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The topic of the study is especially relevant because of the non-standard form of employment (NFE) ‘volunteering’ has acquired across the global. Similarly, NFE ‘voluntourism’ has recently been acquiring the form of a social movement and the development of mechanisms for public administration of these activities is far from complete. The aim of the article is to summarise the world experience of the project approach of public authorities to youth policy and the introduction of NFE of youth ‘volunteering’, as well as to analyse the experience of the micro-project approach of public authorities in Mariupol, Ukraine. The study is based on a comprehensive and systematic approach to public management of youth employment and uses methods to describe, summarise, analyse and synthesise the results of observations and experiments. The generalisation of the world experience of the project approach of public authorities to the introduction of non-standard forms of youth employment ‘volunteering’ and ‘voluntourism’ and the modern experience of its use is supported by UNESCO, which allows expanding its scope. It established that experience of the project approach of public authorities on creation of NFE ‘volunteering’ in the city of Mariupol, Ukraine, can be considered as innovative technology of information education. Thus, the project approach of public authorities with the use of NFE ‘volunteering’ and ‘voluntourism’ plays a specific useful role in professional and life situations of young people and allows them to perform social functions of professional, community and personal goals and competencies.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is quite common in clinical practice of doctors of many specialties. Decrease in intraduodenal lipase levels below 5–10% of normal leads to pancreatic steatorrhea, weight loss and a potential decrease in quality of life. These clinical manifestations are more often presented in patients with a primary genesis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, while secondary exocrine insufficiency is more often subclinical, which predetermines its early diagnosis. However, many methods for diagnosing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which have been developed and used in clinical practice in recent years, have low sensitivity or specificity, or are time-consuming and poorly tolerated by patients. The method for determining the level of coprological elastase is not always reliable, especially in patients with chronic diarrhea, which predetermines its implementation in formalized stool, for example, during therapy. It is important to take into account the fact that with moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, the sensitivity and specificity of assessing the level of fecal elastase can weaken by 30%. However, regardless of the receipt of diagnostic data and the cause of the development of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, the goal of therapy is to eliminate the processes of maldigestion and malabsorption, reduce the severity of symptoms of indigestion and prevent their negative consequences. At the same time, it is necessary to include an enzyme preparation in the complex therapy, the choice of which, its dosage and duration of therapy are determined taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the severity of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, in patients with suspected exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to clinical manifestations, it is possible to use empirical enzyme replacement therapy. An example of such an approach for patients with secondary exocrine insufficiency is the appointment of the enzyme preparation containing pancreatin.

The content of insulin-like growth factor 1 and essential trace elements (zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium) was studied in the blood plasma of children with short stature, depending on the etiology of the disease. The presence of a significant imbalance of essential trace elements in patients with short stature, primarily caused by deficiency of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, was established. The significant weak correlation between indicators of insulin-like growth factor 1 and the average level of zinc in the blood plasma of children with short stature was noted in the whole group. At the same time, the significant strong correlation between indicators of insulin-like growth factor‑1 and zinc in the blood plasma was revealed in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency, full or partial. No correlation was found between indices of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the blood plasma and indices of selenium, manganese, chromium, copper.

Метою роботи було підвищення ефективності лікування дітей і підлітків із синдромом біологічно неактивного гормона росту (СБНГР) на основі вивчення вмісту есенціальних мікроелементів (ЕМ) у плазмі крові. Матеріали та методи. В дослідження включено 206 дітей і підлітків з різними формами низькорослості. Діти, хворі на СБНГР, увійшли до групи з 29 осіб (14,08 %): 21 хлопчик (72,41 %) і 8 дівчаток (27,59 %), відставання у зрості яких становило від –2,0 до –4,6 SD. Середній вік дітей — 9,01 ± 0,60 року. Діагноз СБНГР підтверджений наявністю нормальних/підвищених показників гормона росту (ГР) на тлі проведення стимуляційних тестів, різким зниженням рівня інсуліноподібного фактора росту 1 (ІФР-1) та позитивною пробою на чутливість до ГР. Мікроелементний статус оцінювали шляхом визначення рівнів ЕМ (цинку, селену, марганцю, хрому, міді) у плазмі крові методом рентгенофлуоресцентної спектрометрії за допомогою спектрометра ElvaX-med (Україна). Рівні ІФР-1 в плазмі крові визначали імунорадіометричним методом за допомогою стандартних наборів IRMA IGF-1 (Immunotech® kit, Чеська Республіка). Результати. В групі дітей з СБНГР рівень цинку становив 0,57 ± 0,04 мкг/мл, селену — 0,05 ± 0,01 мкг/мл, що вірогідно нижче, ніж у загальній групі дітей з низькорослістю (р < 0,001 та р < 0,05 відповідно). Середні рівні хрому та міді в плазмі крові були зниженими порівняно з показниками дітей з іншими формами низькорослості й становили 0,040 ± 0,003 мкг/мл і 0,79 ± 0,05 мкг/мл відповідно, та були вірогідно нижчими, ніж у дітей контрольної групи (р 0,01). Висновки. У пацієнтів із СБНГР встановлено вірогідне зниження рівнів цинку, селену, хрому та міді у плазмі крові. Отже, на наш погляд, до комплексу обстеження дітей з низькорослістю доцільно включати визначення рівнів ЕМ. При виявленні знижених рівнів ЕМ рекомендовано комбіноване лікування препаратами рекомбінантного ГР та такими, які містять відповідні ЕМ, що значно підвищує ефективність ріст-корегуючої терапії.

