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1. Use of toenail-bounded heavy metals to characterize occupational exposure and oxidative stress in workers of waterpipe/cigarette cafés

Author: Mojtaba Behroozi, Hossein Arfaeinia, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Farhad Taghizadeh, Saeed Keshmiri, Farzaneh Nasrzadeh, Farzad Fanaei, Sina Dobaradaran, and Melika Joukar
Subjects: Adult, Male, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oxidative degradation, Population, Water Pipe Smoking, Iran, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Tobacco smoke, Urinary levels, Geochemistry and Petrology, Metals, Heavy, Occupational Exposure, Environmental health, Tobacco, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine, education, Life Style, Personal Protective Equipment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Significant difference, Heavy metals, Tobacco Products, General Medicine, Oxidative Stress, Nails, 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine, Air Pollution, Indoor, Female, Occupational exposure, business, Biomarkers, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Tobacco smoke is known for releasing metals in indoor air of waterpipe/cigarette cafes. However, the worker exposure to metals, and its association with oxidative stress in these cafes are still unclear. To this end, 54 workers and 38 customers from waterpipe/cigarette cafes (the exposed group), 30 workers from non-smoking cafes (the control group 1 (CG_1)) and 32 individuals from the general population (the control group 2 (CG_2)) were selected and toenails samples were then taken from them. Our findings revealed a significant difference in terms of toenail-bounded metal levels between the exposure and control groups (CG_1 and CG_2) (Mann–Whitney U test, Pvalue
Published: 2020
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2. Prevalence of smoking and its association with health-related behaviours among Iranian university students: a large-scale study

Author: Farshad Sharifi, Sonia Ghaffari, Hamid Yaghubi, Mehdi Varmaghani, Masoume Mansouri, Omid Sadeghi, Payam Roshanfekr, and Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Subjects: Male, Universities, Health Behavior, education, Iran, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Students, Association (psychology), Socioeconomic status, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Smoking, Health related, Feeding Behavior, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Scale (social sciences), Marital status, Female, business, Body mass index
Abstract: The prevalence of smoking and contributing factors among Iranian university students has been paid little attention.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of smoking in Iranian university students and its association with health-related behaviours.This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 82 806 Iranian university students admitted in 2012-2013. Information on demographic characteristics and health-related behaviours, including physical activity, sleep pattern, use of electronic devices and dietary habits, were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Weight and height were measured using a standard protocol and body mass index calculated. Smokers were defined as students who smoked ≥ 1 cigarette per week.Smoking was prevalent among 6.0% of university students (males 6.6%, females 5.6%). Moderate physical activity was inversely associated with odds of smoking. A significant positive association was also found between obesity and odds of being a smoker. Higher intake of fruits and dairy products were associated with lower odds of smoking. However, intake of vegetables, fast foods and carbonated beverages was positively associated with smoking. Breakfast consumption was also associated with greater odds of being a smoker.Demographic characteristics and health-related behaviours, including marital status, occupation, economic status, sleep pattern, physical activity, use of electronic devices and dietary intake, were significantly associated with smoking.انتشار التدخين وارتباطه بالسلوكيات المتعلقة بالصحة بين طلاب الجامعات الإيرانية: دراسة واسعة النطاق.معصوم المنصوري، عميد صادقي، بيام رشنفكر، فرشاد شريفي، مهدي فارماغاني، حميد يعقوبي، سونيا غفاري، محمد رضا مسجدي.لم يحظَ انتشار التدخين والعوامل المساهمة فيه سوى باهتمامٍ ضئيل بين طلاب الجامعات الإيرانية.هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم انتشار التدخين بين طلاب الجامعات الإيرانية، وارتباطه بالسلوكيات المتعلقة بالصحة.أُجريت هذه الدراسة المقطعية على عينة ضمَّت 806 82 طلاب جامعيين إيرانيين كانوا منتسبين إلى الجامعة في الفترة بين عامَيْ 2012-2013. وجُعت معلومات عن الخصائص السكانية والسلوكيات المتعلقة بالصحة، بما في ذلك النشاط البدني ونمط النوم واستخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية والعادات الغذائية، باستخدام استبيان موحَّد. وقيس الوزن والطول باستخدام بروتوكول معياري، وحُسِب منسب كتلة الجسم. وتم تعريف المدخنين بأنهم الطلاب الذين يدخّنون سيجارة واحدة أو أكثر في الأسبوع.كان التدخين منتشراً بين 6.0٪ من طلاب الجامعات (الذكور 6.6٪، والإناث 5.6٪). وكان هناك ارتباط عكسي بين النشاط البدني المعتدل واحتمالات التدخين. كما وجد ارتباط إيجابي كبير بين السمنة واحتمالات التدخين. وارتبط تناول مقدار أكبر من الفواكه ومنتجات الألبان بانخفاض احتمالات التدخين. غير أن تناول الخضروات والوجبات السريعة والمشروبات الغازية ارتبط ارتباطاً إيجابياً بالتدخين. وارتبط تناول الإفطار أيضاً باحتمالات أكبر للتدخين.ارتبطت الخصائص السكانية والسلوكيات المتعلقة بالصحة، بما فيها الحالة الزواجية والمهنة والحالة الاقتصادية ونمط النوم والنشاط البدني واستخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية والمدخول الغذائي، ارتباطاً كبيراً بالتدخين.Prévalence du tabagisme et son association avec les comportements liés à la santé parmi les étudiants iraniens : étude à grande échelle.La prévalence du tabagisme et les facteurs qui y contribuent parmi les étudiants iraniens n’ont pas fait l’objet d’une grande attention.La présente étude visait à évaluer la prévalence du tabagisme chez les étudiants iraniens et son association avec les comportements liés à la santé.La présente étude transversale a été réalisée dans un échantillon de 82 806 étudiants iraniens admis à l’université en 2012-2013. Des informations sur les caractéristiques démographiques et les comportements liés à la santé, incluant l’activité physique, les habitudes de sommeil, l’utilisation d’appareils électroniques et les habitudes alimentaires ont été recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire standardisé. Le poids et la taille ont été mesurés au moyen d’un protocole standard et l’indice de masse corporelle a été calculé. Les fumeurs ont été définis comme ceux qui fumaient une cigarette ou plus par semaine.Le tabagisme était prévalent chez 6,0 % des étudiants (hommes : 6,6 % ; femmes : 5,6 %). Une activité physique modérée était inversement associée avec la probabilité de fumer. Une corrélation positive significative a été observée entre l’obésité et la probabilité d’être fumeur. Une plus grande consommation de fruits et de produits laitiers était associée avec une probabilité plus faible de fumer. En revanche, on a noté une corrélation positive entre la consommation de légumes, d’aliments de restauration rapide et de boissons gazeuses et le tabagisme. La prise de petit-déjeuner était également associée à une plus grande probabilité d’être fumeur.Les caractéristiques démographiques et les comportements liés à la santé, incluant la situation matrimoniale, professionnelle et économique, les habitudes de sommeil, l’activité physique, l’utilisation d’appareils électroniques et les apports alimentaires, entretenaient un lien significatif avec le tabagisme.
Published: 2020
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3. The Concentration of Nicotine in Indoor Air of the Cafes of Tehran and the Biological Levels of Nicotine and Cotinine in Exposed Smokers in These Cafes

Author: Hossein Arfaeinia, M Alipour, F Taghizdeh, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Sanaz Hamzehali, and Sonia Ghaffari
Subjects: Nicotine, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, business.industry, Indoor air, Environmental health, medicine, Cotinine, business, medicine.drug
Published: 2020
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4. The effect of price on cigarette consumption, distribution, and sale in Tehran: a qualitative study

Author: Nasir Dehghan, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh, Raed Bahelah, Kenneth D. Ward, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Ziyad Ben Taleb, Abdurrahman Charkazi, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, and Younes Panahi Golestan
Subjects: Distribution (economics), Iran, Cigarette distribution, Humans, Medicine, health care economics and organizations, Cigarette sale, Consumption (economics), business.industry, Research, Smoking, Cigarette tax, Tobacco control, Commerce, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Advertising, Tobacco Products, Taxes, Purchasing, Smuggling, Consumption distribution, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Qualitative study, Biostatistics, business, Qualitative research
Abstract: Background Appropriate increases in tobacco taxes and prices are an essential component of comprehensive tobacco control strategies. This study investigates factors related to the use, sale, and distribution of cigarettes in Iran, focusing on the relationship between cigarette price and its consumption. Methods This interview-based qualitative study was conducted among 20 participants, including cigarette smokers, retail shop owners, large-scale distributors, and an expert in tobacco control research. Results Seven themes were extracted from participant interviews, including the type and price of cigarette, the best time to sell cigarettes, profits from the sale of cigarette, affordability, rise in cigarette price and smokers’ reaction to it, lobbying and black-market sales of cigarettes, and the sale and distribution of cigarettes across the country. Although the price of cigarettes in Iran has shown some increases in the past decade, the timing of these increases are not predictable and the limited amount of these increases has not reduced the use of cigarettes. Following a price increase, consumers are more likely to switch from buying packets to single cigarettes, or buy a less expensive brand, then to quit. Moreover, increases in prices may encourage smokers and sellers to buy a large number of cigarettes and store them for a rainy day. Another adverse effect may be increased smuggling of illicit cigarettes to balance the pressure caused by rising prices. Conclusions Our findings highlight two important aspects concerning cigarette pricing in Iran. First is the change in the type of purchase from the whole box of cigarettes to the single stick cigarette or swapping to less expensive cigarettes. Second, increase in cigarette price (either through taxing or regular increases) could be offset by flooding smuggled cigarettes into the market. Therefore, in addition to raising cigarette prices, reducing cigarette consumption rates in Iran requires the development and effective implementation of regulatory policies to control cigarette smuggling, reduce purchasing, and subsequently curb the use of this leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality.
Published: 2021
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5. The Crazy-Paving Pattern in Chest CT Imaging of COVID-19 Patients: An Alarming Sign for Hospitalization

Author: Mehdi Gholamzadeh Baeis, Mandana Afsharpad, Mahdi Yadollahzadeh, Fatemeh Movaseghi, Ahmad Sohrabi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Abolfazl Mozafari
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Medical record, Outbreak, Disease, medicine.disease, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Pneumonia, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Radiological weapon, Epidemiology, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business
Abstract: Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat to all humans. Objectives: To assess the association between the patients’ clinical and laboratory records, computed tomography (CT) findings, and epidemiological features of COVID-19 with the severity of the disease. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study conducted on the medical records of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients on admission, we investigated the CT manifestations and clinical and laboratory risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The medical records and radiological CT features of confirmed COVID-19 patients were reviewed in one public hospital and one respiratory clinic in Qom, Iran, from August 1 to September 30, 2020. Results: Of 236 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 62 were infected with moderate to severe COVID-19 and required hospital admission, and 174 were followed-up on an outpatient basis. A significant difference was found in the mean age of the outpatient and hospitalized groups. The incidence of bilateral lung involvement, consolidations, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram, and number of lobes involved were significantly higher in the hospitalized group compared to the outpatient group. However, the crazy-paving pattern was only significantly associated with an oxygen saturation (SpO2) level < 90% and, coughing. Our findings indicated that the crazy-paving pattern was significantly associated with the inflammatory phase. The presence of this pattern on admission, SpO2 < 90%, older age, and diabetes were independent risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. Conclusion: The crazy-paving pattern can predict the severity of COVID-19, which is of great importance in the management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Clinical factors, such as aging, male gender, and diabetes, may be risk factors for the crazy-paving pattern. Severe cough is the most important clinical sign related to this pattern, along with an SpO2 < 90%, which is an important sign of COVID-19 severity.
Published: 2021
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6. Domestic Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in Children <10 Years: Findings From Iran’s Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS-2010)

Author: Farshad Sharifi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Mehdi Varmaghani, Gita Shafiee, Payam Roshanfekr, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Sonia Ghaffari
Subjects: Social Psychology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, technology, industry, and agriculture, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030508 substance abuse, complex mixtures, Tobacco smoke, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, Secondhand smoking, Environmental health, Health survey, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Multiple indicator, 0305 other medical science, business, General Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: Secondhand smoking (SHS) is one of the important risk factors among non-communicable diseases and is responsible for more than 1% of the total burden of diseases among under five-year-old children....
Published: 2019
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7. The Effect of Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation on Respiratory and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author: Mohammad Hashemian, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Esmaeil Mortaz, Atefeh Fakharian, and Reyhaneh Zahiri
Subjects: Mechanical ventilation, medicine.medical_specialty, COPD, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, law.invention, Therapeutic approach, law, Internal medicine, Breathing, medicine, Respiratory system, business, Cause of death
Abstract: Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an airway obstructive disease that is often caused by smoking. The disease is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide. The current therapeutic approach is based on Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) therapy, which can reduce mortality, the need for hospitalization in the intensive care unit, and to some extent therapeutic complications. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effect of non-invasive ventilation along with routine treatments on respiratory markers, inflammation, and clinical status of patients with COPD. Methods: A total of 30 patients with COPD referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital were divided into control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, 15 patients underwent non-invasive ventilation in addition to the usual treatments, and in the control group, the patients underwent only the usual treatments. After completing the mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) questionnaire and evaluating FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Value in one score), 5 ml of blood samples were taken from these patients at the beginning of the study, on the seventh to tenth day, and also in the third month, and the results of this evaluation were compared between the two groups. Results: Based on the results of this study, the mMRC score of the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group in the first week (p=0.043) and three months after treatment (p=0.049). However, indices such as FEV1, and IL-8(Interleukin-8) did not change significantly in both groups. Conclusion: The use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation along with standard treatments can play a relative role in improving patient outcomes.
Published: 2021
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8. Development of a Novel Scoring System for Comprehensive COVID-19 Patient Evaluation: An Evidence-based Systematic Review

Author: Abdollah Karimi, Mojgan Sarmadi, Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei, Mahboobeh Haji Abdolbaghi, Ali Bidari, Roxana Mansour Ghanaie, Katayoun Tayeri, Maryam Rajabnejad, Seyed Alireza Fahimzad, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Armin Shirvani, Fatemeh Fallah, Majid Mokhtari, and Shahnaz Armin
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based practice, Scoring system, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Specific test, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Context (language use), Patient management, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Patient evaluation, Medical physics, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract: Context: In the era of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, new scoring systems need to be developed to estimate the risk of COVID-19 complications aiding in the accurate prognosis. Improved scoring systems by combining multiple variables allow clinicians to optimize the allocation of limited medical resources for the best clinical outcomes. Methods: Published articles were selected that assessed the relationship between clinical, para-clinical, demographics, co-morbidities, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in a systematic review to develop a novel scoring system. Results: In this study, by summarizing the results of 97 studies and the experiences of experts, prognostic factors were determined and divided into four groups: Age, clinical symptoms, co-morbidities, and tests. Twenty-three published articles met the selection criteria and were included in this study. Accordingly, by the opinion of experts, prognostic factors were categorized into four main groups: Age, clinical symptoms, co-morbidities, and specific test results. Conclusions: This novel scoring model helps physicians to early identify critical COVID-19 patients and optimize patient management based on recent comprehensive data of the most significant predictive factors.
Published: 2020
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9. Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies

