 2010. do 2014. godine. Analizirali smo rezultate ispitivanja laboratorije za kliničku bakteriologiju. Od ukupno ispitanih bakterijskih infekcija iz kliničkog materijala u ovom petogodišnjem periodu, salmonele su izolovane u 7,3% slučajeva. Ustanovljeno je da je Salmonella infantis izolovana u 50,3% svih pozitivnih uzoraka, najčešće iz materijala dostavljenih sa farmi brojlerskih pilića. Salmonella enteritidis izolovana je u 48,2%, takođe najčešće kod brojlerskih pilića. Prisutan je trend porasta izolata Salmonella enteritidis i Salmonella infantis iz godine u godinu. Našim istraživanjem ustanovili smo da je najviše pozitivnih uzoraka bilo kod brojlera, u transportnim uginućima i uginućima iz prva tri dana starosti. Kod roditeljskih jata bilo je pozitivno 65 uzoraka u ovom petogodišnjem periodu (63 kod teške linije i 2 kod lake linije), što iznosi 8,03 % od svih pozitivnih izolata. Pretpostavlja se da je do infekcije salmonelama moglo doći usled horizontalne i vertikalne infekcije preko roditeljskih jata. .

Th e results of our 15-year long research on the eff ects of global warming in our region that relies on the database obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Serbia strongly suggested changes in the pattern of disease events associated with inevitable occurrence of heat stress in poultry regardless of the species and category. Having in mind the accelerating global warming and geographic position of Serbia the occurrence of frequent cyclical and intense meteorological extremes is expected (Kapetanov et al., 2011; Kapetanov et al., 2013; Kapetanov et al., 2013). In our country and surrounding regions characterized by continental climate, the risk from the heat stress in poultry production is limited to summer months. Still, summer period has been getting longer and is associated with increasing trend of tropical days and annual trend of global warming spreading of 0.2o geographic latitude. Heat stress of poultry is one of the most challenging problems of poultry production causing substantial damages and aff ecting all parameters of production performance and is oft en associated with sudden and massive deaths. Having in mind the aforementioned data, the objective of our research was monitoring of changes in mortality structure associated with temperature oscillations during production process with an aim of emphasizing some major sources, consequences and preventive measures related to heat stress.

The two corpses of police dogs, of Labrador retriever breed used for fi nding narcotics, were sent to the Scientific Veterinary Institute 'Novi Sad', and examined post-mortem, in order to determine the cause of death. Post-mortem examination revealed the presence of neoplastic changes in the mandibular region, pulmonary parenchyma and axillary region. The samples of neoplastic changes were sent to the Laboratory of Patohistology within the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, in order to specify the diagnosis. Histopathology examination revealed an adenocarcinoma in lungs and haemangioendothelioma in axillary region. Is there any role of drug sniffing on the occurrence of neoplasia in Labrador retriever breed is still unknown, but it could be an important factor in the development of neoplasia in these dogs. Dva leša policijskih službenih pasa, rase Labrador retriver koji se koriste za pronalaženje narkotika, dostavljeni su u Naučni institut za veterinarstvo 'Novi Sad', kako bi se na osnovu patomorfološkog pregleda utvrdio uzrok smrti. Tokom obdukcije utvrđeno je prisustvo neoplastičnih promena u mandibularnoj regiji, plućnom parenhimu i aksilarnoj regiji. Uzorci promenjenog tkiva dostavljeni su na Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Univerziteta u Beogradu, u laboratoriju za patohistologiju kako bi se odredila tačna dijagnoza. Patohistološkim nalazom utvrđeno je prisustvo adenokarcinoma u plućima i hemangioendotelioma u predelu aksilarne regije. Kakvu ulogu može imati udisanje narkotika na pojavu neoplazmi kod Labrador retrivera još uvek nije poznato, ali se pretpostavlja da to može biti jedan od faktora u nastanku neoplastičnih promena kod ovih službenih pasa.

One of the most important problems in milk production, causing great economic loses is certainly mastitis. In order to minimize economic losses from mastitis dairy farms introduce different mastitis management programs. These programs include mastitis therapy and prevention. In mastitis control prevention is most important and when mastitis occurs cost of therapy and milk discharge is very important. In our study we examined cost of mastitis treatment and milk loss in different mastitis management programs. We concluded that most costly are mastitis caused by specific pathogens. Cost of milk loss is 2.4 times bigger than cost of drug consumption. Applying of tit-dipping has great importance in reduction of mastitis caused by specific pathogens and less importance for conditional saprophytes. In total, cost of mastitis treatment on whole farm was almost the same for all mastitis management programs, while the effect of the program on farm C was the most expensive in the cows with the finding of specific pathogens.