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This study aims to identify and reach a consensus among experts on the specific gastroenterology drugs that a gastroenterology nurse may be able to prescribe.This study employs a modified Delphi design to reach a consensus among medical and nursing experts about the gastroenterology system drugs that nurses may prescribe medication.From August 2019-November 2019, a two-round study, consisting of 26 medical and nursing experts, was conducted using the Delphi method. IBM SPSS Ver. 22 and descriptive statistical software were used to analyse the results of the consultations.A total of 37 drugs across nine categories are identified as relevant to Chinese nurses working in gastroenterology departments. Among them, four drugs are generally prescribed independently, 24 tend to be prescribed collaboratively and nine are prescribed either independently, or in collaboration with others.This list is a fundamental and dependable instrument for identifying the gastroenterology drugs that could possibly be prescribed by gastroenterology nurses in China. The research results have important guiding significance for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies for nurses to prescribe medicines.Nurse prescribing has become a global trend and is slowly gaining attention in China under the development strategy of 'Healthy China'. As such, this list will give some reference for policy formulation and implementation of future nurse prescribing in mainland China.目的: 本研究旨在确定消化科护士可能开出的特定消化科药物, 并在专家之间达成共识。 设计: 本研究采用了改进的Delphi设计, 以使医学和护理专家对护士可能开出的消化科药物达成共识。 方法: 2019年8月至2019年11月, 采用Delphi方法进行了为期两轮的研究 (由26名医疗和护理专家组成)。使用IBM SPSS版本22和描述性统计软件来分析咨询结果。 结果: 共有9种类别的37种药物被确定与在消化科工作的中国护士有关。其中, 通常独立开出4种药物, 倾向于合作开出24种药物, 或者独立或与其他药物联用开出9种药物。 结论: 该清单是识别消化科药物的基础和可靠工具, 这些药物可能由中国的消化科护士开出处方。研究结果对制定和实施护士开具处方药相关政策具有重要的指导意义。 影响: 在“健康中国”的发展战略下, 护士开具处方药已成为全球趋势, 并在中国逐渐受到关注。因此, 该清单将对中国大陆未来护士开具处方药的政策制定和实施提供参考。.

To analyse the current status and publication trends of funded studies in nursing-related research from 2008 to 2018, available in the Web of Science.A longitudinal bibliometric analysis of publications of funded studies in nursing-related research, obtained from the Web of Science, was conducted.On 10 May 2019, we accessed 77,772 funded studies (2008-2018) from the Web of Science. Bibliometric methods and indicators were used to classify the publications and summarize the overall number, countries/regions, institutions, journals, and other parameters of the publications.The global output of nursing-related funded research publications increased significantly over time. The three leading countries with the highest number of funded publications were the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom, with the United States accounting for 15 of the top 20 institutions associated with funded publications, which mostly included institutions of higher education. The most common disciplines of these publications were oncology, psychiatry, and paediatrics. The top three journals that published the largest number of nursing-related funded publications were the Journal of Clinical Nursing, the Journal of Advanced Nursing, and the International Journal of Nursing Studies. Keywords with the highest frequency of occurrence included "nurses," "qualitative research," "older people," "quality of life," "depression," "cancer," and "children."Nursing-related research has been drawing increasing attention over the years. Analysing the output of funded publications and monitoring the new dynamics of the international development of academic research in the field of nursing are crucial for determining future directions of nursing-related research development.The results of this study will provide a reference for scholars to evaluate the current utilization efficiency of global nursing-related research funding and demonstrate the development and trends in nursing-related research.目标: 分析2008年至2018年科学网上护理相关研究方面获资助论文的现状和发表趋势。 设计: 对科学网护理相关研究方面获资助论文发表进行纵向文献计量分析。 方法: 2019年5月10日,我们查阅了科学网上77,772篇获资助论文(2008年至2018年)。采用文献计量学方法和指标对发表文章进行分类,并对发表文章的总数、国家/地区、机构、期刊等参数进行汇总。 结果: 随着时间的推移,获资助的护理相关研究文章的全球产出显著增加。获资助文章数量最多的三个主要国家是美国、澳大利亚和英国,在与获资助文章有关的前20所院校中,美国占15所,其中大部分是高等教育机构。这些文章中最常见的学科是关于肿瘤学、精神病学和儿科学。发表获资助的护理相关文章数量最多的三大期刊是《临床护理杂志》、《高级护理期刊》和《国际护理研究杂志》。出现频率最高的关键词包括“护士”、“定性研究”、“老年人”、“生活质量”、“抑郁”、“癌症”和“儿童”。 结论: 近年来,护理相关研究越来越受到重视。分析获资助文章的产出并监测护理领域的国际学术研究发展的新动态,对于确定未来护理相关研究发展方向至关重要。 影响: 本研究的结果将为学者们评价当前全球护理相关研究经费的利用效率,展示护理相关研究的发展和趋势提供参考。.

