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Xenograft bone substitutes are commonly used to increase bone volume and height in the deficient posterior maxilla. The addition of enamel matrix derivate (Emdogain) could increase the efficiency of the bone healing process. The aim of this prospective randomized, controlled split-mouth design study was to compare the percentage of newly formed bone in sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine bone mineral with or without the addition of enamel matrix derivative after 6 months of healing. Sixteen bilateral sinus floor augmentation procedures were performed. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral combined with enamel matrix derivative (test) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral alone (control) groups were randomly allocated within each patient. Six months after augmentation and concurrent to implant placement, bone biopsies were taken for histomorphometric analysis. Additionally, implant survival and peri-implant bone levels were radiographically assessed at baseline and 24 months after functional loading. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly higher amount of newly formed bone in the test group compared with the control group (22.6% and 15.5%, respectively; P = .033). No significant differences in the amount of remaining graft or connective tissue was found. Enamel matrix derivative added to deproteinized bovine bone mineral particles significantly increased new bone formation in sinus lift procedures in edentulous or partially edentulous patients with deficient bilateral posterior alveolar ridges requiring augmentation for implant placement.

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the tunnel technique for root coverage using a new xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix vs. connective tissue grafting (CTG) for the treatment of multiple maxillary adjacent recessions (recession type 1) at 12 months postoperatively. Methods This study enrolled 12 patients with at least 3 contiguous, bilateral, symmetrical maxillary gingival recessions (i.e., at least 6 recessions per patient). In total, 74 recessions were treated using the modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique combined with a novel porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix (PADM) at 37 test sites or CTG at 37 control sites. The following clinical parameters were measured: recession height, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized tissue, probing depth, recession width, gingival thickness, mean root coverage (MRC), and complete root coverage (CRC). Comparisons between test and control groups were made for pain visual analog scale scores at 14 days. Results At 12 months, the MCAT with PADM (test) yielded a statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameters studied. MRC was significantly higher on the control sides (80.6%±23.7%) than on the test sides (68.8%±23.4%). Similarly, CRC was 48.7%±6.8% on the control sides (CTG), in contrast to 24.3%±8.2% on the test sides (PADM). Statistically significant differences were observed in favor of the control sides for all clinical parameters studied. Nevertheless, the MCAT in adjunction with PADM was clearly superior at reducing mean and maximum patient-reported postoperative pain intensity and pain duration in the first week after surgery. Conclusions The use of PADM to treat multiple recessions improved clinical parameters at 12 months, but these outcomes were nevertheless poorer than those observed for CTG. However, PADM reduced morbidity, particularly the pain experienced by patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03162016, Graphical Abstract

Objective To evaluate the treatment of maxillary Miller Class I and II multiple adjacent gingival recessions using the modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) combined with a new porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM). Materials and Methods Twelve patients exhibiting at least six adjacent maxillary Miller Class I and II gingival recessions were consecutively treated by means of MCAT and a PADM. Recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue height (KT), clinical attachment level (CAL), mean root coverage (RC), and complete root coverage (CRC) were recorded. Results At 12 months, CRC was obtained in 43% of the 100 gingival recessions, while the mean RC measured 84.35%. Mean RD reduction was 3.16 ± 0.75 mm (P

L’osteoradionecrosi (ORN) e una complicanza legata alla radioterapia della cavita orale o dell’orofaringe. Il rischio di ORN e piu frequentemente post-traumatico sulla mandibola che sulla mascella e persiste anche dopo molti anni dall’irradiazione. Questo rischio dipende dalla dose e persiste nonostante i cambiamenti nelle tecniche di irradiazione e il loro potenziale di preservazione della secrezione salivare e di limitazione della dose trasmessa all’osso di sostegno. La prevenzione consiste nell’evitare terapie dentarie invasive e nell’attuare una fluoroprofilassi finche resta insufficiente il recupero salivare. Il trattamento medico precoce viene realizzato a scopo antifibrosante, anti-infiammatorio e anti-infettivo e si associa a tecniche di detersione dei tessuti necrotici, ma non deve, comunque, ritardare il ricorso a un trattamento radicale.