Author: Bousquet, Jean, Cristol, Jean-Paul, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Anto, Josep M, Martineau, Adrian, Haahtela, Tari, Fonseca, Susana C, Iaccarino, Guido, Blain, Hubert, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Canonica, G Walter, Fonseca, Joao A, Vidal, Alain, Choi, Hak-Jong, Kim, Hyun Ju, Le Moing, Vincent, Reynes, Jacques, Sheikh, Aziz, Akdis, Cezmi A, Zuberbier, Torsten, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Baharudin, Abdullah, Werner, Aberer, Nancy, Abusada, Ian, Adcock, Alejandro, Afani, Ioana, Agache, Xenofon, Aggelidis, Jenifer, Agustin, Cezmi, A Akdis, Mübeccel, Akdis, Mona, Al-Ahmad, Abou Al-Zahab Bassam, Hussam, Alburdan, Oscar, Aldrey-Palacios, Emilio Alvarez Cuesta, Hiba Alwan Salman, Ashraf, Alzaabi, Salma, Amade, Gene, Ambrocio, Rosana, Angles, Isabella, Annesi-Maesano, Ignacio, J Ansotegui, Josep, M Anto, Paula Ara Bardajo, Stefania, Arasi, Margarete, Arrais, Hasan, Arshad, Maria-Cristina, Artesani, Estrella, Asayag, Francesca, Avolio, Khuzama, Azhari, Claus, Bachert, Diego, Bagnasco, Ilaria, Baiardini, Nissera, Bajrović, Petros, Bakakos, Sergio Bakeyala Mongono, Christine, Balotro-Torres, Sergio, Barba, Cristina, Barbara, Elsa, Barbosa, Bruno, Barreto, Joan, Bartra, Xavier, Basagana, Eric, D Bateman, Lkhagvaa, Battur, Anna, Bedbrook, Martín Bedolla Barajas, Bianca, Beghé, Antra, Bekere, Elizabeth, Bel, Ali Ben Kheder, Mikael, Benson, Elena-Camelia, Berghea, Karl-Christian, Bergmann, Roberto, Bernardini, David, Bernstein, Mike, Bewick, Slawomir, Bialek, Artur, Białoszewski, Thomas, Bieber, Nils, E Billo, Maria-Beatrice, Bilo, Carsten, Bindslev-Jensen, Leif, Bjermer, Hubert, Blain, Irina, Bobolea, Malgorzata Bochenska Marciniak, Christine, Bond, Attilio, Boner, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bonini, Sinthia, Bosnic-Anticevich, Isabelle, Bosse, Sofia, Botskariova, Jacques, Bouchard, Louis-Philippe, Boulet, Rodolphe, Bourret, Philippe, Bousquet, Fulvio, Braido, Andrew, Briggs, Christopher, E Brightling, Jan, Brozek, Luisa, Brussino, Roland, Buhl, Roxana, Bumbacea, Rosalva, Buquicchio, María-Teresa Burguete Cabañas, Andrew, Bush, William, W Busse, Jeroen, Buters, Fernan, Caballero-Fonseca, Moïses, A Calderon, Mario, Calvo, Paulo, Camargos, Thierry, Camuzat, R Canevari, F, Antonio, Cano, G Walter Canonica, Arnaldo, Capriles-Hulett, Luis, Caraballo, Vicky, Cardona, Kai-Hakon, Carlsen, Jonas Carmona Pirez, Jorge, Caro, Warner, Carr, Pedro, Carreiro-Martins, Fredelita, Carreon-Asuncion, Ana-Maria, Carriazo, Carme Carrion, Y Ribas, Thomas, Casale, Mary-Ann, Castor, Elizabeth, Castro, G Caviglia, A, Lorenzo, Cecchi, Alfonso Cepeda Sarabia, Maciej, Chalubinski, Ramanathan, Chandrasekharan, Yoon-Seok, Chang, Victoria, Chato-Andeza, Lida, Chatzi, Christina, Chatzidaki, Niels, H Chavannes, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, Aurora-Alejandra Chavez Garcia, Marta, Chelninska, Yuzhi, Chen, Lei, Cheng, Sharon, Chinthrajah, Tomas, Chivato, Ekaterine, Chkhartishvili, George, Christoff, Henry, Chrystyn, Derek, K Chu, Antonio, Chua, Alexander, Chuchalin, Kian Fan Chung, Alberto, Cicerán, Cemal, Cingi, Giorgio, Ciprandi, Ieva, Cirule, Ana-Carla, Coelho, Enrico, Compalati, Jannis, Constantinidis, Jaime Correia de Sousa, Elisio Manuel Costa, David, Costa, María Del Carmen Costa Domínguez, André, Coste, Cottini, M, Linda, Cox, Carlos, Crisci, Maria Angiola Crivellaro, Alvaro, A Cruz, John, Cullen, Adnan, Custovic, Biljana, Cvetkovski, Wienczyslawa, Czarlewski, Gennaro, D'Amato, Jane da Silva, Ronald, Dahl, Sven-Erik, Dahlen, Vasilis, Daniilidis, Louei Darjazini Nahhas, Ulf, Darsow, Janet, Davies, Frédéric de Blay, Giulia De Feo, Eloisa De Guia, José-Ricardo De la Torre Navarrete, Chato De Los Santos, Esteban De Manuel Keenoy, Govert De Vries, Diana, Deleanu, Pascal, Demoly, Judah, Denburg, Philippe, Devillier, Alain, Didier, Sanja Dimic Janjic, Maria, Dimou, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Ratko, Djukanovic, Maria Do Ceu Texeira, Dejan, Dokic, Margarita Gabriela Domínguez Silva, Habib, Douagui, Nikolaos, Douladiris, Maria, Doulaptsi, Gérard, Dray, Ruta, Dubakiene, Eve, Dupas, Stephen, Durham, Marzia, Duse, Mark, Dykewicz, Didier, Ebo, Natalija, Edelbaher, Thomas, Eiwegger, Patrik, Eklund, Yehia, El-Gamal, Zeinab, A El-Sayed, Shereen, S El-Sayed, Magda, El-Seify, Regina, Emuzyte, Lourdes, Enecilla, Marina, Erhola, Heidilita, Espinoza, Jesús Guillermo Espinoza Contreras, John, Farrell, Lenora, Fernandez, Paola Fimbres Jimenez, Antje Fink Wagner, Alessandro, Fiocchi, Wytske, J Fokkens, Lenia, Folletti, Joao, A Fonseca, Jean-François, Fontaine, Francesco, Forastiere, Jose Miguel Fuentes Pèrez, Emily, Gaerlan-Resureccion, Mina, Gaga, José Luis Gálvez Romero, Amiran, Gamkrelidze, Alexis, Garcia, Cecilia Yvonne García Cobas, María de la Luz Hortensia García Cruz, Valeria Garcia Ortiz, Jacques, Gayraud, Matteo, Gelardi, Bilun, Gemicioglu, Dimitra, Gennimata, Sonya, Genova, José, Gereda, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Antonio, Giuliano, René-Maximiliano, Gomez, Miguel-Ange Gonzalez Ballester, Sandra González Diaz, Maia, Gotua, Christos, Grigoreas, Ineta, Grisle, Marta, Guidacci, Nick, Guldemond, Zdenek, Gutter, Antonieta, Guzmán, Tari, Haahtela, Ramsa, Halloum, David, Halpin, Eckard, Hamelmann, Suleiman, Hammadi, Richard, Harvey, Enrico, Heffler, Joachim, Heinrich, Adnan, Hejjaoui, Birthe, Hellquist-Dahl, Luiana Hernández Velázquez, Mark, Hew, Elham, Hossny, Peter, Howarth, Martin, Hrubiško, Yunuen Rocío Huerta Villalobos, Marc, Humbert, Salina, Husain, Michael, Hyland, Guido, Iaccarino, Moustafa, Ibrahim, Nataliya, Ilina, Maddalena, Illario, Cristoforo, Incorvaia, Antonio, Infantino, Carla, Irani, Zhanat, Ispayeva, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Edgardo Ej Jares, Deborah, Jarvis, Ewa, Jassem, Klemen, Jenko, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz Uscanga, Sebastian, L Johnston, Guy, Joos, Maja, Jošt, Kaja, Julge, Ki-Suck, Jung, Jocelyne, Just, Marek, Jutel, Igor, Kaidashev, Omer, Kalayci, Fuat, Kalyoncu, Jeni, Kapsali, Przemyslaw, Kardas, Jussi, Karjalainen, Carmela, A Kasala, Michael, Katotomichelakis, Loreta, Kavaliukaite, Kazi, S Bennoor, Thomas, Keil, Paul, Keith, Musa, Khaitov, Nikolai, Khaltaev, You-Young, Kim, Bruce, Kirenga, Jorg, Kleine-Tebbe, Ludger, Klimek, Fanny, W Ko, Bernard Koffi N'Goran, Evangelia, Kompoti, Peter, Kopač, Gerard, Koppelman, Anja Koren Jeverica, Seppo, Koskinen, Mitja, Košnik, Tomasz, Kostka, Kosta, V Kostov, Marek, L Kowalski, Tanya, Kralimarkova, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Helga, Kraxner, Samo, Kreft, Vicky, Kritikos, Dmitry, Kudlay, Mikael, Kuitunen, Inger, Kull, Piotr, Kuna, Maciej, Kupczyk, Violeta, Kvedariene, Marialena, Kyriakakou, Nika, Lalek, Massimo, Landi, Stephen, Lane, Désiree, E Larenas-Linnemann, Susanne, Lau, Daniel, Laune, Jorge, Lavrut, Lan, Le, Martina, Lenzenhuber, Gualtiero, Leo, Marcus, Lessa, Michael, Levin, Jing, Li, Philip, Lieberman, Giuseppe, Liotta, Brian, Lipworth, Xuandao, Liu, Rommel, Lobo, Karin, C Lodrup Carlsen, Carlo, Lombardi, Renaud, Louis, Stelios, Loukidis, Olga, Lourenço, Jorge, A Luna Pech, Bojan, Madjar, Enrico, Maggi, Antoine, Magnan, Bassam, Mahboub, Alpana, Mair, Anke-Hilse Maitland van der Zee, Mika, Makela, Michael, Makris, Hans-Jorgen, Malling, Mariana, Mandajieva, Patrick, Manning, Manolis, Manousakis, Pavlos, Maragoudakis, Gianluigi, Marseglia, Gailen, Marshall, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Jorge, F Máspero, Juan José Matta Campos, Marcus, Maurer, Sandra, Mavale-Manuel, Cem, Meço, Erik, Melén, Giovanni, Melioli, Elisabete, Melo-Gomes, Eli, O Meltzer, Enrica, Menditto, Andrew, Menzies-Gow, Hans, Merk, Jean-Pierre, Michel, Yann, Micheli, Neven, Miculinic, Luís, Midão, Florin, Mihaltan, Nikolaos, Mikos, Manlio, Milanese, Branislava, Milenkovic, Dimitrios, Mitsias, Bassem, Moalla, Giuliana, Moda, María Dolores Mogica Martínez, Yousser, Mohammad, Frances-Montserrat, Moharra, Mostafa, Moin, Mathieu, Molimard, Isabelle, Momas, Monique, Mommers, Alessandro, Monaco, Stephen, Montefort, Lucia-Elvira, Montenegro, Riccardo, Monti, Dory, Mora, Mario, Morais-Almeida, Ralph, Mösges, Badr Eldin Mostafa, Joaquim, Mullol, Lars, Münter, Antonella, Muraro, Ruth, Murray, Antonio, Musarra, Tihomir, Mustakov, Robert, Naclerio, Kari, C Nadeau, Rachel, Nadif, Alla, Nakonechna, Leyla, Namazova-Baranova, Gretchen, Navarro-Locsin, Hugo, Neffen, Kristof, Nekam, Angelos, Neou, Eustachio, Nettis, Daniel, Neuberger, Laurent, Nicod, Stefania, Nicola, Verena, Niederberger-Leppin, Marek, Niedoszytko, Antonio, Nieto, Ettore, Novellino, Elizabete, Nunes, Dieudonné, Nyembue, Robyn, E O'Hehir, Cvetanka, Odjakova, Ken, Ohta, Yoshitaka, Okamoto, Kimi, Okubo, Brian, Oliver, Gabrielle, L Onorato, Maria Pia Orru, Solange, Ouédraogo, Kampadilemba, Ouoba, Francisco-Javier, Padilla, Pier Luigi Paggiaro, Aris, Pagkalos, Pajno, Giovanni Battista, Gianni, Pala, P Palaniappan, S, Isabella, Pali-Schöll, Susanna, Palkonen, Stephen, Palmer, Carmen Panaitescu Bunu, Petr, Panzner, Nikos, G Papadopoulos, Vasilis, Papanikolaou, Alberto, Papi, Bojidar, Paralchev, Giannis, Paraskevopoulos, Hae-Sim, Park, Giovanni, Passalacqua, Vincenzo, Patella, Ian, Pavord, Ruby, Pawankar, Soren, Pedersen, Susete, Peleve, Simona, Pellegino, Ana, Pereira, Mariana, Pereira, Tamara, Pérez, Andrea, Perna, Diego, Peroni, Oliver, Pfaar, Nhân, Pham-Thi, Bernard, Pigearias, Isabelle, Pin, Konstantina, Piskou, Constantinos, Pitsios, Davor, Plavec, Dagmar, Poethig, Wolfgang, Pohl, Antonija Poplas Susic, Todor, A Popov, Fabienne, Portejoie, Paul, Potter, Lars, Poulsen, Alexandra, Prados-Torres, Fotis, Prarros, David, Price, Emmanuel, Prokopakis, Francesca, Puggioni, Elisa, Puig-Domenech, Robert, Puy, Klaus, Rabe, Silvia, Rabotti, Filip, Raciborski, Josephine, Ramos, Cristina, Recalcati, Marysia, T Recto, Shereen, M Reda, Frederico, S Regateiro, Norbert, Reider, Sietze, Reitsma, Susana, Repka-Ramirez, Erminia, Ridolo, Janet, Rimmer, Daniela Rivero Yeverino, José Angelo Rizzo, Carlos, Robalo-Cordeiro, Graham, Roberts, Karen, Robles, Nicolas, Roche, Mónica Rodríguez González, Eréndira Rodríguez Zagal, Giovanni, Rolla, Christine, Rolland, Regina, Roller-Wirnsberger, Miguel Roman Rodriguez, Antonino, Romano, Jan, Romantowski, Philippe, Rombaux, Joel, Romualdez, Jose, Rosado-Pinto, Nelson, Rosario, Lanny, Rosenwasser, Oliviero, Rossi, Menachem, Rottem, Philip, W Rouadi, Nikoleta, Rovina, Irma Rozman Sinur, Mauricio, Ruiz, Lucy Tania Ruiz Segura, Dermot, Ryan, Hironori, Sagara, Daiki, Sakai, Daiju, Sakurai, Wafaa, Saleh, Johanna, Salimaki, Konstantinos, Samitas, Boleslaw, Samolinski, María Guadalupe Sánchez Coronel, Mario, Sanchez-Borges, Jaime, Sanchez-Lopez, Melissa, Sansonna, Codrut, Sarafoleanu, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, Joaquin, Sastre, Eleonora, Savi, Agne, Savonyte, Bisher, Sawaf, Glenis, K Scadding, Sophie, Scheire, Peter, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Juan Francisco Schuhl, Holger, Schunemann, Maria, Schvalbová, Jorgen, Schwarze, Nicola, Scichilone, Gianenrico, Senna, Cecilia, Sepúlveda, Elie, Serrano, Sara, Shamai, Aziz, Sheikh, Mike, Shields, Vasil, Shishkov, Nikos, Siafakas, Alexander, Simeonov, Estelle Fer Simons, Juan Carlos Sisul, Brigita, Sitkauskiene, Ingelbjorg, Skrindo, Tanja Soklič Košak, Dirceu, Solé, Martin, Sondermann, Talant, Sooronbaev, Manuel, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Soto-Quiros, Barnaro Sousa Pinto, Milan, Sova, Michael, Soyka, Krzysztof, Specjalski, Annette, Sperl, Otto, Spranger, Sofia, Stamataki, Lina, Stefanaki, Cristiana, Stellato, Rafael, Stelmach, Timo, Strandberg, Petra, Stute, Abirami, Subramaniam, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Michael, Sutherland, Silvia, Sylvestre, Aikaterini, Syrigou, Luis Taborda Barata, Nadejda, Takovska, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tan, Ing Ping Tang, Masami, Taniguchi, Line, Tannert, Pongsakorn, Tantilipikorn, Jessica, Tattersall, Filippo, Tesi, Uta, Thieme, Carel, Thijs, Mike, Thomas, Teresa, To, Ana Maria Todo-Bom, Alkis, Togias, Peter-Valentin, Tomazic, Vesna, Tomic-Spiric, Sanna, Toppila-Salmi, Maria-José Torres Jaen, Elina, Toskala, Massimo, Triggiani, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Triller, Ioanna, Tsiligianni, Uberti, M, Ruxandra, Ulmeanu, Jure, Urbancic, Marilyn Urrutia Pereira, Martina, Vachova, Felipe, Valdés, Rudolf, Valenta, Marylin Valentin Rostan, Antonio, Valero, Arunas, Valiulis, Mina, Vallianatou, Erkka, Valovirta, Michiel Van Eerd, Eric Van Ganse, Marianne van Hage, Olivier, Vandenplas, Tuula, Vasankari, Dafina, Vassileva, Cesar Velasco Munoz, Maria Teresa Ventura, Cécilia, Vera-Munoz, Frédéric, Viart, Dilyana, Vicheva, Pakit, Vichyanond, Petra, Vidgren, Giovanni, Viegi, Claus, Vogelmeier, Leena Von Hertzen, Theodoros, Vontetsianos, Dimitris, Vourdas, Vu Tran Thien Quan, Martin, Wagenmann, Samantha, Walker, Dana, Wallace, Yun De Wang, Susan, Waserman, Katrin, Wehner, Magnus, Wickman, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Williams, Nicola, Wilson, Gary, Wong, Kent, Woo, Lucyna, Wozniak, John, Wright, Piotr, Wroczynski, Paraskevi, Xepapadaki, Plamen, Yakovliev, Masao, Yamaguchi, Kwok, Yan, Yoke Yeow Yap, Mais, Yassin, Barbara, Yawn, Panayiotis, Yiallouros, Arzu, Yorgancioglu, Shigemi, Yoshihara, Ian, Young, Osman, B Yusuf, Asghar, Zaidi, Fares, Zaitoun, Petra, Zalud, Heather, Zar, T Zedda, M, Mario, E Zernotti, Luo, Zhang, Nanshan, Zhong, Mihaela, Zidarn, Torsten, Zuberbier, Celia, Zubrinich, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Humboldt University Of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital [Finland] (HUCH), Departamento de Geociencias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territorio (DGAOT), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Istituto Clinico Humanitas [Milan] (IRCCS Milan), Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Center of Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), AgroParisTech, World Institute of Kimchi [Gwangju], Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Edinburgh, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, Universidade do Porto, University of Naples Federico II, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), MORNET, Dominique, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Bousquet J., Cristol J.-P., Czarlewski W., Anto J.M., Martineau A., Haahtela T., Fonseca S.C., Iaccarino G., Blain H., Fiocchi A., Canonica G.W., Fonseca J.A., Vidal A., Choi H.-J., Kim H.J., Le Moing V., Reynes J., Sheikh A., Akdis C.A., Zuberbier T., Abdul Latiff A.H., Abdullah B., Aberer W., Abusada N., Adcock I., Afani A., Agache I., Aggelidis X., Agustin J., Akdis M., Al-Ahmad M., Al-Zahab Bassam A., Alburdan H., Aldrey-Palacios O., Alvarez Cuesta E., Alwan Salman H., Alzaabi A., Amade S., Ambrocio G., Angles R., Annesi-Maesano I., Ansotegui I.J., Ara Bardajo P., Arasi S., Arrais M., Arshad H., Artesani M.-C., Asayag E., Avolio F., Azhari K., Bachert C., Bagnasco D., Baiardini I., Bajrovic N., Bakakos P., Bakeyala Mongono S., Balotro-Torres C., Barba S., Barbara C., Barbosa E., Barreto B., Bartra J., Basagana X., Bateman E.D., Battur L., Bedbrook A., Bedolla Barajas M., Beghe B., Bekere A., Bel E., Ben Kheder A., Benson M., Berghea E.-C., Bergmann K.-C., Bernardini R., Bernstein D., Bewick M., Bialek S., Bialoszewski A., Bieber T., Billo N.E., Bilo M.-B., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bjermer L., Bobolea I., Bochenska Marciniak M., Bond C., Boner A., Bonini M., Bonini S., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Botskariova S., Bouchard J., Boulet L.-P., Bourret R., Bousquet P., Braido F., Briggs A., Brightling C.E., Brozek J., Brussino L., Buhl R., Bumbacea R., Buquicchio R., Burguete Cabanas M.-T., Bush A., Busse W.W., Buters J., Caballero-Fonseca F., Calderon M.A., Calvo M., Camargos P., Camuzat T., Canevari F., Cano A., Canonican G.W., Capriles-Hulett A., Caraballo L., Cardona V., Carlsen K.-H., Carmona Pirez J., Caro J., Carr W., Carreiro-Martins P., Carreon-Asuncion F., Carriazo A.-M., CarrionyRibas C., Casale T., Castor M.-A., Castro E., Caviglia A.G., Cecchi L., Cepeda Sarabia A., Chalubinski M., Chandrasekharan R., Chang Y.-S., Chato-Andeza V., Chatzi L., Chatzidaki C., Chavannes N.H., Chaves Loureiro C., Chavez Garcia A.-A., Chelninska M., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chinthrajah S., Chivato T., Chkhartishvili E., Christoff G., Chrystyn H., Chu D.K., Chua A., Chuchalin A., Chung K.F., Ciceran A., Cingi C., Ciprandi G., Cirule I., Coelho A.-C., Compalati E., Constantinidis J., Correia de Sousa J., Costa E.M., Costa D., del Carmen Costa Dominguez M., Coste A., Cottini M., Cox L., Crisci C., Crivellaro M.A., Cruz A.A., Cullen J., Custovic A., Cvetkovski B., D'Amato G., da Silva J., Dahl R., Dahlen S.-E., Daniilidis V., Darjazini Nahhas L., Darsow U., Davies J., de Blay F., De Feo G., De Guia E., De la Torre Navarrete J.-R., De los Santos C., De Manuel Keenoy E., De Vries G., Deleanu D., Demoly P., Denburg J., Devillier P., Didier A., Dimic Janjic S., Dimou M., Dinh-Xuan A.T., Djukanovic R., Do Ceu Texeira M., Dokic D., Dominguez Silva M.G., Douagui H., Douladiris N., Doulaptsi M., Dray G., Dubakiene R., Dupas E., Durham S., Duse M., Dykewicz M., Ebo D., Edelbaher N., Eiwegger T., Eklund P., El-Gamal Y., El-Sayed Z.A., El-Sayed S.S., El-Seify M., Emuzyte R., Enecilla L., Erhola M., Espinoza H., Espinoza Contreras J.G., Farrell J., Fernandez L., Fimbres Jimenez P., Fink Wagner A., Fokkens W.J., Folletti L., Fontaine J.-F., Forastiere F., Fuentes Perez J.M., Gaerlan-Resureccion E., Gaga M., Galvez Romero J.L., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia A., Garcia Cobas C.Y., de la Luz Hortensia Garcia Cruz M., Ortiz V.G., Gayraud J., Gelardi M., Gemicioglu B., Gennimata D., Genova S., Gereda J., Gerth van Wijk R., Giuliano A., Gomez R.-M., Gonzalez Ballester M.-A., Gonzalez Diaz S., Gotua M., Grigoreas C., Grisle I., Guidacci M., Guldemond N., Gutter Z., Guzman A., Halloum R., Halpin D., Hamelmann E., Hammadi S., Harvey R., Heffler E., Heinrich J., Hejjaoui A., Hellquist-Dahl B., Hernandez Velazquez L., Hew M., Hossny E., Howarth P., Hrubisko M., Huerta Villalobos Y.R., Humbert M., Husain S., Hyland M., Ibrahim M., Ilina N., Illario M., Incorvaia C., Infantino A., Irani C., Ispayeva Z., Ivancevich J.C., Jares E.E., Jarvis D., Jassem E., Jenko K., Jimeneracruz Uscanga R.D., Johnston S.L., Joos G., Jost M., Julge K., Jung K.-S., Just J., Jutel M., Kaidashev I., Kalayci O., Kalyoncu F., Kapsali J., Kardas P., Karjalainen J., Kasala C.A., Katotomichelakis M., Kavaliukaite L., Bennoor K.S., Keil T., Keith P., Khaitov M., Khaltaev N., Kim Y.-Y., Kirenga B., Kleine-Tebbe J., Klimek L., Ko F.W., Koffi N'Goran B., Kompoti E., Kopac P., Koppelman G., Koren Jeverica A., Koskinen S., Kosnik M., Kostka T., Kostov K.V., Kowalski M.L., Kralimarkova T., Kramer Vrscaj K., Kraxner H., Kreft S., Kritikos V., Kudlay D., Kuitunen M., Kull I., Kuna P., Kupczyk M., Kvedariene V., Kyriakakou M., Lalek N., Landi M., Lane S., Larenas-Linnemann D.E., Lau S., Laune D., Lavrut J., Le L., Lenzenhuber M., Leo G., Lessa M., Levin M., Li J., Lieberman P., Liotta G., Lipworth B., Liu X., Lobo R., Lodrup Carlsen K.C., Lombardi C., Louis R., Loukidis S., Lourenco O., Luna Pech J.A., Madjar B., Maggi E., Magnan A., Mahboub B., Mair A., Maitland van der Zee A.-H., Makela M., Makris M., Malling H.-J., Mandajieva M., Manning P., Manousakis M., Maragoudakis P., Marseglia G., Marshall G., Masjedi M.R., Maspero J.F., Matta Campos J.J., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Meco C., Melen E., Melioli G., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E.O., Menditto E., Menzies-Gow A., Merk H., Michel J.-P., Micheli Y., Miculinic N., Midao L., Mihaltan F., Mikos N., Milanese M., Milenkovic B., Mitsias D., Moalla B., Moda G., Mogica Martinez M.D., Mohammad Y., Moharra F.-M., Moin M., Molimard M., Momas I., Mommers M., Monaco A., Montefort S., Montenegro L.-E., Monti R., Mora D., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mostafa B.E., Mullol J., Munter L., Muraro A., Murray R., Musarra A., Mustakov T., Naclerio R., Nadeau K.C., Nadif R., Nakonechna A., Namazova-Baranova L., Navarro-Locsin G., Neffen H., Nekam K., Neou A., Nettis E., Neuberger D., Nicod L., Nicola S., Niederberger-Leppin V., Niedoszytko M., Nieto A., Novellino E., Nunes E., Nyembue D., O'Hehir R.E., Odjakova C., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Oliver B., Onorato G.L., Orru M.P., Ouedraogo S., Ouoba K., Padilla F.-J., Paggiaro P.L., Pagkalos A., Pajno G., Pala G., Palaniappan S., Pali-Scholl I., Palkonen S., Palmer S., Panaitescu Bunu C., Panzner P., Papadopoulos N.G., Papanikolaou V., Papi A., Paralchev B., Paraskevopoulos G., Park H.-S., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Pavord I., Pawankar R., Pedersen S., Peleve S., Pellegino S., Pereira A., Pereira M., Perez T., Perna A., Peroni D., Pfaar O., Pham-Thi N., Pigearias B., Pin I., Piskou K., Pitsios C., Plavec D., Poethig D., Pohl W., Poplas Susic A., Popov T.A., Portejoie F., Potter P., Poulsen L., Prados-Torres A., Prarros F., Price D., Prokopakis E., Puggioni F., Puig-Domenech E., Puy R., Rabe K., Rabotti S., Raciborski F., Ramos J., Recalcati C., Recto M.T., Reda S.M., Regateiro F.S., Reider N., Reitsma S., Repka-Ramirez S., Ridolo E., Rimmer J., Rivero Yeverino D., Rizzo J.A., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Roberts G., Robles K., Roche N., Rodriguez Gonzalez M., Rodriguez Zagal E., Rolla G., Rolland C., Roller-Wirnsberger R., Roman Rodriguez M., Romano A., Romantowski J., Rombaux P., Romualdez J., Rosado-Pinto J., Rosario N., Rosenwasser L., Rossi O., Rottem M., Rouadi P.W., Rovina N., Rozman Sinur I., Ruiz M., Ruiz Segura L.T., Ryan D., Sagara H., Sakai D., Sakurai D., Saleh W., Salimaki J., Samitas K., Samolinski B., Sanchez Coronel M.G., Sanchez-Borges M., Sanchez-Lopez J., Sansonna M., Sarafoleanu C., Sarquis Serpa F., Sastre J., Savi E., Savonyte A., Sawaf B., Scadding G.K., Scheire S., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Schuhl J.F., Schunemann H., Schvalbova M., Schwarze J., Scichilone N., Senna G., Sepulveda C., Serrano E., Shamai S., Shields M., Shishkov V., Siafakas N., Simeonov A., Simons E.F., Sisul J.C., Sitkauskiene B., Skrindo I., Soklic Kosak T., Sole D., Sondermann M., Sooronbaev T., Soto-Martinez M., Soto-Quiros M., Pinto B.S., Sova M., Soyka M., Specjalski K., Sperl A., Spranger O., Stamataki S., Stefanaki L., Stellato C., Stelmach R., Strandberg T., Stute P., Subramaniam A., Suppli Ulrik C., Sutherland M., Sylvestre S., Syrigou A., Taborda Barata L., Takovska N., Tan R., Tan F., Tan V., Tang I.P., Taniguchi M., Tannert L., Tantilipikorn P., Tattersall J., Tesi F., Thieme U., Thijs C., Thomas M., To T., Todo-Bom A.M., Togias A., Tomazic P.-V., Tomic-Spiric V., Toppila-Salmi S., Torres Jaen M.-J., Toskala E., Triggiani M., Triller N., Triller K., Tsiligianni I., Uberti M., Ulmeanu R., Urbancic J., Urrutia Pereira M., Vachova M., Valdes F., Valenta R., Valentin Rostan M., Valero A., Valiulis A., Vallianatou M., Valovirta E., Van Eerd M., Van Ganse E., van Hage M., Vandenplas O., Vasankari T., Vassileva D., Velasco Munoz C., Ventura M.T., Vera-Munoz C., Viart F., Vicheva D., Vichyanond P., Vidgren P., Viegi G., Vogelmeier C., Von Hertzen L., Vontetsianos T., Vourdas D., Tran Thien Quan V., Wagenmann M., Walker S., Wallace D., De Wang Y., Waserman S., Wehner K., Wickman M., Williams S., Williams D., Wilson N., Wong G., Woo K., Wozniak L., Wright J., Wroczynski P., Xepapadaki P., Yakovliev P., Yamaguchi M., Yan K., Yap Y.Y., Yassin M., Yawn B., Yiallouros P., Yorgancioglu A., Yoshihara S., Young I., Yusuf O.B., Zaidi A., Zaitoun F., Zalud P., Zar H., Zedda M.T., Zernotti M.E., Zhang L., Zhong N., and Zidarn M.
Subjects: MAPK/ERK pathway, ARIA group, Allergy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], NF-KAPPA-B, debelost, Review, Pharmacology, Resveratrol, PROTECTS, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS, Medicine and Health Sciences, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, OXIDATIVE STRESS, COVID-19, Foods, Insulin resistance, Nrf2, Nutrients, Obesity, TRPA1, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, RESPIRATORY, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, Muscle cell proliferation, SULFORAPHANE, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, SIGNALING PATHWAY, Signal transduction, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, NRF2 ACTIVATORS, MUSCLE-CELL PROLIFERATION, Immunology, 610 Medicine & health, Lung injury, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, ACUTE LUNG INJURY, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19, Foods, Insulin resistance, Nrf2, Nutrients, Obesity, TRPA1, udc:616.9, odpornost proti inzulinu, SULFORAPHANE PROTECTS, Transcription factor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, food, medicine.disease, chemistry, hranila, SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, business, hrana, GREEN TEA
Abstract: There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.
Published: 2020
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10. The Crazy-paving Pattern in Chest CT of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients; an Alarming Sign for Hospitalization

