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The reviews have shown that regulatory governance increases the economic growth of the country that further improves the financial stability. Weak governance promotes a weak financial sector. It is established that there are several crises took place in ancient times because of failed policy (Greco, Ishizaka, Tasiou, & Torrisi, 2019; Kuc Czarnecka, Lo Piano, & Saltelli, 2020). The purpose of the research is to find out more about how weak governance can damage the economy of nations, and that is how it leads to financial instability. Besides, how good governance leads to economic stability can also be understood. The research problem presented in terms of the objective of the research is to find out the association between financial stability and regulatory governance for the selected nations under study. This is done by taking a sample of fifteen nations of the world. By taking selective indicators for regulatory governance and financial stability and applying the causality test, the association is checked. The results indicate a less significant association between regulatory governance and financial stability for nations under study. The results are relevant in continuously expanding global financial markets wherein emphasis is strong regulations.

Graphic abstract Antimicrobial textiles are functionally active textiles, which may kill the microorganisms or inhibit their growth. The present article explores the applications of different synthetic and natural antimicrobial compounds used to prepare antimicrobial textiles. Different types of antimicrobial textiles including: antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral have also been discussed. Different strategies and methods used for the detection of a textile’s antimicrobial properties against bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as viral particles have also been highlighted. These antimicrobial textiles are used in a variety of applications ranging from households to commercial including air filters, food packaging, health care, hygiene, medical, sportswear, storage, ventilation and water purification systems. Public awareness on antimicrobial textiles and growth in commercial opportunities has been observed during past few years. Not only antimicrobial properties, but its durability along with the color, prints and designing are also important for fashionable clothing; thus, many commercial brands are now focusing on such type of materials. Overall, this article summarizes the scientific aspect dealing with different fabrics including natural or synthetic antimicrobial agents along with their current functional perspective and future opportunities.

Sheikh Nizamuddin,1,2 Shivendra Dubey,1 Sakshi Singh,1 Saurav Sharma1 ,† Pratheusa Machha,1,3 Kumarasamy Thangaraj1,3,4 1CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India; 2German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) c/o Zentrale Klinische Forschung (ZKF), University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; 3AcSIR (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India; 4DBT-Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India†Mr Sharma passed away on June 11, 2019.Correspondence: Kumarasamy ThangarajCSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, IndiaFax +91-40-27160311Email thangs@ccmb.res.inIntroduction: Allelic frequency distribution of drug metabolizing enzyme genes among populations is important to identify risk groups for adverse drug reaction and to select representative populations for clinical trials. Although India emerged as an important hub for clinical trials, information about the pharmacogenetic diversity for this region is still lacking. Here, we investigated genetic diversity of cytochrome-P450-2C9 (CYP2C9) gene which metabolizes wide range of drugs and is highly expressed in the human liver.Methods: In total, 1278 individuals from 36 diverse Indian populations, 210 individuals from in-house data-repository and 489 other South Asian samples from the 1000 Genomes Project were selected. Variants observed in CYP2C9 gene were subjected to various statistical analyses.Results: High frequency of CYP2C9*3 (∼ 13%) and CYP2C9*3/*3 (∼ 1%) was observed among South Asians, compared to 21 populations living outside the Indian subcontinent. The allelic/genotypic frequency does not correlate with geographical location or linguistic affiliation, except populations speaking Tibeto-Burmans language, who have lower frequency of CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C9*3/*3. Since, South Asians practice strict endogamy, presence of unique mutation and high frequency of homozygous genotypes not surprising. CYP2C9*3 has been associated with therapeutic response.The effect of CYP2C9*3/*3 is more pronounced compared to heterozygous and wild type homozygous genotypes as evident in many in vitro studies. As South Asians have high frequency, it would be interesting to explore potential of CYP2C9*3 as a marker for personalized therapy. Our study revealed several rare functional variants, which form eight novel and rare haplotypes of CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*63–*70). Of which, CYP2C9*64, *65, *66, *68, *69 and *70 haplotypes are South Asian-specific.Conclusion: Overall, we find high genetic heterogeneity within South Asians and identified South Asian-specific putative functional CYP2C9 haplotypes. High frequency of CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C9*3/*3 was observed in South Asian populations. Taken together, current study greatly enriches the knowledge of naturally occurring CYP2C9 variants and its diversity in South Asia, which are relevant to further CYP2C9-related functional research and for personalized medicine.Keywords: pharmacogenetics, CYP2C9, South Asians, genetic diversity

The review describes the development and advancement of thermoelectric based dehumidifier systems. Thermoelectric cooling in thermoelectric dehumidifiers has various advantages over conventional techniques, such as lightweight, compact size, noise-free (no moving part), and eco-friendly operation. The review initially describes the basic principle and different techniques used for dehumidification. Then, thermoelectric dehumidifiers are introduced and their governing parameters are discussed. Further, thermoelectric dehumidifier-based prototypes are reviewed and discussed over their design and performance. The patents and commercialized products developed on thermoelectric dehumidifiers were also briefly discussed and compared. Lastly, this review states the challenges for the more efficient and large-scale operation of thermoelectric-based dehumidifiers and simplifies ways for further improvement. Thus, the study illustrates the current status of thermoelectric dehumidifiers and provides futuristic scopes for their development.

