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Current economy is driven by innovation and knowledge. Sharing economy is a new perspective on economics that impulses a new economy based on trust. In this article, the key components of global education business, based on the analysis of different types of business cases such as edX, Coursera, Udacity, Udemy, and Codecademy are established. For this research we carried out a systematic literature review based on different cases to highlight some of the main advantages of the models of global education services based on sharing economy, as a result, we found out that the main components of the learning platform business model in sharing economy are related to the online cash concept, shared resources, shared knowledge access, networking collaboration, analysis based on big data, joint consumption, rather than ownership while the government loses monopolies of knowledge. Our claim is that global education will be supported by a collaborative consumption model based on the online cash concept, shared resources, and shared knowledge access.

In the aftermath of armed conflicts, societal expressions unfold through diverse communication channels, with Twitter. Individuals share these expressions, aiming for broader societal consumption, fostering interaction across impacted entities—individuals, businesses, organizations, and governments. This analytical endeavor aims to analyze interaction patterns responding to sociocultural factors and sentimentally charged content on Twitter in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. This research employed a sequential mixed approach to examine social factors in user publications on Twitter and assess their impact on interactions, considering sentimental polarity. The qualitative phase involved netnographic exploration of a total of 2578 tweets, collected from users World Trade Organization since February 24, 2022, until March 31, 2022. The subsequent quantitative phase analyzed the relationship between social factors, sentimental polarity, and user interactions through decision tree analysis. The results show that notably, the categories MET-Mention (35.82%) and MSG-Message (35.82%) emerged as the most frequent Two interactions were the most common (52.5%). The primary theme discussed in the messages was Information with 52.99% of the twits. Negative polarity emerged as the factor triggering more engagement, resulting in higher interaction levels. The majority of interactions (52.5%) were characterized by two interactions. In conclusion, the dominance of the information category underscores the pivotal role of social media in disseminating information during global events. Furthermore, negative sentiment, is associated with conflict-related concerns, correlated with higher interaction levels.

Given the increasing competition and the impact of digital media in the automobile industry, dealerships need to understand the antecedents of customer happiness and brand love. The goals of the study are to analyse the combined influence of the cognitive and affective drivers of brand love for high-involvement products and its effects on behavioural intentions, paying special attention to the moderating role of susceptibility to information posted on social media. Using a sample of 317 Jordanian car buyers, a structural model is tested that confirms that the sales consultant’s empathy is a strong predictor of customer happiness during a car purchase and a stronger predictor of his/her trust in the car dealership. Happiness and trust translate into greater brand love, which in turn can generate resistance towards negative information posted on social media; positive electronic word-of-mouth; and willingness to pay more. Happiness fully mediated the relationship between empathy and car brand love. The effect of the impact of the perceived empathy of salespeople on customer happiness was stronger for consumers with low susceptibility to information posted on social media. This work expands the academic knowledge of the direct mediating and moderating effects of brand love.

Hispanics in the United States tend to have lower household income, education, and health insurance coverage when compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Despite these economic disadvantages, paradoxically, Hispanics have displayed an [...]

Purpose: With the decline of some well-established firms, the diminishing competitive power of many companies in an increasingly globalized market and the need for organizational renewal and transformation, interest in organizational learning has grown. Senior managers in many organizations are convinced of the importance of improving learning in their organizations. Therefore, it is necessary not only to clarify the concept of organizational learning, but also to establish the relationship between it and business performance. This paper aims to explore this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The degree to which organizational learning influences business performance is investigated for 195 Spanish firms with more than 200 employees using the statistical technique of structural equation modeling. Findings: The results provide support for the view that organizational learning contributes positively both to innovation and competitiveness and to economic/financial results. Furthermore, the results show a positive relationship between innovation and competitiveness and economic/financial results. Originality/value: Clarifies the concept of organizational learning and establishes the relationship between it and business performance.

Purpose: this study aims to examine the existing cost management system within company in the clothing industry. Methodology: through a qualitative and descriptive study, we applied the developing and effective managerial costing model by Lawson et al. (2019). Results: The results reveal the significance of cost management systems and excellent customer service in small businesses to achieve a greater negotiating capacity with customers. Implications: This article contributes with a solid foundation for the diagnosis of a cost management system. Originality: this work offers a comprehensive conceptual framework and practical tools that facilitate professionals to advance in the assessment of cost management systems, thereby influencing decision-making and business performance.