Author: Abolfazl Mozafari, Mehdi Yadollahzadeh, Fatemeh Movaseghi, Ahmad Sohrabi, Mehdi Gholamzadeh Baeis, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Mandana Afsharpad
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Chest ct, medicine, Radiology, business, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract: Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) becomes an enormous threat to all human beings. Via this retrospective study conducted on medical records of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients on admission, we investigate the CT manifestation and clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia and assessed the association among clinical and laboratory records, CT findings, and epidemiological features. The medical records and radiological CT Features of 236 confirmed COVID-19 patients were reviewed at one public hospital and one respiratory clinic in Quom, from 1 August to 30 September 2020. Results: Among a total of 236 confirmed Covid-19 cases, 62 were infected with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease and required hospital admission, and 174 were followed up on outpatient bases. A significant difference was verified in the mean age between outpatients and hospitalized groups. The incidences of bilateral lung involvement, consolidation, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram sign, and the number of lobe involvement were significantly higher in hospitalized groups. However, only the crazy-paving pattern was significantly associated with an SpO2 level lower than 90%, with clinical sign of cough severity. Our data indicate that this pattern is also significantly associated with inflammatory levels and the presence of this pattern along with SpO2 level lower than 90%, older age, diabetes, on admission are independent risk factors for COVID-19 progression to severe level.Conclusions: The crazy-paving pattern can predict the severity of COVID-19, which is of great significance for the management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients. The clinical factors of aging, male gender, and diabetes, may be risk factors for the crazy-paving pattern, whereas severe coughing is considered to be the most important clinical symptom related to this pattern, and SpO2 level lower than 90%, which is a matter of more severity.
Published: 2020
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11. Health Culture and Presenting a Paradigmatic Model Focusing on Human Papillomavirus Disease

