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Argumenta-se que experiências de trabalho associado, no âmbito da Economia Solidária, promovem uma qualificação profissional ampliada dos trabalhadores que, por sua vez, gera tensões e complementações com saberes e valores produzidos em trajetórias de trabalho pregressas, incluindo significados e sentidos atribuídos à categoria profissão. A pesquisa, referência para o texto, objetivou conhecer e compreender como vivências de trabalho marcam a qualificação de pessoas que escolheram trabalhar de forma associada e solidária. O referente empírico são trajetórias de trabalhadores de uma cooperativa de confecção do sul do Brasil, captadas por entrevistas narrativas. O conceito de qualificação profissional ampliada é de ALANIZ (2003) e serviram de orientação os estudos sobre profissão de FRANZOI (2006).

Purpose Building on encapsulated interest account and motivated cognition account, this study aims to investigate how channel members extend trust in a channel leader when the channel leader applies various non-coercive power sources (e.g. referent, expert, legitimate and reward power). Besides, the study explored the changes in channel members’ trust in a channel leader when each non-coercive power source is coupled with coercive power sources. Design/methodology/approach Using survey items from previously validated scales, the study collected responses from 237 channel members of 3 paint distribution channels in India. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling and multi-group moderation analysis techniques. Findings Findings indicated that expert and reward power sources enhance trust in channel leaders while affective commitment mediates the effects of all the non-coercive power sources on trust. Further, coercive power weakens the effects of expert power on trust. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a cross-sectional survey and confines to the paint industry in India. Replicating this study in other countries and industries will better generalise the study’s findings. Practical implications The study recommends that channel managers use power sources to build trust in channel leaders. Consequently, they will be able to emphasise those specific power sources while developing channel management strategies. Originality/value The study contributes to a greater understanding of the power-trust relationship.

We examined the effects of drawing on correct and false recognition within the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm. In Experiment 1, we compared drawing of a word’s referent using either a standard black pencil or coloured pencils relative to a read-only control group. Relative to reading, drawing in either black or coloured pencil similarly boosted correct recognition and reduced false recognition. Signal-detection analyses indicated that drawing reduced the amount of encoded memory information for critical lures and increased monitoring, indicating that both processes contributed to the false recognition reduction. Experiment 2 compared drawing of individual images of DRM list items relative to drawing integrated images using sets of DRM list items. False recognition was lower for drawing of individual images relative to integrated images—a pattern that reflected a decrease in encoded memory information but not monitoring. Therefore, drawing individual images improves memory accuracy in the DRM paradigm relative to a standard read-control task and an integrated-drawing task, which we argue is due to the recruitment of item-specific processing.

People who use drugs (PWUDs) are the main group at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission and a key population for hepatitis C elimination. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings were set up in France in December 2014 within regional reference centers to supervise the prescriptions and delivery of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to optimize the management of HCV infection. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the changes in the profile and therapeutic care of PWUDs with HCV mono-infection according to the evolution of MDT meetings in a regional tertiary reference center.Between 2015 and 2019, overall 1912 HCV-infected patients presented at the MDT meetings, 547 were PWUDs with HCV mono-infection treated with DAAs. Five periods were defined according to the evolution of MDT meetings. The profile and management of PWUDs were compared among these five periods.Over time, the frequency of advanced stage of fibrosis decreased from 90.8 to 36.3% (P 0.001), whereas the therapeutic care of the patients in primary addictology centers and networks of general practitioners increased from 17.4 to 55% (P 0.001). The frequency of excessive alcohol consumption varied between 9.1 and 30% (P = 0.003) and that of opioid substitution therapy between 42.5 and 70% (P 0.001). The Sustained virologic response assessed 12 weeks after the end of treatment rate was above 95% for the five periods.Between 2015 and 2019, the changes in the profile and management of PWUDs have followed the evolution of MDT meetings concerning patients with less advanced fibrosis and more therapeutic hepatitis C care made by the primary care centers.

Pull Requests (PRs) are a frequently used method for proposing changes to source code repositories. When discussing proposed changes in a PR discussion, stakeholders often reference a wide variety of information objects for establishing shared awareness and common ground. Previous work has not considered how the referential behavior impacts collaborative software development via PRs. This knowledge gap is the major barrier in evaluating the current support for referencing in PRs and improving them. We conducted an explorative analysis of \textasciitilde7K references, collected from 450 public PRs on GitHub, and constructed taxonomies of referent types and expressions. Using our annotated dataset, we identified several patterns in the use of references. Referencing source code elements was prevalent but the authoring interface lacks support for it. Three classes of contextual factors influence referencing behaviors: referent type, discussion thread, and project attributes. Referencing patterns may indicate PR outcomes (e.g., merged PRs frequently reference issues, users, and tests). We conclude with design implications to support more effective referencing in PR discussion interfaces.

This study examines the behavior of consumer in fast food industry. The customer psychology strongly effected from other customer’s word of mouth, review’s and pricing policy of a company. In this study, we examine the consumer psychology with three factors (referent price, referent deservingness and fair pricing). The three factors become a cause to reduce the anger of consumer and due to this customer satisfy from the operations of fast food industry. We distribute more than 300 questionnaire for analyze our research hypothesis. After analyze we conclude that referent price does not impact on customer anger but it impact on satisfaction of customer. The referent deservingness and price fairness has significant impact on anger of customer and satisfaction of customer. This study provides useful information to fast food sector regarding customer psychology.