Currently, modern methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of investment projects are most focused on quantitative assessment, do not take into account the peculiarities of project implementation at different stages, and also lack the ability to take into account investment risks in conditions of sectoral characteristics. Risks are associated with postponing the implementation of the investment project over time, so taking into account uncertainties should be an integral part of the assessment of the effectiveness of projects. When creating and implementing an investment project, it is necessary to take into account innovative, commercial, technical and technological, financial risks. Therefore, it is proposed to improve the methodology for assessing efficiency based on the risks taken into account in calculating the discount rate for each phase of the life cycle of the project. In the article, the authors substantiated the need to apply systematic analysis, modern methods, a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of investment projects in the electric power industry, taking into account the risks taken into account when calculating the discount rate for each phase of the life cycle of the project, which allows you to more accurately calculate the main indicators of the efficiency of the investment project. The main indicators of evaluation of investment projects efficiency and factors influencing decision-making on investment projects, such as inflation, discounting ratios of the corresponding investment sphere, are considered. Applied research, and even more so fundamental, requires significant investments, the return on which at the first stages of the development and implementation of investment projects is difficult to predict. The end result is also obviously not predictable, which makes investing one of the most risky areas of activity of modern companies.

The aim of the study was a comparative characteristic of the size of internal organs according to ultrasonography data in subjects with various deviations in stature, determined using international standardized norms. Materials and methods. The stature was measured in 93 adolescents, aged 13 to 17 years. Based on the measurements, the Z -score of body length was calculated according to the WHO Growth Reference, 2007 and three groups were formed for comparing the sizes of internal organs: “average”, “above average”, “below average”. Ultrasonography data of the internal organs dimensions and thyroid gland was performed using a Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound scanner. Results. There were statistically significantly lower values of the liver span and the longitudinal size of the gallbladder in the examined subjects from the “below average” group compared to the rest of the subjects. The length of the spleen and the total volume of the thyroid gland were statistically significantly different in subjects from all three groups, with the highest values in volunteers from the “above average” group. A weak direct correlation was shown between the Z -score of body length and liver span, the length of the cauda of the pancreas, and the width of the spleen. An average direct statistical relationship was found between the Z -score of stature and the length of the spleen, as well as the total volume of the thyroid gland. Conclusion. To a greater extent, body length is associated with the size of the parenchymal organs with a pronounced connective tissue frame - the liver and spleen, as well as the thyroid gland due to the relationship of its volume with hormones that regulate growth and development. Clinical substantiation of the relationship between the structure of the body and internal organs opens up the possibility of creating anatomical standards that allow ultrasound morphometric assessment of internal organs, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient’s body size.

The global spread of coronavirus infection has paralyzed the work of many areas of economic, business, and, of course, educational activities of almost all countries on the planet. Unfortunately, Ukraine is no exception, and a quarantine regime has been introduced in this country. The way out of the current situation in education in Ukraine was the introduction of distance learning in all educational institutions, which created new challenges for both teachers and students. The purpose of the paper was to study information technologies, tools and methods of learning that can be used for distance learning in educational institutions under quarantine. As a result, authors analyzed world practices in ensuring the educational process within the framework of distance learning. The advantages and disadvantages of distance learning technologies for both higher education institutions and higher education seekers were identified.

Purpose. At present, the computer networks of the information and telecommunication system (ITS) of railway transport use the OSPF protocol, which does not allow taking into account several metrics when determining the optimal route. Therefore, there is a need to study the possibility of organizing routing in computer networks of rail transport ITS using a two-colonial ant algorithm. Methodology. According to the Two-ACO software model, created in the Python language based on the two-colonial ant algorithm, the optimal route in a computer network was determined. Two-ACO model inputs: computer network parameters (network adjacency matrix, number of routers); parameters of the ant algorithm (number of iterations; number of ants in the colony; number of elite ants; initial pheromone level; evaporation rate; parameter for adjusting the amount of pheromone deposition). Findings. The results of the Two-ACO model are presented in the form of graphs depicting the optimal paths: the criterion of the total delay on the routers (for the first colony of ants) and the number of hops (for the second colony of ants). Originality. According to the created Two-ACO software model for a computer network of 7 routers and 17 channels, a study of the time for determining the optimal path in a computer network by the number of ordinary and elite ants, evaporation rate and deposited pheromone was conducted. It is determined that it is enough to use the number of ants equal to the number of routers and have 2 elite ants in the colony, with 1000 iterations, evaporation rate from 0.2 to 0.7, and pheromone deposition by ants close to one. Practical value. Created Two-ACO software model using two colonies of ants on the following criteria: the total delay on the routers (for the first colony of ants) and the number of hops that make up the route (for the second colony of ants) allows you to parallel determine the optimal routes in a computer network of railway transport. It is estimated that for a computer network of 15 routers and 17 channels, it is sufficient to have 30 agents (two ants on top), the value of the pheromone deposited by the agents is close to one, and the evaporation rate is 0.4.