Author: Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Elaheh Ainy, Esmaeel Kavousy, Mohsen Ameri Shahrabi, Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi, and Narges Soltanizadeh
Subjects: Sexually transmitted disease, business.industry, Health Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Exploratory research, Human Papillomavirus, Obstetrics and Gynecology, lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics, Faculty, Grounded theory, Risk perception, Dignity, Reproductive Medicine, Medicine, Original Article, Health education, Clergy, Family Practice, business, Social psychology, lcsh:RG1-991, Health policy, Qualitative research, media_common
Abstract: Objective: In this study, we developed a paradigmatic model focusing on human papillomavirus (HPV) diseases, in order to formulate a theory by investigating pathology in health culture using Grounded Theory, as an inductive and exploratory research method. Materials and methods: It was a qualitative study, and data were collected using in-depth interviews with 20 people (10 men and 10 women) with cultural and religious specialties (clergy). In total, twenty interviews were conducted (mean duration = 45 min) using a semi-structured guide consisting of open-ended questions. All recordings were transcribed verbatim in Persian. All items were extracted based on the participants' responses and related literature. After data collection, the basic theory analysis was performed in terms of the three steps as follows: free coding, axial encryption, the implementation, refinement, and writing the theories in line with selective coding theoretical models. Finally, the paradigm model was determined from the presented models. Results: The paradigm model emerged from professors, clergy, and authorized people, showed that religious taboos about sexually transmitted diseases; lack of wise management, comprehensive supervision, compliance with health standards in the country, proper legislation regarding sexually transmitted diseases as causal factors, awareness, health education in the country, public demand for health, individual dignity, punishment for health detractors, familiarity with individual rights as intervening factors, concern for human lives, health, and belief in fatalism; ethnic differences; irresponsibility; risk perception; high cost of HPV vaccine; immorality in health speech; disregard for people's lives; gender differences as contextual factors; and the consequences is increasing burden of diseases due to sexually transmitted disease such as (HPV). Conclusion: It seems the overall lack of a health-based approach could be a major concern due to the weakness of cultural management in society that requires the involvement and intervention of all policymakers, health planners, authorized people, professors, elites, and clerics to control this major cultural health problem.
Published: 2020
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12. A global respiratory perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: Commentary and action proposals

Author: Tamaz Maghlakelidze, Alvaro A. Cruz, Marina Erhola, Sandra Diaz, Luís Taborda-Barata, Mina Gaga, Elizabete Nunes, Rafael Stelmach, Giovanni Viegi, Digambar Behera, B. Pigearias, Sian Williams, Yousser Mohammad, Innes Asher, Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Jean Bousquet, K. S. Bennoor, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Asma El-Sony, Cláudia Conceição, Letitia Harding, Teresa To, Talant Sooronbaev, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Arunas Valiulis, Chen Wang, Le Thi Tuyet Lan, and David M.G. Halpin
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Health care provider, COVID19, Pneumonia, Viral, MEDLINE, infectious diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, Community level, Health management system, business.industry, Perspective (graphical), COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, global respiratory perspective, COPD, Asthma, Editorial, 030228 respiratory system, Action (philosophy), business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract: To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected over five million individuals worldwide and killed hundreds of thousands individuals of all ages and ethnicities. People with chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) are particularly vulnerable to respiratory infections. In this document, we, an international group of respiratory health care providers and researchers, summarised our hands-on experience and lessons learned from combating COVID-19 according to three perspectives: 1) patient level: interactions with health care providers; 2) health care provider level: real-time experience sharing; and 3) community level: environmental impact, air pollution. Our proposed actions and implementations are practical and feasible and may foster deeper thoughts and considerations into how to move forward in managing the heavy respiratory burden in times of COVID-19., This paper offers practical and feasible actions to be implemented at patient, health care provider and community level to combat COVID-19 while attending, maintaining and strengthening ongoing health management in people with lung diseases.
Published: 2020
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13. Evaluation of the Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy on the Healing Process After Skin Graft Surgery in Burned Patients (A Randomized Clinical Trial)

Author: Mostafa Dahmardehei, Mahnoush Momeni, Zahra Razagi, Nooshafarin Kazemikhoo, Mohammad Reza Razagi, Mohammad Amir Amirkhani, Soheila Mokmeli, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Fereshteh Ansari, and Reza Vaghardoost
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, macromolecular substances, Dermatology, law.invention, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, In patient, Low level laser therapy, Treated group, integumentary system, Therapeutic Technique, Wound dehiscence, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Surgery, Nephrology, Original Article, Graft survival, Wound healing, business
Abstract: Introduction: Skin graft is the standard therapeutic technique in patients with deep ulcers, but like every surgical procedure, it may present some complications. Although several modern dressings are available to enhance comfort of donor site, the use of techniques that accelerate wound healing may enhance patient's satisfaction. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in several medical fields, especially for wound healing, but it may take several months for large ulcers treated with laser to heal completely. Methods: Nine patients with bilateral similar grade 3 burn ulcers in both hands or both feet were selected as candidates for split-thickness skin graft (STSG). One side was selected for laser irradiation and the other side as control, randomly. Laser was irradiated every day for 7 days with red 655 nm light, 150 mW, 2 J/cm2 at the bed of the ulcer and with infra-red 808 nm light, 200 mW for the margins. Results: The rate of wound dehiscence after skin graft surgery was significantly lower in laser treated group in comparison to control group which received only classic dressing (P=0.019). Conclusion: The results showed LLLT to be a safe effective method which improves graft survival and wound healing process and decreases the rate of wound dehiscence in patients with deep burn ulcers.
Published: 2018
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14. Body mass index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study

Author: Philip Pattemore, Eduardo G. Perez-Yarza, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Luis Garcia-Marcos, Alexander C. Ferguson, Jing-Long Huang, Pascual Chiarella, Francesco Forastiere, Neil Pearce, Hywel Williams, Emilija Vlaski, Javier Mallol, Gary Wong, Clare Wall, and Heather Zar
Subjects: Male, Canada, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Body height, Physical activity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vigorous physical activity, Child, Exercise, Body mass index, Priority journal, Asthma, business.industry, Lithuania, General Medicine, Body weight, medicine.disease, Multicenter study, Clinical trial, Cross-Sectional Studies, Body mass, Energy expenditure, Spain, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), business, Human
Abstract: Aim To examine the relationship between reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) and body mass index (BMI) in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). Methods In the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three, 75,895 children's parents and 199,502 adolescents answered questions relating to VPA, height and weight. The association between VPA and BMI was analysed using general linear models, adjusting for country gross national index. Results Compared to children who undertook no VPA, those in the infrequent group (once or twice per week) and those in the frequent group (three or more times per week) had mean (95%CI) BMI values 0.07 kg/m2 (0.03 to 0.11) and 0.09 kg/m2 (0.03 to 0.15) greater respectively (P=0.001). Compared to adolescents reporting no VPA, those in the infrequent group had a BMI 0.19 kg/m2 (0.15 to 0.23) greater while those in the frequent group had a BMI 0.01 kg/m2 (-0.03 to 0.05) greater (P
Published: 2017
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15. The effects of smoking on treatment outcome in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis

Author: Hamid Soori, G Heidari, Habib Emami, Mehdi Kazempour Dizagie, Masoud Baikpour, Payam Tabarsi, Mostafa Hosseini, Mahshid Aryanpur, Esmaeil Mortaz, and Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Tuberculosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Treatment outcome, Antitubercular Agents, Newly diagnosed, Iran, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Aged, business.industry, Smoking, Sputum, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, 030228 respiratory system, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, Smoking status, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Setting Smoking is reported to be associated with tuberculosis (TB), but its effect on sputum smear conversion remains a matter for discussion. Objective To assess the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on treatment outcomes in patients newly diagnosed with TB in Iran. Design Newly diagnosed smear-positive TB patients were included in the study. All smokers participated in a smoking cessation programme. Sputum smear status was evaluated at the end of month 2, 5 and 6 of treatment, and smoking status was evaluated at the end of month 2. Differences in smear conversion rates were compared between the three groups, i.e., non-smokers, smokers and quitters. Results A total of 183 smokers and 151 non-smokers were included. When smoking cessation was assessed after 2 months, 42.6% (78/183) of the smokers were found to have quit. The cure rate at the end of 6 months, precisely compatible with the conversion rate, was significantly higher among non-smokers (P = 0.004) and quitters at 2 months (P = 0.049) than among persisting smokers (83.4%, 80.8% and 67.6%, respectively). Conclusion Cure rates in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary TB were higher in non-smokers and quitters at 2 months than in smokers. Smoking cessation advice should be included in TB control programmes.
Published: 2017
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16. Electronic cigarette, effective or harmful for quitting smoking and respiratory health: A quantitative review papers

Author: Arezoo Ebn Ahmady, Lida Fadaizadeh, Fahimeh Chamyani, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Gholamreza Heydari
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Smoking device, Cessation, medicine.medical_specialty, Alternative medicine, Scientific literature, tobacco, smoking, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, vaping, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, Respiratory health, lcsh:RC705-779, business.industry, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, e-cigarettes, Original Article, business, Electronic cigarette, respiration
Abstract: Background: In recent years, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been heavily advertised as an alternative smoking device as well as a possible cessation method. We aimed to review all published scientific literature pertaining to ECs and to present a simple conclusion about their effects for quitting smoking and respiratory health. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a search of PubMed, limited to English publications upto September 2014. The total number of papers which had ECs in its title and their conclusions positive or negative regarding ECs effects were computed. The number of negative papers was subtracted from the number of positive ones to make a score. Results: Of the 149 articles, 137 (91.9%) were accessible, of which 68 did not have inclusion criteria. In the 69 remaining articles, 24 studies supported ECs and 45 considered these to be harmful. Finally, based on this evidence, the score of ECs (computed result with positive minus negative) was −21. Conclusion: Evidence to suggest that ECs may be effective and advisable for quitting smoking or a safe alternative for smoking is lacking and may instead harm the respiratory system. However, further studies are needed.
Published: 2017

17. Cigarette smoking in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran

Author: Masoud Baikpour, Hamid Soori, Mahshid Aryanpur, G. Heydari, Esmail Mortaz, Mostafa Hosseini, Payam Tabarsi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Habib Emami
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Multivariate analysis, Cross-sectional study, Health Behavior, 050109 social psychology, Newly diagnosed, Iran, Tobacco smoke, Interviews as Topic, Habits, Risk Factors, Pulmonary tuberculosis, 0502 economics and business, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Smoking, 05 social sciences, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Infectious Diseases, Multivariate Analysis, Female, Rural area, business, Chi-squared distribution, 050203 business & management
Abstract: BACKGROUND The association between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and tobacco smoke has been verified by most studies on the subject; figures from different countries for the prevalence of smoking among PTB patients vary. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with smoking among TB patients in Iran. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, subjects were included on a first-come, first-served basis from among newly diagnosed PTB patients using a multistage cluster sampling method during 2012-2014. Data were collected during face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire was used to gather information on smoking habits. RESULTS Of 1127 newly diagnosed PTB patients included in the study (mean age 50.0 ± 19.8 years), 228 (20.2%) were daily smokers, 20 (1.8%) were occasional smokers and 93 (8.9%) had quit before diagnosis. Simultaneous drug use (P < 0.001, OR 75.21), increasing age (P = 0.001), being single (P < 0.001, OR 16.95), being an Iranian national (P < 0.001, OR 6.26) and living in a rural area (P < 0.001, OR 5.85) were found to be independent risk factors for smoking in study patients. CONCLUSION The prevalence of smoking among PTB patients in Iran is relatively high. It is therefore necessary to include smoking cessation interventions in the National TB Programme.
Published: 2016
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18. Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease in Iran: Prevalence and Risk Factors for COPD in North of Iran

Author: A. Sonia Buist, Ali Sharifpour, Hamidreza Jamaati, Hadis Najafimehr, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mohsen Aarabi, Mostafa Ghanei, Golnar Radmand, and Hooman Sharifi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Spirometry, prevalence, lcsh:Medicine, Iran, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cause of death, Univariate analysis, COPD, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, lcsh:R, burden of obstructive lung disease, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Obstructive lung disease, Cluster sampling, Original Article, Airway obstruction, Rural area, business
Abstract: Background: Globally chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was reported as the fourth leading cause of death (5.1%) in 2004 and is projected to occupy the third position (8.6%) in 2030. The goal of the present project is to describe the prevalence and risk factors of COPD in a province in the north of Iran. Methods: This study followed a stratified cluster sampling strategy with proportional allocation within strata. The stratification of the sample according to the 31 provinces of Iran is incorporated in the sampling process. The single most important outcome measure obtained as part of this protocol was spirometry before and after the administration of 200 mg (2 puffs) of salbutamol. The descriptive statistics for categorical variables included the number and percent and for continues variables included the mean ± SD. Results: A total of 1007 subjects were included in the study. Among all participants, 46 (5%) subjects had COPD on the basis of symptoms and 43 (8.3%) subjects had COPD on the basis of spirometry criteria. In univariate analysis, urban inhabitants in comparison with rural inhabitants had lower COPD risk (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24–0.95), smoker had higher risk compared with nonsmokers (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.01–3.82), and subjects with exposure to dust (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.09–3.94) had higher risk compared with contrary status. Conclusions: This study showed that occupational and environmental smoke exposure was associated with COPD. A new design of preventive measures must be taken to control cooking energy and cooking stoves, particularly in rural areas.
Published: 2018

19. Domestic Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in Children

Author: Masoume Mansouri, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Gita Shafiee, Payam Roshanfekr, Farshad Sharifi, and Mehdi Varmaghani
Subjects: education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Odds ratio, Tobacco smoke, National study, Medicine, Health survey, Multivariable model, Multiple indicator, Rural area, business, education, Demography
Abstract: Backgrounds: This study was carried out to address this gap of knowledge at national and provincial levels. Methods: Iran9s Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS) 2010 was a multi-stage stratified cluster-random cross-sectional national study over all provinces with a sample that representative of general population at district levels of provinces. Analyses were performed on data of the participants who were Results: 52.48% (50.82% – 52.14%) were male. 61.42% (55.42 – 67.11%) were resident of urban regions. After adjustment for WHO population, the standardized prevalence of second hand smoking at national level was 25.59% (22.56% – 28.89%). There was no difference in term of second hand smoking between male and female (25.70% vs. 25.48 in male and female retrospectively). The highest standardized prevalence was reported from Chaharmahal & Bakhtiyari, west Azerbaijan, and Hamadan (44.7%, 43.86%, and 39.07%, respectively. In multivariable model, second hand smoking were positively associated with residency in rural area (Odds Ratio= 1.25; 95% CI 1.09 – 1.rs. 43). Conclusion: Whiles the prevalence of second hand smoking among children of Iran were lower the worldwide prevalence, with attention to easy preventive expose to second hand smoking, it should with legislation and changing of culture this rate could decrease.
Published: 2018
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20. Evaluation success rate of quit smoking among referral patients to our Anti tobacco clinic Since 2013 to 2015 based on new approach

Author: Homeira Bigdeli, Mehrnaz Benrazavi, and Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Referral, Epidemiology, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, NGO, lcsh:RA1-1270, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Quit smoking, counselling, Family medicine, Medicine, business, quiting
Abstract: Introduction This study aimed to evaluate achieving success in patients referred to IRANIAN Ant tobacco Association clinic(NGO) represents an appropriate sample of IRAN ‘S Population in comparison with universal organization during 2013-2015.Since failure to quit will occur in a high percentage of patients stricken with smoking we intended to examine our approach for quit in comparison other universal approach. Methods In this cohort study patients between 20-65 years that referred to our clinic were included. After questioner filled out for each patients, so patient filled out demographic properties in another form, after that co test was done. Quit smoking which were based on private counselling at our first step for 45 minutes and medication(drug,gums,skin patch) was periscribed.Those patients that high risk for CVD and Pulmonary disease and peripheral vascular disease refers to subspecialty center .After 3 weeks sharing idea in group classes were done FOR 2-3 HOURS, and we explain patient problems,difficulties,experiences,reasons of failure to quit and reasons of success, and help to patients that refuse of medication, Then patient followed after 1 ,3,6,12 months after first visit. Results Among 388 patients.(313 males,75 females) participated in this study. 134males(42.8%)26 females(34.6%) quitted smoking successfully. Overall(males and females) percent of success rate was 41.2% after 12 months follow up. Conclusions We demonstrate private counselling with patients at our first step ,then sharing idea in group class were of higher efficacy & satisfactory results in comparison to those applied by other general universal organizations and clinic and we saw increased percent of quit smoking and success rate.
Published: 2018

21. Evaluation of concurrent use of tobacco products (water pipe and cigarettes) and associated factors in adults in Tehran

Author: Sogol Sobhani, Zahra Hessami, Gholamreza Heydari, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Hooman Sharifi
Subjects: Related factors, lcsh:RC705-779, Health (social science), business.industry, education, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine (miscellaneous), Mean age, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, Disease cluster, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, WCTOH, Increased risk, Environmental health, medicine, Environmental science, Water pipe, Nicotine dependence, business
Abstract: Background Dual use of tobacco products such as cigarettes and water pipe may be associated with increased risk of nicotine dependence and smoking-related complications. Accurate statistics are not available in this regard in Iran. Thus, this study sought to assess the prevalence of dual cigarette/water pipe smoking and its related factors in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on Tehran residents over 15 years of age selected via cluster, multi-stage randomized sampling from different geographical districts of Tehran in November and December 2014. The data were collected using the water pipe section of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Results A total of 1,830 individuals participated in this study; of which, 243 (13.3%) were exclusive water pipe smokers, 76 (4.2%) were dual smokers of cigarettes and water pipe and 120 (6.6%) were exclusive cigarette smokers. Of dual smokers, 86.8% were males and 13.2% were females (P< 0.001). The mean age was 28.01±8.7 yearsin exclusive water pipe smokers and 33.1±1.1 yearsin dual smokers (P< 0.001). Male sex (adj. OR: 3.8) and older age (adj. OR: 1.06) increased the odds of dual smoking. Conclusions The prevalence of dual smoking and exclusive water pipe smoking was 4.2% and 13.3%, respectively. Exclusive cigarette smoking had a prevalence of 6.1%. The frequency of dual smoking of cigarettes and water pipe was considerably high. Dual smokers had a higher mean age than exclusive water pipe smokers and they were mostly males. The mean age at initiation of water pipe smoking in dual smokers was lower than the mean age at the onset of cigarette smoking. In other words, dual smokers started water pipe smoking sooner than cigarette smoking. Future studies with different methodologies are required to further scrutinize the relationship of water pipe and cigarette smoking.
Published: 2018