In order to describe how humans represent meaning in the brain, one must be able to account for not just concrete words but, critically, also abstract words, which lack a physical referent. Hebbian formalism and optimization are basic principles of brain function, and they provide an appealing approach for modeling word meanings based on word co-occurrences. We provide proof of concept that a statistical model of the semantic space can account for neural representations of both concrete and abstract words, using MEG. Here, we built a statistical model using word embeddings extracted from a text corpus. This statistical model was used to train a machine learning algorithm to successfully decode the MEG signals evoked by written words. In the model, word abstractness emerged from the statistical regularities of the language environment. Representational similarity analysis further showed that this salient property of the model co-varies, at 280–420 ms after visual word presentation, with activity in regions that have been previously linked with processing of abstract words, namely the left-hemisphere frontal, anterior temporal and superior parietal cortex. In light of these results, we propose that the neural encoding of word meanings can arise through statistical regularities, that is, through grounding in language itself.

A range of studies investigating how overspecified referring expressions (e.g., the stripy cup to describe a single cup) affect referent identification have found it to slow identification, speed it up, or yield no effect on processing speed. To date, these studies have all used adjectives that are semantically arbitrary within the sentential context. In addition to the standard ‘informativeness’ design that manipulates the presence of contrast sets, we controlled the semantic relevance of adjectives in discourse to reveal whether overspecifying adjectives would affect processing when relevant to the context (fed the hungry rabbit) compared to when they are not (tickled the hungry rabbit). Using a self-paced reading paradigm with a sample of adult participants (N = 31), we found that overspecified noun phrases were read more slowly than those that distinguished a member of a contrast set. Importantly, this penalty was mitigated when adjectives were semantically relevant. Contrary to classical approaches, we show that modifiers do not necessarily presuppose a set, and that referential and semantic information is integrated rapidly in pragmatic processing. Our data support Fukumura and van Gompel's (2017) meaning-based redundancy hypothesis, which predicts that it is the specific semantic representation of the overspecifying adjective that determines whether a penalty is incurred, rather than generic Gricean expectations. We extend this account using a novel experimental design.

El presente artículo hace un análisis de los aspectos fenomenológicos y semiológicos inherentes en la Arquitectura computacional. Primeramente, desarrolla un estudio descriptivo y comparativo de los aspectos fenomenológicos y semiológicos en la metodología de diseño arquitectónico, a través de las teorías de los principales arquitectos referentes en el tema. Analiza la implementación de estos aspectos en la Arquitectura Algorítmica-Paramétrica (AAP). Finalmente, propone un diagrama metodológico con su implementación. El estudio realizado distingue cualidades de mayor compatibilidad que fricción en los aspectos analizados. Ejemplifica a través de los productos arquitectónicos de Kengo Kuma y las manifestaciones vanguardistas de diseño computacional llamado Discretismo, la afinidad latente entre estos enfoques. La metodología propuesta, muestra herramientas algorítmicas para generar producciones similares a través del entorno de programación visual llamado Grasshopper.

The article is devoted to the analysis of a sarcastic evaluation of a person, which leads to their discrediting in media texts. Sarcastic evaluation is considered in terms of linguistic praxeology: the language and compositional means of nomination, description, and actions are analyzed. In a media text, these means interact with the means of expressing the category of deviance and forming semantic nodes. The category of deviance can manifest itself, on the one hand, in exuberance or the absurd, while on the other, in simplification or insufficiency of the sign revelation. Also, specific sarcastic speech techniques are identified. They are based on the discrepancy of referent and illocutionary meanings in the person’s speech portrait. The study of Russian media discourse about Swedish eco-activist Greta Thunberg revealed the active use of linguistic means expressing sarcastic evaluation to demonstrate the opposing viewpoint in relation to the transmitted semantic position of “Other”. When the media represents Greta in the totality of her disadvantages, this enters into a polemic against those who support the ideas of this person. With the help of sarcasm, the media shows the absurdness and failure of these ideas. In this case, a sarcastic evaluation becomes an instrument of discrediting not only the person him/herself, but also his/her views and associates. Linguistic means of sarcastic evaluation are widely represented in discrediting media texts. The most important of them are means such as absurdity, hyperbole, alogism, simplification, etc.

Since May 2020, BLT DD has been implemented in Jember Regency, including Bangsalsari Village. However, in fact it’s couldn’t avoid a pros and cons, especially to recipients. So, it’s mean Bangsalsari must be respons and give right information public. Every regulation must referent to hierarchy of legislation, same as the BLT DD rules. However, we know law have the legal principles "lex specialis derogat legi generalis", Then regulation of Jember regency Number 8 of 2016 about Public Information Openness must be a reference to do programs of Jember regency. There are three elements that must be fulfilled in the implementation of BLT DD in Bangsalsari Village, in order to realize information transparency, namely publication, participation and reporting. Bangsalsari Village has fulfilled these three elements in the implementation of BLT DD.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of referent power, expert power, legitimate power, reward power, and coercive power as independent variables on performance improvement and impression management as the dependent variable. This study aims to answer exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and predictive research using a survey method in the form of a questionnaire containing a list of statements that will be given to respondents to be filled in to obtain information from respondents and data processing using the WarpPLS 5.0 application. The results showed that referent power, reward power, and coercive power affected performance improvement and impression management, while expert power and legitimate power did not affect performance improvement and impression management.