For evaluation of the effect of high-fat diet on the development of diabetic complications, the rats were maintained on standard or high-fat diet. In 3 weeks, diabetes mellitus was modeled by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Changes in hematological parameters, physical and biochemical parameters of the urine, and in the development of thermal allodynia were different after 15-week standard and high-fat diets.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widespread disease. Despite the fact that different approaches to the treatment and prevention of recurrence of this disease have been developed, the number of patients with GERD, including refractory form of GERD, is only increasing. To date, well studied and described the possible links of the pathogenesis of this disease, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of GERD. Effective drug therapy of GERD includes the appointment of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). However, doctors are often faced with the problem of ineffective use of PPI in patients with GERD or with the so-called refractory form of GERD. The reasons for the ineffectiveness of therapy of PPI can be associated not only with the pathogenetic features of GERD and therapy, but also with the patient himself. Daily pH monitoring allows to determine the cause of the ineffectiveness of the treatment of PPI if the patient complies with all prescriptions. With ineffective acid suppression in the stomach, it is necessary to increase the dose of PPI or replace it. It is important to prescribe both effective and safe means of correcting the symptoms of GERD, and also take into account the possibility of long-term maintenance of remission when using them. These requirements are met by PPI, created in the form of enantiomers, having an improved pharmacokinetic profile. An example of this differentiated approach is dexlansoprazole, a law-converting monoisomer of lansoprazole with double release technology and the ability to maintain the antisecretory effect for a long time, which appeared relatively recently on the Russian pharmaceutical market. The use of this drug is presented in a clinical case.

We studied the formation of injuries in lung endothelium and the response of angiogenesis cells during modeling of pulmonary emphysema in male and female C57BL/6 mice with metabolic disorders. Hemodynamic disturbances and reduction in the area of the microvasculature caused by combined pathology in male mice were more pronounced than in females. Mobilization and migration of angiogenic precursors were impaired in both male and female mice. In males, activity of recruiting endothelial progenitor cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, luminal cells of nascent vessels and pericytes into the lungs was additionally reduced. In females, accumulation of endothelial progenitor cells (CD45-CD31+CD34+), vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes in the lungs was observed, which indicated activation of endothelial regeneration. Sex differences in the reaction of the lung endothelium and angiogenesis cells can be explained by genetic factors of lipid and glucose metabolism.

A model approach to the analysis of the susceptibility of a microorganism to UV radiation has been substantiated. Modeling of the kinetics of UV disinfection was carried out on the basis of the application of the theory of cellular automata, which makes it possible to determine the mechanism of death of a microorganism, as well as to develop recommendations for the modes of UV treatment of water. The results of modeling the kinetics of UV disinfection for the main mechanisms of the death of microorganisms are shown: the model of target damage, the cumulative model and their combination, with varying the main influencing parameters.

The problem of survival and effectiveness of treatment for cancer is an urgent and socially significant task of modern science. Today, medicine is focused on improving the survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms, increasing their life expectancy, and maintaining the life quality of this category of patients. Support for cancer patients is a priority in medical and psychological research, in which it is particularly important to identify the prerequisites of the disease, survival factors and psychological resources for adaptation to the disease. Breast cancer is accompanied by strong emotional stress, has a psychotraumatic effect on the patient and affects many aspects of life. The role of coping with the diagnosis, as well as with the stress caused by a long treatment process, is currently insufficiently studied. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study coping behavior in women with breast cancer for a period of up to six months after diagnosis. It was a longitudinal study that last for three years. This article reflects the results of the first section of our study. We have found that women with breast cancer tend to suppress emotional responses and control their own experiences. When studying the age-related features of coping behavior, we found that 30-to 40-year-old women are more likely to use avoiding, social and confrontational coping than older women. Married women prefer to look for positive aspects in the current difficult life conditions, rather than unmarried. Coping behavior of women who have a job differs from coping behavior of women who have no job. The former are more likely to use such strategies as Confrontational coping, Search for social support, Escape-avoidance, Planning a solution to the problem. In addition, we found that the level of education is associated with the choice of coping strategies. For example, women with higher education tend to plan for resolving difficulties, maintain self-control, seek conditional benefits from the current situation, and are more likely to seek social support than women with secondary vocational education. The study of coping behavior in women with breast cancer as part of a longitudinal study reveals the specifics and dynamics of overcoming difficulties at the initial and subsequent stages of treatment. The identified differences will serve as the basis for creating a program for developing coping behavior and a program for psychological support of patients with cancer, as well as for further empirical study of other psychological factors of survival and disease course in patients with malignant neoplasms.