The advent of COVID-19 triggered widespread disruptions globally, adversely affecting businesses and resulting in financial challenges and a decline in overall performance. This unparalleled public health emergency has resulted in significant disturbances within the sustainable supply chain and posed a risk to human survival. In view of these considerations, this investigation aims to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on Sustainable Supply Chain Performance (SSCP) along with its influence on leadership capability (LC), knowledge sharing capability (KSC), strategic management capability (SMC), and moderating organizational commitment (OC) in Pakistan. To examine the proposed hypotheses, data were collected from Pakistani enterprises actively involved in the supply chain and supply chain departments of manufacturing firms. Subsequently, comprehensive analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling to derive meaningful insights. According to the empirical outcomes, the pandemic had a negative influence on SSCP in Pakistan, but LC, KSC, and SMC helped mitigate these disruptions. In addition, LC, KSC, and SMC successfully mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and SSCP, moderating the role of OC. This study contributes significantly to the literature by incorporating resource-based view (RBV), dynamic capability view (DCV), and knowledge-based view (KBV) theories to analyze and understand LC, KSC, and SMC. Moreover, to mitigate the interruptions resulting from pandemic in Supply Chain (SC) operations and enhance profitability amidst such unprecedented circumstances, the model explained in this study can be a valuable tool for SC and logistics management specialists.

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive review of the intellectual structure and current dynamics of onboarding and socialization research. Using the Web of Science (WoS) database, we found 452 research articles that met the inclusion criteria. Biblioshiny R-package and VOSviewer were used for the bibliometric analysis. We lay out the most prolific authors, journals, institutions and articles in this rapidly growing field. We find that current research is scattered all over different topics and disciplines. We identify five research fronts that authors have pursued in the last 5 years. Researchers have focused on: psychological contracts; the role of networks and relationship building; the changing work contexts in which organizational socialization takes place; the effects of newcomer proactivity and interactions with supervisors; onboarding in distinct areas like software engineering. Promising research avenues in this field can be distinguished in: different groups of newcomers; examining interactive effects between newcomers and socialization agents; and analyzing the evolving area of digital and virtual onboarding and organizational socialization.

La sostenibilidad empresarial es un concepto que recientemente ha cobrado importancia, más aún con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y sus metas específicas. El propósito de esta investigación es analizar la gestión global como indicador de la dimensión económica de la sostenibilidad empresarial de las microempresas del sector comercio. La metodología utilizada incluye un diseño no experimental, de corte transeccional descriptivo, mediante el método deductivo y el uso de un instrumento de 20 preguntas iniciales para medir los cinco indicadores de la gestión global. Los resultados muestran una serie de hallazgos sobre el nivel de ejecución de las prácticas administrativas de la gestión global, la equidad de género y el nivel de estudio de los administradores. Abstract Business sustainability is a concept that has recently gained importance, even more so with the Sustainable Development Goals and their specific targets. The purpose of this research is to analyze global management as an indicator of the economic dimension of business sustainability of microenterprises in the trade sector. The methodology used includes a non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design, using the deductive method and the use of an instrument of 20 initial questions to measure the five indicators of global management. The results show a series of findings on the level of execution of the administrative practices of global management, gender equity and the level of education of the administrators.