Los medios de reproducción técnica: tanto la fotografía como el cine, se han caracterizado por su superioridad mimética a la hora de capturar la realidad. Sin embargo, eso ha hecho que muchas de las teorías de dichos medios se hayan abocado a una suerte de dialéctica sobre la vericidad o no de la representación fotográfica. Desde una perspectiva fenomenológica intentaremos rescatar un concepto de verdad del registro fotográfico que no se vincule necesariamente con su dimensión empírica, es decir, con su pura positividad en la captación de su referente. Con ello, la reproducción fotográfica nos permitirá reflexionar sobre nuestro propio acceso a la realidad en la que los vacíos y las ausencias son igualmente constitutivos de la misma. El film de Marguerite Duras L’homme atlantique, nos proporcionará un caso de estudio para reflexionar sobre esta importancia

En el diseño bioinspirado se ha desarrollado gran número de objetos que han tenido un espacio sobresaliente en la historia del diseño, desde Arts and Crafts, el diseño escandinavo o el Art Nouveau, entre otros, se observa el valor de la naturaleza como inspiración. En este estudio se hace la comparación de seis métodos de diseño bioinspirado, con énfasis en el proceso de análisis del referente natural y sus características, con el propósito de desarrollar una herramienta metodológica que contribuya y complemente los procesos de abstracción para realizar diseño biomimético. Se valida la herramienta a través de su aplicación en el diseño conceptual de objetos.

Tax administrators have been trying to maximise its voluntary tax compliance rate where e-filing system has been the preferable compliance tool by taxpayers in submitting their income tax return forms. Despite the effort to provide better services to taxpayers, the heterogeneous taxpayers in Malaysia face difficulties in extracting information and tax knowledge that would require assistance or advice from other sources, like their peers and mass media, while some may have financial difficulties. This comparative study proposes to utilise the multidimensional model of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) that incorporates general tax knowledge, mass media referent, and ability to pay as addition to the original DTPB model. The findings showed that general tax filing knowledge, mass media referent, and ability to pay have significant influence on intention to comply with tax laws. However, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, and self-efficacy were found to be not significant when the DTPB model was adopted. Nevertheless, it is advantageous to use the DTPB model that provides predictiveness and explanation toward understanding voluntary tax compliance behaviour. This model is useful as a guide for improving voluntary tax compliance rates while promoting the advantages of using e-filing system as the preferable tool for compliance.

The deictic expression “this sēper” in Deut 28:58 is imprecise. Is the phrase pointing to a text coming earlier in Deuteronomy (anaphoric) or later (cataphoric)? Clarification has been provided recently by comparison to a Hittite treaty parallel, resulting in the conclusion that “this sēper” is exophoric, a self-reference to a textual artifact external to the book of Deuteronomy rather than to a narratologically imagined “book.” This investigation expands the comparison with ancient Near Eastern parallels by offering further examples of self-referentiality in the epilogue of Hammurapi’s law collection and other legal texts, as well as selected Northwest Semitic monumental texts.

Aim . To analyze the methods of the state regulation of prices for the manufacturers of pharmaceutical drugs in the Eurasian Economic Community counties (EAEC). Materials and Methods . The comparison of the aspects of the price regulation was presented as short characteristics of the regulating impact of the key normative legal acts (NLA) in the sphere of price formation on pharmaceutical drugs in the EAEC. The study included the following stages: the analysis of NLA in the Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Armenia, and the Kyrgyz Republic, the comparison of the list of reference countries, and decreasing coefficients. Results. The authors revealed the differences in the procedure of the registration, re-registration, referencing of prices, and decreasing coefficients for the generics. The authors highlighted the drawbacks of the existing procedure of the registration of prices in Russia in terms of the formation of the list of the referent countries, the re-registration of drugs with an increase in price, and limited economic efficiency. Conclusion. The performed analysis showed that the differences in the methods of the state regulation of prices on pharmaceutical drugs in the EAEC countries do not allow for the formation of a unified approach. However, the creation of supranational method of price formation is an essential condition for the functioning of the united market of pharmaceutical drugs.

Antes que as primeiras considerações desse estudo se iniciassem, aconselhar-nos-ia Steiner (2006 [1961]) que a tragédia está morta, bem como nos lembraria Saussure (2006 [1916]) de que o referente não se insere na lógica arbitrária da língua; mas, como comprova Bacon (2005 [1869]), é mais fácil desconfirmar hipóteses que tentar demonstrar que algo sempre acontecerá. Com base nessa lógica dicto simplicitere, esse estudo busca corroborar a ocasião de uma tragédia em meio à produção literária realista e a relevância de aspectos menos arbitrários da língua – os nomes próprios – para essa comprovação. Atuando de forma interdisciplinar, como permite a onomástica literária, esse trabalho situa a obra portuguesa “Os Maias” como uma tragédia híbrida luso-burguesa, bem como teoriza as funções dos antropônimos (GUÉRIOS, 1973) e do espaço, enquanto agentes trágico-determinantes da obra mencionada; função possibilitadora da perspectivização do trágico em um contexto ficcional burguês.Nomination and Spatialization as agents of the tragic in “Os Maias” Abstract Before the first considerations of this study began, Steiner (2006 [1961]) would advise us that the tragedy is dead, as well as remind us of Saussure (2006 [1916]) that the referent does not fit the arbitrary logic of language; but, as Bacon (2005 [1869]) proves, it is easier to disconfirm hypotheses than to try to demonstrate that something will always happen. Based on this dicto simplicitere logic, this study seeks to corroborate the occasion of a tragedy in the midst of realistic literary production and the relevance of less arbitrary aspects of the language - proper names - for such proof. Acting in an interdisciplinary way, as the literary onomatics allows, this work situates the Portuguese work “Os Maias” as a hybrid Portuguese-bourgeois tragedy, as well as theorizing the functions of anthroponyms (Guérios, 1973) and space, as tragic-determining agents of the mentioned work; enabling function of the perspective of the tragic in a bourgeois fictional context. Keywords: Literary onomastics; Literary anthroponomastics; Literary toponymy; Os Maias. Bourgeois tragedy.

