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Purpose. To determine the psychological trauma consequences and types of possible mental disorders in victims of а traffic accident (TA). Materials and methods. There has been made a review of current professional literature on providing the medical and psychological assistance in terms of the definition of mental disorder types in patients with psychological trauma due to TA. Results. We have determined the concept «psychic trauma», systematized the consequences of psychological trauma in victims of TA. In the context of individual and psychological characteristics of this category of people, there was determined the content in the concept of alcohol intoxication, namely, physiological (simple) and pathological intoxication as one of the main socio-epidemiological predictors of traffic accidents. Conclusion. Provision of medical and psychological assistance to the victims of TA requires the implementation of a number of specific measures, including the study of actions of a person, who suffered due to TA, with further diagnosis of his (her) psychological state, as well as initiation of the forensic psychological examination with an individual psychological study, first of all in the context of criminological features of ТА perpetrators as subjects of the crime of negligence, in the absence of medical and legal criteria for insanity, especially in drivers in a with alcoholic intoxication.

Trauma exposure has been repeatedly linked to psychophysiological threat reactivity, although the directionality of this association has been inconsistent. Several factors likely contribute to inconsistent findings including type of trauma and threat paradigm. The present study therefore examined the impact of trauma type on psychophysiological reactivity to predictable (P-) and unpredictable (U-) threat in young adults (N = 112). Participants were classified into three groups: history of interpersonal or noninterpersonal trauma, or no history of trauma. Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded during a well-validated threat-of-shock paradigm. Results indicated individuals with interpersonal trauma exposure displayed exaggerated startle reactivity to U-threat (only) compared with both other groups. In contrast, individuals with noninterpersonal trauma exhibited blunted startle reactivity to U-threat (only) compared with both other groups. Findings reveal that trauma and threat type influence threat reactivity and that those with a history of interpersonal trauma may uniquely display exaggerated sensitivity to stressors that are uncertain.

The integration of trauma-informed care practices into the care of obstetric patients requires an understanding of psychological trauma, its impact on this population, and how trauma-informed care can be adapted to improve outcomes for those patients with a previous history of trauma or for those that experience peripartum trauma. System-based changes to policies, protocols, and practices are needed to achieve sustainable change. Maternal morbidity and mortality that result from trauma-related and other mental health conditions in the peripartum period are significant. Innovative approaches to the prevention of negative birth experiences and retraumatization during labor and delivery are needed.

The article provides up-to-date scientific data on the clinical phenotype of depression in children and adolescents that were exposed to significant psychological trauma as a result of hostilities, terrorism, natural disasters, abuse, physical and sexual violence. The review presents the latest data on the prevalence of depression due to various traumatic factors, comorbidity of mental and neurological disorders, possible mechanisms of their relationship, treatment recommendations. Post-traumatic depressions (PTD) are widespread in children and adolescents and negatively affect the quality of life and significantly increase the risk of suicide and self-harming behavior. The presence of depression worsens the prognosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, the treatment response. Several psychotherapeutic interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy and eye-movement desensitization, are effective in the treatment of PTD. Psychopharmacological drugs, in particular antidepressants and mood stabilizers, have limited proven efficacy in PTD in pediatric practice. The use of these drugs in comorbid mental and neurological conditions has a higher level of evidence. Conclusions. Depression in children and adolescents due to psychological trauma remains an understudied topic. Future research should focus on the efficacy of pharmacological approaches to the treatment of posttraumatic depression and comorbid mental and neurological disorders, which is especially important for countries with low access to specialized psychotherapeutic care., У статті наведені сучасні наукові дані щодо клінічного фенотипу депресій у дітей та підлітків, які зазнали значущої психологічної травматизації в результаті воєнних дій, тероризму, природних катастроф, жорстокого поводження, фізичного та сексуального насильства. Обговорюються дані щодо поширеності депресій, зумовлених різними травматичними чинниками, коморбідності з психічними та неврологічними розладами, розглянуті можливі механізми їх взаємозв’язку, терапевтичні рекомендації. Посттравматичні депресії (ПТД) поширені серед дітей та підлітків, негативно впливають на якість життя та суттєво збільшують ризик суїциду та самоушкоджуючої поведінки. Наявність депресії погіршує прогноз перебігу посттравматичного стресового розладу, ефективність його терапії. Окремі психотерапевтичні втручання, зокрема когнітивно-поведінкова терапія та десенсибілізація рухами очей, є ефективними методами терапії ПТД. Психофармакологічні лікарські засоби (ПЛЗ), зокрема антидепресанти та стабілізатори настрою, мають обмежену доведену ефективність при ПТД у педіатричній практиці. Більший рівень доказовості має застосування цих ПЛЗ при коморбідних психічних та неврологічних розладах. Висновки. Депресія у дітей та підлітків внаслідок психологічної травматизації залишається недостатньо дослідженим розладом психіки. Майбутні дослідження мають бути направлені на вивчення ефективності фармакотерапевтичних підходів до лікування посттравматичної депресії та коморбідних психічних та неврологічних розладів, що є особливо важливим для країн з низьким доступом до спеціалізованої психотерапевтичної допомоги.

Background Second victims (SVs) are health care workers traumatized by unanticipated, adverse patient events. These experiences can have personal and professional effects on SVs. Research indicates that SVs experience inadequate support following adverse events. Purpose To determine the prevalence of nurses who identified as SVs and their awareness and use of supportive resources. Methods A convenience sample of nurses was surveyed, and SV responses were compared with those who did not identify as a SV. Responses were analyzed using nonparametric methods. Results One hundred fifty-nine (44.3%) of 359 participants identified as SVs. There was a significant relationship between work tenure and SVs (P = .009). A relationship was found between SVs and awareness and use of support resources, with debriefing being the preferred method after an event. Conclusions Adverse events trigger emotional trauma in SVs who require administrative awareness, support, and follow-up to minimize psychological trauma in the clinical nurse.

