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Metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, in the Sonoran Desert, provides an excellent opportunity to understand residents’ preferences for desert-adapted xeric landscaping. While much is known about the relationships between sociodemographics and broad environmental values on xeric landscaping choices, the influence of other variables remains unexplored, especially interactions with and attachments to the desert. We therefore examined the influences of recreational visits to local desert mountain parks and symbolic meanings associated with the native desert on household xeric landscaping preferences. Within a larger study, select questions captured socio-demographics, visitation to desert parks and open spaces, place identity, and xeric landscape preferences. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, we confirmed that homeownership and a shorter residency predicted preference for xeric landscapes. Hispanics were less likely to prefer xeric landscaping. Interestingly, the novel factor of identity with the desert significantly and positively predicted xeric landscaping preference while visitation to desert parks and open spaces did not. Findings provide several important management implications. First, Phoenix has an opportunity to foster connections with the surrounding environment through its extensive desert mountain parks. Increasing connections between residents and the parks may help shift personal preferences to xeric yard types. Park managers might also work to further stress how household decisions can affect the desert environment. Second, park visitation alone may not suffice to create connections with the desert environment. Instead, park managers should focus on creating opportunities for visitors to recognize the unique, living aspects of the parks and build personal relationships with the ecosystem. Interpretation encouraging emotional connections to the desert environment may aid in fostering an identity with the desert. In addition, messaging and signage campaigns that link people to the parks may prove a novel way of combatting lawn water usage within desert cities. Given their opportunities to foster place identity, urban parks may be important influencers in promoting native plant landscaping. In conclusion, connecting people to their surrounding environments can influence preferences for similar landscape types at the household level.

A lost navigator must identify its current location and recover its facing direction to restore its bearings. We tested the idea that these two tasks--place recognition and heading retrieval--might be mediated by distinct cognitive systems in mice. Previous work has shown that numerous species, including young children and rodents, use the geometric shape of local space to regain their sense of direction after disorientation, often ignoring nongeometric cues even when they are informative. Notably, these experiments have almost always been performed in single-chamber environments in which there is no ambiguity about place identity. We examined the navigational behavior of mice in a two-chamber paradigm in which animals had to both recognize the chamber in which they were located (place recognition) and recover their facing direction within that chamber (heading retrieval). In two experiments, we found that mice used nongeometric features for place recognition, but simultaneously failed to use these same features for heading retrieval, instead relying exclusively on spatial geometry. These results suggest the existence of separate systems for place recognition and heading retrieval in mice that are differentially sensitive to geometric and nongeometric cues. We speculate that a similar cognitive architecture may underlie human navigational behavior.

An examination of the layers of business place identities resulting from the creation of a road tourism route: an exploration of the Wild Atlantic Way Proposal and originality (500 characters) This paper is focussed on the Wild Atlantic Way (WAW) in Ireland and explores the concept of entrepreneurial place identity in terms of tourism routes. Place identity has been shown to be important for tourism entrepreneurs as it affects their self- efficacy (Haller, Assaker and Lee, 2013) and their strategies (Mottiar, 2016). This paper seeks to explore how tourism businesses have altered their identity as a result of the WAW. In particular have they incorporated the WAW proposition into their own marketing? Is there a hierarchy of place identities that these businesses display? Methodology (250 characters) The results presented here will be the first phase of this project and are based on netnographic research of tourism business websites and their social media channels. Using a structured framework, place identities are examined and compared via visual and textual analysis.

Purpose Drawing on the discursive properties of placemaking theory, this paper discusses the development of film tourism in Crete from the release of the award-winning Zorba the Greek (dir. Michael Cacoyannis, ZG) to date. The approach is “genealogical,” seeking to explain how ZG-inspired tourism on Crete ended up being more than about the film itself owing to historical contingency.

On November 14, 2016 an earthquake struck the rural districts of Kaikōura and Hurunui on New Zealand's South Island. The region—characterized by small dispersed communities, a local economy based on tourism and agriculture, and limited transportation connections—was severely impacted. Following the quake, road and rail networks essential to maintaining steady flows of goods, visitors, and services were extensively damaged, leaving agrifood producers with significant logistical challenges, resulting in reduced productivity and problematic market access. Regional tourism destinations also suffered with changes to the number, characteristics, and travel patterns of visitors. As the region recovers, there is renewed interest in the development and promotion of agrifood tourism and trails as a pathway for enhancing rural resilience, and a growing awareness of the importance of local networks. Drawing on empirical evidence and insights from a range of affected stakeholders, including food producers, tourism operators, and local government, we explore the significance of emerging agrifood tourism initiatives for fostering diversity, enhancing connectivity, and building resilience in the context of rural recovery. We highlight the motivation to diversify distribution channels for agrifood producers, and strengthen the region's tourism place identity. Enhancing product offerings and establishing better links between different destinations within the region are seen as essential. While such trends are common in rural regions globally, we suggest that stakeholders' shared experience with the earthquake and its aftermath has opened up new opportunities for regeneration and reimagination, and has influenced current agrifood tourism trajectories. In particular, additional funding for tourism recovery marketing and product development after the earthquake, and an emphasis on greater connectivity between the residents and communities through strengthening rural networks and building social capital within and between regions, is enabling more resilient and sustainable futures.

