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Purpose This study introduces a standardized 2-plane approach using 8 landmarks to assess alveolar bone levels in mice using micro-computed tomography. Materials and Methods Bone level differences were described as distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC) and as percentages of vertical bone height and vertical bone loss, comparing mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) to controls. Eight measurements were obtained per tooth: 2 in the sagittal plane (mesial and distal) and 6 in the coronal plane (mesiobuccal, middle-buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, middle-lingual, and distolingual). Results Significant differences in the CEJ-to-ABC distance between Pg-infected mice and controls were found in the coronal plane (middle-lingual, mesiobuccal, and distolingual for the first molar; and mesiobuccal, middle-buccal, and distolingual for the second molar). In the sagittal plane, the distal measurement of the second molar was different. The middle-buccal, mesiobuccal, and distolingual sites of the first and second molars showed vertical bone loss relative to controls; the second molar middle-lingual site was also different. In the sagittal plane, the mesial sites of the first and second molars and the distal site of the second molar showed loss. Significantly different vertical bone height percentages were found for the mesial and distal sites of the second molar (sagittal plane) and the middle-lingual and distolingual sites of the first molar(coronal plane). Conclusion A reliable, standardized technique for linear periodontal assessments in mice is described. Alveolar bone loss occurred mostly on the lingual surface of the coronal plane, which is often omitted in studies.

Acoustic Voice Quality Index and Dysphonia Severity Index are the two most widely used multiparametric objective measures that can successfully quantify voice quality. Latoszek et al. (2019) reported that gender had no influence on both AVQI and DSI in Dutch population. However, there is a lack of research focussed on investigating the gender effect on both DSI and AVQI and on investigating the relationship between DSI and AVQI in the Indian adult population. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of gender on DSI and AVQI and to explore the relation between the two in the Indian adult population. 138 normophonic individuals (74 females and 64 males) were considered as participants. The phonation of /a/ and reading samples were considered as stimuli for extracting AVQI analysed using AVQI script version 02.03. The raw values of MPT, highest frequency, lowest intensity, and Jitter% were obtained from VRP module and MDVP module of Computerized Speech Lab to calculate the DSI. The results revealed that gender has significant effect on CPPs, HNR and TiltLTAS, ShimLocal, ShimdB, MPT, F0-High and Jitter%. While the overall AVQI, DSI, SlopeLTAS and I-Low were independent of gender effect. To conclude, the present study provides the reference data for AVQI v.2.03 and DSI for healthy Indian adults and discusses the influence of gender on AVQI, DSI and their constituent parameters.

Hand sanitizer is a supplement or alternative to hand washing with soap and water. The production of hand sanitizers from locally grown medicinal plants namely; wild spinach, turmeric, garlic) and camphor was achieved by obtaining the plants, grinding and performing ethanolic extraction for 72hrs on them. This ethanolic extract in combination with glycerin and absolute ethanol were used for the final preparation. Turmeric and garlic failed the hand sanitizer ‘s approval test based on their colour and pungent smell, but wild spinach and camphor were found to be good candidates for hand sanitizers production here in Nigeria and inclusion of such products here could increase hand hygiene compliance levels.

Smart basket is a technology that uses Arduino and RFID. During pandemic times like Covid-19 there gets the crowd in the grocery marts, and the customer must wait in queue for final billing. But there may be high risk during these times of spreading the disease, so Smart basket brings an ideal solution for getting the final billing done. Using Arduino and RFID tag customer gets a final bill through the web app which gives a list of products scanned by the smart basket. The customer can remove the products which he further wishes to eliminate from his basket and delete the item from the final bill in the web app which can result in savings too. This smart basket also reduces manpower as the traditional method of buying the products involves a long time, with RFID tag the same thing is performed in a modern way.

BACKGROUND There are limited data on the role of chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and poor performance status (PS). METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective observational study in patients with SCLC and PS 3 or 4. We recorded the initial therapy, symptom improvement, response rate, overall survival (OS), and the impact of various factors on OS. RESULTS From June 2010 to August 2019, we enrolled 234 patients; 185 (79%) with PS 3 and 49 (21%) PS 4. Initial therapy was best supportive care (BSC) in 49 patients (21%), standard full dose chemotherapy in 31 (13%), and attenuated chemotherapy in 154 (66%). In 89% patients treated with attenuated chemotherapy, symptom-relief occurred at a median of 3 days (IQR, 1-7). Grade 3 and higher toxicities developed in 60% patients treated with initial attenuated chemotherapy, commonly hyponatremia in 39%, neutropenia in 16%, anemia in 11%, and infection in 10%. Grade 3 and higher toxicities as a result of standard chemotherapy occurred in 89% patients treated with upfront standard full dose chemotherapy compared to 69% of patients who received initial attenuated chemotherapy with subsequent treatment escalation. Overall, there were 6 (2.6%) toxic deaths. The response rate to chemotherapy was 77%. The median OS of the patients who received any chemotherapy was significantly longer at 6 months (95% CI, 4.8-7.2) compared to 1 month (95% CI, 0.4-1.6 months) in patients who were managed with BSC, p

