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Breast cancer is the leading cause of sex-specific female cancer death in the United States. Detection at earlier stages contributes to decrease the mortality rate. The mammography is considered the gold standard for breast cancer screening with an estimate sensitivity of 86.9% and a specificity 88.9%. However, these values are negatively affected by the breast, which is consider a risk factor for developing breast cancer. Herein, we validate the novel LED-based FDA Class I medical device Pink Luminous Breast (PLB) by the comparison of two breast screening imaging-based tests using a double blinded approach. The PLB works by emitting a LED red light with a harmless spectrum of 640-800 nanometers, the trans-illuminated breast tissue allows the observation of abnormalities represented by darker or shadowing areas. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the PLB device as a screening tool for the early detection of breast abnormalities when compared with the mammography as the gold standard. Our results showed that PLB device has a high sensitivity (89.6%) and specificity (96.4%) for detecting breast abnormalities comparable to the adjusted mammography values: 86.3% and 68.9% respectively. Importantly, the percentage of positive dense tissue findings from a total of 340 events was 266 (78.2%) using PLB vs. 248 (72.9%) detected by the mammography. A 100% of the participants responded in a survey that they feel comfortable using the device and visualizing their breast without feeling pain or discomfort during the examination. The PLB positive validation vs the mammography brings the potential to be recommended for routinely breast screening at non-clinical settings. The PLB provides a rapid, non-invasive, portable, and easy-to-use tool for breast screening that can complement the home-based BSE technique or the CBE. In addition, the PLB can be conveniently used for screening breasts with surgical implants. PLB provides an accessible and painless breast cancer screening tool. The use of this device is not intended to replace the mammography as the gold standard for breast screening but rather to use it as an adjunct or complement tool as part of more efficient earlier detection strategies and contribute to decrease this health disparity.

Laguna de Bay, in the Philippines, has been the setting for what is believed to have been one of the largest and most rapid growth fish pen developments that has occurred worldwide. Laguna de Bay is2 one of the largest lakes in Southeast Asia and has an area of 900 km Beginning with a pilot project in 1971 of 38 ha, the fish pen development expanded to 4800 ha by the end of 1973.3/ The gross annual value of production in 1973 was 76.8 million pesos. The lake is highly productive and is rich in phytoplankton and benthic food sources. One of the most important features of the fish pen aquaculture is that the rearing of fish in pens is accomplished with the natural feeds available in the lake. The species reared in the fish pens is entirely Chanos chanos (Forskal), a phytoplankton feeder. Fry are collected from fry grounds along coastal waters in various parts of the country, raised in nurseries to fingerling sizes and released for rearing in the fish pens. The lake fish pen aquaculture has been estimated to have a potential for expansion to 20,000 ha of fish pens having an annual production value of 320 million pesos. Because the lake is just south and east of Greater Manila, with a population of more than 5 million, there is an almost unlimited market for the fish pen harvests. However, there are grave problems which must be resolved if the present production is to be maintained and the future potential realized. These include environmental control of the lake waters - particularly with respect to pollution control - management of the lake fishery and resolution of social and economic problems generated by the rapid pace of fish pen development. 1Formerly Regional Fishery Officer, Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) 2/Formerly United Nations Senior Technical Adviser to the LLDA 3/7 pesos - (U.S.) $1.00 in 1973

In order to support search and retrieval of documents in digital libraries, this paper proposes an approach to visualize unorganized collections based on the results of two clustering algorithms namely k-means and COBWEB. These algorithms are implemented in Weka and they were chosen experimentally to produce a structure that can be explored by users in a 3D interface. Documents need to be processed before Weka can use them. We describe the main components of the proposed interface and show preliminary results of the application of those algorithms.