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Introduction: Ulcers are one of the most frequent diseases affecting the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of omega-3 on healing of buccal traumatic ulcer in rat. Materials and methods: In this study adult male rats in 2 groups (n = 15 per group) were used. A wound circular in shape (4 mm diameter and 2 mm depth) was punched into the buccal mucosa of each rat using biopsy punch. The control group was not treated, the study group was treated with 93mg/kg body weight omega-3 that was guided to the stomach by gastric gavage. Histological samples were harvested on post-injury days 3, 7 and 14. Results: The study group had high reepithelialization and connective tissue healing score on day 7 and 14. The control group had high inflammation score on day 3 and 7, and low reepithelializtion score on day 3, 7 and 14. Conclusion: Omega-3 compound increases fibroblast counts and decreases inflammatory cell counts, and also causes an increase in reepithelialization and epithelial thickness.

Monoclonal antibody production from transgenic tobacco plants offers many advantages over other heterologous production systems, creating the prospect of production at a scale that will allow new prophylactic and therapeutic applications in global human and animal health. However, information on the major processing factors to consider for large-scale purification of antibodies from transgenic plants is currently limited, and is in urgent need of attention. The purpose of this project was to investigate methods for the initial extraction of recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from transgenic tobacco leaf tissue. Three different transgenic plant lines were studied in order to establish the parameters for optimal extraction of monoclonal antibodies that accumulate in the apoplasm, at the plasma membrane or within the endoplasmic reticulum. For each transgenic line, seven techniques for physical extraction were compared. The factors that determine the optimal extraction of antibodies from plants have a direct influence on the initial choice of expression strategy, and so must be considered at an early stage. The use of small-scale techniques that are applicable to large-scale purification was a particularly important consideration. The optimal extraction technique varied with the target location of IgG in the plant cell, and the dependence of antibody yield on the physical extraction methodology employed, the pH of the extraction buffer and the extraction temperature was demonstrated in each case. The addition of detergent to the extraction buffer may improve the yield, but this was found to be dependent on the site of accumulation of IgG within the plant cell.

For allogeneic cell therapies to reach their therapeutic potential, challenges related to achieving scalable and robust manufacturing processes will need to be addressed. A particular challenge is producing lot-sizes capable of meeting commercial demands of up to 109 cells/dose for large patient numbers due to the current limitations of expansion technologies. This article describes the application of a decisional tool to identify the most cost-effective expansion technologies for different scales of production as well as current gaps in the technology capabilities for allogeneic cell therapy manufacture. The tool integrates bioprocess economics with optimization to assess the economic competitiveness of planar and microcarrier-based cell expansion technologies. Visualization methods were used to identify the production scales where planar technologies will cease to be cost-effective and where microcarrier-based bioreactors become the only option. The tool outputs also predict that for the industry to be sustainable for high demand scenarios, significant increases will likely be needed in the performance capabilities of microcarrier-based systems. These data are presented using a technology S-curve as well as windows of operation to identify the combination of cell productivities and scale of single-use bioreactors required to meet future lot sizes. The modeling insights can be used to identify where future R&D investment should be focused to improve the performance of the most promising technologies so that they become a robust and scalable option that enables the cell therapy industry reach commercially relevant lot sizes. The tool outputs can facilitate decision-making very early on in development and be used to predict, and better manage, the risk of process changes needed as products proceed through the development pathway. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 69–83. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This paper presented a survey on the applications of Evolutionary Algorithms in Game Theory. The purpose of this work is to study existing Evolutionary Algorithms techniques applied in the field of Game Theory. We found that Game Theory is tightly related to Evolutionary Algorithms, especially Genetic Algorithm. Genetic Algorithm was mainly utilized for finding an absolute optimal strategy by virtually applying a game against a known strategy.