Amid the global dilemma of youth unemployment, youth entrepreneurship has had an important impact on social, cultural and economic progress, and various countries have actively promoted relevant frameworks and strategies. Taiwan has many cultural assets whose original functions are no longer preserved. Fortunately, the public sector has thought a variety of redevelopment strategies to promote sustainable development, and new functions and usage patterns for these sites have emerged. However, there is a lack of research investigating the links between youth entrepreneurship, community participation and place attachment in local-development projects: a gap that this paper intends to fill. Against the backdrop of one such project, this study discusses the interrelationships of youth entrepreneurship, community participation, place dependence and place identity. Its results indicate that the different personal backgrounds of young entrepreneurs had little or no bearing on the extent of their community participation, place dependence or place identity. However, such community participation had a moderately positive correlation with place dependence and place identity, leading the authors to conclude that the participation of a community of young entrepreneurs brings new opportunities for local development that transcend the mere reduction of youth unemployment. That is, in addition to maintaining and preserving historic spaces, it boosts both sustainable development and diversity in the broader local community. They also calls for future research to assess whether community participation influences place attachment in other parts of the world.

Landmark, as part of heritage tourism distinctiveness, has a critical role in enhancing the city identity to make it more attractive and more identified. Sumatera Island has heritage tourism with similar culture and history that can found in Medan, Bukittinggi, and Siak. This research was conducted to determine the comparison of the landmark on the similar heritage tourism in Sumatera. The third essential element of the landmark, i.e., iconic, contrast, and accessibility, was investigated using the mixed-method. This study shows that the monumental buildings and historical story formed as the landmark in those three historic tourist cities. Keywords: Heritage tourism; place identity; distinctiveness; landmark eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2491.

Although slow cities offer critical forms of sustainable tourism on a global scale, little empirical research has investigated how the performance of pro-sustainable Cittaslow destinations is benef...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine users’ satisfaction and attachment to beaches along the Atlantic Ocean in Lagos, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This study follows a quantitative research approach. For convenience, data were collected through a systematic random sampling technique, from 682 users in 10 of the 27 beaches in the study area. Findings The study revealed that users were overwhelmed by the natural beauty of the beach, the sand that makes sauntering and opportunities to network with other users. The overall results reveal a strong association of users’ reliance (place dependence) and identification with the beaches (place identity). As such, users’ satisfaction, identity with and dependence on the beach environmental attributes were influenced by factors such as uses and activities, comfort and image, sociability and access and linkages. Research limitations/implications The study can strengthen the development of design guidelines and social policy for beaches along the Atlantic Ocean, Nigeria. Hence, the view may not be generalizable to other beaches along the Atlantic Ocean with different social, economic, cultural and political settings. Originality/value To build meaningful and emotional connections in beaches of developing countries, the paper of this nature is vital as it will aid the development of design guidelines and social policy for beaches through the provision of physical and social features that enhance people-place relationships.

Architecture reflects the lifestyle and the culture of the society. It shows how people are living in a particular community. One perceives the traditional architecture of any region where one can see the simplicity of this architecture and the smart usage of the surrounding environment materials. This study aims to explore traditional architecture in Jordan by studying building sites, space planning of the interior space, and building materials to understand the sustainability factors implemented in the traditional architecture in Jordan. Three traditional houses in the city of Irbid-Jordan were observed and analyzed through the building site, space planning of the interior space, and building materials used. The analysis has shown that many sustainable factors and methods were implemented in the traditional houses in Irbid city. Considering the age of those buildings, the builder did not have an in-depth knowledge of sustainability concepts, and they were working based on their experience and climate knowledge. This study's results can help create an index of sustainability for traditional architectural heritage, which will enhance the process of creating sustainable buildings without losing the place identity and staying in the same cultural context.

Although there is increasing interest in place and destination branding, the inter‐disciplinary nature of the field poses challenges for the development of a coherent knowledge base. With a view to informing both research and practice, this article presents a systematic review combining place and destination branding, identifying and defining its core themes, and developing a conceptual map of the inter‐play between them. The following key themes are identified: general, brand identity, image and personality, politics, heritage, communication/media, country‐of‐ origin, and designscape and infrastructure. The article concludes with an agenda for further research including the need for research on specific themes across a wider range of place entities.

Place attachment to both physical and virtual places was investigated in an online survey of massively multiplayer online gamers. Participants (N=740) completed a place attachment inventory once for the place in the physical world which they considered home, and once for a place in a virtual world they felt attached to. In addition, measures of personality, gaming motivation, life satisfaction, attachment style, and identification with online avatars were taken. Results suggested that place identity, place uniqueness, and place social bonding were higher for physical places than for virtual places, but that place affect was higher for virtual places. A small number of participants (N=55, 7%) identified virtual ‘homes’, which participants felt were more special and which they identified more strongly with than other virtual places, and that were as unique and associated with an equal sense of belonging to physical homes. Results are interpreted through the lens of migration theory, and recommendations made for future research into digital domiciles and migration.

Political scientists are accustomed to imagining electoral politics in geographical terms. For instance, there is a “red America” that largely covers the country’s expansive heartland and there is a “blue America” mostly confined to the coasts. Until recently, however, public opinion scholars had largely lost sight of the fact that the places where people live, and people’s identification with those places, shape public opinion and political behavior. This paper develops and validates a flexible psychometric scale measure of a key political psychological dimension of place: place resentment. Place resentment is hostility toward place-based outgroups perceived as enjoying undeserved benefits beyond those enjoyed by one’s place-based ingroup. Regression results indicate that males, ruralites, younger Americans, those high in place identity, and those high in racial resentment are more likely to harbor higher levels of place resentment.