Background Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is the intentional alteration, removal, or injury of female genitalia for non-medical reasons. Approximately 200 million females have been victims of FGM/C, and genital reconstructive procedures are increasing in demand. Objectives The objectives of this study were to assess clinical and patient-reported outcomes after FGM/C reconstruction to help guide treatment practices. Methods Adult patients undergoing anatomic reconstruction after FGM/C were retrospectively identified. Outcomes included clitoral, labial, and donor site surgical site occurrences (SSO) and the need for revision operations. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using an adapted version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a validated outcomes instrument that assesses sexual function through 6 domains, with each domain having a maximum score of 6. Results Nineteen patients were identified in our review. Patients presented for reconstruction due to dyspareunia, inability to orgasm, chronic infections, to normalize appearance, and/or to "feel normal." There were no SSOs and two revision operations for adhesions. 74% of patients completed the FSFI postoperatively. Despite most patients seeking repair for inability to orgasm and/or dyspareunia, the median scores for these domains were 4.6 and 5.2. Patients' desire to engage in sexual activity scored lowest (3.9), and patients reported concerns over the appearance of their genitalia (50%) that affected self-confidence (85.7%). Conclusion FGM/C reconstruction is safe and contributes to improvements in physical sexual health. Psychological trauma may contribute to lessened sexual desire and self-confidence even after reconstruction. Multidisciplinary treatment is important to address the long-term psychological effects of this practice. Level of evidence iv This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur, and research suggests that these 2 conditions exacerbate one another producing greater impact on normal functioning in combination than separately. The influence of traumatic experiences on both pain and PTSD has been shown, but the nature of this interplay remains unclear. Although Criterion A trauma is required for the diagnosis of PTSD, whether the association between PTSD and chronic pain is dependent on Criterion A is underexplored. In this observational cohort study, we examined the association between pain and PTSD-like symptoms in the context of Criterion A trauma in 5,791 men from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Correlations and mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version symptoms and multiple indicators of pain from the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire across trauma history and chronic pain conditions. 53.21% of the participants experienced trauma consistent with DSM-IV Criterion A for PTSD. The associations between pain indicators and PTSD-like symptoms was stronger for individuals with a history of trauma but remained robust for individuals without trauma history. Small but significant interactions between past trauma and pain indicators and PTSD-like symptoms were observed. Findings were similar in a subsample of participants with history of chronic pain conditions. The relationship between PTSD-like symptoms and indicators of pain were largely independent of trauma consistent with Criterion A, highlighting the need to better understand and address stressful life events in chronic pain patients and pain concerns in individuals reporting trauma. Perspective This article demonstrates that the relationship between PTSD-like symptoms and indicators of pain is largely independent of trauma consistent with Criterion A. This finding highlights the need to better understand and address stressful life events in chronic pain patients and pain concerns in individuals reporting trauma.

Trauma and its related psychological and somatic consequences are associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity. The regulation of both the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) have been reported to be affected during physical and psychological trauma. Both mediators are likely molecular correlates of trauma-induced cardiovascular complications, because they share parallel roles and signaling pathways in the cardiovascular system, both locally as well as on the level of central regulation and the vagus nerve. Meditation can alter the structure of specific brain regions and can have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. This perspective article summarizes the evidence pointing toward the significance of H2S and OT signaling in meditation-mediated cardio-protection.

Introduction: The large numbers of torture survivors suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychological trauma in the United States suggests pharmacists should be aware of, and attentive to possible drug therapies for this population. Method: To this end, we systematically review the literature on pharmacotherapy for survivors of torture. Published literature that assessed use of pharmacotherapy in torture victims were searched from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsychInfo and CINAHL. Search terms “torture,” “pharmacotherapy,” “depression OR PTSD,” “refugee OR asylum seekers” and “treatment or rehabilitation” were utilized. Results: Review of controlled and uncontrolled studies reveal that antidepressants are the most widely studied medications, particularly sertraline, a selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the torture survivor population expanding to refugees and asylum seekers. Anti-adrenergic medications were used as adjunctive treatment in some uncontrolled studies. In randomized controlled trials, pharmacotherapy did not differentiate from placebo in reducing symptoms. Uncontrolled trials had yielded variable outcomes from pharmacotherapy. Discussion: There is lack of strong evidence in supporting the use of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Heterogeneity in the study design, patient ethnicity and the social and political status at the time of the study may have contributed in the variable clinical responses to pharmacotherapy.

Trans Vaginal Mesh (TVM) surgeries have been used to treat stress urine incontinency (SUI) and/or pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Systematic reviews of clinical studies of outcomes suggest that the procedures have benefited a majority of women, while noting that a small minority of women have experienced harms. To provide a more complete picture of outcomes, we conducted a systematic review of the qualitative literature to provide a comprehensive analysis of women’s own accounts of their experience. We conducted a systematic review and thematic synthesis of the evidence from the international qualitative literature on women’s experiences of and perspectives on TVM surgery for SUI and/or POP between 1996 and 2020. We retrieved 6587 papers from PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and full-text review of eligible articles, five articles were included in our systematic review. Findings from included articles were organised under three main themes: women’s everyday lives were transformed by TVM surgery; women’s expectations of and approach to their future lives; and women’s critiques of TVM surgery. The transformation of women’s everyday lives included a struggle to obtain recognition and support for their injuries before and after corrective surgery, ongoing limitations on their social, professional and personal lives, and compounding medical and psychological trauma as a result. Women’s approaches to their future lives changed because of this transformation; we identified five main approaches, four were ways of accommodating change, a fifth involved being unable to accommodate life changes. Women’s critiques included that TVM surgeries were overused, consent processes were poor, and surgeons’ definitions of success were deficient. Women expressed concerns about the safety of TVM products and future risks of further complications and discussed multiple system failures in the health care they received. This review suggests that discounting women’s experiences has caused compound trauma and skewed the clinical evidence base; while harms occurred in a minority of women, we suggest they should be recognised as an ethically significant potential outcome. Approaches to TVM injury should attend to historical epistemic injustice and recognise women’s agency.