En los últimos años, el ecoturismo y la sostenibilidad se han convertido en temas de gran relevancia a nivel global debido a la creciente preocupación por la conservación del medio ambiente y el desarrollo sostenible. La implementación efectiva de políticas de gestión de sostenibilidad en el ecoturismo no solo tiene un impacto significativo en la preservación de estos recursos, sino que también contribuye al bienestar de las comunidades locales y al desarrollo económico de la región. Si los recursos se desarrollan sin aplicar los principios de sostenibilidad, se corre el riesgo de reducir la calidad de la oferta del destino turístico, y más aún, de destruir las posibilidades de desarrollar este sector que puede contribuir decisivamente al desarrollo del país. Dentro de este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal describir la satisfacción de los actores involucrados con respecto a las políticas y regulaciones relacionadas con el ecoturismo y la sostenibilidad en Ayacucho, Perú. Se propone una metodología basada en un enfoque descriptivo respaldado por un diseño no experimental, con énfasis en la investigación de campo de naturaleza descriptiva y un enfoque cuantitativo. El instrumento para la recolección de la información fue una encuesta con escala de Lickert, aplicada a turistas, activistas locales, empresas turísticas y autoridades gubernamentales. La consistencia en las respuestas positivas de los activistas locales sugiere que las iniciativas locales para la conservación y el desarrollo sostenible son generalmente bien recibidas. Las respuestas de turistas, empresas turísticas y autoridades gubernamentales indican áreas de mejora y oportunidades para ajustar estrategias y políticas que impulsen una experiencia de ecoturismo más satisfactoria y sostenible en Ayacucho.

This paper sheds light on the negative pricing of the May 2020 WTI futures contract (CLK20) on April 20, 2020. The super contango of early 2020, triggered by COVID-19 lockdowns and geopolitical tensions, incentivized cash and carry (C&C) traders to be long CLK20 and short distant contracts, while simultaneously booking storage at Cushing. Our investigation reveals that C&C arbitrage largely contributed to the lack of storage capacity at Cushing in April 2020 and the price crash relates to the reversing trades of many long CLK20 traders without pre-booked storage. Additional aggravating factors included a liquidity crush, staggering margin calls and potential price distortions due to the trade-at-settlement mechanism. The analysis suggests that claims from experts that hold index trackers responsible for the crash are unwarranted: Index trackers did not trigger the negative pricing, nor widen the futures-spot spread by rolling their positions to more distant contracts ahead of maturity. Keywords: WTI crude oil futures contract, Negative price, Contango, Cash and carry, Index trackers, Disinformation, 1. INTRODUCTION This article attempts to shed light on the anomalous pricing of the May 2020 NYMEX West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures contract, denoted as CLK20. The price [...]

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar se o curso de Automação de Escritórios e Secretariado (AES) da FATEC São Paulo atende às necessidades encontradas pelos graduados no mercado de trabalho. Por meio de pesquisa quantitativa descritiva buscou-se verificar se as áreas de conhecimento existentes no curso AES abrangem o ensino e formação das competências que são requiridas aos profissionais de Secretariado, e se os graduados alcançam uma boa carreira profissional. Evidenciou-se que o curso é renomado no mercado, e os graduados alcançam uma taxa significativa de sucesso profissional, porém ao serem identificadas lacunas no curso AES, em um segundo momento foi estudado se o novo curso de Secretariado e Assessoria Internacional, vigente a partir de 2022, como substituto do AES, será capaz de preencher tais lacunas. Foi identificado que certamente o novo curso atenderá melhor as necessidades dos futuros graduandos. Diante da velocidade de renovação intelectual e tecnológica que o mercado de trabalho se encontra é sugerido a renovação do curso com menores intervalos de tempo, a fim de se manter acompanhando o mercado.

Purpose – This study investigates the relationship between leaders' ethical behaviors and internal whistleblowing among hotel employees through the mediation role of organizational virtuousness. According to the conceptual framework, ethical leadership creates a virtuous workplace and encourages whistleblowing. Design/methodology/approach – A survey approach with responses of 442 employees from Egyptian five-star hotels was used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses proposed based on leader–member exchange (LMX) and ethical leadership theories. Findings – Ethical leadership has a favorable impact on organizational virtuousness and, as a result, has a significant impact on whistleblowing intention. The ethical leaders–subordinates' intents to whistleblow association partially mediated organizational virtuousness. To assist them in reporting ethics violations, most hotel employees require organizational characteristics, such as organizational climate and psychological empowerment, in addition to individual characteristics, such as moral bravery and ethical efficacy. Originality/value – The conceptual framework of this paper adds a new guide for future research related to the hospitality literature, which is how employees' intent to internal whistleblowing. As such, senior management should serve as a moral role model for hotel employees, inspiring them to be moral and allowing them to participate in decision-making. 研究目的 – 本研究擬透過組織德行所扮演的仲介角色，去探討領導者的道德行為與酒店員工間內部舉報的相互關係。根據有關的概念框架，領導倫理會為機構創造一個富有道德的工作場所，以及鼓勵員工互相舉報不當的行為。 研究設計/方法/理念 – 研究採用調查方法進行，數據來自442名於埃及五星級酒店工作的僱員的回覆。研究人員以結構方程模型來測試研究的假設 － 研究的假設乃根據領導者－成員交換理論和倫理型領導理論而提出的。 研究結果 – 領導倫理會給組織美德帶來積極的影響，因此，領導倫理也會給舉報動機帶來重要的影響。領袖－下屬舉報合夥人合乎道德的動機，對組織美德起著仲介作用。若要酒店僱員舉報違反道德規範的行為，除了僱員須有個人特質、如道德勇氣和倫理效能等之外，酒店亦須具備一些組織特徵、如組織氛圍和心理賦權等。 研究的原創性/價值 – 本研究的概念框架，給探討僱員作內部舉報行為的動機的學者提供新的指引，為餐旅業的研究提供方向。組織的高級管理人員應以身作則，為僱員建立道德典範，鼓勵他們遵循道德規範而行事，並容許他們參與決策。