The importance of place in landscape management and outdoor recreation has been prominent in the literature since the 1970s. As such, calls to incorporate place into the management of parks, forests, and other protected areas exist. However, little work explores how place attachment may complement existing management frameworks. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to explore levels of visitors’ place attachment intensity across the six classes of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). Survey data collected in North America and Europe indicated there was more similarity in place attachment intensities among areas classified toward the less developed end of the ROS, while greater variation existed among the more developed sites. Observing place attachment across all six ROS classes allowed for a deeper understanding of the correlation between place and the management framework.

Group identities do not remain stable over time and team identity is no exception. As researchers have acknowledged team identity formation and maintenance as ongoing processes, it is equally important to explore how fans navigate threats to team identity. The purpose of this study is to understand how fans’ team identity was impacted by identity threat. The authors used digital ethnography to investigate how fans of the National Football League (NFL) Rams processed the identity threat presented by the team’s potential cross-country relocation from St. Louis, Missouri to Los Angeles, California. Based on analysis of fans’ real-time responses (via online discussion board), the authors found that fans’ team identity changed in meaning and importance as a result of the threat. The findings have theoretical implications for the study of team identification, particularly concerning the evaluative nature of identity, the relationship between team and place identity, and the inclusiveness of the group in team identity.

Purpose Place branding research has recently focused on developing more inclusive models to better capture the co-creation of place identities. This paper aims to investigate stakeholder communication interactions in place branding processes to inform alternative, participatory, network governance models of stakeholder engagement. Design/methodology/approach The literature on stakeholder engagement in place branding processes is sparse. Through a regional case study of the Australian island state of Tasmania, the paper combines participatory action research (PAR) with the method of sociological intervention (SI) to investigate how participants individually and collectively reflect on their practices and patterns of engagement. Findings By combining PAR with SI, participants were enabled to gain a greater appreciation of how cooperation and collective self-reflection enhance effective place branding practices. Furthermore, by facilitating participants to compile a list of impediments to collaboration, the research informs efforts to develop more inclusive governance models for place branding. Finally, the PAR/SI method itself served as a practical tool to encourage enhanced stakeholder engagement in applied settings. Research limitations/implications The approach is based on a single case study in a particular regional context and the findings require replication in other jurisdictions. Practical implications PAR/SI is a practical tool to achieve greater stakeholder engagement and enhance collaborative social action through a process of collective, critical reflection in applied settings. Originality/value The paper advances understanding of ways to operationalize participatory place branding through more inclusive, multistakeholder governance arrangements.

PurposeCheeses convey the identity of a region. The origin of milk, the pastures, the land, the cheesemakers and the traditional recipes transmit the ways a cheese is produced and consumed. This background links to food tourism practices, particularly to cheese-oriented tourism. In this sense, people can buy cheese at a range of selling points, and markets are being one of the most appreciated social, leisure and experience spaces. From a tourist and marketing perspective, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between cheese consumption and place identity, drawing from a study into the cheeses sold in a medium-sized European city.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on 17 semi-structured interviews with cheese vendors in markets and specialist food shops, the provenances of cheeses sold in the city of Reus – south-eastern Catalonia, northeastern Spain – were studied.FindingsLocal, national and international cheeses were analysed. Results show the type of identity that derives from cheese offer and its opportunities for food tourism planning and development.Practical implicationsOutcomes of this paper may lead cheese producers to explore new arenas of cheesemaking and cheese distribution. Also, the results inform food tourism stakeholders of what consumers – both locals and tourists – gather when they buy cheese in a medium-sized European city.Originality/valueThis research offers an innovative approach to the study of the links between food and place. Based on the understanding of the origin of products, this paper leads to further comprehension of specialist food tourisms from the offer perspective, which may also drive to the development of a more robust destination gastronomic identity – in this case, through the particular provision of cheeses.

Development has caused the cut down of villages with historical and cultural values as the identity ofSemarang City. Using the Pentahelix Model, this study aims to determine how stakeholders of Semarangcity maintain the cultural values of villages as the identity of Semarang City. The study uses a qualitativedescriptive approach. Interviews and documentation are chosen as data collection techniques. The resultsshowed that the government, community, private sector, academia, and media had played an active role inconstructing the identity of Semarang City. However, each stakeholder has its own approaches inconstructing the identity of Semarang City. Collaboration between stakeholders still needs to be improvedso that there is mutual understanding regarding the definition and approaches in constructing the identityof Semarang City.