The angel investing space has transformed as investors have moved from individual deal seeking to more collaborative models of investing. Angel networks are formal investor organizations that pursue investment deals with entrepreneurs, assist with deal screening, and coordinate due diligence. These coordination activities have clear benefits for angel network members, but they also give rise to a dynamic of reliant judgment in which the espoused opinions of network peers are taken as evidence that weighs heavily on the investment decision. In this article, we provide evidence from an experiment set in an angel investment pitch meeting that reveals the positive bias an angel investor shows toward peer opinions. By revealing these potentially hidden forces in angel network deliberations, we raise awareness and, by extension, offer response strategies for angels and angel network directors to properly manage the influence of peer opinion in angel network discussions.

El presente artículo surge por la necesidad de analizar la incidencia de los conflictos en la convivencia escolar, siendo estos uno de los factores que influyen de manera negativa en el ambiente educativo y acarrean consecuencias como el deterioro del clima escolar, desmotivación en el aprendizaje y falta de un proyecto de vida fundamentado en la reafirmación de la autoestima, los valores y el crecimiento personal. Para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos se seleccionó a las niñas que residen en la Fundación Hogar de María que se encuentran matriculadas en la Escuela Maridíaz y el Instituto Madre Caridad. La investigación se desarrolló mediante una metodología que se enmarcó en el paradigma cualitativo, apoyada por un enfoque interpretativo de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, con la aplicación de instrumentos como talleres y grupo focal para la recopilación de información. Dentro de los objetivos se diseñó como herramienta pedagógica, una unidad didáctica para el empoderamiento y aprendizaje en el tratamiento de conflictos, apropiación de valores en la vivencia escolar, el fomento del desarrollo integral y motivación en la construcción de proyecto de vida de las niñas del Hogar de María, organizada en dos ejes fundamentales: Mediación y resolución de conflictos y Proyecto de vida, cada uno con tres momentos en los que participaron estudiantes, docentes y padres de familia. Esta unidad didáctica también puede constituirse como referente para adoptarse en cualquier institución educativa, para los procesos de gestión de la convivencia escolar.

PurposeThis study aims to elaborate the picture of the relationships between information and power by examining how expert power appears in the characterizations of gatekeeping presented in the research literature.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses conceptual analysis for examining how expert power is constitutive of the construct of gatekeeper and how people subject to the influence of gatekeeping trust or challenge the expert power attributed to gatekeepers. The study draws on the analysis of 40 key studies on the above issues.FindingsResearchers have mainly constructed the gatekeepers' expert power in terms of superior knowledge and skills applicable to a specific domain, coupled with an ability to control or facilitate access to information. The gatekeeper's expert power has been approached as a contextual factor that facilitates rather than controls access to information. The power relationships between the gatekeepers and those subject to gatekeeping vary contextually, depending on the extent to which the latter have access to alternative sources of information. The findings highlight the need to elaborate the construct of gatekeeping by rethinking its relevance in the networked information environments where the traditional picture of gatekeepers controlling access to information sources is eroding.Research limitations/implicationsAs the study focuses on how expert power figures in gatekeeping, no attention is devoted to the role of social power of other types, for example, reward power and referent power.Originality/valueThe study pioneers by providing an in-depth analysis of the nature of expert power as a constituent of gatekeeping.

This paper investigates the extended uses of a Wugang Xiang classifier di45 beyond the referential domain, specifically its attitudinal uses. Using conversational data from Wugang Xiang, a Sinitic variety spoken in south-eastern Hunan province in China, we first examine the uses of di45 within the referential domain, namely, expressing a quantity of small amount and instantiating a noun. We then focus on the attitudinal uses of three types of di45 constructions, namely, relational [N+di45+N], [di45+N], and [di45+DEM+CL+N] constructions. Our analysis indicates that di45 in Wugang Xiang has fully pragmatized into an attitudinal marker in [di45+DEM+CL+N] constructions. We show that the attitudinal function of di45 is induced by one or more of the following factors: (i) the ‘trivialness’ reading inherent in the original use of di45 as a quantifying classifier, (ii) the ‘vagueness’ reading that emerges when di45 is associated with indefinite referents, and (iii) the ‘detachment’ effect which surfaces when di45 is associated with a referent that is obviously definite but with the demonstrative deliberately elided to downgrade potential face-threats to both speaker and others. The findings of this study shed light on how versatile classifiers often extend beyond the referential domain to serve discourse-pragmatic functions.

This article describes the family informational environment and child-parent relationships in the context of the psychological values of the family informational environment. The family informational environment is regarded as a system of intrafamily relationships which encompasses the parents’ and the children’s attitudes toward the available sources of information, as well as their emotions that may emerge in association with information sources and media usage. The informational environment of the referent families was presented by various sources. The article reports on the results of an empirical study on the family informational environment’s value attributes and families’ adherence to certain sources of information. The results suggest that a family informational environment should be determined in the context of the parents’ and the children’s common acceptance of the Internet as their preferred source of information, their reliance on the Internet as an information source, and the general value of online news and professionally oriented information. It may be concluded that the informational environment supports a specific parents’ and children’s attitude toward information sources and value systems regarding the Internet. Also, the family informational environment is a multilateral and multifunctional phenomenon that secures personal preferences of each family member.