22. Comparison of concomitant use of water pipe and cigarette to exclusive cigarette smoking

Author: Mahshid Aryanpur, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Zahra Hessami, Hamidreza Jamaati, and Hooman Sharifi
Subjects: lcsh:RC705-779, Health (social science), business.industry, education, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine (miscellaneous), lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, WCTOH, Cigarette smoking, Concomitant, Environmental health, Water pipe, Medicine, business
Abstract: Background In spite of increasing prevalence of concomitant use of water pipe and cigarette there is no enough information in this field. So the concomitant use of water pipe and cigarette and its comparison to only cigarette smoking were evaluated in this study. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out through stratified multistage sampling in several districts of Tehran. The trained interviewers collected the data about water pipe and cigarette smoking by going to the houses randomly. Results The study had 1830 participants among which 243 participants only consumed water pipe, 120 cases only smoked cigarette and 76 cases (4.2%) were dual users.There was no significant difference in both groups by sex. The mean age of dual users and exclusive cigarette smokers were 33.1±11.3 and 46±16.5 years respectively (p≤0.001). Comparing to cigarette smokers (35.2%), most of the dual users (64.7%) believed that water pipe is not addictive (p=0.001). 13.2% of dual users and 5.3% of cigarette users believed that water pipe smoking is safer than cigarette smoking(p< 000). While 54.1% of dual users and 78.5% of cigarette smokers believed that waterpipe consumption could cause serious diseases. Conclusions Younger age and misconception about safety of water-pipe in comparison to cigarette were significantly more in dual users than exclusive cigarette users. It is necessary to promote the knowledge about harms of water-pipe smoking in society especially among youth.
Published: 2018
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23. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018): Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology

Author: Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, L. Cecchi, F. Portejoie, T. Vontetsianos, Olivier Vandenplas, M. van Hague, D. Mora Bogado, M. Illario, Dana Wallace, L. Namazova-Baranova, E. Asayag, I. Ribeirinho, E. Costa, Shona Pedersen, Inger Kull, Davor Plavec, M. Morais-Almeida, Mickael Bewick, N.H. Chavannes, I. J. Ansotegui, G. De Carlo, K. S. Bennoor, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, S. Arnavielle, F. Corti, Moises A. Calderon, Martín Bedolla-Barajas, Mette Sørensen, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Elaine Colgan, Przemyslaw Kardas, M. van Eerd, Jorge Maspero, Valérie Siroux, Isabelle Momas, Ralph Mösges, Yves Dauvilliers, T. Keil, T. Bieber, Marit Westman, Rachel Nadif, O. Pfaar, A.C. Carvalho Coehlo, R. M. Cortés-Grimaldo, I. Skrindo, Piotr Kuna, Nicola Scichilone, Antonella Muraro, Kimihiro Okubo, Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos, C. Cartier, Oliver Pfaar, K. Ohta, Barbara P. Yawn, Igor Kaidashev, Michel Thibaudon, X. Basagana, I. Kaidashev, Bilun Gemicioglu, S. Genova, Hae-Sim Park, J.J. Matta Campos, Simon Walker, Ulf Darsow, Fulvio Braido, J. Salimäki, T. Zuberbier, Raphaël Chiron, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, G.D. Marshall, Branislava Milenkovic, W. J. Fokkens, Eric D. Bateman, Robert M. Naclerio, Steve Montefort, M. de Fátima Emerson, T. Werfel, Cemal Cingi, A. Szylling, Martin Wagenmann, I. Baiardini, L. T. T. Le, N. Khaltaev, Ki-Suck Jung, Agnieszka Lipiec, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, A Valero, R. Gerth van Wijk, L. Hernández, Marek L. Kowalski, C. Zubrinich, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Miguel A. Sierra, Erik Melén, T. Haahtela, Rute Almeida, Violeta Kvedariene, R. Pawankar, T.A. Popov, Flore Amat, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, M. Gotua, A. Sheikh, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, B. De Martino, Gérard Dray, Francesca Avolio, E. Mandajieva, B. Samolinski, Petr Panzner, P. Kuna, Philippe-Jean Bousquet, T. D. Nyembue, Luo Zhang, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Ana Maria Carriazo, João Fonseca, E. Van Ganse, Roland Buhl, M. Bochenska Marciniak, Cristiana Stellato, J. da Silva, J. E. 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Prokopakis, Anne Lise Courbis, Sergio Bonini, Ruta Dubakiene, A. Papi, Y. El-Gamal, Jacques Mercier, Wytske Fokkens, Rodolphe Bourret, S. Palkonen, A. Yorgancioglu, G. Vezzani, J. A. Rizzo, D. Plavec, D. Caillot, G. De Feo, E. Menditto, Caterina Bucca, A. C. Pozzi, Hironori Sagara, I. Grisle, I. Pin, Christopher E. Brightling, Ludger Klimek, F.F. Morato-Castro, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Alessandro Vatrella, A. A. Cruz, Guy Joos, E.D. Bateman, Erendira Rodriguez-Zagal, H. Douagui, T. To, Edgardo Jares, C. Bindslev-Jensen, G. Levato, J. O. B. Hourihane, R. Rajabian-Soderlund, C. Odzhakova, J. Bousquet, M. T. Ventura, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Osman M. Yusuf, H. J. Zar, Giovanni Rolla, Sebastian L. Johnston, M.S. Dykewicz, Esben Eller, A. Gamkrelidze, Filip Raciborski, Renzo Angles, Rafael Stelmach, M. Nogues, David Price, Mário Morais-Almeida, Tari Haahtela, Teresa To, D. Conforti, Stephen R. Durham, S. Gonzalez Diaz, V. Cardona, Werner Aberer, B. Milenkovic, Luigi Napoli, K. C. 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Alberti, Jean-Louis Pépin, Kimi Okubo, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Patrik Eklund, Benoit Pugin, C. Dario, Mussa Khaitov, Luisa Brussino, A.G. Chuchalin, Elísio Costa, Susanna Palkonen, Lars Münter, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, R.E. Pulido Ross, Ettore Novellino, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, María Antonieta Guzmán, G.W. Canonica, Gabriel Onorato, Giuseppe De Carlo, R.E. Roller-Wirnsberger, Brian J. Lipworth, M. A. Guzman, J.N. Tebyriçá, Adnan Custovic, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Rimantas Stukas, P. Manning, J. Sastre-Dominguez, Caroline L.S. George, Robyn E O'Hehir, K. Maciej, Bassam Mahboub, J. F. Fontaine, Arũnas Valiulis, Xavier Rodó, D. Vicheva, G. Canfora, Vitalis Briedis, S. Rodrigues Valle, Mark S. Dykewicz, Joanne Rimmer, G. Castellano, B. Pigearias, A. L. Boner, Yunuen Rocío Huerta-Villalobos, Christine Rolland, H. Neffen, H. Arshad, Javier Gómez-Vera, P. Moura Santo, Frederic Viart, F. Blasi, J. Garcia-Aymerich, Lorenzo Cecchi, V. Niedeberger, Giorgio Ciprandi, F. 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Amat, Juan Carlos Sisul, Jawad Hajjam, Ana Todo-Bom, Enrica Menditto, Bousquet J., Hellings P.W., Agache I., Amat F., Annesi-Maesano I., Ansotegui I.J., Anto J.M., Bachert C., Bateman E.D., Bedbrook A., Bennoor K., Bewick M., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Brozek J., Brussino L., Canonica G.W., Cardona V., Casale T., Cepeda Sarabia A.M., Chavannes N.H., Cecchi L., Correia de Sousa J., Costa E., Cruz A.A., Czarlewski W., De Carlo G., De Feo G., Demoly P., Devillier P., Dykewicz M.S., El-Gamal Y., Eller E.E., Fonseca J.A., Fontaine J.-F., Fokkens W.J., Guzman M.-A., Haahtela T., Illario M., Ivancevich J.-C., Just J., Kaidashev I., Khaitov M., Kalayci O., Keil T., Klimek L., Kowalski M.L., Kuna P., Kvedariene V., Larenas-Linnemann D., Laune D., Le L.T.T., Carlsen K.L., Lourenco O., Mahboub B., Mair A., Menditto E., Milenkovic B., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mullol J., Murray R., Naclerio R., Namazova-Baranova L., Novellino E., O'Hehir R.E., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Onorato G.L., Palkonen S., Panzner P., Papadopoulos N.G., Park H.-S., Paulino E., Pawankar R., Pfaar O., Plavec D., Popov T.A., Potter P., Prokopakis E.P., Rottem M., Ryan D., Salimaki J., Samolinski B., Sanchez-Borges M., Schunemann H.J., Sheikh A., Sisul J.-C., Rajabian-Soderlund R., Sooronbaev T., Stellato C., To T., Todo-Bom A.-M., Tomazic P.-V., Toppila-Salmi S., Valero A., Valiulis A., Valovirta E., Ventura M.-T., Wagenmann M., Wang D.Y., Wallace D., Waserman S., Wickman M., Yorgancioglu A., Zhang L., Zhong N., Zidarn M., Zuberbier T., Aberer W., Akdis C.A., Akdis M., Alberti M.R., Almeida R., Angles R., Arnavielle S., Asayag E., Asarnoj A., Arshad H., Avolio F., Bacci E., Baiardini I., Barbara C., Barbagallo M., Baroni I., Barreto B.A., Basagana X., Bedolla-Barajas M., Beghe B., Bel E.H., Bergmann K.C., Benson M., Bertorello L., Bialoszewski A.Z., Bieber T., Bialek S., Bjermer L., Blain H., Blasi F., Blua A., Bochenska Marciniak M., Bogus-Buczynska I., Boner A.L., 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Campos J.J., Matos A.L., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Mayora O., Medina-Avalos M.A., Melen E., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E.O., Mercier J., Miculinic N., Mihaltan F., Moda G., Mogica-Martinez M.D., Mohammad Y., Momas I., Montefort S., Monti R., Mora Bogado D., Morato-Castro F.F., Mota-Pinto A., Moura Santo P., Munter L., Muraro A., Nadif R., Nalin M., Napoli L., Neffen H., Niedeberger V., Nekam K., Neou A., Nieto A., Nogueira-Silva L., Nogues M., Nyembue T.D., Odzhakova C., Ortega Cisneros M., Ouedraogo S., Pali-Scholl I., Papi A., Passalacqua G., Pedersen S., Pepin J.L., Pereira A.M., Persico M., Phillips J., Picard R., Pigearias B., Pin I., Pitsios C., Pohl W., Portejoie F., Pozzi A.C., Price D., Puy R., Pugin B., Pulido Ross R.E., Przemecka M., Rabe K.F., Raciborski F., Reitsma S., Ribeirinho I., Rimmer J., Rivero-Yeverino D., Rizzo J.A., Rizzo M.C., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Rodenas F., Rodo X., Rodriguez Gonzalez M., Rodriguez-Manas L., Rolland C., Rodrigues Valle S., Roman Rodriguez M., 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T., Carlsen, Karin Lodrup, Lourenço, Olga, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Menditto, Enrica, Milenkovic, Branislava, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mullol, Joaquim, Murray, Ruth, Naclerio, Robert, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Novellino, Ettore, O'Hehir, Robyn E., Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Palkonen, Susanna, Panzner, Petr, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Park, Hae-Sim, Paulino, Ema, Pawankar, Ruby, Pfaar, Oliver, Plavec, Davor, Popov, Ted A., Potter, Paul, Prokopakis, Emmanuel P., Rottem, Menachem, Ryan, Dermot, Salimäki, Johanna, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Schunemann, Holger J., Sheikh, Aziz, Sisul, Juan-Carlo, Rajabian-Söderlund, Rojin, Sooronbaev, Talant, Stellato, Cristiana, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana-Maria, Tomazic, Peter-Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Valero, Antonio, Valiulis, Aruna, Valovirta, Erkka, Ventura, Maria-Teresa, Wagenmann, Martin, Wang, De Yun, Wallace, Dana, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnu, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, Zuberbier, Torsten, Bousquet, J., Hellings, P. W., Aberer, W., Agache, I., Akdis, C. A., Akdis, M., Alberti, M. R., Almeida, R., Amat, F., Angles, R., Annesi-Maesano, I., Ansotegui, I. J., Anto, J. M., Arnavielle, S., Asayag, E., Asarnoj, A., Arshad, H., Avolio, F., Bacci, E., Bachert, C., Baiardini, I., Barbara, C., Barbagallo, M., Baroni, I., Barreto, B. A., Basagana, X., Bateman, E. D., Bedolla-Barajas, M., Bedbrook, A., Bewick, M., Beghé, B., Bel, E. H., Bergmann, K. C., Bennoor, K. S., Benson, M., Bertorello, L., Białoszewski, A. Z., Bieber, T., Bialek, S., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bjermer, L., Blain, H., Blasi, F., Blua, A., Bochenska Marciniak, M., Bogus-Buczynska, I., Boner, A. L., Bonini, M., Bonini, S., Bosnic-Anticevich, C. S., Bosse, I., Bouchard, J., Boulet, L. P., Bourret, R., Bousquet, P. J., Braido, F., Briedis, V., Brightling, C. E., Brozek, J., Bucca, C., Buhl, R., Buonaiuto, R., Panaitescu, C., Burguete Cabañas, M. T., Burte, E., Bush, A., Caballero-Fonseca, F., Caillot, D., Caimmi, D., Calderon, M. A., Camargos, P. A. M., Camuzat, T., Canfora, G., Canonica, G. W., Cardona, V., Carlsen, K. H., Carreiro-Martins, P., Carriazo, A. M., Carr, W., Cartier, C., Casale, T., Castellano, G., Cecchi, L., Cepeda Sarabia, A. M., Chavannes, N. H., Chen, Y., Chiron, R., Chivato, T., Chkhartishvili, E., Chuchalin, A. G., Chung, K. F., Ciaravolo, M. M., Ciceran, A., Cingi, C., Ciprandi, G., Carvalho Coehlo, A. C., Colas, L., Colgan, E., Coll, J., Conforti, D., Correia de Sousa, J., Cortés-Grimaldo, R. M., Corti, F., Costa, E., Costa-Dominguez, M. C., Courbis, A. L., Cox, L., Crescenzo, M., Cruz, A. A., Custovic, A., Czarlewski, W., Dahlen, S. E., Dario, C., da Silva, J., Dauvilliers, Y., Darsow, U., De Blay, F., De Carlo, G., Dedeu, T., de Fátima Emerson, M., De Feo, G., De Vries, G., De Martino, B., de Paula Motta Rubini, N., Deleanu, D., Demoly, P., Denburg, J. A., Devillier, P., Di Capua Ercolano, S., Di Carluccio, N., Didier, A., Dokic, D., Dominguez-Silva, M. G., Douagui, H., Dray, G., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S. R., Du Toit, G., Dykewicz, M. S., El-Gamal, Y., Eklund, P., Eller, E., Emuzyte, R., Farrell, J., Farsi, A., Ferreira de Mello, J., Ferrero, J., Fink-Wagner, A., Fiocchi, A., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J. A., Fontaine, J. F., Forti, S., Fuentes-Perez, J. M., Gálvez-Romero, J. L., Gamkrelidze, A., Garcia-Aymerich, J., García-Cobas, C. Y., Garcia-Cruz, M. H., Gemicioğlu, B., Genova, S., George, C., Gereda, J. E., Gerth van Wijk, R., Gomez, R. M., Gómez-Vera, J., González Diaz, S., Gotua, M., Grisle, I., Guidacci, M., Guldemond, N. A., Gutter, Z., Guzmán, M. A., Haahtela, T., Hajjam, J., Hernández, L., Hourihane, J. O. 'B., Huerta-Villalobos, Y. R., Humbert, M., Iaccarino, G., Illario, M., Ivancevich, J. C., Jares, E. J., Jassem, E., Johnston, S. L., Joos, G., Jung, K. S., Jutel, M., Kaidashev, I., Kalayci, O., Kalyoncu, A. F., Karjalainen, J., Kardas, P., Keil, T., Keith, P. K., Khaitov, M., Khaltaev, N., Kleine-Tebbe, J., Klimek, L., Kowalski, M. L., Kuitunen, M., Kull, I., Kuna, P., Kupczyk, M., Kvedariene, V., Krzych-Fałta, E., Lacwik, P., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Laune, D., Lauri, D., Lavrut, J., Le, L. T. T., Lessa, M., Levato, G., Li, J., Lieberman, P., Lipiec, A., Lipworth, B., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Louis, R., Lourenço, O., Luna-Pech, J. A., Maciej, K., Magnan, A., Mahboub, B., Maier, D., Mair, A., Majer, I., Malva, J., Mandajieva, E., Manning, P., De Manuel Keenoy, E., Marshall, G. D., Masjedi, M. R., Maspero, J. F., Mathieu-Dupas, E., Matta Campos, J. J., Matos, A. L., Maurer, M., Mavale-Manuel, S., Mayora, O., Medina-Avalos, M. A., Melén, E., Melo-Gomes, E., Meltzer, E. O., Menditto, E., Mercier, J., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Moda, G., Mogica-Martinez, M. D., Mohammad, Y., Momas, I., Montefort, S., Monti, R., Mora Bogado, D., Morais-Almeida, M., Morato-Castro, F. F., Mösges, R., Mota-Pinto, A., Moura Santo, P., Mullol, J., Münter, L., Muraro, A., Murray, R., Naclerio, R., Nadif, R., Nalin, M., Napoli, L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Neffen, H., Niedeberger, V., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Nieto, A., Nogueira-Silva, L., Nogues, M., Novellino, E., Nyembue, T. D., O'Hehir, R. E., Odzhakova, C., Ohta, K., Okamoto, Y., Okubo, K., Onorato, G. L., Ortega Cisneros, M., Ouedraogo, S., Pali-Schöll, I., Palkonen, S., Panzner, P., Papadopoulos, N. G., Park, H. S., Papi, A., Passalacqua, G., Paulino, E., Pawankar, R., Pedersen, S., Pépin, J. L., Pereira, A. M., Persico, M., Pfaar, O., Phillips, J., Picard, R., Pigearias, B., Pin, I., Pitsios, C., Plavec, D., Pohl, W., Popov, T. A., Portejoie, F., Potter, P., Pozzi, A. C., Price, D., Prokopakis, E. P., Puy, R., Pugin, B., Pulido Ross, R. E., Przemecka, M., Rabe, K. F., Raciborski, F., Rajabian-Soderlund, R., Reitsma, S., Ribeirinho, I., Rimmer, J., Rivero-Yeverino, D., Rizzo, J. A., Rizzo, M. C., Robalo-Cordeiro, C., Rodenas, F., Rodo, X., Rodriguez Gonzalez, M., Rodriguez-Mañas, L., Rolland, C., Rodrigues Valle, S., Roman Rodriguez, M., Romano, A., Rodriguez-Zagal, E., Rolla, G., Roller-Wirnsberger, R. E., Romano, M., Rosado-Pinto, J., Rosario, N., Rottem, M., Ryan, D., Sagara, H., Salimäki, J., Samolinski, B., Sanchez-Borges, M., Sastre-Dominguez, J., Scadding, G. K., Schunemann, H. J., Scichilone, N., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Serpa, F. S., Shamai, S., Sheikh, A., Sierra, M., Simons, F. E. R., Siroux, V., Sisul, J. C., Skrindo, I., Solé, D., Somekh, D., Sondermann, M., Sooronbaev, T., Sova, M., Sorensen, M., Sorlini, M., Spranger, O., Stellato, C., Stelmach, R., Stukas, R., Sunyer, J., Strozek, J., Szylling, A., Tebyriçá, J. N., Thibaudon, M., To, T., Todo-Bom, A., Tomazic, P. V., Toppila-Salmi, S., Trama, U., Triggiani, M., Suppli Ulrik, C., Urrutia-Pereira, M., Valenta, R., Valero, A., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., van Eerd, M., van Ganse, E., van Hague, M., Vandenplas, O., Ventura, M. T., Vezzani, G., Vasankari, T., Vatrella, A., Verissimo, M. T., Viart, F., Viegi, M., Vicheva, D., Vontetsianos, T., Wagenmann, M., Walker, S., Wallace, D., Wang, D. Y., Waserman, S., Werfel, T., Westman, M., Wickman, M., Williams, D. M., Williams, S., Wilson, N., Wright, J., Wroczynski, P., Yakovliev, P., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, P. K., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H. J., Zhang, L., Zhong, N., Zernotti, M. E., Zidarn, M., Zuberbier, T., Zubrinich, C., Zurkuhlen, A., CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratory of clinical immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University of Brasov, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiologie, Systèmes d'Information, Modélisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [iPlesp] (EPAR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Mechanobiology Institute [Singapore] (MBI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Department of Dermatology [Graz, Austria], Medical University Graz, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department Engineering Quimica (ICEMS), Ghent University Hospital, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Bari (INFN, sezione di Bari), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Cape Town, Divisions of Human Genetics Infection, Inflammation and Repair, University of Southampton-School of Medicine, Centre de gérontologie, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Pavia, Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research [Sydney], The University of Sydney, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine [Ontario], Service greffe de moelle osseuse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Royal Brompton Hospital, Région Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Michigan, Department of Atmospheric, Centres de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose [Montpellier] (CRCM [Montpellier]), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve-Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Russian State Medical University, Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), UCB Pharma, Colombes, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier], CHU Strasbourg, European Federation of Allergy (EFA), Airways Diseases Patients' Associations, Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), Laboratoire de recherche sur les mécanismes moléculaires et pharmacologiques de l’obstruction bronchique (LOBIP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Linköping University (LIU), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Center of Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Son Pisa Primary Care Centre, IB-Salut Balearic Health Service, Center for Allergy and Immunology Research [Tbilisi], Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital-Skin and Allergy Hospital, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), CORYSS-TESS, Ukrainina Medical Stomatological Academy [Poltava, Ukraine], Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NRC Institute of immunology FMBA, Moscow Russian federation, Allergy and Asthma Center Westend, German Society for Otorhinolaryngology HNS, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Hospital Medica Sur, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory (APCLab), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Équipe de Recherche en Textes, Informatique, Multilinguisme (ERTIM), Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), Institute of Oceanology [China], University of Beira Interior [Portugal] (UBI), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Pulmonary and allergy unit, American University of Sharjah-Rashid Hospital-Dubai Health Authority (DHA), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sysdiag-Modélisation et Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes Biologiques pour le Diagnostic (SysDiag ), BIO-RAD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 'Federico II' University of Naples Medical School, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pneumology Department, Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland-Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Section of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS), University of Chicago, Department of Pharmacy Naples, Université de Naples, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital-Monash University Building, AMREP, Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Chubu University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA] (EPS), Harvard University, Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery [Mannheim, Germany], University Hospital Mannheim, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Grenoble, Children’s Hospital Srebrnjak [Zagreb, Croatia], Department of Physics [UMIST Manchester], University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Ecologie comportementale (EC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Allergy Asthma and Immunology [Haifa, Israel], Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula-Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [Caracas, Venezuela], Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Department of Computer Science [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Centre of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Kyrgyz Republic, Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique (RNSA), Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, CIRCE, Ctr Res Energy Resources & Consumpt, Zaragoza 50018, Spain, Vilnius University Clinic of Children's Diseases, Suomen Terveystalo Allergy Clinic, Health Service and Performance Research (HESPER), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre d'EPistémologie et d'ERgologie Comparatives (CEPERC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore (NUS)-Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Sachs' Children's Hospital, IAES, Department of Pulmonology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology [Albuquerque, New Mexico] (CETI), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], National Key State Laboratory for ThermoStructural Composites (TSCM), Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Supported by the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing and POLLAR (EIT Health, European Union)., European Project: 643803,H2020,H2020-HCO-2014,PROEIPAHA(2015), UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [Paris] (EPAR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospital Quiròn Bizkaia Erandio, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), University of Milan, University of Naples Federico II-CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]-Epidemiology and Health Economics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of California-University of California, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Universität zu Köln, Medical Faculty in Pilsen-Charles University in Prague - the First Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Genoa (UNIGE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Graz, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centro Medico-Docente La Trinidad, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Center for Evolutionary and theoretical Immunology, Biology, National Institute for Health Research, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Law, HUS Children and Adolescents, HUS Inflammation Center, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of South Florida (USF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze], Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto [Porto], Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin -Epidemiology and Health Economics, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sondra, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay (COmUE) (SONDRA), ONERA-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), RNSA, Centre d'EPistémologie et d'ERgologie Comparatives - UMR 7304 (CEPERC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Pulmonology, Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université Laval, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], University of Salerno (UNISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sondra, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay (SONDRA), ONERA-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Universidade do Minho, İÜC, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, uBibliorum, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: Allergy, Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas], asthma -- guideline, Allergic asthma, DECISION-MAKING, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma, GUIDELINES, Medical and Health Sciences, Medical Records, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, asthma, Change management, rhinitis, Immunology, MASK-RHINITIS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Rinitis, mobilne aplikacije, upravljanje sprememb, Medical record, GLOBAL STRATEGY, WORK PRODUCTIVITY, Telemedicine, mobile applications, 3. Good health, Asma alérgica, rhiniti, 1107 Immunology, Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica, klinične poti, allergic -- guideline, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, PATIENT PARTICIPATION, Allergic Rhinitis, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, multimorbidity, EUROPEAN INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP, Change Management, [object Object], Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Asthma/diagnosis, CHRONIC DISEASES, MACVIA-ARIA, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, multimorbidnost, QUALITY, Humans, critical pathways, astma -- smernica, Patient participation, Asma, udc:616.2, Asthma, Science & Technology, ARIA, business.industry, Multimorbidity, Rhinitis, Allergic, Settore MED/09 - MEDICINA INTERNA, change management, Mobile Airways Sentinel Network (MASK) Study Group, Guideline, ta3121, medicine.disease, Rinite alérgica, Rhinitis, Allergic/diagnosis, Integrated care, alergijski rinitis -- smernica, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma, asthma, Change management, rhinitis, Immunology and Allergy, Immunology, 030228 respiratory system, Family medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Medical Record, Clinical Medicine, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Impact on Asthma
Abstract: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional., EAACI -European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology(undefined), info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
Published: 2018
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24. Smoking Display-Time Trends in Iranian Movies