This research explores the complex interplay among (a) landscape and social memory, (b) the construction of place-identity, and (c) notions of responsibility sharing in hazard preparedness and response. Our aims are to (a) establish greater clarity about the gap between social responses to technologically driven risk management strategies favoured by governments and agencies within the context of Australian bushfire management policies and practices, and (b) provide insight into the practical implications of policies espousing greater community involvement in readiness for bushfire, and shared responsibility between communities and governments. Case study based ethnographic research involves communities in rural, peri-urban and remote Australia. We find that maintaining a sense of place-identity in the face of economic rationalist government-at-a-distance may be of greater urgency to communities than planning for possible bushfire threat. Community imperatives to retain control over local social and landscape memory and narratives may result in push-back against well-intentioned outsider agency interventions aimed at promoting greater community awareness and preparedness. Within the entanglement of landscape, remembering and everyday social practices – the taskscape – there is fluidity between individual place-identity and the ways social memory is (re)constructed to make sense of emergent events and support imagined community futures. We conclude that a consequence for land and fire management agencies is to recognise the importance of framing community engagement around the ways each community functions within and as part of its landscape, rather than a singular focus on potential bushfire impacts.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the interaction effect of psychological place attachment and proactive coping on psychological distress and mental well-being in sojourners. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 12, 2019 to July 12, 2020 at University of Sargodha, Pakistan and comprised academic sojourners who stay in a place for a limited period of time. Data was collected using four self-reporting tools: Psychological Place Attachment Scale, Proactive Coping Inventory, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and Kasler Psychological Distress Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. RESULTS Of the 300 subjects, 181(60.3%) were females; 164(54.7%) were from Punjab; and 261(87%) were aged 17-22 years. Proactive coping, preventive coping and reflective coping significantly moderated the relationship between affective and psychological distress (p

Introduction Personal, community, and environmental factors can influence the attraction and retention of regional, rural, and remote health workers. However, the concept of place attachment needs further attention as a factor affecting the sustainability of the rural health workforce. Objective The purpose of this rapid review was to explore the influence of a sense of place in attracting and retaining health professionals in rural and remote areas. Design A systematic rapid review was conducted based on an empirical model using four dimensions: place dependence, place identity, social bonding and nature bonding. English-language publications between 2011 and 2021 were sought from academic databases, including studies relevant to Australian health professionals. Findings A total of 348 articles were screened and 52 included in the review. Place attachment factors varied across disciplines and included (a) intrinsic place-based personal factors; (b) learning experiences enhancing self-efficacy and rural health work interest; (c) relational, social and community integration; and (d) connection to place with lifestyle aspirations. Discussion This rapid review provides insight into the role of relational connections in building a health workforce and suggests that community factors are important in building attachment through social bonding and place identity. Results indicate that future health workforce research should focus on career decision-making and psychological appraisals including place attachment. Conclusion An attachment to place might develop through placement experiences or from a strong rural upbringing. The importance of the relational interactions within a work community and the broader community is seen as an important factor in attracting, recruiting, and sustaining a rural health workforce.

This paper is aimed to find a new framework for the theoretical structure of place branding concerning the role of the local community within it, based on the study from some places in two Indonesian cities. By the empirical study on those cases, the intention is to find the role of each element and its relationships between them, in the context of brand-management model to develop the competitive advantage of the city. The analytical process will be focused on the crucial role of the local community as the main player in city identity formation. The local community is the main user of the urban space who can make decisions over space, according to their inherited perception and belief, individually and communally. This qualitative research employed interviews and direct immersion with the urban community, to examine the anatomy of the place evolution in the two types of Indonesian cities: the heritage city of Surakarta and the cosmopolitan city of Semarang. The theoretical invention of the city authenticity’s DNA and its elements that have been formulated on a heritage city from the previous study is used as the basis for verification of the other cities. The research findings have proven that the uniqueness of the urban places is very much influenced by the decisions made by the local communities based on their interaction with their living environment. On the next stage, the interaction between the community and their place would be contributed to the sustainability of the city identity, which will become the main factor of the advancement of city branding and the increase of the competitive advantage of the city.

Peri-urban areas around Sydney, as around many cities in the world, are spaces in mutation, which are underdoing dramatic changes in their land use and social fabric: agricultural lands are progressively turned into residential areas, and non-farming landowners with a different set of values and expectations settle in these areas, often sparkling conflicts with farmers. These changes are supported by a planning system that encourages the development of residential areas in the peri-urban. However, it has been noticed that rather than completely disappearing, agricultural activities are still visible in the peri-urban environment, and farmers develop adaptation strategies to adjust to this shifting environment. Many factors affecting farmers’ adaptation strategies have been studied. One element that remains understudied is the role of farmers’ relationship to place. To bridge this gap, we develop a typology of farmers’ place identity (land-based and practice-based place identity) and observe how these conceptualisations of place identity can contribute to explaining farmers’ adoption of incremental and transformative adaptation strategies in the peri-urban. Based on 24 interviews with 15 farmers our results suggest that farmers with a combined place identity (land-based and practice-based) are more likely to adopt transformative adaptation strategies than farmers with a practice-based place identity who are more likely to adopt incremental adaptation strategies. Our results acknowledge that other elements, such as succession planning and farmers’ environmental values, are also likely to play a role in farmers’ adoption of adaptation strategies.

Place identity refers to a cluster of ideas about identity and place in the fields of geography, urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, and environmental psychology. Place identity has become a significant issue in the last 25 years in urban planning and design. Place identity concerns the meaning and significance of places for their inhabitants and users, and how these meanings contribute to individuals' conceptualizations of self. Place identity also relates to the context of mogdernity, history, and the politics of representation (Proshansky et al., 1995).Jeddah went through dramatic changes in the last 70 years after demolishing the old city wall and oil booming, which affected the identity, traditions, and lifestyle (Shiber, 1967). In order to eliminate the lack of city identity and change the people's attachment to Jeddah's new urban development, this paper will take Khuzam Palace Museum as a case study to express the relationship between the past and present in the city. The paper will have an analytical review of urban memory, place identity, and place attachment elements. At the end, the paper will set some recommendations to consider using and respecting the community memories from the past that related physical elements and social interaction that have to express into new forms of place-making in the future development to increase the identity and the sense of belonging in Jeddah city.