This research focused on analyzing the relationship between information technology (IT) competence and the innovation capacity of Mozambican organizations. The electronic questionnaire contains questions related to IT competence and innovation capacity as the primary constructs of the research model. The return was 136 valid responses, and for data analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling was used with the SmartPls-3.3.2® software. The results reveal a significant impact of IT competence on innovation capacity in Mozambican organizations. When a Mozambican organization is IT competent, it can promptly detect the signals in the market in which it operates and answer the market requirements. In answering market demands, the organizations are innovating in services, products, processes, strategies, behavior, and innovation in the market itself. As for the dimensions of IT competence previously theoretically evaluated, the results confirmed empirically that this reflects the IT infrastructure capacity, IT business spanning capability, IT proactive posture, IT flexibility, and IT integration. For Mozambican organizations interested in being more competitive in the market, a high investment in IT on its various dimensions is necessary to be agile and innovative. It is not enough to have IT resources stored in the organization; they must be usual at all levels.

AbstractResearch on consumer food value preferences has typically focused on consumers in the developed economy, with knowledge regarding food value preferences in emerging food markets being a grey spot. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature. Accordingly, the possible existence of consumer clusters in Kenya based on their appreciation of food values is analyzed. The differences in the appreciation of food values were studied considering the socio-demographic traits of 500 random consumers, for which a standardized questionnaire was used. In the empirical analysis, Spearman’s correlation test, two-step cluster analyses and logistic regressions were calculated. The results reveal variations in food value preferences between segments determined by economic and socio-environmental factors. Nutrition was the most preferred value, while environmental impact was the least preferred.

Despite the threats and challenges confronting many economies, the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry in the Philippines has grown 10% per year in the last decade, ensuring the country's economic stability. Quezon City is the Philippines' ICT capital and has the most BPO workers in the National Capital Region, comprising 135 BPO establishments and 75 tax-paying BPO firms. The city was awarded the most significant office development in 2019. This study fills a knowledge gap by evaluating the BPO industry's contribution to the Quezon City's local government to improve future efforts for the growth of the BPO industry in the city and its socioeconomic status. The case study method of qualitative research was used in the methodology. The essential data was gathered from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA), the City Government of Quezon City, and in-depth interviews with focal persons from government bodies and the BPO industry. Despite COVID-19, the Quezon City BPO industry remained resilient and flourished from 2019 to 2021. The local partnership program between the private and public sectors aided in the continuous operation of the BPO industry, job retention, and revenue generation. The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry has generated significant revenue for the betterment of the local government unit of Quezon City and the country, Philippines.