Author: Harry A. Lando, Fahimeh Chamyani, Arezoo Ebn Ahmady, Gholamreza Heydari, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mohammad Behgam Shadmehr, Samira Chaibakhsh, and Lida Fadaizadeh
Subjects: Movie theater, Health (social science), Tobacco use, Time trends, business.industry, Law, Advertising, business, Psychology
Published: 2015
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25. Screening for diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis patients in a referral center in Iran

Author: Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mohammadreza Masjedi, Majid Marjani, Afshin Moniri, Parvaneh Baghaei shiva, and Payam Tabarsi
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Population, Iran, chemistry.chemical_compound, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, education, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Referral center, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, business
Abstract: A significant link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) has been widely demonstrated. DM increases the risk of TB in all aspects. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of DM among newly diagnosed TB patients, to screen these patients for DM, and to determine the number needed to screen (NNS) to diagnose new cases of DM.A prospective cohort descriptive study was carried out in Iranian adults admitted to the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease from 2012 to 2013 with a new diagnosis of TB. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured for all patients.Of the 293 patients included, 101 (34.5%) had DM. DM was newly diagnosed in 45 (19%) patients. The number needed to screen was 5 to identify one new DM case. Age ≥ 40 years was associated with DM in this population (odds ratio (OR) = 3.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47-10.38).Screening for DM should be performed routinely in patients with TB and may improve treatment outcomes.
Published: 2015
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26. Assessment of the EuroSCORE risk scoring system for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a group of Iranian patients

Author: Hamidreza Jamaati, Arvin Najafi, Mohammadreza Bolursaz, Seied Mohammadreza Hashemian, Zargham Hossein Ahmadi, Ali Akbar Velayati, Zahra Karimi, Farima Kahe, and Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Subjects: validity, medicine.medical_specialty, Scoring system, Receiver operating characteristic, APACHE II, business.industry, Mortality rate, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation, scoring system, EuroSCORE, risk stratification, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, mortality, Confidence interval, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Coronary artery bypass graft, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, Cardiology, business, Research Article, Artery
Abstract: Background and Aims: Previous studies around the world indicated validity and accuracy of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) risk scoring system we evaluated the EuroSCORE risk scoring system for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in a group of Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: In this cohort 2220 patients more than 18 years, who were performed CABG surgery in Massih Daneshvari Hospital, from January 2004 to March 2010 were recruited. Predicted mortality risk scores were calculated using logistic EuroSCORE and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and compared with observed mortality. Calibration was measured by the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test and discrimination by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area. Results: Of the 2220 patients, in hospital deaths occurred in 270 patients (mortality rate of 12.2%). The accuracy of mortality prediction in the logistic EuroSCORE and APACHE II model was 89.1%; in the local EuroSCORE (logistic) was 91.89%; and in the local EuroSCORE support vector machines (SVM) was 98.6%. The area under curve for ROC curve, was 0.724 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.88) for logistic EuroSCORE; 0.836 (95% CI: 0.731-0.942) for local EuroSCORE (logistic); 0.978 (95% CI: 0.937-1) for Local EuroSCORE (SVM); and 0.832 (95% CI: 0.723-0.941) for APACHE II model. The HL test showed good calibration for the local EuroSCORE (SVM), APACHE II model and local EuroSCORE (logistic) ( P = 0.823, P = 0.748 and P = 0.06 respectively); but there was a significant difference between expected and observed mortality according to EuroSCORE model ( P = 0.033). Conclusion: We detected logistic EuroSCORE risk model is not applicable on Iranian patients undergoing CABG surgery.
Published: 2015
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27. Changes in serum level of trace elements in pulmonary tuberculosis patients during anti-tuberculosis treatment

Author: Aliyeh Sargazi, Hamid Owaysee Oskoee, Asma Afshari, Abolfazl Panahi Mishkar, Zohre Kiani, Nima Mirzaei, Zahra Sepehri, Alireza Sargazi, Donya Arefi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Saeid Ghavami
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, 030213 general clinical medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Iron, Antitubercular Agents, chemistry.chemical_element, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, Arsenic, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Selenium, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti tuberculosis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Cause of death, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemotherapy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Treatment period, Trace Elements, Zinc, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Serum iron, Molecular Medicine, Calcium, Female, Graphite, business, Copper
Abstract: INTRODUCTIONS Tuberculosis is spreading throughout the globe, while it is a crucial cause of death in developing countries. In this study, trace elements concentrations and their alterations were determined in TB patients during anti-tuberculosis treatment period. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have collected blood samples from a total of 180 TB patients with pulmonary Tuberculosis, and 180 healthy controls in Sistan, Iran. The serum iron, copper, lead, calcium, arsenic and selenium concentrations were detected at the beginning of anti-TB chemotherapy, at the end of 2nd, 4th and 6th month after treatment initiation. Data were then analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Although Ca, Pb, and As levels did not change during the treatment period, serum concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Se were diminished in TB patients significantly during treatment in comparison with controls (P
Published: 2017

28. Assessing the Prevalence and Incidence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Author: Rogayeh Paydar, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Elaheh Ainy, and Faried Zayeri
Subjects: Chronic bronchitis, COPD, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Scopus, MEDLINE, Pulmonary disease, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, medicine, Erratum, Syrian Arab Republic, business, geographic locations, Asthma
Abstract: Objectives This study conducted in 2016 aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Material and methods A meta-analysis to evaluate the published research relating to asthma and COPD was conducted using data from 23 EMR Office (EMRO) countries and searching using the web of science, PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, Google scholar, and MEDLINE databases. The keywords entered were all EMRO countries (Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Islamic republic Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arab, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen republic, and Cyprus) and asthma OR chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) OR (chronic bronchitis). Our definition of asthma and COPD was according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Results A total of 92 published articles were identified. The pooled prevalence of asthma and COPD was 9.38 (confidence interval [CI]: 9.20-9.55) and 5.39 (CI: 5.17-5.62), respectively. There were no articles about COPD and asthma in Bahrain and Djibouti; no articles about asthma in Jordan and Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; and no articles about COPD in Afghanistan, Iraq, Oman, Palestine, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen republic. The highest prevalence of asthma was observed in Kuwait, and the highest prevalence of COPD was observed in Pakistan. Conclusion The EMRO countries have inadequate research and data in the areas of asthma and COPD. More efforts and relevant studies must be conducted to understand the countrywide prevalence and real burden of these diseases.
Published: 2017

29. Gender Differences of Suicide Attempt Among Iranian Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

Author: Hooman Sharifi, Roghieh Kharaghani, Maryam Damghanian, and Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, Suicide attempt, business.industry, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Psychiatry, 030227 psychiatry
Published: 2017
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30. WITHDRAWN: Scaling up strategies of the Chronic Respiratory Disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3 – Area 5)