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly reported co-occurring mental health consequences of psychological trauma exposure. The disorders have high genetic overlap. Trauma is a complex phenotype but research suggests that trauma sensitivity has a heritable basis. We investigated whether sensitivity to trauma in those with MDD reflects a similar genetic component in those with PTSD.MethodsGenetic correlations between PTSD and MDD in individuals reporting trauma and MDD in individuals not reporting trauma were estimated, as well as with recurrent MDD and single-episode MDD, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Genetic correlations were replicated using PTSD data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Million Veteran Program. Polygenic risk scores were generated in UK Biobank participants who met the criteria for lifetime MDD (N = 29 471). We investigated whether genetic loading for PTSD was associated with reporting trauma in these individuals.ResultsGenetic loading for PTSD was significantly associated with reporting trauma in individuals with MDD [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07), Empirical-p = 0.02]. PTSD was significantly more genetically correlated with recurrent MDD than with MDD in individuals not reporting trauma (rg differences = ~0.2, p < 0.008). Participants who had experienced recurrent MDD reported significantly higher rates of trauma than participants who had experienced single-episode MDD (χ2 > 166, p < 0.001)ConclusionsOur findings point towards the existence of genetic variants associated with trauma sensitivity that might be shared between PTSD and MDD, although replication with better powered GWAS is needed. Our findings corroborate previous research highlighting trauma exposure as a key risk factor for recurrent MDD.

Background Geriatric hospital wards are highly medicalised environments with limited opportunities for choice and control, and can be distressing for older survivors of psychological trauma. While trauma-informed models of care (TIC) are effectively applied across mental health and other settings, the utility of these models in aged care settings has not been assessed. The objective of this study was to examine whether TIC can reduce responsive behaviour, chemical restraint, and improve staff skills and patient experiences in inpatient geriatric settings. Methods Four wards participated in this type I hybrid implementation-effectiveness study across southern Adelaide, Australia, including 79 beds. Using a co-design method, the principles of TIC were transformed into an implementation strategy including staff training, establishment of highly trained ‘champions’ on each ward, screening for trauma-related needs, and amending ward policies and procedures. Primary outcomes will be examined using an interrupted time-series design and are monthly incidence of responsive behaviour incidents and use of chemical restraint. Process evaluation will be used to examine secondary, implementation outcomes including the acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity to the implementation strategy. Discussion Trauma-informed care has potential to improve the safety and accessibility of hospital wards for older people who have survived psychologically traumatic events and has an extensive evidence base supporting its effectiveness in other settings. Identifying trauma-related needs and amending care to reduce the risk of re-traumatisation and distress may also reduce the incidence of responsive behaviour change, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of hospital patients and staff and is very costly. The inclusion of a process evaluation will allow us to identify and report changes made on each ward and make recommendations for future implementation efforts.

It is obvious that a person suffers from severe emotional, social, and psychological trauma when an eye is lost due to any reason. After evisceration, custom made ocular prosthesis can be used to improve facial aesthetics as well as social representation of that person. It is always a challenge to properly fabricate an alternate to the lost eye. But after fabrication, it certainly improves psychological satisfaction of the patient. In this case report, it is attempted to show how a patient was aesthetically rehabilitated with an ocular prosthesis. Key words: Ocular prosthesis, Ocular conformer, Scleral shell.

The aim of this study was to investigate symptomatology and diagnoses of PTSD and subthreshold PTSD and the screening properties of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) within a sample of Dari-speaking women of refugee background receiving antenatal care. This cross-sectional study administered the HTQ to 52 Dari-speaking women at a public pregnancy clinic. The trauma module from the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-5) was administered. Interview material was presented to an expert panel, blinded to the HTQ screening results, in order to achieve consensus diagnoses of PTSD using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) criteria. Three women (5.8%) met DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Eleven women (21.15%) met criteria for subthreshold PTSD, defined as meeting two or three of the DSM-5 criteria domains. A comparison of HTQ cut-off scores was conducted and a score of ≥ 2.25 on the HTQ demonstrated excellent sensitivity 1.00 (95% CI 0.29-1.00) and specificity 0.76 (95% CI 0.61-0.87) in detecting PTSD; however, a wide confidence interval for sensitivity was found. A cut-off score of ≥ 2 provided the best balance of sensitivity 1.00 (95% CI 0.72-1.00) and specificity 0.80 (95% CI 0.65-0.91) when assessing for subthreshold PTSD. Screening for perinatal PTSD for women of refugee background is recommended, in order to identify those at risk of DSM diagnosis and also those women experiencing distressing PTSD symptomatology.

INTRODUCTION: Accumulating evidence shows that those having experienced psychological trauma have increased risk of complex health problems. In primary health care health-promoting services are offered to individuals with complex health problems, based on an individualized approach. Trauma focused approach in healthcare help individuals increase quality of life after psychological trauma. Trauma focused services are important to help improve quality of life after psychological trauma. To examine the experience of psychological trauma and health-related problems in individuals receiving health-promoting services. METHOD: Qualitative research based on the Vancouver School of phenomenology. Participants were ten, five male and five female, selected through health-promoting services. Two interviews were taken with each participant. The ACE questionnaire was used, as a screening tool for childhood psychological trauma, combined with interview-frame with open questions. RESULTS: The results were divided into six main themes: Experience of trauma; Repeated trauma; Childhood neglect; Health-related problems in child- and adulthood; Psychiatric problems in child- and adulthood; Processing and trauma-focused approach. Participants had experienced conciderable trauma as well as complex health problems in child- and adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: It is of importance that healthcare professionals pay attention to psychological traumas in relation to complex health problems to provide support for recovery. Primary health care is the first place of contact within the health care system and therefore it is important that patients‘ experience of trauma is taken into account. It is key to identify the signs of lifetime trauma in relation to health problems and focus the care according to the individual needs of the patient.

Objective. To assess the cognitive and emotional-affective spheres of functioning of patients with a new coronavirus infection who were treated in an infectious COVID hospital and to develop strategies for emergency psychological assistance.Materials and methods. The study sample consisted of patients admitted to the Center for the treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) of I.P.Pavlov First St.-Petersburg State Medical University, who were assigned a consultation with a medical psychologist.Results. The predictors of more pronounced cognitive decline were determined: older age and severity of the disease, as well as predictors of a higher level of anxiety and depressive symptoms: younger age, previous traumatic situation and more severe course of the disease. Three main problem areas have been identified that require psychological intervention in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: cognitive impairment, high anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with psychological trauma of patients, conflicting or non-adherent patients.