El emprendimiento juvenil en Colombia, se ha visto permeado por la crisis socioeconómica por la que atraviesa el país. Esto, teniendo en cuenta que la precariedad laboral va en aumento y las garantías en el trabajo que actualmente tienen los jóvenes se ven reducidas en los diferentes ámbitos, lo que lleva al interés por realizar un balance en materia de emprendimiento y reconocer las tendencias de producción académica y los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes al querer emprender bajo el complejo contexto social, político y económico del país. Para ello, se realizó un estudio documental de carácter descriptivo, a fin de identificar los aspectos que han sido abordados en las diferentes publicaciones frente al emprendimiento juvenil de cara a la realidad social del tema en Colombia, lo que llevó a concluir que existen diferentes factores que posibilitan el emprendimiento en el país, cuyas tendencias se orientan en el desarrollo del perfil del emprendedor que principalmente se orienta a la creatividad, la innovación, la autonomía, el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades y el asumir riesgos, las motivaciones encaminadas en muchos casos a tener su propio negocio, satisfacer sus necesidades, contrarrestar la falta de oportunidades, adquirir habilidades, capacidades y destrezas, entre otras como el desarrollar iniciativas innovadoras. Sin embargo, se presentan obstáculos que impiden en muchos casos que los emprendimientos permanezcan en el mercado, determinando entonces, que los principales desafíos a considerar se enmarcan en la capacitación, formación y desarrollo de elementos claves en el proceso y que deben ser propiciados principalmente por el Estado y las instituciones educativas.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the influence of moral disengagement, perceived penalty, negative experiences and turnover intention on the intention to violate the established security rules. Design/methodology/approach – The method used involves two stages of analysis, using techniques of structural equation modeling and artificial intelligence with neural networks, based on information collected from 318 workers of organizational information systems. Findings – The model provides a reasonable prediction regarding the intention to violate information security policies (ISP). The results revealed that the relationships of moral disengagement and perceived penalty significantly influence such an intention. Research limitations/implications – This research presents a multi-analytical approach that expands the robustness of the results by the complementarity of each analysis technique. In addition, it offers scientific evidence of the factors that reinforce the cognitive processes that involve workers’ decision-making in security breaches. Practical implications – The practical recommendation is to improve organizational communication to mitigate information security vulnerabilities in several ways, namely, training actions that simulate daily work routines; exposing the consequences of policy violations; disseminating internal newsletters with examples of inappropriate behavior. Social implications – Results indicate that information security does not depend on the employees’ commitment to the organization; system vulnerabilities can be explored even by employees committed to the companies. Originality/value – The study expands the knowledge about the individual factors that make information security in companies vulnerable, one of the few in the literature which aims to offer an in-depth perspective on which individual antecedent factors affect the violation of ISP.

Nowadays, 60% of humanity is digitally connected, implying the generation of data and content. In this sense, the objective of this article is to discuss the relationship between the concepts of Human Digital Assets and Psycho-digital Risks. The former comprises digital information linked to a person, and the latter is conceived as the potential danger arising from the interaction of people and organizations due to interaction with networked technologies without sufficient knowledge. Through a qualitative methodological approach and a documental research design, both concepts are addressed, in order to provide their identification, evaluation, and integration in the management of human digitization processes. This paper does not intend to formulate a methodology for its quantification, but rather to motivate and raise awareness of the need to rethink digital literacy in various interest groups. The conclusions allow reflecting on considering the basic aspects of both concepts, their relationship, and recommendations to be incorporated in organizations in order to minimize the risks generated in the digital space that affect our physical life.

Purpose: Circular economy (CE) principles have evolved in response to natural resource depletion as a set of guidelines for eliminating the linear take-use-dispose model of product consumption. The consequences of shifting from a linear to a circular supply chain are difficult to visualize in the long term. This study aims to design a methodology for building a simulation model to implement CE strategies in any small and medium-sized enterprise SME to prove policies before implementing them in the real world. This paper applied the methodology in a biological cycle case study: a confectionery factory in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: This study evaluated service-dominant logic, ecosystem services, system dynamics, and agent-based modeling to design the proposed methodology. A series of interviews with stakeholders were performed to assess the simulation model during the development phase. The circular economy indicator prototype (CEIP) was used as a circular maturity measure of the confectionery factory. The simulator was executed in Netlogo software, implementing a four-scenario analysis based on two CE policies for the caramel recycling process. Five state variables were proposed in this analysis: confectionery waste, recycled glucose, recycling utilization, costs of recycled glucose, and profit. Findings: The CEIP score of the confectionery factory was 52%, rated as a “good” product. Regarding scenario analysis, the first scenario had the highest profit improvement. Practical implications: The simulator allowed stakeholders to understand the operation of the recycling process and visualize all variables involved in the system. Originality/value: In the CE literature, little attention has been paid to proposing a methodology for designing a simulation model to implement CE strategies in any industry. Thus, this study implements a nine-step methodology based on services context and dynamic simulation tools to design a platform to evaluate and visualize the consequences of CE strategies implementation in the long term.