Sepia is a tailor-made educational support system for adolescents who are unable to enrol in an institutional setting. Permanences and on-call duty make it possible to ensure the continuity of the follow-up wherever the young person is located. The relationship is shaped by informal meeting times in order to create a natural bond. This is possible thanks to the small number of supports assigned to each referent. Follow-up ends when the referent adult has become an adult whose words matter for the child.

The article provides the analysis of mytho­logical dimension of the film “Ilych’s Gate” (Zastava Ilycha) by M.M. Khutsiev. The author concludes that the text of this film represents self-reflexive structure. Firstly, the plot of the film quite clearly depicts the mythological perception of reality. Secondly, the course of narration reproduces the influence of mytho­logical codes on the perception of the audience. The text of the film contains a description of its own mechanism of influence on the viewer as well as the processes taking place in the minds of the audience at the moment of viewing.The first part informs of the main principles of mytho­logical thinking and the idea of time and space in the myth, referring to the works by C. Lévi-Strauss, R. Barthes, M. Eliade, A. Losev, E. Cassirer and others. Special attention is paid to the role of myth and initiation ritual in the psychological formation of a personality, as, based on the following, this is the theme that forms the basis of the film plot.The second part deals with the methods by which the mythological dimension is manifested in the text of the film.In the third part, the researcher shows how the contrast of secular and sacral becomes the main semantic opposition promoting the motion of the plot.In the fourth part, the author proves that the reflection of reality in the characters’ minds is a referent of the images shown on the screen. The characters’ development lies in the actualization of the sacral and mythological perception of the world. In turn, the cultural codes contained in the text of the film are designed to evoke a kind of response in the minds of the audience — to actualize the same sacred modus of perception in its ideas, the achievement of which is the ultimate goal of the characters. Thus, the inner path of the characters in the film reflects the processes that excite the studied film in the perception of the audience.The relevance of the article lies in the discovery and description of the principle of self-reflection in the structure of the film “Ilych’s Gate”, which allows us to understand at a qualitatively new level its structure and place in the historical development of Russian cinematography.

The approach to the topic of college internationalization requires of a comprehensive vision that allows for the convergence of the substantial functions of the higher education institutions, such as research, teaching, and extension. The theoretical premise that arises is the referent of analysis based on the knowledge and experience of national, regional and international processes. Its reflection are evidence of the need for an integration plan to articulate the heterogeneity of the higher education institutions and countries, as to build and foster a closer and more effective South-South cooperation relationship that allows for an advance in the regional internationalization processes that would permit a greater independence and identity. Keywords: Higher education – Latin America, College cooperation – Latin America, Educational international cooperation – Latin America. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5377/entorno.v0i68.8448URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11298/1128

PurposeAuthenticity has emerged as a prevailing purchase criterion that seems to include both real and stylised versions of the truth. The purpose of this paper is to address the negotiation of authenticity by examining the means by which costume designers draw on cues such as historical correctness and imagination to authenticate re-enactments of historical epochs in cinematic artwork.Design/methodology/approachTo understand and analyse how different epochs were re-enacted required interviewing costume designers who have brought reimagined epochs into being. The questions were aimed towards acknowledging the socio-cultural circulation of images that practitioners draw from in order to project authenticity. This study was conducted during a seven-week internship at a costume store called Independent Costume in Stockholm as part of a doctoral course in cultural production.FindingsAuthenticity could be found in citations that neither had nor resembled something with an indexical link to the original referent as long as the audience could make a connection to the historical epoch sought to re-enact. As such, it would seem that imagination and historical correctness interplay in impressions of authenticity. Findings suggest that performances of authentication are influenced by socially instituted discursive practices (i.e. jargons) and collective imagination.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on social and performative aspects of authentication as well as its implications for brands in the arts and culture sector.

Among the one-word fragments from unknown plays of Sophocles, fr. inc. 1111 R. (φίλανδρον) has been treated as one of the more straightforward. It derives from a passage in Hermogenes of Tarsos’ treatise Περὶ Ἰδεῶν (late second century c.e.), which includes the Sophoclean adjective, its referent and a brief gloss: … ὁ Σοφοκλῆς … φίλανδρόν που τὴν Ἀταλάντην εἶπε διὰ τὸ ἀσπάζεσθαι σὺν ἀνδράσιν εἶναι (‘… Sophocles called Atalante philandros somewhere because she enjoyed being with men’). Brunck assigned the fragment to Sophocles’ tragic Meleagros; most subsequent editors have edited the fragment as sedis incertae while commenting favourably on Brunck's ascription. This suggestion has also found support beyond Sophoclean scholarship, and, to my knowledge, no alternative has been brought forward. While the ascription of the fragment to the Meleagros is prima facie not implausible, I shall argue that a thorough analysis of the difficult passage in Hermogenes calls for a revision of the current lexicographical accounts of the word φίλανδρος—as well as φιλανδρία—and suggests that fr. 1111 may in fact originate in a satyr-play.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the process of the use of management’s positivity and negativity sources and their mediation on pharmaceutical members’ satisfaction that, in turn, enable a health-care organization to meet its business objectives with more agility. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from a survey of 106 pharmaceutical members regarding their relationships with management. Findings The results of LISREL analysis revealed that the use of positivity variables such as reward enhanced each of referent, expert and positive conflict; in addition, referent boosted satisfaction. However, the use of negativity variables such as opportunism enhanced power, but weakened each of referent, expert and legitimate power sources. The use of coercion enhanced power too, but produced dissatisfaction. Further, the prevalence of negative conflict caused dissatisfaction. Originality/value This study also reported major contributions when it examined the effect of the mediation of the use of positivity intrinsic power sources on satisfaction. It found that referent power functioned as a full mediator by dropping the amount of the relationship between the use of reward and satisfaction to zero and as a partial mediator by dropping the amount of the relationship between the use of coercion and satisfaction. In addition, the use of referent power mediated the joint effect of both the use of coercion and reward power sources, triggering a positive effect on satisfaction. Several managerial implications were discussed.