Given the co-occurrence of substance use disorder (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder, existing SUD treatment programs are integrating the treatment of psychological trauma into their programmi...

COVID-19, the global pandemic of the decade was declared as an overall health emergency of national and international concern on 30th of January 2020 by World Health Organization.It created a worldwide panic during the recent times. Millions of new cases were being reported daily and considerable mortality was reported.The psychological trauma of loss of near and dear ones and fear and anxiety of isolation affected the attitude of general population towards healthcare workers and professionals.This COVID-19 pandemic is provoking social stigma big time and peculiar behaviour against person of a particular kind of background and also as somebody thought to have being with contact of the virus.In some instance when in the pandemic like condition the incidence of psychosocially morbid are always seems much more than in comparison to normal. The present condition which has been because of former virus, pandemic is causing some increasing worry, emotional stress and fright within population and various groups across the world. This study has attempted to compile the episodes of discrimination against COVID warriors and different aspects of managing psychosocial influences.

COVID-19 has proved to be a factor to cause excessive anxiety among people. The group affected includes a wide population from people who were living in their homes with their families, who were living alone, people working from home, also includes healthcare workers, patients and their relatives. The lack of information about anxiety disorders and the way to deal with it would cause a long-term effect on the people across the world.Lockdown, quarantines, social distancing, wearing mask became the 'New Normal'. The fear of virus made us more sick mentally. Based on evolution, we are social animals. Desire for socialization is the primary motivator for us to constantly connect with each other. While running within chaos and spending hours for work, socializing has been a vent. It helps us relax and ease our pain. A sudden stoppage to be able to talk it out has let all the stress to accumulate. So while working on prevention of the spread of Covid-19, measures need to be taken to reduce depression, anxiety and stress among the general population.This article tries to reflect on the psychological trauma which Covid-19 inflicted throughout the world.

Objective To determine whether patients who experienced their first psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES) at 50 years or older differed from those who developed PNES at a younger age, in terms of demographic, social/clinical as well as psychological measures. Background The typical age for PNES onset is roughly between 20 and 40 years of age. Only a handful of studies have examined samples with PNES onset at an older age and therefore information about these individuals is limited. Methods This is a retrospective study of 75 consecutive individuals who developed (video EEG-confirmed diagnosis) PNES before age 50 years and 55 consecutive individuals who developed PNES at 50 years or more. Patients were examined on demographics (age, education, working and relationship status), clinical (seizure frequency, trauma type: sexual, multiple trauma, and health-related traumatic experiences), and self-report measures(Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Quality of Life Inventory in Epilepsy-31). Results Patients who had experienced sexual trauma were likelier to develop PNES at an earlier age. Those who experienced “health problems pre-PNES onset” were likelier to develop PNES at an older age. On psychological measures, it was noted that after adjusting for the covariate effects, those with elevations in Avoidance (CISS) were likelier to develop PNES at an earlier age. and those with elevations in QOLIE31 cognitive complaints were likelier to be in the older cohort. Conclusions No matter at what age PNES presented, patients reported markedly high rates of exposure to psychological trauma (single and multiple), similarly elevated unemployment rates and low quality of life. The groups with different age of onset differed in the type of trauma experienced prior to the development of PNES. In addition, the younger onset group demonstrated a significantly higher use of avoidance as a stress-coping strategy.

This study examines how students from rural areas in Bangladesh face particular challenges in adapting to university dormitories in urban areas. There has been an increase in the number of students migrating from rural areas of Bangladesh to the cities for pursuing higher studies. These students face numerous challenges to adapt themselves to a diverse and unfamiliar cultural setting of an urban university dormitory. Following Oberg’s (1954, 1960) “culture shock” model, this study examines the adaptation challenges and coping strategies of rural students living at the urban university dormitories in Bangladesh. Mixed research methods, using paper-based questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, were used to collect data. Drawing upon a survey among 400 students and 10 in-depth interviews, this study identifies specific challenges that most students face in their adaptation process such as, substandard food quality, unhealthy accommodation, psychological trauma, depression and anxiety. The most effective coping mechanisms are fostering a positive attitude, joining social associations and talking to friends and families. It is expected that findings of this study would be useful for tertiary educational institutions to develop a support system that will help rural students better adapt to urban settings, which would positively contribute to their educational outcomes.

Hypo-pigmentation of skin, although is not a life threatening disease, but is considered to be a social stigma, so invariably associated with significant psychological trauma and social isolation [1]. Pityriasis Alba is one of the cause of secondary hypo-pigmentation. Others include Pityriasis Versicolour, Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis, Phenylketonuria etc. It is a type of eczema presenting as de-pigmented areas on the face, particularly in children, with or without scale [2]. Even though it is commonly encountered in dermatological practice, there is paucity of Indian studies on the subject.3A case presented in this paper of 23 years old female suffering from Pityriasis Alba of 3 months duration. The lesion started with a reddish popular lesion on lateral aspect both the elbow joint. In 3-4 days, it started converting into pale patches. An individualized homoeopathic medicine, Ignatia Amara was prescribed followed by Bacillinum which showed complete resolution of the disease. This case report suggests homoeopathic treatment as a promising complementary or alternative therapy in such type of skin lesion. Hypo-pigmentation of skin, although is not a life threatening disease, but is considered to be a social stigma, so invariably associated with significant psychological trauma and social isolation [1]. Pityriasis Alba is one of the cause of secondary hypo-pigmentation. Others include Pityriasis Versicolour, Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis, Phenylketonuria etc. It is a type of eczema presenting as de-pigmented areas on the face, particularly in children, with or without scale [2]. Even though it is commonly encountered in dermatological practice, there is paucity of Indian studies on the subject.3A case presented in this paper of 23 years old female suffering from Pityriasis Alba of 3 months duration. The lesion started with a reddish popular lesion on lateral aspect both the elbow joint. In 3-4 days, it started converting into pale patches. An individualized homoeopathic medicine, Ignatia Amara was prescribed followed by Bacillinum which showed complete resolution of the disease. This case report suggests homoeopathic treatment as a promising complementary or alternative therapy in such type of skin lesion.