Purpose.The article is aimed at the development of a methodology for detecting attacks on a computer network. To achieve this goal the following tasks were solved: to develop a methodology for detecting attacks on a computer network based on an ensemble of neural networks using normalized data from the open KDD Cup 99 database; when performing machine training to identify the optimal parameters of the neural network which will provide a sufficiently high level of reliability of detection of intrusions into the computer network.Methodology.As an architectural solution of the attack detection module, a two-level network system is proposed, based on an ensemble of five neural networks of the multilayer perceptron type. The first neural network to determine the category of attack class (DoS, R2L, U2R, Probe) or the fact that there was no attack; other neural networks – to detect the type of attack, if any (each of these four neural networks corresponds to one class of attack and is able to identify types that belong only to this class).Findings.The created software model was used to study the parameters of the neural network configuration 41–1–132–5, which determines the category of the attack class on the computer network. It is determined that the optimal training speed is 0.001. The ADAM algorithm proved to be the best for optimization. The ReLU function is the most suitable activation function for the hidden layer, and the hyperbolic tangent function – for the output layer activation function. Accuracy in test and validation samples was 92.86 % and 91.03 %, respectively.Originality.The developed software model, which uses the Python 3.5 programming language, the integrated development environment PyCharm 2016.3 and the Tensorflow 1.2 framework, makes it possible to detect all types of attacks of DoS, U2R, R2L, Probe classes.Practical value.Graphical dependencies of accuracy of neural networks at various parameters are received: speed of training; activation function; optimization algorithm. The optimal parameters of neural networks have been determined, which will ensure a sufficiently high level of reliability of intrusion detection into a computer network.

Purpose of research. To obtain a two-parameter model characterizing the aerodynamic and heat exchange processes occurring in a vortex heat exchanger, giving a better agreement between the calculated and experimental values of the heat transfer coefficient taking into account the curvature of the swirling gas flow in a vortex heat exchanger, in which a controlled gas pressure drop is used as a source of thermal energy. This technical solution will make it possible to abandon the installation of autonomous sources of thermal energy, which will reduce the cost of gas as a fuel in the heating system of the industrial premises of the gas distribution point (GDP), as well as provide more comfortable working conditions for the hydraulic fracturing pressure regulator. Methods. Comprehensive analysis of thermal and hydraulic characteristics in a vortex heat exchanger is based on well-known theoretical positions and equations of motion of a swirling gas flow and heat exchange laws. Results. It is obtained a dependence that characterizes the intensification of heat transfer based on the influence of the axial and rotational speed, as well as the path of motion of the swirling gas flow. This dependence is obtained on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the aerodynamic and heat exchange characteristics of a vortex heat exchanger, in which a controlled gas pressure drop is used as a source of thermal energy. Conclusion. The obtained two-parameter model gives the best agreement of the calculated values of the heat transfer coefficient with the values obtained experimentally, which were used in the thermal engineering calculation of the design parameters of the vortex heat exchanger.

The present article studies the massive virgin land campaigns as a special frontier process of the Soviet period. The author characterizes virgin regions as a space of a unique inner frontier. The main prerequisite for the beginning of a large-scale development campaign was the presence, in the East of the country, of vast areas that were sparsely populated and almost unused. This study identifies Orenburg region as one of the largest regions that saw an attack on virgin land. As the virgin campaign unfolded, it began to face various kinds of problems and difficulties. In the process of plowing new land masses, the specifics of the regions in the immediate development zone were practically not taken into account. The use of standardized techniques had a negative impact on the development of the farms established on virgin land. Obvious mistakes were made in the course of organizing the production and social infrastructure. The article focuses on the difficult living and working conditions on virgin land in the first years. The development of new lands led to the formation of a unique virgin area. Its creation was preceded by a complex process. A virgin brotherhood emerged through the joint overcoming of many difficulties, in parallel with the development of virgin villages. At the initial stage, the territorial and informational isolation of the region contributed to the consolidation of the resettlement community. It is demonstrated that the virgin land gradually lost the features typical for frontier regions. Already by the mid-1960s, the zone of development of new lands in Orenburg region almost completely lost the inherent frontier specificity that it had at the beginning of the campaign.

The global spread of coronavirus infection has paralysed the work of many areas of economic, business, and, of course, educational activities of almost all countries on the planet. Unfortunately, Ukraine is no exception and a quarantine regime has been introduced in this country. The way out of the current situation in education in Ukraine was the introduction of distance learning in all educational institutions, which created new challenges for both teachers and students. The purpose of the paper was to study information technologies, tools and methods of learning that can be used for distance learning in educational institutions under quarantine. As a result, authors analysed world practices in ensuring the educational process within the framework of distance learning. The advantages and disadvantages of distance learning technologies for both higher education institutions and higher education seekers were identified. The research algorithm was presented in the form of systemic interrelations between the form of distance learning and information and software resources. The main features of such remote technologies as Moodle, Google Classroom, and video communication systems Zoom and Hangouts Meet were analysed.