This study aimed at exploring the concentration‐effect relationship of adalimumab and early adalimumab and anti‐adalimumab antibody (AAA) levels in predicting primary nonresponse in a real‐world pilot cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Thirty‐one patients were included. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score improved with increasing adalimumab trough level at week 12 and reached a major improvement with levels between 8 and 12 μg/mL. Moreover, weeks 4 and 2 adalimumab levels below 4.28 and 3.37 μg/mL were predictive of primary nonresponse (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.89, 0.88; P = 0.0003, P = 0.034, respectively). Week 4 AAA signal‐to‐noise levels were significantly higher among primary nonresponders, and the cutoff for primary nonresponse prediction was above 5.31 (AUC = 0.81; P = 0.004). Adalimumab trough levels in a range of 8–12 μg/mL are optimum to reach major improvement, and lower adalimumab with higher AAA levels at the early stage (week 4) predict primary nonresponse by supporting proactive monitoring to optimize adalimumab therapy.

Based on the concept and research status of big data, we analyze and examine the importance of constructing the knowledge system of nursing science for the development of the nursing discipline in the context of big data and propose that it is necessary to establish big data centers for nursing science to share resources, unify language standards, improve professional nursing databases, and establish a knowledge system structure. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Data mining, Knowledge bases, Nursing

As nursing becomes a first-level discipline, the central focus of the development process of nursing science is the independent exploration of the future path of nursing care. Although many countries have made efforts to develop nursing as an independent discipline, no remarkable advancement has been achieved due to the incorrect understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and the improper comprehension of other factors involved in the process of nursing reform. Teaching and practicing nursing also face many problems. Based on our understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and through a careful analysis of the existing problems in the current nursing discipline, this paper provides some insights into the future directions of nursing development by exploring the independently developing nursing discipline in foreign countries.

Background In China, aging has become a serious social problem, and the number of empty-nest elderly is on the rise. The aim of this study is to clarify the prevalence of depressive symptoms among empty-nest elderly in Shanxi province and evaluate the effects of sociodemographic factors and health-promoting lifestyles so as to provide a scientific reference for preventing and intervening their depression. Methods A cross-sectional study, which used a multi-stage random cluster sampling way, was conducted among 4901 empty-nest elderly in Shanxi. An independent t-test and a chi square test were used to compare the sociodemographic factors, depression scores, and health-promoting lifestyle scores of the empty-nest elderly. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the potential influencing factors for depression. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population was 64.2%. Among all participants 1,776 (36.2%) had mild depression, 1,236 (25.2%) had moderate depression, and 135 (2.8%) had severe depression. The health-promoting lifestyle of the empty nesters in this study was at the medium level (2.51 ± 0.47). Gender, education level, old-age provision model, exercise frequency, chronic disease, relationships with children, self-care ability, and health-promoting lifestyles were found to be influencing factors of depression and all variables had different effects on different degrees of depression. Limitations This was a cross-sectional study, so the results cannot establish causal relationships among the study variables. Conclusions Depression was prevalent among the empty-nest elderly in Shanxi. Maintaining good interpersonal relationships, developing extensive interests, and maintaining healthy lifestyles including good nutrition habits and regular exercises can reduce the incidence of depression among empty nesters.