Author: M. Nogues, David Price, Tari Haahtela, Bianca Beghe, John Wright, Josep M. Antó, J. O'b. Hourihane, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Justin Michel, June Roberts, Robert M. Naclerio, M. Roman Rodriguez, Amiran Gamkrelidze, P. Manning, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, John Farrell, Gérard Dray, A. Ben Kheder, Branislava Milenkovic, W. J. Fokkens, Susanne Lau, Ronald Dahl, J. E. Gereda, Pma Calverley, O. Jonquet, D. Poethig, Erkka Valovirta, Z. Gutter, Grégory Ninot, Yehia El-Gamal, M. van Hage, Claus Vogelmeier, S. Mara, P. Matignon, Talant Sooronbaev, Ratko Djukanovic, Carel Thijs, Davide Caimmi, Ralph Mösges, G. Moda Y. Mohammad, Friedrich Horak, Joachim Heinrich, Y. Z. Chen, Leonardo M. Fabbri, Y. Magard, B. Pigearias, F. Rodenas, A.G. Chuchalin, NM Siafakas, Rodolphe Bourret, A. L. Boner, A. Fink Wagner, T. Similowski, Diana Deleanu, I. Skrindo, Ulf Darsow, Bilun Gemicioglu, Stephen R. Durham, S.I. Rennard, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Arunas Valiulis, S. Gonzalez Diaz, Brian J. Lipworth, Philip Lieberman, Christine Rolland, H. Neffen, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Henriette A. Smit, Bart N. Lambrecht, P. Devillier, Bodo Niggemann, D. Dokic, Dennis M. Williams, M. Akdis, R. Pengelly, Bassam Mahboub, Oliver Pfaar, Cezmi A. Akdis, L. Namazova-Baranova, Lanny J. Rosenwasser, Hans F. Merk, B. P. Yawn, Alpana Mair, Thomas B. Casale, Claus Bachert, Cristina Bárbara, Martin Wagenmann, Francesco Forastiere, T. Dedeu, Shona Pedersen, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Antonio Valero, Werner Aberer, Andrew Briggs, Alberto Papi, Peter Burney, Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos, D. J. Costa, Magnus Wickman, Hans-Ulrich Schulz, T. Strandberg, T. Camuzat, Michael E. Hyland, Mario Sánchez-Borges, L. T. T. Le, N. Khaltaev, Lawrence Grouse, O. Spranger, F. de Blay, H. Douagui, Ki-Suck Jung, R. Picard, S. Repka-Ramirez, Philippe-Jean Bousquet, A. Yorgancioglu, U. Wahn, J. Garcia-Aymerich, Kaja Julge, D. Plavec, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, A. Romano, Sîan A Williams, Monica Fletcher, Mark S. Dykewicz, A. Montilla-Santana, B. Samolinski, Joël Ankri, Albert Alonso, Filip Raciborski, Antonella Muraro, Kian Fan Chung, L. Rodriguez Manas, Rafael Stelmach, G. Passalacqua, José Roberto Jardim, K. Ohta, Renaud Louis, Rudolph Valenta, M. Gotua, Massimo Triggiani, E. Melo-Gomes, Y. Okamoto, William MacNee, Ludger Klimek, Holger J. Schünemann, Dirkje S. Postma, Hasan Arshad, Gailen D. Marshall, M. Adachi, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Mikael Benson, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, E. Chkhartishvili, Gerard H. Koppelman, R. Emuzyte, Chunxue Bai, Ruby Pawankar, Ana Todo-Bom, Claude Jeandel, Ilaria Baiardini, Osman M. Yusuf, Josep Roca, Giovanni Viegi, Pascal Demoly, Daniel Laune, S. E. Dahlen, Giorgio Ciprandi, M. Rottem, E. O. Meltzer, Sebastian L. Johnston, Mika J. Mäkelä, Edgardo Jares, Kimi Okubo, Paul K. Keith, Fulvio Braido, M. R. Kaitov, Alessandro Fiocchi, F. Caballero-Fonseca, Jørgen Vestbo, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Jing Li, Guy Joos, M. A. Guzman, S. Palkonen, K. Nekam, G. Vezzani, A. M. Cepeda Sarabia, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Adnan Custovic, C. Robalo-Cordeiro, Christine Jenkins, Niels H. Chavannes, E.H.D. Bel, A. Hendry, Neven Miculinic, T. Bieber, João O. Malva, Thomas Keil, Matteo Bonini, Klaus F. Rabe, F. Radier Pontal, F. Mihaltan, D. Y. Wang, J. C. Sisul, Benoit Wallaert, Teresa To, Robyn E O'Hehir, Jan Brozek, Ian D. Pavord, Luo Zhang, Nelson Rosario, Simon Walker, P H Howarth, J. Correia de Sousa, I. Majer, L.-P. Boulet, Marcus Maurer, J Mullol, S. Ouedraogo, Andrew Menzies-Gow, T. Vontetsianos, Mario E. Zernotti, Paul Potter, Mathieu Molimard, M. Morgan, Aziz Sheikh, Pakit Vichyanond, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Leif Bjermer, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, F. E. R. Simons, Antoine Magnan, T. D. Nyembue, J. Just, W. Carr, Leda Chatzi, I. Pin, E. Melen, Dirceu Solé, J. Garces, I. Grisle, Christopher E. Brightling, Peter Frith, E. Serrano, Inger Kull, F. Portejoie, M. Morais-Almeida, I. J. Ansotegui, G. De Carlo, K. S. Bennoor, S. Nafti, B. Hellquist-Dahl, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu, Dermot Ryan, J. Mercier, Marc Humbert, S. Bosnic-Anticevitch, Abay Baigenzhin, Olivier Vandenplas, Sakari Reitamo, M. Bewick, R. Chiron, Eric D. Bateman, Nanshan Zhong, Jordi Sunyer, Hubert Blain, O. Kalayci, Andrew Bush, D. Henderson, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, K. C. Bergmann, J. C. Ivancevich, Bruno Vellas, Alvaro A. Cruz, A. Didier, M. Gaga, I. Annesi-Maesano, Maddalena Illario, P. Panzner, G. Crooks, Judah A. Denburg, Moises A. Calderon, Francesco Blasi, W. Pohl, Sergio Bonini, Ruta Dubakiene, Alvar Agusti, Violeta Kvedariene, G. K. Scadding, E. De Manuel Keenoy, E. Valia, S. Mavale-Manuel, Sylvie Arnavielhe, Piotr Kuna, Yves Sibille, Marek L. Kowalski, A. Zaidi, Todor A. Popov, V. Kolek, J Rosado-Pinto, Tommi Vasankari, Liam G Heaney, B. Koffi N'Goran, D. Heve, A. Neou, Isabelle Momas, Jean Bousquet, Igor Kaidashev, Hae-Sim Park, P W Hellings, Michael D. Shields, P. J. Sterk, Ana Maria Carriazo, João Fonseca, E. Van Ganse, Roland Buhl, L. Cox, Mihaela Zidarn, I. Cirule, and H. J. Zar
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Alternative medicine, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, General partnership, Action plan, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Healthy ageing, business, General Environmental Science
Published: 2017
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31. Birthweight and the risk of atopic diseases: the ISAAC Phase III study

Author: Philip Pattemore, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mohammadreza Masjedi, Luis Garcia-Marcos, Jing-Long Huang, Francesco Forastiere, Neil Pearce, Hywel Williams, Sandra Nora González-Díaz, Tim Clayton, Andreea Steriu, Philippa Ellwood, Javier Mallol, Bert Brunekreef, Richard Beasley, Gary Wong, and Roberto Garcia-Almaraz
Subjects: Risk, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, Immunology, Eczema, Lower risk, immune system diseases, Wheeze, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Risk factor, Child, reproductive and urinary physiology, Conjunctivitis, Allergic, Asthma, business.industry, medicine.disease, Rhinitis, Allergic, Increased risk, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background The association between birthweight and asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis is conflicting. Aims To examine the association between birthweight and symptoms of asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods Parents or guardians of children aged 6–7 yr completed written questionnaires about symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, and several risk factors, including birthweight. Results There were 162,324 children from 60 centres in 26 countries. Low birthweight (
Published: 2014
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32. Burden of obstructive lung disease study in Iran: First report of the prevalence and risk factors of copd in five provinces

Author: Ali Sharifpour, Hamidreza Jamaati, Golnar Radmand, A. Sonia Buist, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mohsen Aarabi, Hooman Sharifi, and Mostafa Ghanei
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, prevalence, Disease, Iran, Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Global health, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cause of death, lcsh:RC705-779, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, medicine.disease, Obstructive lung disease, Confidence interval, respiratory tract diseases, 030228 respiratory system, Original Article, Cluster sampling, business
Abstract: Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health burden that affects 300 million people worldwide. Globally, COPD was reported as the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 and is projected to occupy the third position in 2030. The goal of the present project is to describe the prevalence and determine the causes and risk factors of COPD in five provinces of Iran. Methods: This study followed a stratified cluster sampling strategy with proportional allocation within strata. The target population is all noninstitutionalized inhabitants, aged 18 and over, who inhabit in different provinces in Iran in the year 2017. The stratification of the sample according to the 31 provinces of Iran is incorporated in the sampling process. The core questionnaire was developed from preexisting validated questionnaires. The single most important outcome measure obtained as part of this protocol was spirometry before and after the administration of 200 mg (two puffs) of salbutamol. Results: The most commonly reported respiratory symptoms were as follows: wheezing (N=217, 20.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18%–22.8%), sputum production (N=173, 16.5%, 95% CI: 14.3%–18.8%), and dyspnea (N=131, 12.3%, 95% CI: 10.3%–14.3%). The overall COPD prevalence defined by the postbronchodilator spirometric Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria was 4.9%, higher in men (6.4%) than in women (3.9%). The prevalence of COPD was strongly dependent on smoking status, age, and sex. Conclusion: COPD is considered a preventable disease, and avoidance of exposure to major risk factors can prevent the vast majority of cases. The present study findings add to the literature on the prevalence of COPD in Iran and will help policy-makers, specialists, and all stakeholders to strategize and evaluate medical services required for reducing the prevalence of respiratory diseases. The data from our present study will serve as baseline information for future national and regional studies of COPD.
Published: 2019
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33. Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three

Author: Eduardo G. Perez-Yarza, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Luis Garcia-Marcos, Francesco Forastiere, Neil Pearce, Hywel Williams, Andreea Steriu, Philippa Ellwood, and Roberto Garcia-Almaraz
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Pediatrics, Adolescent, genetic structures, Mediterranean diet, Convenience foods -- Case studies, education, Eczema, Global Health, Logistic regression, Environmental health, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Risk factor, Child, Rhinitis, Asthma, business.industry, Public health, Confounding, Odds ratio, Conjunctivitis, medicine.disease, Diet, Causality, Fast Foods, Female, business, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract: We are grateful to the children and parents who participated and the coordination and assistance by the school staff is sincerely appreciated., Certain foods may increase or decrease the risk of developing asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. We explored the impact of the intake of types of food on these diseases in Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Written questionnaires on the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema and types and frequency of food intake over the past 12 months were completed by 13–14-year-old adolescents and by the parents/guardians of 6–7-yearold children. Prevalence ORs were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders, and using a random (mixed) effects model. For adolescents and children, a potential protective effect on severe asthma was associated with consumption of fruit ≥3 times per week (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.97, respectively). An increased risk of severe asthma in adolescents and children was associated with the consumption of fast food ≥3 times per week (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.49; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42, respectively), as well as an increased risk of severe rhinoconjunctivitis and severe eczema. Similar patterns for both ages were observed for regional analyses, and were consistent with gender and affluence categories and with current symptoms of all three conditions. If the association between fast foods and the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema is causal, then the findings have major public health significance owing to the rising consumption of fast foods globally., peer-reviewed
Published: 2013
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34. Characteristics of Iranian Hookah Smokers Aged 15 and Above: A Primary Report

Author: Zahra Hessami, Mehdi Kazempour, Hooman Sharifi, Hamidreza Jamaati, Habib Emami, and Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Subjects: Academic education, 030505 public health, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Tobacco control, Mean age, Hookah Smoking, World health, Intention to quit, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract: Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of hookah smoking in Iran and in different age groups and genders, there is a lack of precise information on hookah smokers in the country. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of Hookah smokers in Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted through stratified multistage cluster sampling in five districts of Tehran municipality. Our subjects were Hookah smokers aged 15 years and older. Their characteristics were studied by using the hookah section of the world health organization (WHO) Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Results: The study examined 316 hookah smokers, including 212 males and 104 females. A total of 49.2% of the participants were at the age group of 25 to 39; 42.7% of the female participants and 25.1% of the male participants had an academic education; 68% of the participants had smoked hookah for the first time in the company of friends, and parties comprised the most common place for starting hookah smoking. A total of 168 (53.3%) participants smoked at home for the most part, 15.4% of the female participants smoked hookah in traditional restaurants that served hookah and 100 (47.4%) of the male participants smoked in parks and teahouses. A large number of participants consumed flavored tobacco. The mean age at first hookah smoking was 21.3 ± 6.4. A total of 59.4% of the participants had no desire or intention to quit hookah smoking at the moment, and 52.6% of the participants also smoked cigarettes. Being male (OR: 2.24) was positively associated with daily water-pipe consumption. Conclusions: The present study reports the characteristics of Iranian hookah smokers. Most hookah smokers were educated young adults, who often smoked at home or in teahouses and in the company of friends. The majority of the participants smoked fruit-flavored tobacco and had no desire or intention to quit smoking. Further studies in this field are required and hookah smoking should also be incorporated in tobacco control programs.
Published: 2016
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35. The sale and distribution of tobacco products in Iran, ten years after FCTC

Author: Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Alireza Javadi, Alireza Eslaminejad, Zahra Hessami, and Ali Abdolahinia
Subjects: business.industry, Tobacco control, technology, industry, and agriculture, Medicine, Distribution (economics), Legislation, Advertising, Descriptive research, Treaty, business, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: Introduction: One of the most profitable businesses is selling tobacco products all over the world. Despite the laws to limit tobacco supplier9s activities, they continue to seek ways to sell more products.This study examines the retail tobacco supply situation after ten years of implementation of the treaty deals and national law in Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was based on a questionnaire containing some FCTC topics such as: the price of cigarettes, sales to under 18 years old, the awareness of national law on tobacco control, status of warning images on tobacco products and its impact on sales. This questionnaire was submitted to tobacco distribution centers in the summer of 2015 and data were analyzed. Results: In this study, 51 centers for the supply of tobacco were questioned. The mean price of the most consumed cigarette was 1.2 dollars and 88% of the cigarettes were supplied with warning pictures. Ninety one percent of retailers proved the decrease in sales of tobacco products without warning pictures. Also, 87% of retailers were aware of the provisions of the treaty and national law on tobacco control. Moreover, 34% of sellers sell tobacco to people less than 18 years old. About 76% of the sellers disagree with raising the prices. Conclusion: Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in tobacco products with pictorial health warning and except the smuggled brands, smokers do not like to buy cigarettes without warnings pictures. Considering the inflation, selling price of cigarettes has dropped by almost half compared to ten years ago. After ten years of legislation, monitoring the performance seems not acceptable.
Published: 2016
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36. Cigarette smoking in patients newly-diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis

Author: Hooman Sharifi, Payam Tabarsi, Gholamreza Heydari, Mostafa Hossei, Masoud Baikpour, Mohammad Reza Aryan, Mahshid Aryanpur, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Zahra Hessami, and Esmaeil Mortaz
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Newly diagnosed, medicine.disease, Tobacco smoke, Substance abuse, Cigarette smoking, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Medicine, Smoking cessation, In patient, Rural area, business
Abstract: Setting: Association between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and tobacco smoke has been verified by most studies on this matter, but various figures have been reported from different countries regarding the prevalence of smoking among PTB patients. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the smoking prevalence in these patients and its effective factors in Iran. Design: In this cross-sectional study subjects were included through a multi-stage cluster sampling method during 2012-2014 on a first-come, first-served basis from the newly-diagnosed PTB patients. Data collection was performed via face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire with enquiries on smoking habits. Results In this survey 1127 newly-diagnosed PTB patients were included whose mean age was 49.97±19.82 years. 228 subjects (20.2%) stated daily smoking, 20 (1.8%) stated occasional smoking and 93 (8.9%) had quitted before the time of diagnosis. Moreover, simultaneous drug abuse (P
Published: 2016
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37. Characteristics of Iranian hookah users aged 15 years and older, primary report