In recent years, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are quite common. The most significant functional disorders are functional dyspepsia (FD), which is widespread in the population. In addition, in the clinical practice of outpatient doctors, the proportion of combined variants or overlap of several types of functional disorders or a combination of functional disorders with organic pathology has increased. So, according to systematic reviews, the combined course of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and FD occurs in at least one third of patients. At the same time, the combined functional pathology of the gastrointestinal tract changes the clinical picture of GERD, which complicates differential diagnosis, leads to inadequate and multiple prescription of drugs and often low effectiveness of the prescribed therapy. All this negatively affects the quality of life of patients. The tactics of managing patients with the combined course of GERD and FD sometimes presents certain difficulties, since there are no available recommendations for pathogenetic therapy and preventive measures. To date, possible links in the pathogenesis of both GERD and FD have been studied and described, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of these two diseases. Drug therapy for GERD includes the appointment of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antireflux drugs. In FD therapy, prokinetics and/or PPIs are effective. A rational approach in the treatment of the intersection of GERD and FD is the appointment of a drug with a dual mechanism of action, which contains both a prokinetic and a PPI. An example of this approach is the appointment of omeprazole and domperidone. The use of this drug is presented in a clinical case.

The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren about learning problems during the new type of COVID 2019 coronavirus pandemic. The author analyzes issues related to the well-being of schoolchildren, their psychological state, relationships with people around them, and motivation to study. In conclusion, the author notes the need to organize distance learning, taking into account the physiological characteristics of children, compliance with the work and rest regime.

The article presents the substantiation of efficiency of sea transport in the world transport system. The main condition of ensuring water safety is equipment of ships with fail-safe and effective collective life-saving equipment (CLSE). Today the standard rescue operation when using CLSE is a series-parallel action of the ship’s crew, where the ship is sinking on an even keel, or with a slight roll to one side. It has been stated that such cases are extremely rare. As a rule, the situation develops rapidly. Accident statistics disposes to developing the modern approaches to the safety of human life at sea. There are two directions for safety ensuring. One of them is the development and implementation of artificial intelligence systems for CLSE, when CLSE independently, without human control, responds to the emergency with greater probability of the ship loss and the crew death. Another direction is when there is no need to save the crew (in case of unmanned ships). There are considered the Russian diesel engines for the lifeboats: specialized marine diesels 4CHSP9.5/11 - Caspiy 30M and 4CHSP9.5/11 - Caspiy 40. Both engines are equipped with a dual start-up system - manual and electric starter, they have a reverse gear transmission, a single-circuit flow-through sea water cooling system, decompression devices and standard mounted units, ac-cording to the requirements of the International Convention of Saving Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Code of Life-Saving Appliances (LSA Code). In modern environment, the scientific foundations and technical solutions are being developed to ensure the reliable start-up of swirl-chamber diesel engines by exposing the fuel to physical fields, without using glow plugs

Introduction. The growth of oncological morbidity and the advent of novel surgery methods to improve quality of life and longevity entail a steady growth of noncardiac surgery in elderly patients. Provided the general aging of the population, an increase in the number of comorbid patients and a growing use of medical implanted devices, the assessment of main risk factors for perioperative complications acquires a higher relevance.Materials and methods. On the basis of a clinical case of an elderly patient, approaches to perioperative risk assessment; methods for risk factor isolation during the preoperative stage; and the importance of informing the patient about the incurred risk are discussed.Results and discussion. A postmortem examination established stage IV coronary atherosclerosis of 3rd degree, stenosis of left and right coronary artery lumen to 60–80%, atherosclerotic plaque wall raptures in the left coronary artery with haemorrhage into the base (“unstable plaque”), ischemic myocardial dystrophy, pockets of abnormal myocardial blood flow. Th e conducted analysis of the clinical case, along with a review of existing literature sources and American and European guidelines for cardiac risk assessment in non-surgical patients, demonstrates the need for updating domestic recommendations on perioperative risk assessment. Such a revision should complement the current international experience with the meta-analysis of the prognostic value of stress tests, routine coronary angiography and preventive pre-surgical coronary recanalisation.Conclusion. It can be concluded that the existing clinical recommendations and risk assessment scales fail to provide immediate solutions to ensure sufficient patient’s safety in the operating room; rather, these documents should only be considered as a vector for decision making in particular clinical circumstances.