The development of place attachment is an important learning objective in geography education because it plays a significant role in people’s behaviors toward protecting and acting on behalf of pla...

As an outcome of the phenomenal development of place branding in the travel industry, scrutinizing its potential influences on tourism and travelers' destinations is of supreme importance. This study aims to identify how branding of places influences both supply and demand sides' perspectives and leads to changes in travelers' behavior towards Tatarstan, Russia. Based on 78 interviews with tourists (22), managers (34) and 3 focus groups (22), a conceptual model was designed which illustrates that the tangible and intangible factors of place identity influence the archetypical nation trait and regional place brand, which further results in a positive place image, authentic lifestyle, and entrepreneurship. Implications for tourism planning and management are provided.

Gated and controlled access housing developments are commonly perceived as adesirable setting by homeowners and home buyers. However, it has been claimedthat gating contradicts the concept of permeability, connectivity, and livability ofcities. How gating affects residential satisfaction? Answering this question will behard in the case of studying gated communities because gates and walls areinterrelated with several amenities that characterize this type of housing. Therefore,the present research is a qualitative case study that explores the impact of gating apreviously non-gated housing area. It highlights residents’ experiences, feelings, andperceptions of their residential environment before and after the installation of thegates. Results show that three domains out of five are positively affected by gating,specifically: (a) place identity; (b) privacy and environmental control; and (c) safetyand security feelings. The findings indicate also that privacy and convenience ofcontrolled access is a paramount advantage of gating more than protection fromcrime. Most importantly is that residents are used now to the benefits achieved fromgating that they will hardly force it aside by the need to promote livable andsustainable city life.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the antecedents of local residents’ heritage resource protection and conservation responsibility behaviors that were identified based on the conceptual premises of value orientation and identity theories for the purpose of providing further insight into the impact of residents’ identity on their responsibility behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model explores the impacts of place identity, place satisfaction and personal norms on local residents’ heritage resource protection and conservation responsibility behaviors, which was tested following a two-step structural equation modeling process using data (N= 221) collected from a very popular heritage tourism destination, Phoenix Old Town, in China.FindingsFindings show that value orientation and identity theories provide strong conceptual frameworks for the relationships among place identity, place satisfaction and personal norms and their impacts on heritage responsibility behavior.Practical implicationsThis research identifies critical factors influencing residents’ heritage responsibility behaviors in China. Improving residents’ identification and satisfaction with a place can have positive impacts on their understanding of heritage protection responsibility and their intention to take responsible actions for heritage resource protection and conservation.Originality/valueThis study addresses a research gap regarding residents’ role in the protection and conservation of heritage resources through developing and empirically testing a theoretical model that incorporates residents’ identity and responsibility perspectives.

The current study aims to investigate souvenir suppliers' perceptions of authentic souvenirs in the context of a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Laos, Luang Prabang (LPB). The findings suggest that authentic souvenirs need to integrate culture and history to represent place identity of the destination, to be handmade and produced within LPB, to have a unique, attractive presentation, and to require local-specific skills of local artisans or recognisable person for craftsmanship. The research finds that attitudes toward and willingness to sell mass-produced souvenirs are more typical of souvenir vendors because of the limited business resources. This paper discusses the suppliers’ consensus on the issue of origin and locality of souvenirs, which is a strong pursuit of objective authenticity of souvenirs, but challenges exist, in particular, increasing demand over the volume of local souvenir production and a fierce competition with international traders in the local market.

The place brand is an extremely complex and multidimensional concept. Creation of a strong territorial brand is largely dependent on identifying aspects which define the attractiveness of a given place. As the literature on the subject and studies prepared by experts tend to devote a lot of attention to large urban centres, I decided to analyse how small and middle-sized local government units deal with the brand building process. The aim of the study was to determine the aspect of attractiveness that build identities of small and medium-sized communes (gminas), the dimensions of identities of such communes, and the typological classes of communes defined on the basis of these dimensions. Local authorities tend to perceive place brands primarily through the prism of key attributes of individual places. Natural attributes and attractions, geographical location, events, and sport facilities are the building blocks of attractiveness for small and middle-sized local government units. The key dimensions of the communes’ identities are the aspects of their attractiveness in terms of settlement, tourism and economic activity. The conducted analysis allowed also to distinguish communes with strong and distinctive identities, communes whose identities are defined primarily by their offer dedicated to the residents, ones defined most strongly by their business and cultural offers, communes whose identity is not very clear and requires intervention, as well as communes with a high level of tourist attractiveness and good recreational offerings.

From the Olympic Games to the local community street party, festivals and events are inherently visual in nature. Despite this, there is limited research that interrogates this at any scale of event and especially as it relates to notions of place. Many events are used to create and/or maintain a destination image; they are said to "represent" place and reflect place culture. Fashion events are unequivocally a spectacle, and many have strong links with destination branding (e. g., Paris Fashion Week); in these instances, fashion has helped to shape the image of the destination. Fashion is rooted in a sense of local place identity, and as such, fashion events can facilitate the representation of place to attendees and the media audience alike, whether inadvertently or deliberately. This article examines visual and written representations of place through a case study of the iD Fashion Show held annually in Dunedin, New Zealand. An inductive thematic analysis was carried out on the visual imagery and accompanying text in the show's promotional material (such as marketing material and official show programs) and other media discourse since its inception in 2000 until 2017, focusing on the show's contribution to constructions and representations of a distinctive "Dunedin look." The findings demonstrate a strong association between place and fashion and highlight the usefulness of a visual approach in identifying tensions in the written and visual discourses around representations of place.