L’osteonecrosi dei mascellari (ONM) sotto bifosfonati (BP) e secondaria a una sostanza farmacologica che modifica il rimodellamento osseo. L’incidenza di ONM in pazienti trattati con BP per affezioni maligne varia dall’1% al 10%, e dallo 0,001% allo 0,1% in caso di affezione benigna. Questo rischio e maggiore per via endovenosa che per via orale e aumenta con la durata della somministrazione. Tutto cio richiede di ridurre l’infiammazione e l’infezione locale attraverso misure di detersione parodontale (rimozione del tartaro, lucidatura) preliminarmente alla realizzazione di interventi chirurgici (con collutorio e antibioticoprofilassi). Il posizionamento di impianti dentari non e raccomandato nei pazienti in terapia con BP per via endovenosa nel quadro di patologie maligne. Il posizionamento di impianti e possibile nei pazienti con osteoporosi trattata con BP orali, dopo un’attenta valutazione del rischio. La gestione dei pazienti a rischio di sviluppare ONM da BP richiede una stretta collaborazione del medico che prescrive BP con il dentista, cosi come un rigoroso controllo dentario prima della terapia durante e dopo.

Growing evidence supports that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a putativeperiodontal pathogen, but little is known regarding EBV behavior inperiodontitis. Here, EBV infection was monitored in saliva andperiodontal pocket(PP), at baseline and 3 months after periodontal non-surgical therapy (p-NST) in 20 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. After the treatment, the patients with the improved periodontal condition (good responders) showed a significant decrease in salivary EBV load. In contrast, in poor responders, EBV load was slightly increased. Moreover, after the therapy, most patients showed clear signs of EBV infection in a deep PP (≥5mm) selected as a study site. To investigate how EBV can persist in a PP, we further investigate cellular sites of viral replication in PP. We identified large amounts of infiltrated EBV-infected cells, mostly overlapping with CD138+plasma cells (PC). EBV-infected PCs formed high-density clusters within the infiltrate and along the periodontal epithelium which were commonly associated with CD3+T-cells andCD20+B-cells to evoke diffuse ectopic lymphoid-like structures. Taking together, this study provides new insights to support a model where the periodontal condition may play a major role in oral EBV shedding. Since PC harbors the late productive phases of EBV replication, the periodontal condition may favor B-cell differentiation with possible amplification of periodontal EBV infection and viral spreading. PCs have long been recognized as pathogenic markers in inflammatory lesions. Our finding sheds new light on the role of EBV infection and PC in periodontitis.

Purpose Gingival recession is a significant problem in the esthetic zone. Connective tissue grafts have been considered the gold standard, but they need a donor site that increases morbidity and discomfort for the patient.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical results of a modified tunnel technique that consists of replacing the connective tissue graft by enamel matrix derivative, in the treatment of Miller Class I recession defects. Materials and Methods Twenty-six teeth in 14 subjects with Miller Class I recessions were treated using the tunnel procedure plus enamel matrix derivative. The gingival recession, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and the width of the keratinized gingival tissue were recorded. Results There was a statistically significant reduction in gingival recession (88% of root coverage) and a gain in clinical attachment level (3.1 mm) between baseline and 24 months post-operatively, whereas the change in width of keratinized tissue and in probing depth was not statistically significant. All patients were satisfied with the esthetic appearance and would undergo the same surgery again. Conclusion This technique could be successfully used as an alternative to connective tissue grafts, with the advantage of avoiding the discomfort and morbidity of connective tissue harvesting. Clinical Significance This modified tunnel technique using enamel matrix derivative potentially represents a clinically and esthetically satisfactory treatment of Miller Class I recession defects.

The oral cavity contributes to overall health, psychosocial well-being and quality of human life. Oral inflammatory diseases represent a major global health problem with significant social and economic impact. The development of effective therapies, therefore, requires deeper insights into the etiopathogenesis of oral diseases. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection results in a life-long persistence of the virus in the host and has been associated with numerous oral inflammatory diseases including oral lichen planus (OLP), periodontal disease and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). There is considerable evidence that the EBV infection is a strong risk factor for the development and progression of these conditions, but is EBV a true pathogen? This long-standing EBV paradox yet needs to be solved. This review discusses novel viral aspects of the etiopathogenesis of non-tumorigenic diseases in the oral cavity, in particular, the contribution of EBV in OLP, periodontitis and SS, the tropism of EBV infection, the major players involved in the etiopathogenic mechanisms and emerging contribution of EBV-pathogenic bacteria bidirectional interaction. It also proposes the involvement of EBV-infected plasma cells in the development and progression of oral inflammatory diseases. A new direction for preventing and treating these conditions may focus on controlling pathogenic EBV with anti-herpetic drugs.