Anderson Dik Wai Luk, Pamela P. Lee, Huawei Mao, Koon-Wing Chan, Xiang Yuan Chen, Tong-Xin Chen, Jian Xin He, Nadia Kechout, Deepti Suri, Yin Bo Tao, Yong Bin Xu, Li Ping Jiang, Woei Kang Liew, Orathai Jirapongsananuruk, Tassalapa Daengsuwan, Anju Gupta, Surjit Singh, Amit Rawat, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Anselm Chi Wai Lee, Lynette P. Shek, Thi Van Anh Nguyen, Tek Jee Chin, Yin Hsiu Chien, Zarina Abdul Latiff, Thi Minh Huong Le, Nguyen Ngoc Quynh Le, Bee Wah Lee, Qiang Li, Dinesh Raj, Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche, Meow-Keong Thong, Maria Carmen D. Ang, Xiao Chuan Wang, Chen Guang Xu, Hai Guo Yu, Hsin-Hui Yu, Tsz Leung Lee, Felix Yat Sun Yau, Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong, Wenwei Tu, Wangling Yang, Patrick Chun Yin Chong, Marco Hok Kung Ho, Yu Lung Lau, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine [HKU], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Shenzhen Primary Immunodeficiency Diagnostic and Therapeutic Laboratory, Guangzhou Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Guangzhou Women & Childrens Med Ctr, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Singapore, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health [Bangkok], Monash University [Malaysia], Mount Elizabeth Hospital, National University of Singapore (NUS), National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Sarawak General Hospital [Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia], National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, National Children’s Hospital, Sichuan Second West China Hospital, Holy Family Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie], San Pedro Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Nanjing Children’s Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital [Hong Kong] (QEH), This work was supported by the Hong Kong Society for Relief of Disabled Children, the Health and Medical Research Fund (01120846), and and grant from Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission ([2015]164)
International audience; Background: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is fatal unless treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Delay in diagnosis is common without newborn screening. Family history of infant death due to infection or known SCID (FH) has been associated with earlier diagnosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features that affect age at diagnosis (AD) and time to the diagnosis of SCID.Methods: From 2005 to 2016, 147 SCID patients were referred to the Asian Primary Immunodeficiency Network. Patients with genetic diagnosis, age at presentation (AP), and AD were selected for study.Results: A total of 88 different SCID gene mutations were identified in 94 patients, including 49 IL2RG mutations, 12 RAG1 mutations, 8 RAG2 mutations, 7 JAK3 mutations, 4 DCLRE1C mutations, 4 IL7R mutations, 2 RFXANK mutations, and 2 ADA mutations. A total of 29 mutations were previously unreported. Eighty-three of the 94 patients fulfilled the selection criteria. Their median AD was 4 months, and the time to diagnosis was 2 months. The commonest SCID was X-linked (n = 57). A total of 29 patients had a positive FH. Candidiasis (n = 27) and bacillus CalmetteGuerin (BCG) vaccine infection (n = 19) were the commonest infections. The median age for candidiasis and BCG infection documented were 3 months and 4 months, respectively. The median absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was 1.05 x 10(9)/L with over 88% patients below 3 x 10(9)/L. Positive FH was associated with earlier AP by 1 month (p = 0.002) and diagnosis by 2 months (p = 0.008), but not shorter time to diagnosis (p = 0.494). Candidiasis was associated with later AD by 2 months (p = 0.008) and longer time to diagnosis by 0.55 months (p = 0.003). BCG infections were not associated with age or time to diagnosis.Conclusion: FH was useful to aid earlier diagnosis but was overlooked by clinicians and not by parents. Similarly, typical clinical features of SCID were not recognized by clinicians to shorten the time to diagnosis. We suggest that lymphocyte subset should be performed for any infant with one or more of the following four clinical features: FH, candidiasis, BCG infections, and ALC below 3 x 10(9)/L.