Diabetes, a chronic non-communicable disease, has become one of the most serious and critical public health problems with increasing incidence trends. Chronic vascular complications are the major causes of disability and death in diabetic patients with endothelial dysfunction. Diabetes is intimately associated with endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by increased oxidative stress, decreased biogenesis, increased DNA damage, and weakened autophagy in mitochondria. All these morphological and functional changes of mitochondria play important roles in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we reviewed the roles and mechanisms of endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly mitochondrial dynamics in the vascular complications of diabetes and summarized the potential mitochondria-targeted therapies in diabetic vascular complications.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate anxiety status and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) among empty nesters in China, so as to improve their quality of life and provide direction for further research. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4901 empty nesters in Shanxi, China. Anxiety, weight, height, depression, socio-demographic variables, attention to daily nutritional health, social activities, and self-care ability were evaluated in the study. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare differences in categorical and continuous variables. Binary logistic regression was performed to explore the association between anxiety and BMI among male and female empty nesters. Results The results showed that 44.5% of empty nesters reported anxiety, of which, 43.2% were male participants and 45.9% were female participants. After adjusting for other variables, overweight empty nesters odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.813 (0.692-0.954) were less likely to be anxious, compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Gender was a significant factor in the relationship, with the negative association between overweight and anxiety only found in female empty nesters OR (95%CI) = 0.718 (0.572-0.901). Income, education, complete self-care ability, and depression showed significant associations with anxiety. Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety was high in the study population. Gender is a significant factor in the relationship between anxiety and BMI among empty nesters. The results intend to inform the government and media that overweight is a protective factor for anxiety among female empty nesters, necessitating a move toward eliminating weight bias.

This study proposes the establishment of a knowledge-system ontology in the nursing field. It uses advanced data mining techniques, digital publishing technologies, and new media concepts to comprehensively integrate and deepen nursing knowledge and to aggregate sources of knowledge in specialized technical fields. This study applies all forms of media and transmission channels, such as personal computers and mobile devices, to establish a knowledge-transmission system that provides knowledge services such as knowledge search, update retrieval, evaluation, questions and answers (Q&As), online viewing, information subscription, expert services, push notifications, review forums, and online learning. In doing so, this study creates an authoritative and foundational knowledge service engine for the nursing field, which provides convenient, flexible, and comprehensive knowledge services to members of the nursing industry in a digital format.

Advanced lung cancer is becoming a chronic disease threatening human life and health. Cachexia has been recognized as the most common problem associated with advanced lung cancer. Lung cancer-induced cachexia seriously affects patients' quality of life. The present article summarizes the pathogenesis of advanced lung cancer-induced cachexia from three aspects: anorexia, cytokines, and energy and metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the present article proposes corresponding nursing measures based on cachexia pathogenesis to improve the quality of life and survival rate of cachectic patients with advanced lung cancer by combining continuously advancing treatment regimens and effective nursing. The present article also provides references for healthcare professionals when administering related treatments and nursing care.

At present, with the continuous development of the trend of population aging worldwide, more elderly people are increasingly facing serious life disorders caused by physical and mental disability. In this study, the common symptoms and the nursing practice related to diseases of the disabled elderly are reviewed with reference to the basic concepts of disability care and the current situation of domestic and foreign research, which is expected to provide the basis for the construction of a new model of disability nursing.

Objective This study aimed to explore the 100-year changes in regulations for the Florence Nightingale Medal. Methods We used the announcements of the Florence Nightingale Medal awards as the research object to analyze – via historical and inductive methods – the regulations for receiving the Florence Nightingale Medal. Results In the award years, the greatest number of winners per award year was 71 and the lowest was 12. The medal was initially exclusively awarded to living people but evolved to include both living and deceased people. The recipients were balanced among all countries. The gender of the winners showed a changing trend from being limited to only females to including both males and females. There was also a shift from emphasis on only dedication of the recipient to equal emphasis on both dedication and innovation. Conclusions The selection criteria for recipients of the Florence Nightingale Medal evolved from consideration of those showing only dedication to equal consideration of both dedication and innovation.

Objective To investigate the research hotspots and development trends of Chinese geriatric medicine by analyzing the high-frequency keywords, core authors, research institutions and their collaborations in papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics . Methods Bibliometric methods and information visualization software (CiteSpace III) were used to analyze the following 3 aspects: keywords, institutions and authors. Results Overall, the number of papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics grew between 1994 and 2015. The top 3 institutions with the greatest numbers of published papers were Beijing Hospital, People's Liberation Army General Hospital and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The authors with high productivity were Pulin Yu, Jianye Wang and Xiaoying Li. The terms “Diabetes”, “hypertension” and “myocardial infarction” were hotspot words that drew sustained attention in this field. Conclusions Research on geriatric medicine is growing steadily in China. Hospitals and teaching hospitals are major contributors to publications. The collaboration of authors is more common within the same institutions or in the same regions. Clinical research is still the focus of current research. In the future, basic research should be strengthened, and collaborations between different institutions and regions should be promoted to achieve coordinated and integrated development in Chinese geriatric medicine.