Natural Gas (NG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are considered as modern fuels particularly in the urban and rural areas in developing countries. In Colombia, approximately 6.5 million people, around 13% of the population in Colombia use traditional solid fuels for cooking. Using the Colombia Living Standard Survey (CLSS) data for 2010 to 2016 in this study is investigated the mainly socioeconomic factors that influence the choice of cooking fuel in households. A Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) model is used for empirical analysis. Results reveal several important socioeconomic variables that determine the use of fuels such as type of household, education level and household income. Moreover, results allow to show the successful implementation of the Colombian substitution energy policy, from solid to cleaner fuels such as LPG and NG along national territory. Additionally, we provide several maps to show the evolution of cooking fuel usage in rural and urban areas of Colombia from 2010 to 2016. Keywords: Choice of cooking fuel, Energy access and Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR)., 1. INTRODUCTION Governmental and non-governmental organizations worldwide, such as United Nations (UN), International Energy Agency (IEA) and Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean (ECLAC), have declared universal energy [...]

Objetivo: Elaborar un procedimiento para la gestión de la evaluación del desempeño de los profesores en la Universidad de Pinar del Rio, buscando una mayor correspondencia entre los resultados de las evaluaciones anuales y el cumplimiento de objetivos, indicadores y metas de la institución. Métodos: Para el desarrollo de la investigación se emplearon el método histórico - lógico, el de modelación así como el de medición, los que se aplicaron con ayuda de las técnicas de análisis documental, encuesta y entrevista y los procedimientos de análisis y síntesis e inducción y deducción, para el procesamiento y análisis de la información tanto bibliográfica como empírica. Resultados: Como resultado del diagnóstico empírico se identificaron en la Universidad de Pinar del Río un grupo de problemas entre los que se encuentran: que existe poca participación de los actores que deben involucrarse en el proceso, resulta una tarea tediosa para los evaluadores, se incumple el tiempo establecido, las evaluaciones no se corresponden con las categorías. Sobre esta base y la bibliografía consultada, se elaboró un procedimiento para efectuar la evaluación del desempeño anual de los profesores, fundamentando de forma científica sus cuatro fases, 10 etapas y 19 pasos donde se combina la autoevaluación, la hetero-evaluación y la co-evaluación. Conclusiones: Aunque existen numerosos procedimientos para la evaluación del desempeño de los profesores universitarios, no existe un consenso en la forma de evaluarlos, ni una única forma para hacerlo, por lo que cada universidad debe gestionar este proceso a través de procedimientos que posibiliten el desarrollo adecuado del mismo teniendo en cuenta sus características como organización y los objetivos trazados para el periodo

This research aims to expand the explanations about the debate on academic entrepreneurship and other knowledge transfer mechanisms, to respond to what extent entrepreneurial intention affects the diffusion and dissemination of knowledge in a Mexican university. The lack of indicators of commercial activity, leads us to propose the analysis of a pre-commercial stage of technology that we call entrepreneurial intention. After the literature review, we present a database of academic inventors in patents granted to the university, identifying patenting with an entrepreneurial intention, following Lomas (1993) knowledge transfer taxonomy. Data about publications and received citations by academic inventors is also considered for knowledge diffusion; as well as the supervision of end-of-degree projects in undergraduate and graduate studies; before and after the patent was granted, for knowledge dissemination. Using a binomial model, we estimated two data sets, one for the period 1984-2000 and the second for 2001-2020. Our findings reveal, an average increase of 60% in the number of patents obtained. We also found that the characteristics of the research group are significant in both models, but in the 2001-2020 period it is more important to integrate foreign inventors than patenting with firms, the dissemination of knowledge is more significant and has greater importance in the model. To respond to what extent entrepreneurial intention affects the diffusion and dissemination of knowledge, greater attention should be paid to the diffusion of knowledge since in both models the variable that represents publications after patenting is not significant. The explanation about the dissemination of knowledge improves substantially from one period to another.