This chapter focuses on techniques and technologies to aid groups in making decisions, with an emphasis on computer-based support. Many office workers regularly meet colleagues and clients in virtual meetings using videoconferencing platforms, which enable participants to carry out tasks in a manner similar to a face-to-face meeting. The development of computer-based platforms to facilitate group tasks can be traced back to the 1960s, and while they support group communication, they do not directly support group decision making. In this chapter we distinguish four technologies developed to provide support to group decisions, clustered into two main traditions. Technologies in the task-oriented tradition are mainly concerned with enabling participants to complete tasks to solve the group's decision problem via computer-supported communications. Group Decision Support Systems and social software technologies comprise the task-oriented tradition. Alternately, in the model-driven tradition, participants use computers to build and use a model that acts as a referent to communicate, mostly verbally, about the group's decision problem. System modeling and decision-modeling technologies constitute the model-driven tradition. This chapter sketches the history and guiding ideas of both traditions, and describes their associated technologies. The chapter concludes with questioning if increased availability of online tools will lead to increased use of group decision support technologies, and the differential impact of communication support versus decision support.

We study how language use differs between dialogue partners in a visually grounded reference task when a referent is mutually identifiable by both interlocutors vs. when it is only available to one of them. In the latter case, the addressee needs to disconfirm a proposed description – a skill largely neglected by both the theoretical and the computational linguistics communities. We consider a number of linguistic features that we expect to vary across conditions. We then analyze their effectiveness in distinguishing among the two conditions by means of statistical tests and a feature-based classifier. Overall, we show that language mirrors different grounding conditions, paving the way to future deeper investigation of referential disconfirmation.

Referring image segmentation aims to segment the referent that is the corresponding object or stuff referred by a natural language expression in an image. Its main challenge lies in how to effectively and efficiently differentiate between the referent and other objects of the same category as the referent. In this paper, we tackle the challenge by jointly performing compositional visual reasoning and accurate segmentation in a single stage via the proposed novel Bottom-Up Shift (BUS) and Bidirectional Attentive Refinement (BIAR) modules. Specifically, BUS progressively locates the referent along hierarchical reasoning steps implied by the expression. At each step, it locates the corresponding visual region by disambiguating between similar regions, where the disambiguation bases on the relationships between regions. By the explainable visual reasoning, BUS explicitly aligns linguistic components with visual regions so that it can identify all the mentioned entities in the expression. BIAR fuses multi-level features via a two-way attentive message passing, which captures the visual details relevant to the referent to refine segmentation results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method consisting of BUS and BIAR modules, can not only consistently surpass all existing state-of-the-art algorithms across common benchmark datasets but also visualize interpretable reasoning steps for stepwise segmentation. Code is available at https://github.com/incredibleXM/BUSNet.

The Foraminifera Project is a collaboration between researchers of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Faculty of Geological Sciences at the Complutense University (UCM, Madrid, Spain). The work, based on scientific dissemination through art, is framed in the theme “Climate change and Ocean Acidification'' as part of the course “Art, Science and Nature” of the Master's Degree in Research in Art and Creation (Faculty of Fine Arts, UCM). The team used recent sediment samples from Indian Ocean and Red Sea that contained healthy and unhealthy foraminifera specimens to create 3D specimen models. These models were made using traditional sculpture techniques, photogrammetry, and 3D printing to show different states of foraminifera dissolution and corrosion from ocean acidification. The end result of this project resulted in nine interactive pieces which were part of the exhibition “Drift & Migrate'' open to the public during the month of November 2019 in the exhibition hall of the Faculty of Fine Arts (UCM). The 3D models of foraminifera were displayed with educational graphics and blind-accesible explanatory signage (Braille) to share the scientific facts of foraminifera and their role in the ocean ecosystem. The main objective of the collaboration is to raise awareness of anthropogenic effects on foraminifera and the marine ecosystems in general and to expand research opportunities between the arts and sciences at the university.

Using eye-tracking, we examined whether overspecification hinders or facilitates referent selection and the extent to which this depends on the properties of the attribute mentioned in the referring expressions and the underpinning processing mode. Following spoken instructions, participants selected the referent in a visual display while their eye movements were monitored. The referring expressions were presented either simultaneously with the displays, so the attributes could be incrementally processed in sequence, or before the display presentation, so the attributes could be processed in parallel from the outset of search. Experiment 1 showed that when the attributes were processed incrementally, how quickly an earlier-mentioned attribute discriminated determined whether a late-mentioned, overspecified attribute contributed to discrimination: When color was mentioned first and was fully discriminating, the referent was selected fast regardless of the second-mentioned pattern, whereas when pattern was mentioned first and fully discriminating, the second-mentioned color facilitated discrimination. Experiment 2 found that under incremental processing, color mention after a fully discriminating pattern increased fixations but delayed referent selection relative to a pattern-only description; under parallel processing, however, color mention immediately eliminated alternatives and sped up referent selection. Experiment 3 showed that pattern mention after a fully discriminating color delayed referent selection and tended to reduce fixations relative to a color-only description in both processing modes. Hence, additional attributes can speed up referent selection but only when they can discriminate much faster than alternative attributes mentioned in a more concise description and, critically, when they can be used early for referent search. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

A value-based approach to Natural Language Understanding, in particular, the disambiguation of pronouns, is illustrated with a solution to a typical example from the Winograd Schema Challenge. The worked example uses a language engine, Enguage, to support the articulation of the advocation and fearing of violence. The example illustrates the indexical nature of pronouns, and how their values, their referent objects, change because they are set by contextual data. It must be noted that Enguage is not a suitable candidate for addressing the Winograd Schema Challenge as it is an interactive tool, whereas the Challenge requires a preconfigured, unattended program.