Anomaly Detection is an important research domain of Pattern Recognition due to its effects of classification and clustering problems. In this paper, an anomaly detection algorithm is proposed using different primitive cost functions such as Normal Perceptron, Relaxation Criterion, Mean Square Error (MSE) and Ho-Kashyap. These criterion functions are minimized to locate the decision boundary in the data space so as to classify the normal data objects and the anomalous data objects. The authors proposed algorithm uses the concept of supervised classification, though it is very different from solving normal supervised classification problems. This proposed algorithm using different criterion functions has been compared with the accuracy of the Neural Networks (NN) in order to bring out a comparative analysis between them and discuss some advantages.

In this paper, we focus on the spatio-temporal aspect of recognizing Activities of Daily Living (ADL). ADL have two specific properties (i) subtle spatio-temporal patterns and (ii) similar visual patterns varying with time. Therefore, ADL may look very similar and often necessitate to look at their fine-grained details to distinguish them. Because the recent spatio-temporal 3D ConvNets are too rigid to capture the subtle visual patterns across an action, we propose a novel Video-Pose Network: VPN. The 2 key components of this VPN are a spatial embedding and an attention network. The spatial embedding projects the 3D poses and RGB cues in a common semantic space. This enables the action recognition framework to learn better spatio-temporal features exploiting both modalities. In order to discriminate similar actions, the attention network provides two functionalities - (i) an end-to-end learnable pose backbone exploiting the topology of human body, and (ii) a coupler to provide joint spatio-temporal attention weights across a video. Experiments show that VPN outperforms the state-of-the-art results for action classification on a large scale human activity dataset: NTU-RGB+D 120, its subset NTU-RGB+D 60, a real-world challenging human activity dataset: Toyota Smarthome and a small scale human-object interaction dataset Northwestern UCLA., Comment: Accepted in ECCV 2020

Secured data transmission is one of the real issues faced in the world of Web. As the measure of data on Web is expanding daily, the importance of data security is also increasing. Several techniques like cryptography, watermarking, steganography are used to enhance the data to be transmitted. This paper uses a novel steganographic algorithm in the spatial domain using the concept of pixel modulation which diminishes the changes that occur in the stego image generated from the cover image. Experimental results and analysis of the observations show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Different metrics like mean square error (MSE), peak to signal ratio (PSNR), bit-plane analysis, and histogram analysis have been used to show the better results of the proposed algorithm over the existing ones.

Recurrent bacterial meningitis is very rare phenomenon in paediatric age group. Finding the aetiology of recurrent meningitis often poses diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Among the several aetiologies, structural deficiencies at the base of skull, congenital or acquired, are readily correctable ones and hence it’s imperative to find out the location of the gap in order to surgically repair it. We report the diagnostic dilemma faced while managing a 15-year-old boy with recurrent pneumococcal meningitis. Aetiology could only be found after exclusion of immunodeficiency and performing a series of imaging studies. CT cisternogram clinched the diagnosis and patient was cured successfully. A single imaging modality, be it CT/MRI scan, although proven to be better than others according to literature, might not be sufficient while finding the cause of recurrent bacterial meningitis in an immunocompetent host.

Sodium valproate is an effective antiepileptic drug used as monotherapy or adjuvant/alternative with other antiepileptic drugs. Haematological toxicity of this drug, though rare, is now an established fact and comprises mainly of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia. Very few cases of Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) following valproate therapy were reported in last 35 years but none presented as acute emergency. We report a case of a 7-year-old child suffering from absence seizure who developed features of acute heart failure due to anemia after 2 months of sodium valproate monotherapy. No underlying haematological or cardiological cause was found. Bone marrow study showed evidence of PRCA. After discontinuation of the drug patient improved gradually and never relapsed again. This case highlights the importance of haematological evaluation both clinically and by laboratory investigation during follow up visits after starting sodium valproate therapy

Scrub typhus is known to cause local and systemic vasculitic response in almost all the systems of the body. In central nervous system it most commonly causes meningitis and encephalitis although several other atypical presentations have been documented. We present a case of a 3 years old child presenting with fever and isolated acute cerebellitis. Serum showed IgM antibodies to scrub typhus by ELISA. MRI scan of brain also corroborated with clinical findings. Patient showed rapid response to doxycycline therapy.