Esta nota metodológica propone un documento de referencia para el registro de proyectos desarrollados en las instituciones de educación superior (IES), en el que de forma breve se define un problema, se realiza una síntesis de la evidencia, se identifican posibles líneas de actuación y se proponen recomendaciones. El objetivo principal es describir la metodología para la valoración y el registro de la producción intelectual de estudiantes de IESen diez etapas: 1) fortalecimiento del conocimiento sobre registro de propiedad intelectual en los contenidos curriculares; 2) desarrollo de proyectos de emprendimiento o investigación en los ambientes de formación; 3) implementación de base de datos para registro de proyectos e innovaciones; 4) registro oficial de los proyectos en la base de datos; 5) revisión y evaluación de proyectos por parte de los expertos en propiedad intelectual de la institución; 6) recomendaciones para los proyectos que requieran ajustes; 7) consideración de alternativas en las categorías de registro de propiedad intelectual de los proyectos aprobados; 8) registro de propiedad intelectual en las instituciones responsables (Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, Dirección Nacional de Derechos de Autor); 9) implementación de los proyectos que lo ameriten; 10) divulgación de los proyectos en las diferentes instituciones educativas. Por último, se presenta el proceso de registro de la propiedad intelectual como material de indagación para la gestión de cualquier tipo de proyectos.

The concept of energy access in developing countries, such as Mexico, encompasses the accessibility to reliable fuels for heating, cooking, and lighting purposes while reducing coal and firewood consumption. This paper suggests residential energy access indicators by applying accessibility theory and estimating demand equations for electricity, natural gas, propane, firewood, and coal using Mexican households’ survey data from 2008 to 2014. Sprawl measures, gravity model, and central place theory are the accessibility theories supporting the accessibility indicators. The suggested energy access indicators are statistically significant and show the expected signs when applied to propane in Mexican households in 2014. The greater the household income, population size, education level of the household head, energy access, and the lower the energy price and the household size, the greater the demand for energy from 2008 to 2014. By contrast, the greater the education, the lower the demand for firewood and coal. Policy-makers in Mexico can use the suggested results to complement the energy access indicators suggested by international agencies to evaluate energy access performance and better understand the drivers of the different energy goods consumed by Mexican households.

To support the development of a society that is attuned to the challenges presented by sustainable development, it is vital that higher education business students understand the value of sustainability, and act in a way that is consistent with these values. This paper explores a sustainability-focused experiential learning activity through investigating the utility of an emerging form of service learning in the digital space for developing global citizens. The paper presents an international case study of educators who employed digital service learning in various business education contexts. The research reports on the perceptions of higher education students in relation to their awareness, critical thinking and action for sustainability. The paper has practical contributions in identifying an opportunity for implementing sustainability curriculum into higher education for business.

This paper examines whether the Internet is a determining factor in explaining economic growth and convergence across countries when it acts as a channel of information and knowledge diffusion. Literature has identified around 140 possible growth factors, therefore given the contradictory results obtained from previous empirical studies it is crucial we understand the actual role of the Internet. Using the conditional convergence theory and a Bayesian panel data model averaging method from a sample of 100 countries between 1994 and 2017, our results demonstrate that an increase in access to the Internet is a non-determinant factor in economic convergence, being its probability of inclusion in the true growth model conditioned by the regressors included in the estimates and the time span analysed. First published online 25 November 2021

Este trabajo es una contribución al estudio de las relaciones de equilibrio entre la ocupación informal, el salario mínimo, el desempleo urbano, el empleo en los sectores de manufactura, comercio y servicios y el crecimiento económico. Con el objetivo de establecer la repercusión de estas variables en la variabilidad de la ocupación informal, a través de un modelo vectorial de corrección de errores se comprueba la existencia de relaciones de equilibrio de largo plazo entre las variables mencionadas. Con los resultados de impulso-respuesta y de descomposición de varianza, se muestra cómo estas responden, recíprocamente, ante choques estocásticos que puedan registrar. Los resultados econométricos se relacionan con importantes aspectos históricos estructurales del desarrollo de la economía colombiana, evidenciando implicaciones básicas para la formulación de políticas que buscan disminuir la economía informal y la ocupación generada en ella.