The urban renewal process in neighbourhoods with well-rooted communities often reveals the ties between people and spaces, and highlights the inextricable links between social and physical structures. The residents of three neighbour-hoods in the city of Barcelona–Trinitat Nova, Plus Ultra and Vallcarca–have endured and fought against the threat of radical urban renewals planned by the municipal authorities for decades, and their efforts have only recently been rewarded with the acceptance of their demands by local administrations. In this period, residents organized themselves to defend their vision of the place against official plans, a vision which was a collective construction of personal memories and historical evidences. In the PROHABIT research project, we have undertaken an interdisciplinary study, involving architects-planners and social and environmental psychologists, to understand the process of construction of a sense of community and place identity in three neighbourhoods. The study has highlighted the need to overcome the divisions between social sciences and design disciplines, between the real world of experience and the abstract world of design thinking. In this regard, the work conducted in this project offers some insights into the need to create a holistic understanding of today's urban environment, and how architects and planners need to develop skills and methods to enable them to form part of the open and participatory planning systems which our contemporary urban environments demand.

While there has been significant discussion of the intertwined roles of mobility and identity, little has been written about these two factors in relation to an important third factor, dress. This paper examines dress and identity within two lifestyle migration memoirs, as forms of media such as these create socially situated imagined places where readers can explore new lives and ways of being. Using a culturally oriented framework to examine the moving parts of mobility, identity and dress within text and place, this paper engages with Carol Tulloch's theory that styling the body is self‐telling, whereby dress reveals autobiographical details about the self through clothing choices. It argues that moving from one place to another begins a process of change, and that clothes are used to signify this process to others. This paper contributes to understanding the transformative process of migration, particularly as it relates to imaginative explorations associated with texts. It also contributes to another underdeveloped field, the study of dress in rural areas. Its original application of Tulloch's theory along with broader social theories, within a discussion of lifestyle migration discourse and dress, means that it differs from previous migration research.

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych, zmierzających do oceny poziomu wiedzy społeczności akademickiej o uczelni, w kontekście przywiązania do miejsca. Próbę zbadania komponentu poznawczego, jednego z wielu aspektów identyfikacji z miejscem, podjęto w celu określenia, czy uczelnia jest postrzegana przez studentów i pracowników naukowych jako anonimowe nie-miejsce. Wyniki sondażu diagnostycznego zostały uzupełnione definicjami i aktualnym stanem badań nad problematyką miejsca i przywiązania do miejsca. Zarówno w przypadku studentów, jak i pracowników wykazano ograniczoną wiedzę o uczelni, z którą grupy te związane są w okresach mierzonych w miesiącach lub latach. W przypadku pracowników naukowych prawidłowe odpowiedzi przeważały jedynie w pytaniach opierających się na informacjach organizacyjnych i proceduralnych, w przeciwieństwie do tych, które dotyczyły historii i aktualnych wydarzeń związanych z głównym gmachem uczelni i jego bezpośrednim otoczeniem. W świetle tych odpowiedzi uczelnia jawi się raczej jako anonimowe nie-miejsce, nieposiadające głębszych symbolicznych i społecznych znaczeń, niż miejsce, z którym społeczność akademicka się identyfikuje. Budynki uczelni, podobnie jak współczesne lotniska i dworce, stacje benzynowe, hotele itp. stają się w studenckich doświadczeniach z uczelnią bardzo podobne do siebie.

Globalization and mobile societies challenge large cities to provide not only basic services, such as water or housing, but also places where long-term residents and (forced) migrants are able to form bonds and attribute meanings. The question of what types of urban settings can foster place attachment through interaction has been poorly investigated. To address this research gap, a qualitative study was conducted in Iran to investigate how long-term residents (Persian) and bi-cultural migrants (Afghans who migrated to Iran and stayed there for more than 5 yrs) form bonds with urban parks. Participants were given a standardized round-trip of Persian gardens and a modern urban park. Theory-guided, problem-centered interviews were recorded and analyzed with directed qualitative content analysis. Considerable differences were found among both groups in terms of how people created attachments with the different places. For both user groups both park types enabled links to the place via practical and visual appreciation, social interactions, emotions and garden structure. In contrast to the modern park, the Persian gardens offered many more opportunities to link to the place via shared history, meanings and memories. These three prominent drivers of place identity offered long-term residents excellent means to establish a bond with that place. Shared history and meanings, however, rarely allowed bi-cultural migrants to become attached to the place; for this group, certain elements of Persian gardens triggered memories that enabled them to view the places of origin and relocation as interconnected locations capable of providing different, yet compatible experiences. As theory suggests, such access helps to reduce the disruption of moving to a new place. Our results help to empirically test and broaden current place attachment theories and encourage city planners to preserve and develop parks that satisfy more than the ‘place dependency needs’ of users., Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 61, ISSN:1618-8667

This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of green spaces as health-promoting campus environments. Our study of a campus green space at the University of Bonn, Germany, is one of the first attempts to quantify health-promoting effects of Academic Greenspace among students, adding to our understanding of how green spaces can serve as everyday therapeutic landscapes. We take a closer look at the interlinkages between students’ perceptions of their health and physical, social and mental well-being in place and academic space. We focus on identity-creating elements, personal experiences, emotional bonding, subjective symbolic meanings, and social interaction. Based on our study results, a Healthy Academic Greenspace Framework (HAGF) was developed to reveal the processes by which Academic Greenspace becomes an important health resource on campus for many students. As a facilitator for recreation and attention restoration, as a place of identity as well as a place of social encounter and exchange, Academic Greenspace is meaningful as a place for experiencing everyday life with the potential to support healthy campus planning.

