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A study of the question of accounting for the anthropogenic contribution of different countries or groups of countries to the increase of global temperature, instead of being restricted to their carbon emissions as adopted in the Kyoto protocol on sharing of responsibility are discussed. A discussion on the methodology and scientific aspects of the Brazilian Proposal (BP) by SBSTA/UNFCCC and results of energy sector and land use change contributions to the climate response by different countries is also presented.

The thermo power sector in operation, under construction and on the drawing board, in Brazil, is explained. This is done with the help of the survey conducted and the questionnaires completed by companies owing these power plants.

Different plans are developed for the use of bagasse and fuel alcohol to determine the various carbon dioxide abatement costs for each different plan. Fuel alcohol for this program in Brazil is manufactured from sugar cane and thermoelectricity is generated from bagasse. Abatement costs decrease over the period of the plans.

The greenhouse effect of different gases can be quantitatively compared with the global warming potential (GWP) index, which is based on the ratio of similar pulse emissions of a greenhouse gas and a reference gas in a random time horizon. The GWP, which has not been widely used, uses carbon dioxide as its reference gas. An alternative to the GWP is applied to the measurement of the greenhouse effect of emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil.

The CO2 emissions from the energy systems of developed and developing countries are compared using a simple factorization model. The energy-efficiency indices from the power systems of each country andtheir infuence on the global energy demand are evaluated. Results indicate thatefficient reduction in CO2 emissions can only be achieved if the technological anmd economic framework of each country are considered independently.