Being a cross‐cultural systemic therapist, clinical supervisor, and educator means that culture and language are central to my work They provide a scaffold to develop deeper understanding, increased trust, and connection between myself and my supervisees, students, and clients and facilitate a process for the latter to connect to their own selves and values Given the fear and uncertainty generated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, there exists a pervasive activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the community In this article, I present two case studies as examples of a cross‐cultural/cross‐linguistic approach that facilitates two clients to find a place of comfort and calmness and consequently a balancing activation of the para‐sympathetic nervous system First is a client who, due to the overwhelming pandemic chaos, suddenly exhibited a host of signs and symptoms of a functional neurological nature, which she experienced as a lack of control and disconnection from her body, her primary language, and herself Within a trusted therapeutic relationship that draws on the culture and primary language of the therapist, the client regains connection with language and enhances her ability to communicate and connect with her body Second is an international student who is encouraged to use her culture of origin and primary language to induce calmness, reconnect with herself, and return to the familiar as a ‘known’ collectively inclusive, comforting, and nurturing environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

International audience; Eye movements and alternating stimuli for brain integration (MOSAIC) is a promising but untested new therapy. Its four-step protocol is based on the effects of bilateral alternating stimulation (BAS) (as in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy) on the brain. This solution-oriented therapy promotes experiencing solutions through bodily sensations. Through BAS and bodily sensations, MOSAIC therapy aims to enrich the traumatic memory neuronal network with new information so that the client's psychological trauma is no longer distressing. Thus, MOSAIC can be used to treat psychological trauma without the pain associated with reliving the traumatic situation. This method may be particularly adaptive for patients who have experienced complex trauma and who have dissociative experiences.

Dyspnea is an uncomfortable sensation with the potential to cause psychological trauma. Patients presenting with acute respiratory failure, particularly when tidal volume is restricted during mechanical ventilation, may experience the most distressing form of dyspnea known as air hunger. Air hunger activates brain pathways known to be involved in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. These conditions are considered part of the post-intensive care syndrome. These sequelae may be even more prevalent among patients with ARDS. Low tidal volume, a mainstay of modern therapy for ARDS, is difficult to avoid and is likely to cause air hunger despite sedation. Adjunctive neuromuscular blockade does not prevent or relieve air hunger, but it does prevent the patient from communicating discomfort to caregivers. Consequently, paralysis may also contribute to the development of PTSD. Although research has identified post-ARDS PTSD as a cause for concern, and investigators have taken steps to quantify the burden of disease, there is little information to guide mechanical ventilation strategies designed to reduce its occurrence. We suggest such efforts will be more successful if they are directed at the known mechanisms of air hunger. Investigation of the antidyspnea effects of sedative and analgesic drugs commonly used in the ICU and their impact on post-ARDS PTSD symptoms is a logical next step. Although in practice we often accept negative consequences of life-saving therapies as unavoidable, we must understand the negative sequelae of our therapies and work to minimize them under our primary directive to "first, do no harm" to patients.

Individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) smoke cigarettes at much higher prevalences than the general population. Less is known about PTSD and other smoking behaviors (e.g., smoking quantity and frequency) or about smoking among individuals who experience trauma. Objective To examine differences in cigarette smoking behaviors among adults in the United States (a) with no exposure to trauma or PTSD, (b) with trauma but no PTSD, and (c) with PTSD. Methods Data came from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-II (NESARC-II, 2004-2005) and included demographics, PTSD diagnoses, traumatic events, and smoking behaviors. Odds ratios and group differences in smoking prevalence and behaviors based on PTSD diagnoses and exposure to traumatic experiences were calculated. Results Traumatic events and PTSD diagnoses were both associated with greater smoking prevalences than persons without trauma or PTSD. Individuals with PTSD who smoke were more likely to report daily smoking than those without PTSD who smoke (Cohen's d = 0.19). Cigarette users with either trauma or PTSD smoked more cigarettes per day than cigarette users without trauma or PTSD (Cohen's d = 0.35). US adults with trauma exposure or PTSD have higher smoking prevalences and more intense smoking behaviors than those without PTSD or trauma. Conclusion Trauma or PTSD may each serve as a clinical indicator of increased risk of cigarette smoking-related health problems and prompt the implementation of targeted interventions to reduce the harms of smoking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective There is little evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more likely to follow traumatic events defined by Criterion A than non-Criterion A stressors. Criterion A events might have greater predictive validity for International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 PTSD, which is a condition more narrowly defined by core features. We evaluated the impact of using Criterion A, an expanded trauma definition in line with ICD-11 guidelines, and no exposure criterion on rates of ICD-11 PTSD and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). We also assessed whether 5 psychologically threatening events included in the expanded definition were as strongly associated with PTSD and CPTSD as standard Criterion A events. Method A nationally representative sample from Ireland (N = 1,020) completed self-report measures. Results Most participants were trauma-exposed based on Criterion A (82%) and the expanded (88%) criterion. When no exposure criterion was used, 13.7% met diagnostic requirements for PTSD or CPTSD, 13.2% when the expanded criterion was used, and 13.2% when Criterion A was used. The 5 psychologically threatening events were as strongly associated with PTSD and CPTSD as the Criterion A events. In a multivariate analysis, only the psychologically threatening events were significantly associated with PTSD (stalking) and CPTSD (bullying, emotional abuse, and neglect). Conclusions Certain non-Criterion A events involving extreme fear and horror should be considered traumatic. The ICD-11 approach of providing clinical guidance rather than a formal definition offers a viable solution to some of the problems associated with the current and previous attempts to define traumatic exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective This article aims to verify whether a cognitive treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) adapted to elderly subjects can lead to long-term improvement in symptomatology and quality of life. Method We present a longitudinal study of 32 subjects over the age of 65 years, with no cognitive impairment or mild impairment, residing in two nursing homes. We compare a target group (n = 16) with PTSD treated with 20 CBT sessions and a control group (n = 16) with PTSD without symptom treatment. The two groups are compared in four stages: (T1) before treatment of the target group's PTSD, (T2) after treatment of PTSD, (T3) after six months of follow-up and (T4) after 18 months of follow-up. The absence of cognitive impairment is verified with the MMSE. The evolution of PTSD is monitored with the CAPS. The evolution of the quality of life of the subjects in the target group is verified with the ADRQL. Results If both groups show elevated PTSD symptoms at the beginning of the study (T1), the signs of PTSD disappear for the target group at the end of treatment (T2) at the same time as quality of life improves (scores more than doubled). These improvements continue for more than 18 months (T4). Conversely, the control group retains high PTSD symptoms, without significant decrease over time. Conclusion The treatment of PTSD by cognitive-behavioural therapy adapted to elderly people without cognitive impairment, or with mild cognitive or memory disorders, allows for a lasting disappearance of symptoms and an improvement in quality of life.