Purpose. At the present stage, network attack detection systems based on the following neural networks are most often offered: multilayer perceptron, Kohonen network or self-organizing map and their combinations. The efficiency problem of two approaches to detect attacks on a computer network using neural network technology based on the normalized data of the open NSL-KDD database is considered. Methodology. As an architectural solution to the network attack detection system, it is proposed to consider the following approaches: based on one neural network determining the attack class (first approach) and an ensemble of five neural networks (second approach), which at the first stage determines the attack category (DoS, Probe, U2R , R2L), and in the second stage, the attack class belonging to a certain category. Findings. Based on the neural networks created in the MatLAB program, a study was conducted of their error on the length of the training sample using various training algorithms: Levenberg-Marquardt; Bayesian Regularization; Scaled Conjugate Gradient with different numbers of hidden neurons (minimum, average and maximum). Certain optimal parameters of neural networks with two approaches were determined. Originality. In the course of conducting experiments with various approaches, the results obtained were: TP (True Positive); FP (False Positive); FN (False Negative); TN (True Negative), based on which the following indicators were calculated for assessing the quality of solutions: correct determination of network attacks; false positives; reliability; accuracy and completeness, which prove the feasibility of using an ensemble of neural networks (second approach). Practical value. On the created neural networks with various approaches, studies were conducted: the operating time of neural networks; errors of the first kind; errors of the second kind. According to the results of the first study, the average operating time of an ensemble of neural networks is 0.92 s, and the operating time of a neural network (according to the first approach) is 2.21 s. According to the results of the second study, the error of the first kind using an ensemble of neural networks is 2.17%, and using the neural network (the first approach) – 7.39%. According to the results of the third study, the error of the second kind using an ensemble of neural networks is 3.91%, and using the neural network (the first approach) – 6.96%, which is confirmed by the efficiency of using an ensemble of neural networks (second approach).

Nowadays there are no decicive descriptions of constitutional features and body mass deviations in a narrow group taking into consideration their sex, age, habitation region, and a concrete type of body mass deficit or excess. The present study focuses at comparative assessment of number and frequency of pronounced deficit, deficit, nominally normal body mass, preobesity and obesity in junior schoolchildren and adolescents with lepto-, meso- and hypersomal somatotype. All in all 274 persons took part in the study, 130 of junior schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years (64 boys and 66 girls) as well as 142 adolescents 1417 years old (65 boys and 77 girls). Somatotype was determined in all children with the help of I.I. Salivon and V.A. Melniks method, as well as body mass index was calculated. Comparing the number of children with various deviations of body mass in case of lepto- meso- and hypersomal somatotype was accomplished with the help of precise Fishers criterion for conjugated features tables 3 5. In boys and girls of junior school age with leptosomal (boys 62%, girls 81%) somatotype body mass deficit was predominant, while in adolescents with leptosomal somatotype body mass deficit was found in 37% boys and 15% of girls. Hypersomal boys form obesity and excessive body mass when they enter adolescence. On the other hand 40% girls of junior school age with hypersomal somatotype are already obese and 100% of them preserve obesity till puberty. The results of the study may be useful for specifying individual recommendations for children with metabolic pathology at pre-hospital stage for correction of both excess and deficit of body mass should be made prior to entering puberty.

The paper overviews Russian and foreign studies on renewable energy. In view of some economic and environmental premises, namely depletion of the traditional energy sources and growing costs of their exploitation, a new alley is being paved in scientific literature and global practices for displacing traditional energy resources and providing for a substantial contribution of renewable sources to total energy consumption. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine what role renewable energy will play in the socio-economic security of territories, to identify the potential and possible applications of renewable energy. The main tasks for the study were to: identify the socio-economic implications of the transition from traditional to renewable energy sources, study the foreign experience of implementing renewable energy policies, estimate the potential and evaluate the prospects for renewable energy with the focus on rural northern regions. The potential for renewable energy market growth in Russia was estimated, specifically for the Northwestern macroregion. To provide for socio-economic security, the energy policy being developed must have an environmental and economic orientation. Primary focus in the development of renewable energy sources should be on peripheral regions, which have no electrical grids of their own and are energy deficient.

The calculation indicator of the planning model, which allows you to determine the study period in order to obtain uniform input data. This economic and mathematical model is an object that also uses a system of mathematical tools that maximizes the creation of value, taking into account additional restrictions that take into account various types of innovations, which as a result make it possible to create an innovative portfolio that most closely matches the strategy of the enterprise. , price range and the necessary resource of the innovation plan. An innovative portfolio is expressed in categories of capital prices that provide “normative” returns and investment prices in various directions. The double task shows the risk of forming an optimal portfolio. The type of restrictions allows us to formulate the condition that the income should be greater than the “normative” profitability for long-term projects. Estimates for each financial indicator allow you to compare the totality of indicators, as well as conduct comparisons with planned indications. Using this economic and mathematical model, indicators are predicted that characterize the planning, management and improvement of various aspects of the economic activity of countries. In this case, it is necessary to identify general patterns. The analysis of the financial condition of the company; identified and analyzed sources of financing in a number of years; an assessment of the enterprise circulation fund has been made; the amount of payables and receivables is determined; specific ratio of individual elements.