This study aimed to investigate the factors impacting time to diagnosis in pediatric central nervous system tumors. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used in this study. A self-developed questionnaire for health-seeking behavior and influencing factors was used in children with intracranial tumors. The factors related to time to diagnosis and the long-term prognosis of children were analyzed. A total of 433 families replied to the questionnaire. The median parental interval was 50 days (range 0 ~ 884), the median diagnostic interval was 97 days (range 4 ~ 1646), and the median prediagnostic symptomatic interval (PSI) was 123 days (range 8 ~ 1844). Higher education was associated with a shorter parental interval (mother: P = 0.048; father: P = 0.035). The diagnostic interval was shortened in patients with dizziness (P = 0.022), abnormal eye movement (P = 0.034), or drowsiness (P = 0.021). A shorter PSI was observed in patients who presented with high intracranial pressure such as headache (P = 0.016), dizziness (P = 0.009), or drowsiness (P = 0.023) and those who went to a higher-level health institution or patients who went to neurology or neurosurgery department as the first medical consultation. No statistically significant difference was found in the interval time (parental interval, diagnostic interval, and PSI) regarding patients’ outcomes. Different time intervals showed different factors influencing the long delay in diagnosing central nervous system tumors, highlighting the need for increased awareness to improve the treatment efficacy.

Objective To assess the overall trends in the development and citation impact of high-impact papers in nursing research worldwide to gain insight into the focus areas of nursing research. Background Bibliometric method is proved to be effective in analysing the papers' characteristics, and it gained considerable interest from the scientific community in recent years. An analysis of the characteristics and intrinsic patterns of high-impact papers in nursing research will provide an objective reflection of the research hot spots. Nursing managers can pointedly increase funding amount and strengthen research cooperation in order to put the scientific results into management practice. Methods Bibliometric methods and visualization software were used to comprehensively analyse high-impact papers in nursing research in terms of development trends, countries/regions, distribution of subject areas, research institutes, collaborative networks and subject terms. Results There were 6,886 papers between 2008 and 2018. The number of papers increased from 528 in 2008 to 723 in 2015, and then remained above 600 in 2016 and 2017. These papers were mainly distributed in nursing, oncology, paediatrics, gynaecology, teaching and education, and cardiac and cardiovascular systems and were cited by 128,845 papers that came from 89 Web of Science subject areas. Papers in nursing research accounted for the largest share of these citations. The top five countries in the world in terms of the number of high-impact papers were the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and Sweden. The research institutions with the highest number of high-impact papers worldwide were the University of California System, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of North Carolina, the University of London and the University of Technology Sydney. In this data set, it was shown that research collaborative circles have been formed in the United States, Australia, Canada and Europe; the subject-term analysis indicated that 'women' and 'students' have always been high-interest populations for high-impact papers and that cancer is still one of the greatest threats to human health. Furthermore, the subject terms of high-impact papers in nursing research have gradually evolved from 'disease' and 'therapy' to 'symptoms'. Conclusion In recent years, the number of high-impact papers published each year in nursing research has grown over time. Nursing has been shown to be a highly specialized subject, and the majority of its high-impact papers have been published by research institutions. Although cross-regional collaborations are beginning to emerge, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Finally, women, students, cancer and symptomatic care are the current focus areas in nursing research. Implications for nursing management This study informs nursing managers within the nursing research field about subject areas, collaborative networks and hot topics. It is beneficial to pay attention to studies, manage scientific outputs, allocate resources, seek cooperation and improve the work efficiency of scientific research management.

