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Dilated pericapsular renal veins are displayed as serpiginous soft-tissue densities in pericapsular fat and usually can be recognized prior to angiography. They may be seen in both benign and malignant disease but are most frequently demonstrated in renal cell carcinoma. Dilatation of these pericapsular veins is thought to be due to either renal vein compromise or simply to hypervascularity.

The generally excellent results of surgical therapy in soft disk protrusion and a less satisfactory experience in cervical spondylosis (1, 2) led the authors to investigate methods of treatment other than the traditional posterior approach. It is the purpose of this review to establish the dependability of roentgen signs in differential diagnosis, and to determine if this interpretation may be reliably utilized in deciding alternate surgical approaches such as primary anterior fusion. Disk protrusion is here considered as posterior or posterior lateral extension of intervertebral disk material, usually fibro-cartilage from the annulus, less commonly desiccated remnants of the nucleus pulposus (3, 4). By cervical spondylosis is meant densely calcified material in continuity with a portion of the vertebral body adjacent to neural tissue centrally or laterally. The term spondylosis is retained both by convention from previous literature and by the absence of a term of reasonable brevity which would more accu...