The concept of human security became popular in the 1990s as a new framework for conceptualising security, shifting its referent from states to human beings and expanding its scope. While acknowled...

The goal of this study was to explore the effect of the case-marking information from pre-verbal arguments on the anticipatory processing of Korean sentences. More specifically, it was examined whether the case-markers can be used to predict an upcoming argument even before it is introduced into the string. In our eye-tracking experiment using the visual-world paradigm, 24 adult native speakers of Korean showed significantly more anticipatory eye-movements to the potential referent of a Theme object as soon as hearing the sequence of a nominative-marked NP and a dative-marked NP, as compared to when the second NP is accusative-marked. These results confirm the predictive mechanism of the parsing system and the case effect on the prediction in Korean: that is, guided by the case-marking information which is available earlier in the input, the parser can predict a forthcoming argument and thus activate a structural representation of the currently processed sentence. In this way, a verb-final sentence can be interpreted incrementally and predictively as well at each moment of processing.

Objetivo: aprofundar o emprego do referencial dos direitos humanos dos pacientes enquanto ferramenta bioética na análise e prescrição de questões éticas emergentes dos cuidados em saúde. Metodologia: trata-se de pesquisa teórica desenvolvida com base no marco formulado pelos autores Cohen&Ezer e Albuquerque acerca dos direitos humanos do paciente. Resultados: a interação entre a bioética e os direitos humanos do paciente pode mostrar-se positiva no contexto das relações de cuidados em saúde, especialmente em pessoas vulneráveis. Conclusão: a soma de esforços entre os dois campos possibilita o amadurecimento do tema e a criação de mecanismos capazes de proporcionar um maior avanço na proteção dos direitos humanos dos pacientes, sobretudo dos pacientes idosos.

Intrahistorical Novel between Postmemory and PophistoryThis comparative study takes into account two books written by women: El violin de Auschwitz (1994) by Maria Angels Anglada and La Tabla Esmeralda (2012) by Carla Montero. Both novels, despite almost twenty years between them, offer a series of common features. Their extraliterary referent falls into the same thematic field (Nazism, deportation and the Holocaust); both employ the same narrative modality (the presenceof the intradiegetic and homodiegetic narration includes another narration, extradiegetic and heterodiegetic, about the past); last but not least, both titles offer a ‘view from below’, carried out by fictional characters – which allows to suppose that the two novels belong to a subcategory of the intrahistoric novel.

Learning by observing the behaviors and choices of other (referent) firms is an important way for firms to augment their stock of knowledge. However, new ventures face unique challenges with vicarious learning. In particular, their referent firms may not be spatially close, which makes it difficult to collect and make sense of information. In a field study of 175 high-technology new ventures, we examine and find that distance and the maturity of the legal environments of the observed firms, along with the moderating effect of the size of referent firms, can influence new ventures’ observation and processing of information. Such learning is reflected by the perceived speed of new ventures fulfilling ISO 9000 certification.

A key question regarding the impact of the board of directors (BOD) on a firm’s strategic choices is why some BODs are highly involved in the strategic decision-making process and others are not. We offer a novel explanation pertaining to the importance of individual non-executive board members’ attributes in leading such processes of involvement. Specifically, our research sheds light on the question of why an individual board member with particular qualities acts differently when serving on different boards. We explore the dynamics that emerge within the BOD that enable the involvement of such a member. Evidence is derived from fifteen open interviews conducted with non-executive board members, and analyses of twenty strategic decision events in a variety of companies (fourteen public, four private, one nonprofit and one government-owned company; six very large, seven large, four mid-sized and three small companies). Our findings highlight the importance of the BOD leadership style, the potential sources of leadership power and their influence on the work environment and norms that develop within the board with regard to its involvement. We point to the challenges that non-executive board members face in different environments and their considerations in choosing whether and how to promote the BOD’s involvement. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of the expert and referent sources of power and the shared values within the BOD in shaping the context and dynamics of the BOD’s involvement.

Mobile personal cloud storage services (PCSSs) have become increasingly common among mobile users in recent years. Prior studies largely focused on understanding users' early adoption of mobile PCSSs, but attention to post-adoption switching behavior is still rare. Based on the push-pull-mooring framework of migration theory, to explore the factors that influence the voluntary switching intentions of mobile PCSS users in the Chinese market, we developed a model around three effects: pushing, pulling, and mooring. The results show that two push factors (privacy risk and security risk), six pull factors (referent network size, complementarity, usefulness, technical compatibility, lifestyle compatibility, and enjoyment), and two mooring factors (habit and switching cost) have significant effects on switching intention. Moreover, referent network size, total network size, complementarity, technical compatibility, lifestyle compatibility and enjoyment are significant to usefulness, and usefulness mediates between them and switching intention. The findings will help practitioners devise proper strategies for retaining current users and attracting new users.