Background With the disintegration of the extended family in recent years, the empty-nest phenomenon is increasingly common in China and the health of empty nesters is attracting more attention. Lifestyles, accounting for 53% in determining death, play a vital role in improving the health of individuals. However, it was rarely studied in promoting the health of empty nesters. In this study, we proposed a “SMG” model in empty nesters, including the self-management, mutual management, and group management, to implement health-promoting lifestyles interventions among empty nesters to provide an effective means to improve their lifestyles and health. Methods We conducted a prospective intervention on 350 empty nesters in three communities located in Taiyuan, China. One hundred sixty-seven empty nesters were randomly assigned to the intervention group with SMG-based health-promoting lifestyles interventions used for 7-months, and 183 were randomly assigned to the control group with no measures imposed. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-C) was used to rate the lifestyles of empty nesters. Generalized estimation model was used to analyze the differences between the intervention and control groups over time, adjusted for education and employment. Results After 7 months of health-promoting lifestyles intervention, HPLP-C score and each dimension score in the intervention group all increase from baseline. There were significant differences after intervention associated with time and group interaction effects in aspects of HPLP-C (mean score = 8.838, 95%CI:6.369–11.306), self-realization (mean score = 1.443, 95%CI:0.352–2.534), Health responsibility (mean score = 1.492, 95%CI:0.477–2.508), physical activity (mean score = 1.031, 95%CI:0.572–1.491), nutrition (mean = 0.827, 95%CI:0.177–1.476), interpersonal relations (mean = 2.917, 95%CI:2.365–3.469) and stress management (mean score = 0.729, 95%CI:0.131–1.327). And education is contributing to the effect of the health-promoting lifestyle intervention (Estimate:8.833, p Conclusions SMG-based health-promoting lifestyles intervention in empty nesters effectively improved the lifestyles of empty nesters, and the outcome was affected by education. Lifestyle change requires ongoing intervention, and community service centres must be involved in implementing the “SMG” model to provide ongoing support and improve the effect of interventions among empty nesters. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial ChiCTR1800015884. Registration date: 26–04-2018. Retrospectively registered.

Background: External ventricular drainage (EVD) is common after brain surgery. However, the incidence of EVD-related infection (ERI) is still relatively high and can increase morbidity and mortality.Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze ERI factors in pediatric population post-brain tumor surgery.Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, 147 patients

Background: TB is one of the top 10 causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. The study characterize the developmental trends and collaboration features in the field of tuberculosis (TB) at the national level and identify high-impact countries. Methods: Scientometrics and social network analysis methods were used to analyze the research situation and collaboration behaviors based on TB research indexed in Web of Science from 1998 to 2017. Results: The publication output, national collaborative rate, and collaborative level have steadily increased from 1998 to 2017. However, domestic publications still account for a substantial proportion of a nation's publications. Over time, the numbers of national publications and international collaborative publications have increased in total, but the growth trend of their share as a proportion of total national publications is not significant. The United States of America has the largest number of highly cited publications, while Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Sweden have higher values of average relative citation than do other countries. Notably, the United Kingdom and South Africa have established the strongest and most stable collaboration. Conclusions: There was increasing research activity and collaboration in the field of TB during the period 1998 to 2017, but growth shows wide variability between countries. Further comprehensive and full collaboration should be promoted.

Aim To investigate the effect of sitagliptin on Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the tubulointerstitium of diabetic nephropathy. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided into normal control (NC), diabetic model (DM), low and high-dose sitagliptin intervention groups (ST1 and ST2, respectively). Changes in the biochemical parameters and tubulointerstitial fibrosis index were observed. The levels of protein and gene expression of different indicators were detected via immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. NRK-52E cells were divided into the normal control group, mannitol control group, high glucose group (HG), high glucose plus sitagliptin intervention group (HG + ST) and high glucose plus Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor group (HG + XAV939). The relevant indicators were examined by Western blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the NC group, the blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, 24 h urinary albumin, creatinine clearance and tubulointerstitial fibrosis index were significantly increased in the DM group. These parameters were decreased in the ST1 and ST2 groups compared to the DM group. Compared with the NC group, the levels of Wnt4, β-catenin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and α-smooth muscle actin were higher and E-cadherin was lower in the DM group. Sitagliptin treatment reversed these changes. In the high glucose-stimulated NRK-52E cells, sitagliptin and XAV939 inhibited the elevated expression of Wnt4, β-catenin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β and fibronectin and restored E-cadherin activity. Conclusion Sitagliptin may inhibit the tubulointerstitial Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy and provide renal protection by alleviatinge renal tubulointerstitial transdifferentiation and fibrosis.