This chapter focuses on the efforts of the Jewish Food Movement (JFM) to promote sustainable food systems. The JFM advocates for the creation of a sustainable food system rooted in Biblical agricultural teachings and conceptions of social justice. The JFM combines religious teachings with agro-ecological perspectives in promoting local and organic food. It integrates Jewish identity renewal with advocacy for sustainable food, seeing a return to religious tradition as a way to sustain the Jewish community. A progressive vision of place plays a central role in the JFM. Sustainability of the food system and sustainability of the Jewish community begin locally, but the concern extends beyond the local to the planetary scale with a focus on the impacts of the food system on global environmental change.

Whilst the South Wales coalfield was once the largest area of coal export in the world and provided the largest source of employment in Wales, it is now typified, according to some, by the ‘post-industrial’ condition: unemployment, loss of place identity, limited social mobility, and increasing political alienation. By disputing the binary of industrial/post-industrial, it is possible to argue that communities should be reconsidered in a way that acknowledges their enduring industrial culture. Using ethnographic research, interview data and auto-ethnographic reflections collected in an ex-coal mining town in a South Wales valley, UK, this chapter seeks to better consider how legacies of industrial heritage can be traced throughout these lives, communities and landscapes. By considering memory as rooted in the material and immaterial; affective, emotive and discursive; shared and imagined, we can reflect on how individuals relate not only to a (post-)industrial town, but also to the many temporal continuities of industrial life and landscape. This chapter troubles linear conceptualisations of deindustrialisation and the ‘post’- industrial town to provide an understanding of how industrial heritage continues to matter, be (re)constructed, and manifest in the everyday lives in these places and landscapes, underpinning the continuation of an industrial heritage that is often unconsidered.

Festivals are conceptualised in this chapter as temporary organisations embedded in more permanent structures (e.g. festival lead organisation). Festivals face a series of paradoxical tensions common to temporary organisations in creative fields. These tensions arise, in part, from the diversity of actors involved in festivals and the distinctive values and priorities they bring to their festival organisational involvement. Lucca Comics & Games (LC&G), which is one of the biggest comic-cons in the world, operates in the intersection of different institutional contexts, which include a wide range of actors involved. Thus, tensions appear within the LC&G domain as a result of these actors’ different levels of involvement in the festival organisation and their diverse identities. These tensions and their resolutions will be analysed from the perspective of extant theory on paradox. A specific focus of this chapter is on the belonging paradox, which concerns the role of competing identities among different types of festival participants and how these competing identities are manifested in the organisational identity of LC&G, its structures and processes. Our study provides evidence of identity tensions as both/and relationships that are not mutually exclusive or antagonistic. The authors also suggest that ‘place identity’ requires further examination as a distinctive feature of temporary organising in festivals, considering its role in mediating tensions arising from the belonging paradox amongst festival main actors (exhibitors, artists, public bodies and lead organisation employees).

Author(s): Pitas, Nicholas A. | Abstract: Concessioner-provided services are integral to the national park visitor experience, and date back to the origins of the National Park Service (NPS). With visitation across NPS units growing steadily over time, services provided by these public–private partnerships will likely only increase in importance. Despite the critical role of concessioners, concerns exist regarding the presence of for-profit entities within national parks. While private businesses may be more responsive to consumer wants and needs, their presence raises questions regarding equity, resource protection, and over-commercialization, while potentially eroding public perceptions of ownership and investment in these protected areas. With this in mind, the purpose of the present study was to assess factors that may influence visitors’ perceptions of appropriateness regarding current and future concessioner activities, using data from visitors to Grand Teton National Park (GRTE). Regression analysis found no significant predictors of perceived appropriateness of current concessioner activity. Several significant predictors of anticipated appropriateness of future concessions activities emerged, however. Respondents who believed that there would be more concessioner activity in the future felt that such an increase would lead to an inappropriately high amount of commercial activity at GRTE. In addition, social liberalism, economic conservatism, and place identity were also related to a belief that there would be inappropriately high levels of concessioner activity in the future. Place dependence, knowledge regarding the role of concessioners at GRTE, and trust in GRTE were not significant predictors. Implications for future research, as well as for decisionmakers, are discussed.