How do members of a profession, initially reluctant to use quantification, finally accept it and change their expertise accordingly? This paper examines the processes by which a group of social workers in a social enterprise came to adhere to the claimed benefits of quantitative templates in framing the social problems of individuals and ways of addressing them. We also reflect on consequences ensuing from this important shift in social work expertise. We build our insights from an ethnographic study conducted in a social enterprise in France, where the management had recently been taken over by social entrepreneurs. The latter were especially concerned in rendering their organization’s social workers more focused on strengthening the employability of beneficiaries, particularly through the compulsory use of quantified grids of evaluation. Our analysis brings to light the strategic initiatives and main conditions of possibility that collectively played a role in strengthening social worker receptivity towards quantification and in modifying the nature of their expertise. Specifically, we found that the core of social work expertise was altered in three main ways: strengthening of emotional boundaries between expert and beneficiary; downplaying the victimhood (of beneficiaries) as a key referent; and development of a breach in the claim of exclusivity in the relationship between social worker and beneficiary. This shift in expertise has deep consequences on the kind of person social work aims to produce; the emphasis is now on the development of individuals capable of being employed in the labor market. For now, at least in the social enterprise we studied, the economic conception of social work increasingly prevails over the traditional, emotionally and psychologically-based template.

We propose an interpretation of the vision process and a structural analysis of nouns and nominal reference which make it possible to relate the visual/cognitive and the linguistic encapsulation of objecthood in a rigorous way. The result of this integrated hypothesis is a predictive account of possible and impossible nouns lexicalizing visual objects. Visual objects are indexed relations between stimuli interpreted via visual properties, such as [round], and what we define as object concepts: a red ball is the relation between the red and spherical features and the object concept of a ball. In language, nouns identify object concepts, semantically modelled as kinds, and the noun phrases they head can refer to instances of those kinds. No aspect of grammatical structure links up to visual properties directly, so no noun in natural language can denote an arbitrary subset of visual properties; the interaction is only at the level of objects, whether an abstract concept or a fully specified referent (the latter expressed by a full noun phrase). We formalize the relation between the two by means of an infomorphism, a formal representation of information flow between systems. This translates the objects of the visual and linguistic systems in terms of information types and tokens, constraining the possible lexicalization of object concepts. For instance, a visual property cannot be identified by a choice of noun unless it is interpreted as instantiating an object concept, because nouns can denote object concepts but not directly properties. University College Dublin UCD Seed Funding NetWordS - European Network on Word Structure 24 month embargo- AC Check citation details during checkdate report - AC

The article describes EU cross-sectoral policy work on online information threats, focusing on the intersection between values and 'referent objects'. Examining discussions on strategic communicati...

The article deals with the method of natural system classification developed within the paradigm of open systems physics. The method reveals the system ontology of classes by empirical description. Using this method we solved four classification tasks from different knowledge areas: toxicology, semiconductor manufacturing, numbers recognition, biology. For each dataset automatically were obtained: reconstructions of natural system-conditioned features of each class; reconstructions of intensional components; ideal representatives of classes; borders of class areas and referent distribution by class areas.

A lot of companies and individuals provide various products and services through EC sites and sharing economy sites such as Airbnb, Uber, and so on. Along with growth of these websites, it is very difficult for us to estimate the proper values of product/services through its pictures and explanations. Thus, many consumers referent reputation information sites such as Booking.com, Yelp, and so on. However, if the value which a consumer gets by using a product/service is lower than the product/service evaluation in a reputation information site, namely, if its evaluation is overestimation, the consumer gets deeply dissatisfied with it, and never use it again. Therefore, this paper investigates how a product/service evaluation gap affects customer satisfaction and consumer behavior by using agent-based simulations.

Airports located closely to the border between two (or more) countries, naturally attract passengers from all bordering countries, to whom different emigration/immigration controls may apply. Influenced by specific nature of the catchment area some of these airports evolved to, so called, cross-border airports. Such airports offer multiple border controls, making that way airport access to all passenger from the catchment area more convenient and airport itself more attractive. Without multiple controls, passengers whose origin/destination country is not the same as the country of airport location would have to cross border control twice – on their way to the airport and again at the airport (for international flights). Four concepts of cross-border airports are presented in the paper – depending on airport infrastructure location and agreement between the countries on their (common or separate) usage. The concepts are defined based on existing solutions and their possible evolution from authors’ perspective. To the best of our knowledge, there is no referent literature addressing the concept of cross-border airports. Each concept is supported by real-life examples and airports that hold perspective of adopting cross-border concept in the future. Apart from being very convenient for common investment of the two or more bordering countries, concept of cross-border airports is also seen as one possible (temporarily or long-term) solution for politically sensitive regions, for the regions with unclear and/or partially unaccepted status (e.g. Gibraltar, Cyprus, etc.).

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the attitude of business students towards the accounting profession and investigate the relationship between students’ attitude and their intention to pursue a degree in accounting. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered survey was used to collect data from students from the University of Ghana Business School (UGBS). A total of 457 questionnaires were used in the empirical analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis technique was employed to analyse the data. Findings The logistic regression analysis demonstrates that intrinsic interest in the accounting discipline, prior exposure to accounting at the senior high level and the desire to pursue professional accounting qualification in future are good predictors of students’ intention to major in accounting. The results also indicate family members, course instructors and other referent group play a crucial role in influencing students’ intention to pursue a career in accounting. Practical implications The findings of this study have important implications for the professional accountancy body and business educators interested in addressing the skill shortage in the accounting profession. Originality/value This study does not only examine students’ attitude towards the accounting discipline but also investigates how such attitudes influence intentions to major in accounting.