Background China has the world’s largest size of elderly population. Mental disorders of the elders deserve keen attention. This study aims to comparatively explore mental disorders and risk factors among empty and non-empty nesters. Methods Using the stratified random cluster sampling method, we recruited 8526 elders aged 60 years and above from 11 cities in Shanxi Province in central China, comprising 4901 empty and 3625 non-empty nesters. The mental disorders were assessed with the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12). The binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the risk factors in the two groups. Results The prevalence of mental disorders in empty nesters was significantly higher than that in non-empty ones (26.9% vs 23.5%). Binary logistic regression showed that the empty nesters who lived alone or lived in an institution were more likely to suffer from mental disorders compared with the non-empty ones, empty nesters living with spouse showed no significant deviation. And single status, hardly or part self-care ability, having chronic diseases, having lower income, and paying less attention to daily healthy diet had positive associations with mental disorders for empty nesters, and no or partial self-care ability and having chronic diseases for non-empty nesters. Conclusions The study indicated that empty nesters had a higher prevalence of mental disorders than non-empty ones. Empty nesters living alone, with no or partial self-care ability, chronic disease, lower income and less attention to daily healthy diet were more vulnerable to mental disorders. And the lack of self-care ability and having chronic diseases were risk factors of mental disorders for non-empty nesters.

Review question: The review question is: what is the best available evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture as an adjunct treatment for women with postnatal depression?

Objective: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy commonly experience depression and anxiety, which, along with adverse effects of chemotherapy, inevitably compromise quality of life (QOL) of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a psycho-educational intervention on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Two hundred in-patients with unresectable advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January to October 2013 were randomized into the intervention group (n = 100) and the control group (n = 100). Patients in the intervention group received a purposely designed and nurse-delivered psycho-educational intervention in addition to routine caring and chemotherapy, whereas those in the control group underwent chemotherapy and routine caring only. QOL of patients was assessed according to QOL instrument for lung cancer (QLICP-LU). The impact of the psycho-educational intervention on QOL was analyzed using independent-sample t test and χ2 test. Results: The psychological, physical, and social function, and the overall QOL scores were significantly improved in patients who received the psycho-educational intervention compared with those in the control group. Conclusions: A nurse-delivered psycho-educational intervention is a useful strategy to improve QOL of patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported worldwide. Residents of Taiyuan, China, were predicted to be at high risk of vitamin D deficiency due to its high latitude, heavy air pollution, and cultural sun avoidance. This study investigated the vitamin D status of office workers, and explored the potential determinants of capillary 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration as well as the relationship between 25(OH)D and metabolic syndrome. Two hundred participants, aged 20 to 80 years, were recruited. Capillary dried blood spot (DBS) 25(OH)D was measured; together with anthropometric (height, weight, and waist circumference), biochemical (serum lipid profile and fasting glucose) measures and a lifestyle questionnaire. Thirty-four percent of participants had 25(OH)D concentrations below 30 nmol/L, indicating deficient vitamin D status. Women’s 25(OH)D (median; 32.7 nmol/L (upper and lower quartile; 25.8, 43.8)) was significantly lower than men (44.0 nmol/L (32.3, 55.4)) (p < 0.01). Female gender, higher fasting glucose, and increased smoking (p < 0.05) were negatively associated with 25(OH)D concentration. However, there was no association found between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 25(OH)D concentration and no significant difference in vitamin D status between men or women with MetS compared to healthy individuals. Vitamin D deficiency was common in urban residents of Taiyuan in winter and more so in women than men.

Objective This study sought to investigate the content of the prescription rights and the prescription types of midwives under certain circumstances in China. Methods The Delphi method was used to consult 18 nursing experts and 14 medical experts. A total of 30 experts finished the consulting. The reliability of the expert opinions was analyzed to determine the specific situations in which midwives may write prescriptions, the content of the prescription rights and the prescription types. Results In six specific circumstances (uterine contraction fatigue, uterine contractions that are too strong, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of the membranes, normal delivery and neonatal asphyxia), midwives have the right to prescribe and administer medication, including 20 drugs and 13 auxiliary examinations. Of these drugs and examinations, 51.5% of the drugs and adjuvant examination prescriptions tend to be independent prescriptions, 30.3% tend to be protocol prescriptions, and 18.2% are similar to both types. Conclusions The midwives should be granted some prescription rights to enhance their autonomy and the professionalism of midwifery.