Distal sensory peripheral neuropathy (HIV-DSP) affects upwards of 50% of people living with HIV. Causing often debilitating symptoms of tingling, numbness and burning, HIV-DSP can result in disability, unemployment and low quality of life. Comorbidities further complicate nursing care, heightening risk of polypharmacy and symptom exacerbation. Therefore, a neurological sensory assessment, combined with the patient's self-report of symptoms, can help nurse practitioners visualize, quantify and understand symptoms. Common pharmacological interventions include antiepileptics, antidepressants, analgesics and medical marijuana. The complexity of care for individuals with HIV-DSP merits a comprehensive approach. Implications for practice include interdisciplinary management with neurologists, podiatrists, mental health providers, and nurse-led counseling inclusive of patient safety teaching.

The aim of the article is to attempt to identify the profound changes taking place in the global and Russian energy sectors. One of the key drivers of the new development paradigm is the active implementation of the Industry 4.0 project elements in the fuel and energy complex, which is comprehensive and relies on digital technologies. The features of the global innovation project “Industry 4.0” and, in particular, the digitalization of the oil and gas sector were studied. The possibility of transition of the Russian energy complex to a new development paradigm is also analyzed, it consists in the implementation of elements of the Industry 4.0 project. The problems of the Russian energy sector on the transition to a new development model, which are associated with the features of its production, market and institutional structures, are identified. The theory of value chains in the fuel and energy complex and its upgrade is separately studied. The main niche in the Russian energy sector is highlighted, in which the development of the Industry 4.0 paradigm is possible. Nore: The paper is an extended version of the article presented at the conference SGEM Vienna Green 2019 Conference (9-11 December, 2019), Austria. Reference citation: https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019V/1.4The title, abstract was changed in the article / The degree of knowledge of the chains added in the fuel and energy complex was also considered — 3- 4 pp.

This paper analyzes the potential of organic agriculture to meet effectively the increasing de- mand for high-quality food, to increase its export potential, and to solve the country’s import substitution problems. The article also reveals the importance of digital economy technologies for increasing the sustainability of organic production. Among the most significant are cloud computing and large databases that contribute to the development of precision farming, continuous online monitoring of the quality of various stages in technological chains, automation and robotization, etc. Following recommendations of the “Organic Agriculture 3.0” conception, the authors examine the appropriate environmental, economic, social, and institutional factors to elaborate complex development strategies for agriculture in Russia and its regions. A special environmental index is proposed to determine environmentally friendly regions that are mostly suitable for organic production. The authors discuss an economic indicator to assess the potential of unused agricultural land for organic farming. The proportion of unemployed working-age population in rural areas serves as a social indicator for the study. By analyzing these selected indicators, four groups of Russian regions with different conditions for developing organic agriculture are identified. With respect to varying potentials of the regions and the external institutional context, the authors qualify different regional competitive strategies and corresponding product niches. The study also provides guidelines for Russian agrarian and environmental policy to support effective development of organic production.

The article discusses the shortcomings in the activities of educational organizations, factors and conditions affecting the quality of the provision of educational services. The authors consider various measures of a mobilization nature that can have an impact on improving the quality of the provision of educational services in educational institutions.

A rationale for the concept and strategy of monitoring of the atmospheric chemical composition and water quality are provided for manned spacecraft to be used for long-term and interplanetary flights. The main risk factors are formulated for a change in atmospheric and water composition during interplanetary space flights. A promising version of the analytical system for operational control of air and water quality in manned spacecraft is described considering these risk factors. Several gas analysis methods are proposed to be used in this system to partially overlap the nomenclature of detected species with respect to particularly important (critical) species. The water quality in the system is monitored by two instruments: one for measuring the total carbon content and the other for analyzing the ionic composition of water.

Based on the vast critical literature of the beginning of the 20th century, this article analyzes the dynamics of Mikhail Kuzmin’s literary reputation from the beginning of his literary activities in the mid-1900s until the 1920s. To analyze the trends in Kuzmin’s literary reputation, two categories were distinguished: literary reputation, which includes the entire perception of the author’s works, and writing strategy, which can be described as a set of the author’s actions aimed at making a certain literary image. In the literary reputation, an area of canon, a term essential for understanding Kuzmin’s works, was singled out; it stands for a system of ratings fixed at the beginning of Kuzmin’s career and transmitted throughout his creative life. This canon included the images of the “ancient Egyptian”, “homosexual”, “recluse”. Kuzmin himself maintained this ambiguous reputation, presenting it in his works and public behavior. Until the mid-1910s, the author’s strategy supported his literary reputation, which allowed Kuzmin to achieve fame in a short time. However, since 1912, Kuzmin gradually abandoned his image because his interests moved towards comprehension of contemporaneity, avant-garde poetics, simpler language and plots inspired by actual events. All Kuzmin’s works of the second half of the 1910s are marked by his desire for simplicity; however, the line of the “canon” was still transmitted in criticism. Kuzmin’s poems on the 1917 revolution (such as “Russkaya Revolutsiya”, “Volynskiy Polk”, etc.) were strongly criticized because they contradicted the canonical model of perception. Parodies and critical articles of 1917 show that Kuzmin’s reputation was in decline by 1917. They also demonstrate that Kuzmin was not able to build a new reputation by this time: he was still perceived as an “ancient Egyptian” and “homosexual”. By 1917, the author’s strategy and the perception of his works completely diverged, which led to a misunderstanding of Kuzmin’s post-revolutionary works and his gradual disintegration from the then contemporary literary process. The study allows considering the literary reputation of Kuzmin as a process of interaction of several forces: the author projects certain public and creative image of himself that the critic supports or does not support. The overlap of Kuzmin’s ambitions and critical perception leads to the creation of an integral image, brings fame and recognition to the writer. On the other hand, the formed image is insensitive to the occurring changes and interferes with the perception and understanding of Kuzmin’s further works.