Objective Exposure to traumatic life events is associated with increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems such as suicidal ideation (SI), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and decreased quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness, which involves attending to the present moment, may help individuals cope with traumatic events by increasing acceptance of trauma-related experiences and decreasing trauma-related negative affect and avoidance of trauma reminders. The current study evaluated whether mindful attention to the present moment mediated the association between number of lifetime traumas and mental health. Method The sample consisted of 1,268 trauma-exposed U.S. veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative study of U.S. veterans. On average, the sample was 60.6 years of age (SD = 15.2, range = 20-94), predominantly male (89.8%), Caucasian (75.0%), and noncombat veterans (59.2%). Results Path analyses revealed that mindfulness partially mediated the relation between number of lifetime traumas and PTSD symptoms (β = -.55), AUD (β = -.17), and QOL (β = .38), and fully mediated the relation between number of lifetime traumas and SI (β = -.36). Conclusions The relationship between lifetime trauma burden and various mental health issues of relevance to U.S. veterans may be mediated by mindfulness, or the ability to pay attention to the present moment. Interventions that bolster mindfulness may help mitigate the negative impact of cumulative traumas in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study (Felitti et al., 1998) has led to an understanding of how exposure to abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction in childhood are related to subsequent physical and mental health problems. These issues are important to consider during the perinatal period, with studies indicating that pregnant women who report adverse experiences in childhood may be at risk of experiencing mental health and substance use problems. This study examined the association of pregnant women's ACEs with symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and substance use, and examined the potential buffering effect of women's resilience against the deleterious effects of ACES on mental health and substance use. Women reported on ACES, mental health symptoms, substance use, and resilience when they were screened for participation in a perinatal psychosocial support intervention, which was integrated into obstetrical clinics in a Southern academic medical center. Almost a quarter of the 303 women in this sample reported four or more ACEs, indicating significant risk. Those reporting more overall ACEs also reported more symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress, and increased risk of tobacco use. Unique effects of specific ACEs subtypes were also found. Women exposed to child maltreatment reported more anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and were at risk for tobacco, cannabis, or opioid use during pregnancy. Women exposed to household dysfunction reported more posttraumatic stress symptoms and were at increased risk of tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy. Women's resilience attenuated effects of household dysfunction on posttraumatic stress symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction We would like to present the case of a young patient with acute stress disorder and recurrent nightmares following the psychological trauma caused by a severe road traffic accident. The comprehensive therapy carried out at the Department of Traumatology included medication, trauma processing and a psychological method whose aim is to cease the development of nightmares. Case Presentation Psychiatric assessment and treatment was asked for a polytraumatised female patient at the Intensive Care Unit after she had undergone a neurosurgical intervention. Her medicinal treatment was continued at the Department of Traumatology. Besides the antidepressant venlafaxine she was treated in accordance with the EMDR protocol for acute stress disorder, and we also applied imagery rescripting to prevent her from having recurrent (daily) nightmares. As a result of the therapy, her symptoms were fast relieved, the nightmares stopped almost instantly, her mood improved, rumination and anxiety decreased significantly. Conclusions In view of the fast and significant symptomatic improvement, we can expect that the EMDR therapy and its protocol for acute stress disorder have successfully reactivated information processing, and besides the subjective relief we have managed to prevent a mental crisis that could lead to a suicide risk as well as the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. We also hope that the improvement will be long-lasting.

Objective: Memory problems are a frequent complaint in neuropsychological settings, particularly among individuals in mid-to-late adulthood and those who have experienced neurological insult (e.g., head trauma; Bay et al., 2012; Lezak et al., 2004; Wammes et al., 2017). Neuropsychiatric comorbidities that influence cognitive functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress) are also common among neuropsychological patients, which can challenge interpreting etiology and predicting prognosis (Campbell et al., 2009; Reischies & Neu, 2000). Prolonged trauma exposure is associated with brain abnormalities in regions that subserve memory and executive functions (Daniels et al., 2016; Woon et al., 2010). Furthermore, a subgroup of individuals with trauma exposure experience dissociative symptoms, which can also interfere with memory and performing goal-directed behaviors (Bergouignan et al., 2014; Brewin et al., 2013; Ozdemir et al., 2015). Method: In this article, we focus on symptoms that are consistent with dissociation and present three case studies of trauma-exposed women who were referred for neuropsychological testing following complaints of memory decline. Results: Formal neuropsychological testing did not fully support the degree of amnestic symptoms reported. Based upon the complex pattern of results, we propose a potential hypothesis for consideration: the dissociative interference hypothesis. Conclusions: For all three women presented, dissociation was a common symptom that may have contributed to an exacerbation of memory failures and amnestic experiences. Thus, interventions targeted at increasing awareness, rather than withdrawal, during times of stress may lead to a reduction in their memory complaints. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis, a fateful fungal infection which was commonly known to affect the immunocompromised patients, is now thriving in conjunction with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical intervention are the key factors to extricate the patients. However, this leads to abundant hard and soft tissue loss, leaving behind a huge orofacial defect, along with certain morbidities and psychological trauma, necessitating surgical and prosthodontic rehabilitation. The present paper reviews on role of prosthodontist in various stages of treatment for mucormycosis patients. It also summarizes several treatment modalities including recent trends to rehabilitate the defect and restore the patients’ quality of life.