This paper discusses an assessment of social and economic carrying capacity (CC) in Bukit Tinggi. Bukit Tinggi is a new and emerging highland tourism destination located in Malaysia, thus assessing the present CC level is imperative to ascertain the sustainability of destination competitiveness. The economics of socio CC has been a growing area. The fundamental concept of CC revolves around the analysis of behavioural dynamics, succession, and establishing a dynamic balance of natural ecosystems. This paper, hence, looked into the present socio-economic CC level in Bukit Tinggi in order to understand the extent of tourism developments enabled in Bukit Tinggi without affecting tourists’ tourism experience. The CC data on social (tourist arrival, safety and well-being, place identity, tourism experience) and economic (employment demand/supply, business growth/supply demand, tourism income) aspects were gathered from visitors via self-administered questionnaire survey approach. The findings revealed that more efforts and immediate attention should be given to the socioeconomic CC in Bukit Tinggi mainly because all the studied variables displayed moderate CC level values.

Rural communities often display strong emotions in response to closures of facilities and services. Research into explaining community responses hardly pays attention to the socio-psychological process of ‘loss’ of such local facilities, which occurs when place bonds are disrupted. This paper explores how a rural community makes sense of place-change by examining how residents interpret, evaluate and cope with local facility-decline. Three focus group discussions were conducted in Tzummarum, a village in the Netherlands, just after the closure of a local sports hall was announced. A theoretical framework for community coping-responses is used to interpret the empirical results. We find that while the closure of local facilities can result in a disruption of individual place bonds, there is a discernible shared sense of loss based on the social and symbolical meaning that certain facilities have for the village community. This sense of loss can help explain collective coping responses. However, this study found that collective action is only considered for local facilities that foster a sense of community, provided there is enough collective efficacy.

To “identify” with a place is a method of association: An association with a particular situation and larger context. To be able to orientate within a context is an act of association and method of comprehension, an experience which is a means of attaining identity. Architecture has an ability to define and make associations through the experience of its purpose in its relationship with a particular place. This thesis investigates the way architecture can become involved in defining a particular situation within a context, to suggest an order that enhances the experience of a place and contributes to its identity. It is an analysis of the ways one experiences the city and the built environment to identify its memorable qualities, using the techniques of observation, interpretation, representation and articulation, which attempt to achieve a balanced approach to building in cities. This suggests that other than the brief of the building, there is the importance of analysing its context so as to attain a sense of grounding to a particular place, its experience and identity. I will use the example of Riga, the capital city of Latvia, which is in the process of re-identification after Soviet occupation. In particular I will be analysing the proposed Latvian National Library designed by the Latvian /American architect Gunnar Birkerts, which attempts to represent Latvian identity in the city. I will use this as an investigation to frame several discussions about identity and the roles architecture plays as its register in an urban context.

This study aims to assess the willingness of the new generation of farmers in China to return to their hometowns for the purpose of contributing to rural tourism. Based on the hierarchy of effects models (HOE) and the social representation theory (SRT), this study utilized an analysis model of perceived rural tourism impacts (P), sense of place (SoP), and willingness to participate (WTP) by the new generation of farmers, where sense of place was deconstructed into the two independent dimensions of place identification (PI) and place attachment (PA). A total of 263 valid questionnaire surveys were collected in Yanling County, a demonstration county for leisure agriculture and rural tourism in China. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the data. The results show that the perceived impacts of rural tourism on the new generation of farmers had a significant positive impact on their willingness to participate in the development of rural tourism. It was also found that sense of place played a mediating role in the perceived impacts of rural tourism and willingness to participate. Additionally, perceived impacts of rural tourism had a significant positive effect on place identity, where place identity played a mediating role between perceived impacts of rural tourism and place attachment. Place identity had a significant positive effect on place attachment, and place attachment played a mediating role between place identity and willingness to participate. The practical implications of these findings for future research and rural tourism development are also discussed.

We examine how CEO birthplace identity affects firm corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. CEOs heading firms located in their home birth counties are associated with higher levels of CSR. The relation is more pronounced for CEOs with deeper home connections. Importantly, CSR activities by home CEOs are associated with significant increases in firm value relative to non-home CEOs. Additionally, home CEOs do not appear to extract private benefits, either directly or indirectly, from these activities. Overall, our results suggest that engaging in CSR will not necessarily increase levels of social trust and firm value. The place identity of the CEO also matters

Human coexistence in post-industrial cities poses a formidable challenge to the interior design, consisting not only of migration and the planet survival, social integration and welfare, but also of a liveability dimension based on intangible meanings. According to an ecological view, the human habitat should take account of people primary needs in their complexity, including their right to memory, beauty, interiority and to change themselves by changing their city. Reusing existing buildings allows to put a brake on the consumption of land, energy, built and natural heritage, but also to draw significant inspiration from the memory layered in complex historical spaces, taking their latent potentialities and developing them in an innovative and sustainable way. In the chapter, the concepts of place, identity, innovation are discussed and some reflections on the possible intersection between different fields (interior design, psychology, anthropology, preservation, neurosciences…) are proposed, to promote the creation of hospitable and welcoming physical and relational places.

The viability of national tourism policy as a rural economy rejuvenation tool is questioned, considering national depopulation due to aging, and magnified rurally by out-migration, and domestic tourism disinterest. The chapter compares the case-studies, concluding that one tourism policy does not fit all. This examination indicated four impediments to Hyogo’s sustainable tourism of inadequate forecasting, inefficient planning measures, scale of development and a failure to specify goals, while the role of nature, nostalgia and pride forestalled growth in Kasumi and Himeji. Women in the fishing industry, powerful networks in business, construction, government and the FCAs, historic towns and cities’ Topophilic role in culture, community, and place identity in a peripheral and marginal context are factors that impact Hyogo tourism development