Author: Hamidreza Jamaati, Zahra Hessami, Habib Emami, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Hooman Sharifi
Subjects: Iranian population, Academic education, business.industry, Environmental health, Tobacco control, Medicine, Mean age, Hookah Smoking, business
Abstract: Introduction and objectives: Despite of increasing prevalence of Hookah smoking in Iran , there is no precise information about the consumption and consumers. We evaluated characteristics of current hookah users in Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in five districts of Tehran and the specifications of Hookah users were studied. Findings: 316 current Hookah smokers were studied. 49.2% of them were in the age group of 25-39 years. 42.7% of women and 25.1% of men had academic education. 68% of them consumed their first Hookah with their friends and the most common place for the first Hookah use was in their parties. 53.3% of them use Hookah in their own homes. 15.4% of women used Hookah in traditional restaurants and 100 men (47.4%) used it in parks and teahouses. A large number of participants consumed flavored tobacco. The mean age of starting Hookah smoking was 21.3±6.4 years. 59.4% of participants have no desire to quit Hookah smoking. 52.6% of participants were also current cigarette smokers. Being a male (OR: 2.24) and Hookah smoking in teahouse (OR: 10.6) or home (OR: 9.6) were positively associated with daily Hookah consumption. Conclusion: It is a report on water-pipe smoker9s characteristics in an Iranian population. According to that, Hookah smokers were mostly young adults and educated. They had mostly tendency to use Hookah at home with friends or in the teahouse. Most of them consumed fruit flavored tobacco and they had no desire to quit Hookah smoking.Further studies in this field are needed and just like anti-smoking activities it is necessary to consider Hookah consumption in tobacco control programs.
Published: 2016
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38. Reduced phagocytic capacity of blood monocyte/macrophages in tuberculosis patients is further reduced by smoking

Author: Ian M. Adcock, Johan Garssen, Esmaeil Mortaz, Mahshid Aryanpur, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Payam Tabarsi, and Seyed Mohammad Reza Aryan
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Tobacco use, Tuberculosis, biology, business.industry, Phagocytosis, Healthy subjects, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Proinflammatory cytokine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Immune system, Immunology, Medicine, Monocytes macrophages, business
Abstract: Background. Tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco use are two major alarming global health issues posing immense threats to human populations. In fact mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by activation of macrophages could induce the sequences of cells activation and releases of inflammatory cytokines such as CXCL-8, Il-12 and TNF-α which in turn induces the immune system network.In the current study we aimed to investigate the serum levels TNF-a, CXCL-8 and phagocytosis capacity in tuberculosis patients with and without smoking. Materials and Methods. 103 subjects entered the study including 61 new diagnosed pulmonary TB patients (23 smokers and 38 nonsmokers) and 42 control healthy subjects. The phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) in blood monocytes/macrophages through flowcytometry was assessed. Serum levels of TNF-a and CXCL-8 were analyzed by ELISA methods. Results. A lower percentage of cells from TB patients who smoked [50.29% (43.4-57.2), p Conclusion. Blood monocytes/macrophages from TB patients have reduced phagocytic capacity which is further reduced in TB patients who smoke. Smoking enhanced serum levels of TNF-a and CXCL-8 suggesting a greater imbalance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in these patients.
Published: 2016
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39. Interim report: The effectiveness of smoking cessation in tuberculosis patients and its effective factor

Author: Mostafa Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Hooman Sharifi, Mahshid Aryanpur, Payam Tabarsi, Zahra Hessami, Esmaeil Mortaz, and Seyed Mohammad Reza Aryan
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Combination therapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Confounding, Tobacco control, Prevalence, medicine.disease, Nicotine, Clinical trial, Physical therapy, Medicine, Smoking cessation, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Introduction The World Health Organization is focused on the integration of tobacco control with TB control programs. This study investigates the efficacy of different smoking cessation methods and quitting effective factors in TB patients. Methodology In this clinical trial investigation, the two week point prevalence success of smoking cessation in TB patients with combination therapy or brief advice, compared with the control group and its effective factor were studied. Result In this study, 60 patients in the combination treatment group, 62 patients in brief advice group and 61 patients in the control group were investigated. The cessation at the end of the second week of treatment showed that combined intervention was better than brief advice and control (respectively 78.3%, 40.3% and 11.5%). Finally, in the final model considering adjusting confounding factors showed much more efficacy of combination therapy and brief advice in contrast with control. Within each group groups, people who succeeded in quitting, had lless nicotine dependency and lower number of cigarettes smoked per day (p Conclusion Considering benefits of smoke cessation on TB treatment process and its significant cure rate, special attention should be noticed to patients smoking status.Combination therapy and if it is not feasible, brief counseling should be presented . We also suggest that policy-makers and administrators, joint smoking cessation programs with national TB control programs.
Published: 2016
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40. Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence and its related factors among Iranian population

Author: Hamidreza Jamaati, Zahra Hessami, Hooman Sharifi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Habib Emami
Subjects: Consumption (economics), Related factors, Multivariate analysis, business.industry, Tobacco control, 010501 environmental sciences, Smoking prevalence, 01 natural sciences, Iranian population, Environmental health, Waterpipe Smoking, Waterpipe Tobacco, Medicine, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Introduction and objectives: Due to the fact that waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing among people around the world, there is no enough information about its consumption. This study is designed to evaluate the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking and its related factors among Iranian adults. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out during 2014-2015 in Tehran among 1830 citizens of over fifteen years old. Sampling was through Stratified multistage cluster sampling with proportional allocation within strata.GATS questionnaire for waterpipe consumption was used for data gathering. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of current waterpipe tobacco smoking was 17.6% .Waterpipe use prevalence in men was significantly more than women9s (24.2% vs. 11.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that age,sex,cigarette consumption, waterpipe consumption at home and wrong belief about safety of waterpipe were significantly influenced the current waterpipe consumption. p=0.001 conclusion: The prevalence of current waterpipe use in adults was 17.9%, which is a significant rate. The consumption among the men is two times more than women. After adjusting, the associated factors with current waterpipe smoking included: being male, current cigarette smoking, long life ever cigarette smoking, misperception about it9s safety, and the exposure to waterpipe smoke in the house. It is needed to have special consideration towards waterpipe use in Iran9s tobacco control programs and it is essential to fight against it alongside with the combat against cigarette consumption.
Published: 2016
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41. Associated factors for dual user of hookah and cigarette

Author: Habib Emami, Ali Abdolahinia, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and Zahra Hessami
Subjects: Related factors, Random cluster, Cigarette smoking, Cross-sectional study, business.industry, Environmental health, Tobacco control, Medicine, Pack-year, Adverse effect, business, Nicotine Addiction
Abstract: Introduction: Concurrent use of tobacco products (hookah and cigarette) could increase the risks and complications associated with smoking and nicotine addiction. The interaction between these two simultaneous intakes can cause adverse effects on smokers. Precise information about dosage and side effects of concurrent use of both tobacco products has been less focused by experts. In this study, the concomitant use of hookah and cigarette and their related factors were examined. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, different geographic areas were selected and random cluster sampling was done on people over 15 years old. The questionnaire of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was completed and analyzed. Results: From 1830 participants, 76 (4.2%) consumed both hookah and cigarette, 243 cases (13.3%) consumed hookah alone, and 120 (6/6%) smoked cigarette only. Also, about 86.8% of concurrent users were male, and 31.2% were female (p Conclusion: The percentage of hookah smokers shows increasing use in the community. Dual smokers were older than hookah smokers and more frequently were male. Dual smokers started hookah earlier than cigarette. This could support the theory that use of hookah is grounds for starting cigarette smoking. It seems that experts and policy makers of tobacco control should take into account this type of smoking.
Published: 2016
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42. Comparison of Tobacco Control Programs Worldwide: A Quantitative Analysis of the 2015 World Health Organization MPOWER Report

Author: Gholamreza Heydari, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Fahimeh Chamyani, and Lida Fadaizadeh
Subjects: Tobacco use, Third party, business.industry, lcsh:R, Tobacco control, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:Medicine, Brief Communication, World Health Organization, tobacco, World health, Checklist, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Work (electrical), Quantitative analysis (finance), Environmental protection, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Control, Medicine, business, Socioeconomics
Abstract: Background: A report of the activities of countries worldwide for six main policies to control tobacco use is published once every 2 years by the World Health Organization (WHO). Our objective was to perform a quantitative analysis for it in countries and regions to make a simple view of its programs. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study by filling out a validated checklist from the 2015 WHO Report (MPOWER). All ten MPOWER measures got scores and were entered independently by two individuals and a third party compared the values. Results: Fifteen countries, which acquired the highest scores (85% of total 37), included Panama and Turkey with 35, Brazil and Uruguay with 34, Ireland, United Kingdom, Iran, Brunei, Argentina, and Costa Rica with 33, and Australia, Nepal, Thailand, Canada, and Mauritius with 32 points. Conclusions: Comparison of scores of different countries in this respect can be beneficial since it creates a challenge for the health policymakers to find weakness of the tobacco control programs to work on it.
Published: 2016

43. Latent tuberculosis (TB) bacilli: Yes or no to preventive chemotherapy

Author: Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Ali Akbar Velayati, Parissa Farnia, and Mohammadreza Masjedi
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Chemotherapy, Bacilli, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Latent tuberculosis, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:QR1-502, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Data science, lcsh:Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Text mining, medicine, business, Intensive care medicine
Published: 2016

44. Nonlinear model for estimating respiratory volume based on thoracoabdominal breathing movements

Author: Shahriar Gharibzadeh, Parivash Eftekhari, Mohammad Reza Raoufy, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Sohrab Hajizadeh, and Ali R. Mani
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Calibration (statistics), Pattern recognition, Volume Curve, Surgery, Linear regression, medicine, Breathing, Respiratory inductance plethysmography, Respiratory function, Artificial intelligence, business, Respiratory minute volume, Tidal volume
Abstract: Background and objective: Respiratory inductive plethysmography is a non-invasive technique for measuring respiratory function. However, there are challenges associated with using linear methods for calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography. In this study, we developed two nonlinear models, artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, to estimate respiratory volume based on thoracoabdominal movements, and compared these models with routine linear approaches, including qualitative diagnostic calibration and multiple linear regression. Methods: Recordings of spirometry volume and respiratory inductive plethysmography were obtained for 10 normal subjects and 10 asthmatic patients, during asynchronous breathing for 7 min. The first 5 min of recording were used to develop the models; the remaining data were used for subsequent validation of the results. Results: The results from the nonlinear models fitted the spirometry volume curve significantly better than those obtained by linear methods, particularly during asynchrony (P
Published: 2012
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45. Risk factors affecting the survival rate in patients with symptomatic pericardial effusion undergoing surgical intervention

Author: Neda Behzadnia, Seyed Mohammad Saeed Ghiasi, Zahra Ansari Aval, Seyed Mohsen Mirhosseini, Mojtaba Lotfaliany, Amirhossein Mozaffary, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mohammad Fakhri, and Mohammad Reza Boloursaz
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Univariate analysis, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, medicine.medical_treatment, Hazard ratio, medicine.disease, Pericardial effusion, Surgery, Pericardial window, Cardiac tamponade, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Lung cancer, Survival rate
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The optimal management and treatment of pericardial effusion are still controversial. There is limited data related to the risk factors affecting survival in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors affecting the survival rate of patients with symptomatic pericardial effusion who underwent surgical interventions. METHODS: From 2004 to 2011, we retrospectively analysed 153 patients who underwent subxiphoid pericardial window as their surgical intervention to drain pericardial effusions at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases (NRITLD). To determine the effects of risk factors on survival rate, demographic data, clinical records, echocardiographic data, computed tomographic and cytopathological findings and also operative information of patients were recorded. Patients were followed annually until the last clinical follow-up (August 2011). To determine the prognostic factors affecting survival, both univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were utilized. RESULTS: There were 89 men and 64 women with a mean age of 50.3 ± 15.5 years. The most prevalent symptom was dyspnoea. Concurrent malignancies were present in 66 patients. Lungs were the most prevalent primary site for malignancy. The median duration of follow-up was 15 (range 1–85 months). Six-month, 1-year and 18-month survival rates were 85.6, 61.4 and 36.6%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, positive history of lung cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 2.894, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.362–6.147, P= 0.006) or other organ cancers (HR 2.315, 95% CI 1.009–50311, P= 0.048), presence of a mass in the computed tomography (HR 1.985, 95% CI 1.100–3.581, P= 0.023), and echocardiographic findings compatible with tamponade (HR 1.745, 95% CI 1.048–2.90 P= 0.032) were the three independent predictors of postoperative death. CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical management of pericardial effusion, patients with underlying malignant disease, especially with lung cancer, patients with a detectable invasion of thorax in computed tomography and those with positive echocardiographic findings compatible with tamponade have a poor survival. Therefore, minimally invasive therapies could be considered as a more acceptable alternative for these high-risk patients.
Published: 2012
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46. [Untitled]

Author: Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian, Golnar Radmand, Seyed Amir Mohajerani, Hamidreza Jamaati, Payam Tabarsi, Zohre Maghsomi, and Esmaeil Mortaz
Subjects: ARDS, Tuberculosis, business.industry, Immunology, medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Proinflammatory cytokine
Published: 2012
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47. [Untitled]

Author: Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian, Parisa Adimi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Mahmoud Khandashpour, Majid Malekmohammad, and Seyed Amir Mohajerani
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Biomarker (medicine), Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Malignancy, medicine.disease, business, Procalcitonin, Exudative pleural effusion
Published: 2012
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48. [Untitled]

Author: Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian, Majid Malekmohammad, Seyed Amir Mohajerani, Hamidreza Jamaati, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Golnar Radmand, and Pegah Khamechi
Subjects: COPD, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Non invasive, Emergency medicine, Breathing, medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2012
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49. Wells’ prediction rules for pulmonary embolism

Author: Saeid Kermani-Randjbar, Mandana Chitsazan, Bavand Bikdeli, Babak Sharif-Kashani, Solmaz Ehteshami-Afshar, Behnood Bikdeli, Neda Behzadnia, Leila Saliminejad, Ehsan Chitsaz, and Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Subjects: Male, Tachycardia, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Decision Support Techniques, Risk groups, Internal medicine, medicine, Pulmonary angiography, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Venous Thrombosis, business.industry, Hematology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Pulmonary embolism, Venous thrombosis, Lung disease, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Pulmonary Embolism, business
Abstract: Pulmonary embolism is major cause of hospital death. Clinical prediction rules such as Wells' prediction rules can help in selection of at-risk patients who need further testing for pulmonary embolism. We evaluated the usefulness of such criteria for detection of patients with diagnosed pulmonary embolism. Patients enrolled in National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) deep venous thrombosis (DVT) registry were evaluated and those with objective data about presence or absence of pulmonary embolism were selected for this study. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was based on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). We calculated the embolic burden in those with CTPA-confirmed pulmonary embolism. Eighty-six patients entered the study (58 males, 28 females, mean age = 54.39 ± 1.74 years). Fifty-four cases had coexisting pulmonary embolism (embolic burden score: 10.77 ± 1.181). Embolic burden score was correlated to presence of massive pulmonary embolism (Pearson rho: 0.43, P = 0.002). There was no association between Wells' pulmonary embolism score and the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (Spearman's rho: 0.085, P = 0.51). Dividing the patients into two, or three, risk groups according to Wells' model did not reveal an association with occurrence of pulmonary embolism either (P = 0.99 and P = 0.261, respectively). Tachycardia and hemoptysis were the only parameters from the Wells' pulmonary embolism score correlated to presence of pulmonary embolism (Spearman's rho: 0.373, P < 0.000 and Spearman's rho: 0.297, P = 0.005, correspondingly). Wells' pulmonary embolism score could not predict the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in DVT patients suspected of having coexisting pulmonary embolism. Until further studies shed light on this patient subset, overreliance on Wells' prediction rules as the solo decision making tool should be cautioned.
Published: 2012
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50. Which form of nicotine replacement therapy is more effective for quitting smoking? A study in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

Author: A Ebn Ahmady, G. Heydari, Harry A. Lando, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, and M Marashian
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Islamic republic, medicine.medical_treatment, Iran, Nicotine, Sex Factors, Behavior Therapy, Sex factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Nicotine replacement, Aged, 80 and over, Traditional medicine, business.industry, Drug Administration Routes, Age Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Nicotine replacement therapy, Chewing gum, Tobacco Use Cessation Devices, Socioeconomic Factors, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, Observational study, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Nicotine replacement therapy can double the chance of success for smokers attempting to quit. This observational study aimed to compare quit rates of different formulations of nicotine replacement among clients referred to a smoking cessation clinic in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Clients entering the study (n = 308) participated in 4 sessions of behavioural therapy, chose a type of nicotine replacement to use (patches, chewing gum, tablets or both patches and gum) and were followed up for 12 months. After 4 weeks of quitting, 88.2% (246/279) reported abstaining from smoking. Self-reported maintenance rates for quitting were 54.9% after 6 months and 36.2% after 12 months follow-up. A significant correlation was found between type of nicotine replacement and quit rate. Use of nicotine patches and chewing gum together had the highest quit rate (95.2%) after 4 weeks and at 12 months follow-up (62.5%). Consuming 2 forms of nicotine replacement in therapy could result in enhanced rates of long-term quitting.
Published: 2012
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