Introduction Opioid Use Disorders (OUD) cause great disfunction and pain to individuals, families, and societies. There are few good treatments. This paper presents a novel, easily applied, painless, therapy that can be applied as an adjunct to psychotherapies and medications. Methods The author presents a retrospective overview and 4 brief case reports. Two are typical of very positively responsive patients, one is of a positively but not remarkably responsive patient, and one of a non-responsive patient. The author used unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (UtPBM), near infrared mode, applied to the hemisphere with the more positive hemispheric emotional valence (HEV) as a treatment to augment the patients' usual treatment. Results The case reports are from 42 consecutive patients in his practice with OUD where he has given 382 treatments over 18 months, as needed. The author's subjective clinical observations were that of the 42 patients, 26 (62%) consistently had responses to the UtPBM (as described in the case reports) that were easily observable to the patient and the author as strikingly beneficial, 8 (19%) had helpful, but not remarkable responses, and 8 (19%) had no noticeable response. These 3 characterizations will be illustrated with clinical examples. There were no side-effects reported or observed aside from 2 women who experienced anxiety which resolved with psychotherapy. Conclusions Using UtPBM as an adjunctive treatment to the author's usual in-depth psychotherapy and medication management, he found subjectively that for the majority of his patients, this treatment was a valuable, safe benefit to their treatment for OUD.

Sport and recreation infrastructure was a central factor in the promotion of resident wellbeing at Pelican Lake Indian Residential School. Quite remarkably, sport and recreation amenities were primarily intended by local administrators to promote the resident’s social and psychological well-being—and not their physical health. School administrators focused their efforts on building a gymnasium that they believed would enhance school life and better care for youth by creating a sense of “home.” This article explores the complexities and contradictions of recreational activities that were often used by residents to improve and support their well-being, although they were experienced within an institution that was frequently a foundation of social and psychological trauma.

Contains fulltext : 230530.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Regulating social emotional actions is essential for coping with life stressors and is associated with control by the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) over the amygdala. However, it remains unclear to what extent prefrontal emotion regulation capacities contribute to resilience against developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Here, 185 police recruits who experienced their core trauma in the line of duty participated in a prospective longitudinal study. Pre- and post-trauma, they performed a well-established functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach-avoidance task, mapping impulsive and controlled emotional actions. Higher baseline aPFC, dorsal and medial frontal pole activity was related to lower PTSD symptoms after trauma exposure. aPFC activity predicted symptom development over and above self-reported and behavioural measures. Trauma exposure, but not trauma symptoms, predicted amygdala activation at follow-up. These findings suggest that prefrontal emotion regulation activity predicts increased resilience against developing post-traumatic stress symptoms and may provide fruitful starting points for prediction and intervention studies. 10 p.

The article summarizes empirical studies on the problem of genetic predisposition to post-traumatic stress disorder. It is showed that the development of some symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder is caused by neurobiological mechanisms, the functioning of which depends on the expression of specific genes. Differences in the effectiveness of the use of certain types of psychological assistance can also be associated with the influence of genetic factors. A review of the most relevant patterns is presented. More specifically, this is the effect of the gene of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as the genes of serotonergic (SLC6A4, SLC6A3), dopaminergic (DRD2, COMT), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (FKBP5, ADCYAP1) systems on the manifestation of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Based on the results of genome-wide association studies, assumptions are made about the role of genes (RORA, NLGN1, TLL-1, PARK2, PODXL, SH3RF3, and ZDHHC14) in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. The issue of the applicability of genetic testing in the practice of psychological assistance to individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder is considered. The question of the applicability of genetic testing to improve the diagnosis and development of a personalized strategy for clinical and psychological intervention is discussed.

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide, also in northern Ghana. The aim of this study was to identify factors contributing to the rising trend in teenage pregnancy and the resultant effects. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a quasi-structured questionnaire on 60 pregnant teenagers. Demographic data and factors associated with teenage pregnancy were collected/analyzed. Results: The mean age of respondents was 17.25 ± 1.93 years. Junior high school students or graduates accounted for 55%. About 35% of participants dropped out of school due to pregnancy. The following factors were identified to be associated with teenage pregnancy: low socio-economic status, no/less sexual- and reproductive-communication with parents, low level of education, no sexual and reproductive health knowledge, and unsafe sexual behaviours. The consequences of teenage pregnancy identified were: truncation of the girls’ education, psychological trauma, and worsening family relationships. The following health consequences were identified; anaemia in pregnancy, severe malaria, hypertension in pregnancy, and prolonged labour. Conclusion: The following factors may account for the rising trend in teenage pregnancy in this area: family-related problem, sociocultural factors, low education level, and the lack of adequate knowledge on reproductive health. Teenage pregnancy caused several problems in themselves and their family members.

Psychological trauma impacts two-thirds of Americans, suggesting that many intensive care unit (ICU) patients have a history of trauma. Our manuscript calls for translating the well-established system of trauma-informed care to the ICU setting – an approach we term “trauma-informed intensive care.” While trauma-informed approaches are being increasingly applied in medical settings such as emergency departments and burn units, the ICU is often overlooked, despite the fact that the ICU environment may be perceived as particularly threatening to those who have experienced trauma. Now is an ideal time to advance efforts for trauma-informed intensive care, given heightened public attention to the ICU experience as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trauma-informed intensive care may promote more positive patient experiences and support patient recovery from critical illness.

Received 12th May 2021. Accepted 17th May 2021. Published online 28th May 2021. Issue published 1st August 2021.

In healthcare, it is not uncommon for neurodiagnostic technologists to provide care and testing for patients who are in restraints or in need of restraints. When properly used, restraints ensure patient safety and the safety of others while allowing the continuation of life saving tests and treatments. Oversight for restraint use is provided by outside agencies such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and The Joint Commission (TJC). Improper use of restraints can lead to serious sanctions by both organizations and can negatively impact patients, leaving them with emotional and psychological trauma. The process of restraint management such as ordering, implementing, or monitoring restrained patients is not within the scope of practice for neurodiagnostic technologists. Restraints should only be utilized as a last resort for the safety of the patient to receive proper care. This paper seeks to inform Technologists on what does and does not constitute a restraint, and the factors that should be considered before making the decision to request use of restraints in order to perform neurodiagnostic testing.