The article presents the research results of design parameters influence of outer wall of a building erected in 3D technology, namely: wavelength of inner wall diaphragm, displacement of lower wave relative to upper wave of inner wall diaphragm (displacement of wave crest) on the stress state of a wall fragment subject to the constancy of its cross-section area. The set of data for analysis has been obtained on the basis of calculations in the SCAD ++ computer complex. The dependences of relative stresses of wall fragments on the studied factors have been obtained and the interpretation of research results has been given.

New drug targets, markers of disease prognosis, and more efficient treatment options are an unmet clinical need in breast cancer (BC). We have conducted a pilot study including patients with luminal B stage breast cancer IIA–IIIB. The presence and frequency of various populations of cancer stem cells (CSC) and somatic stem cells were assessed in the blood, breast tumor tissue, and normal breast tissue. Our results suggest that patients with BC can be divided into two distinct groups based on the frequency of aldehyde dehydrogenase positive cells (ALDH1+ cells) in the blood (ALDH1hi and ALDH1low). In the ALDH1hi cells group, the tumor is dominated by epithelial tumor cells CD44+CD24low, CD326+CD44+CD24−, and CD326−CD49f+, while in the ALDH1low cells group, CSCs of mesenchymal origin and epithelial tumor cells (CD227+CD44+CD24− and CD44+CD24−CD49f+) are predominant. In vitro CSCs of the ALDH1low cells group expressing CD326 showed high resistance to cytostatics, CD227+ CSCs of the ALDH1hi cells group are sensitive to cytostatics. Epithelial precursors of a healthy mammary gland were revealed in normal breast tissue of patients with BC from both groups. The cells were associated with a positive effect of chemotherapy and remission in BC patients. Thus, dynamic control of their presence in blood and assessment of the sensitivity of CSCs to cytostatics in vitro can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy in BC.

Background The ubiquity of cellular phone (cellphone) use in young people’s daily lives has emerged as a priority area of concern for youth mental health. Objective This study measured the prevalence of depression and its association with high cellphone use among youth in Soweto and Durban, South Africa. Methods We analysed cross-sectional, baseline survey data among youth aged 16–24 who participated in a dual-site cohort study, ‘AYAZAZI’, conducted from 2014 to 2017. The primary outcome was depression using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with a score of ≥ 10 indicating probable depression. Cellphone use was measured via self-reported average number of hours of active use, with ‘high cellphone use’ defined as daily usage of ≥ 8. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the independent relationship between high cellphone use and probable depression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Of 425 participants with a median age of 19 years (IQR = 18–21), 59.5% were young women. Overall, 43.3% had probable depression, with a higher prevalence among women (49.0% vs. 34.9%, P = .004). Nearly all (94.6%) owned a cellphone. About one-third (29.5%) reported spending ≥ 8 hours per day using their cellphone (39.3% of women vs. 14.9% of men, P

At present, there are no effective methods and models of enterprise management, which are relations of an economic entity, which implies a relationship in the provision and consumption of goods and services. Application of an innovative approach makes it possible to obtain specific results of enterprises, such as the offer of goods and services of high quality, competitive advantages, allowing more flexible response to changes in the internal and external environment. Important in the context of managing the development of the regional services market are the definition and analysis of the investment attractiveness of the service industry. The higher it is, the greater the likelihood of an influx of financial resources into the economy of the industry. The main aspects of state influence on the services market are considered. Scientific and technological progress and immediate information exchange, increased interest in the service sector, which is developing in the post-industrial world as an alternative to the sphere of material production, as one of the most important forms of stabilizing social relations, contribute to solving problems associated with limited resources. Market regulators do not create conditions conducive to the development of the service sector. Therefore, a model is proposed that allows regulating the relations of an enterprise on the basis of an innovative enterprise management strategy, expanding the possibilities and ways to improve the management efficiency of both the services market and the economic sector as a whole. An assessment of the competitiveness of the services market is given, the economic potential of the regional services market is determined, an algorithm for developing a management strategy is presented, a model for the development of a regional services market is proposed.