Objective This study was conducted to understand the trends and research hotspots of clinical nursing in China and abroad, thereby to provide guidance for nursing practice and studies. Methods We retrieved clinical nursing literature (excluding literature related to psychological nursing and traditional Chinese medicine nursing) cited in Wanfang Data ( www.wanfangdata.com.cn ) and PubMed between 2007 and 2015 and subsequently performed bibliometric analyses on article volume, journal, clustering of high-frequency keywords, and co-occurrence of keywords. Results A total of 10374 publications, excluding those related to psychological nursing, were retrieved via a PubMed search. The literature displayed a rising trend in terms of annual publication volume. The journal distribution of clinical nursing publications overall was consistent with Bradford's Law. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2007 and 2009 included: (1) studies on effects of the midwife and midwifery methods for natural childbirth; (2) studies on emergency nursing care; (3) studies on dementia care; (4) studies on bandage dressing in trauma nursing; and (5) studies on quality of life in cancer patients nursing. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2010 and 2012 included: (1) studies on obstetric nurse–patient relationships; (2) studies on patients' medical team in stroke nursing; (3) studies on cancer nursing methods; (4) studies on nursing patients with trauma related to urinary incontinence; and (5) studies on the quality of life of caregivers of dementia patients. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2013 and 2015 included (1) studies on skin care and bandaging in trauma nursing; (2) studies on evidence-based nursing in AIDS care; (3) studies on nurses' role in obstetric nurse–patient relationships; studies on cancer nursing methods; (4) studies on nursing for Alzheimer's disease and dementia; and (5) studies on caregivers and nursing of stroke patients. A Wanfang Data search retrieved a total of 85570 publications, whose volume also exhibited an annual rising trend, in particular with regard to those in core journals. However, percentage of total publication volume, mean cited frequency per article, and total ranking of clinical nursing publications overall displayed a decreasing trend. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2007 and 2009 included: (1) diabetes nursing; (2) nursing for cancer; (3) nursing for senility-related diseases; (4) nursing in the event of complications; (5) nursing for hypertension; (6) studies on quality of life after nursing interventions; (7) chemotherapy nursing; (8) studies on compliance after nursing interventions; (9) constipation nursing; and (10) nursing for stroke patients. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2010 and 2012 included: (1) diabetes nursing; (2) nursing for cancer; (3) nursing for senility-related diseases; (4) studies on quality of life after nursing interventions; (5) nursing in the event of complications; (6) nursing for hypertension; (7) prevention nursing; (8) perioperative nursing; (9) pain nursing; and (10) studies on compliance after nursing interventions. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2013 and 2015 included: (1) diabetes nursing; (2) nursing in the event of complications; (3) cancer nursing; (4) studies on quality of life after nursing interventions; (5) nursing for stroke patients; (6) nursing for the elderly; (7) studies on compliance after nursing interventions; (8) nursing for hypertension; (9) constipation nursing; and (10) prevention nursing. Conclusions Clinical nursing research in China is in a rapid development stage as defined by Price's law whereby there is a rapid growth in publication volume. By comparison, clinical nursing research in developed countries is in the stable development stage or maturation phase, which is characterized by a flat curve of publication volume and stable development rate. There is a gap of 25–30 years between China and these countries in terms of the growth phases of clinical nursing literature.

Objective To analyze clinical psychological nursing research hotspots in China and variation trends in order to provide reference points on the current state of development of clinical psychological nursing and future research hotspots. Method Clinical psychological nursing research literature sourced from Wanfang Data for the three periods of 2007–2009, 2010–2012, and 2013–2015 were selected as the research sample. A bibliographic co-occurrence analysis system (BICOMB software) was used to perform keyword word frequency analysis and generate a keyword co-occurrence matrix. In addition, Ucinet software's Netdraw tool was used to create visualized network diagrams. Results A total of 27890 articles were retrieved, and word frequency analysis revealed that the highest-frequency keywords consisted of anxiety, depression, the elderly, expectant women, coronary heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, perioperative period, quality of life, and psychological intervention. Research hotspot analysis revealed that consistent hotspots comprised anxiety, depression, health education, and perioperative period; expectant women became a hotspot during 2010–2012, and quality of life and efficacy became hotspots during 2013–2015. Conclusions In addition to the care process, clinical psychological nursing research hotspots in China have increasingly included the effectiveness of psychological nursing and impact on patient quality of life. In addition, research hotspots have been influenced by the incidence of illnesses and people's health consciousness.

The remote sensing technology is of importance to monitor air quality due to its real-time and convenience in rural or montane areas. Based on regression analysis method and histogram analysis method, a new approach of generating inhomogenous atmospheric path radiation images based on MODIS remote sensing images is put forward by water, cloud and land surface computed alone mainly. The experimental result shows that this method is able to compute atmospheric path radiation values under inhomogenous atmosphere effectively. Meantime, Comparing with 6S proves its worth and validity strongly. Finally, it provides another new way to study on atmosphere environment research in the future.