Background Surgery may possibly be undermined by psychologic, psychiatric and psychosomatic problems, as long as these problems interfere with a patient’s capacity to cope with surgery adaptively. Recent studies have shown that interpersonal trauma, e.g. abuse or neglect, and its correlates are involved in the adaptation to surgery. This observation is heuristically coherent, given the respective traumatization is an interpersonal event occurring in a relationship. Notably, surgery inevitably leads to the violation of physical boundaries within a doctor-patient relationship. Based on the principles of psycho-traumatologic thinking, such a constellation is deemed qualified to activate posttraumatic symptoms in the traumatized. Method The present topical review summarizes the respective findings which point to a subgroup of patients undergoing surgery, in whom difficulty bearing tension and confiding in others may cause adaptive problems relevant to surgery. Although this theorizing is empirically substantiated primarily with respect to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a pubmed-research reveals psychopathologic distress to occur prior to surgery beyond TKA. Likewise, posttraumatic distress occurs in large numbers in the context of several operations, including cardiac, cancer and hernia surgery. Conclusion Aspects of psychological trauma may be linked to the outcomes of general surgery, as well, e.g. biliary, hernia or appendix surgery. The mechanisms possibly involved in this process are outlined in terms of a hierarchical organization of specific anxiety and negative affect as well as in terms of psychodynamics which imply the unconscious action of psychologic defenses at their core. Implications Not least, we encourage the screening for trauma and its correlates including defenses prior to general surgery in order to identify surgical candidates at risk of, e.g. chronic postoperative pain, before the operation.

Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in private or public life as defined by United Nations.Violence against women is a world-wide problem and this study focused on clearing the factors in the Egyptian capital that are associated with this phenomenon during the pregnancy through asking cases who get exposed to violence during this period, and to name the common sequelae and complications due to exposure to different types of violence. Those cases visited the Gynaecology and Obstetric clinic at Kasr -Al Aini hospital during February 2018. There are serious complications of violence during pregnancy but the psychological affection seems to be the main problem after exposure to violence in this special period of female life and of course this needs a lot of support and long-term rehabilitation. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done through spreading a simple formatted questionnaire among 218 women who were receiving antenatal care or those visiting the gynecology outpatient clinic at Kasr Al-Ainy teaching hospital through February 2018. Results: the study showed that the physical form of violence (77.4%) was more common than sexual form. Regarding exposure to physical violence; hematoma was the commonest complication (82.4%). In most of cases (94%), exposure to violence affected the violated women mostly in the form of permanent psychological trauma. Recommendations: more researches on different types of violence against women are necessary in different periods of women life as well as different social levels and more empowerment of women is recommended. KEY WORDS: Gender based violence, violence during pregnancy, suffering to women, complications

Aim The aim of the study was to identify the specifics of the emotional state of internal affairs officers while performing their duties under the COVID-19 pandemic conditions Material and methods An empirical survey of 371 police officers of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Moscow was conducted Three groups were identified: I - 127 policemen, who had positive result of testing and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, which occurred in mild and medium severity forms, they underwent inpatient and outpatient treatment;II - 118 policemen - healthy persons, who had no clinical manifestations of COVID-19, but were released from their duties as contact with the diseased;III - 126 persons - healthy policemen who were not released of their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic, who carried out public order protection services in places with large crowds of people (street patrols, subway duty, etc ) We conducted a survey using an original questionnaire We used a battery of psychological tests regulated by the Russian Interior Ministry to identify signs of psycho-emotional maladaptation in law enforcement officers In order to comply with the requirements of anti-epidemic measures, all of the methods used were performed remotely via electronic digital resources Statistical processing of the study results was carried out using the SPSS 23 0 program In the course of analysis of quantitative data with normal distribution, the Student's parametric t-criterion for independent samples was used Mann - Whitney non-parametric criterion was used for distribution of observation results different from the normal Results and discussion It was shown that the emotional state of law enforcement officers who have experienced the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is characterized by an increased level of personal anxiety and a tendency to develop misadaptive behavioral reactions;released from their duties as contact persons with the disease have anxious-phobic symptoms;healthy policemen who were not released from their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic and continued to serve as public order officers in crowded areas are prone to unconstructive forms of stress response Conclusion It is offered to develop differentiated person-oriented rehabilitation programs for prevention of conditions of psychological trauma in employees of internal affairs bodies that will promote increase of their personal reliability and prevent the development of deeper disturbances of mental activity

Background Perceived stress during pregnancy is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Antenatal perceived stress is still unaware and under-diagnosed during routine antenatal care. There has not yet been a study of prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women living in urban areas in Thailand. Understanding antenatal perceived stress is important to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective To identify the prevalence, associated factors, and predictive factors of perceived stress in pregnant women living in an urban area. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire which included demographic data, obstetric data, serious life event data, and a Thai language version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (T-PSS-10) to assess perceived stress symptoms. Results Of a total 403 pregnant women, the prevalence of perceived stress symptoms in antenatal pregnant women was 23.6%. Perceived stress symptoms were significantly associated with divorce (p=0.001), separation from spouse (p=0.005), physical or psychological trauma from family (p=0.005), marital conflict (p

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease with no exact laboratory or imaging findings. IBS is more common in areas with a history of psychological trauma and war. This study aims to report the prevalence and possible determinants of IBS in southwestern Iran, an area with a notable history of war. Methods: We randomly enrolled 1849 permanent residents in 29 cities aged 20 to 65 years. A validated for Farsi version Rome III criteria and a questionnaire, including demographic data and health history, were administered to each subject. Participants who fulfilled the Rome III criteria were categorized into three groups: Diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), Constipation dominant (IBS-C), and Mixed type (IBS-M). Results: The total prevalence of IBS was 3.2%, with 70% of subjects being of Arab descent (P=0.004). IBS was more common in females, singles, illiterate subjects, and people younger than 30 years; however, none of these differences were statistically significant. People with depression, anxiety, self-report of psychological disorders, and very low socioeconomic status had a significantly higher prevalence of IBS (PConclusion: This study shows a higher prevalence of IBS symptoms in a population-based study in the region compared to counterparts in other regions of Iran. Considering the higher prevalence of self-reported psychological disorders, further studies are recommended to focus on the exact diagnosis of mental disorders and their influence on IBS.

The authors of this chapter describe how leadership educators can create community engagement experiences to foster student leadership. The authors center social justice, critical race theory, and trauma informed practices in order to advocate for justice and equity with communities and students.