Background Although cough is a common and distressing symptom in patients with lung cancer, there is almost no evidence to guide treatment. Aprepitant, a centrally acting neurokinin-1 inhibitor, significantly decreased cough frequency in a pilot study. Methods Patients with advanced lung cancer and cough lasting over 2 weeks despite a cough suppressant were randomized 1:1 to aprepitant 125 mg orally on day 1 and then 80 mg orally on days 2 to 7 with physician’s choice of antitussive; or to physician’s choice of antitussive alone. Evaluation was at baseline and on days 3, 7, 9, and 12. The primary end point was subjective cough improvement on day 9, measured by the Visual Analog Scale and Manchester Cough in Lung Cancer Scale. Secondary end points included quality of life (QoL) as measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire and the EORTC Lung Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire and toxicity. Results Between 2017 and 2018, 128 patients were randomized. Median baseline cough duration was 90 days. Mean Visual Analog Scale scores (in mm) at baseline and day 9 were 68 and 39 in the aprepitant arm and 62 and 49 in the control arm, respectively (P Conclusions Aprepitant led to a significant improvement in cough in advanced lung cancer, without increasing severe side effects. Trial Registry Clinical Trials Registry-India; No.: CTRI/2017/05/008691; URL: http://ctri.nic.in

Innovation in IT and technology leads to new developments within the organization. It is important for companies to respond more quickly to the changing trends in order to stay competitive. ITIL change management allows companies to introduce new technologies without interruption or downtime. It follows a standard practice to avoid any unwanted interruptions and involves evaluation, planning and approval of changes. Change Management is all about managing risk for the company and it is linked to the perception of risk that the company has. Risk Analysis is primary component when it comes to any software changes; organizations are concerned about risk management. For better performance by identifying and assessing risk in systematic manner is the aim of the risk management. In ITIL change management risk assessment is a manual process. Automation of risk analysis would have enormous benefits, like reducing the downtime, maximize the productivity and so on. So this paper is mainly on the survey of different supervised machine algorithms of machine learning, like support vector machine, Naive Bayes, logistic regressions.

Now-a-days the amount of power consumed by lighting and streets shares a major energy demand. Nowadays, human has become too busy, and is unable to find time even to switch off the lights wherever not necessary. Generally, street lights are switched on for whole night and during the day, they are switched off. But during the night time, street lights are not necessary if there is no traffic. Saving of this energy is very important factor these days as energy resources are getting reduced day by day. To overcome from this issue, a proper energy saving methods and lighting control to be implemented. The proposed work is to have two controls like, one is to switch of lights during no vehicle moments in streets and automatically switch it on when vehicles arrive and the other modes are to give less intensity light for pedestrian and to switch on bright mode during vehicle moments at sides on the roads. In this work the sensor is used for street arrangement, the Photo diodes and IR sensors are used to sense vehicle moments. The control signals of sensors have been fed to microcontroller 8051. Moreover the automatic and intelligent control schemes are required to control the complex lighting system due to growth of cities and standard of living.

Drug delivery via the pulmonary route is a cornerstone in the pharmaceutical sector as an alternative to oral and parenteral administration. Nebulizer inhalation treatment offers multiple drug administration, easily employed with tidal breathing, suitable for children and elderly, can be adapted for severe patients and visible spray ensures patient satisfaction. This review discusses the operational and mechanical characteristics of nebulizer delivery devices in terms of aerosol production processes, their usage, benefits and drawbacks that are currently shaping the contemporary landscape of inhaled drug delivery. With the advent of particle engineering, novel inhaled nanosystems can be successfully developed to increase lung deposition and decrease pulmonary clearance. The above-mentioned advances might pave the path for treating a life-threatening disorder like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is also discussed in the current state of the art.

A 75-year old golf-player underwent an open radical cystectomy for a grade 3 bladder carcinoma. His medical history was unremarkable. Post-operatively, he was admitted to the ITU for observation and transferred to the ward after 3 days. On the 5th day post-op, he developed sudden SOB, tachypnoea and hypotension. Blood gas analysis revealed T1 respiratory failure and lactate of 3.3. He was commenced on anticoagulants and a CTPA incidentally found multiple small pulmonary emboli- suspected to be chronic. He developed severe HAP and was transferred back to ITU. 10 days later after improvement he was stepped down. His oral intake had significantly reduced and his urine output was low. He was alert but ward nurses found him to be vacant and significantly confused after his second step down. A CXR was unremarkable. He reported hallucinations and was struggling with his memory. A week later, he was transferred to a community hospital for rehabilitation as his delirium was improving. In the community, he experienced ongoing confusion and hallucinations. Nurses noted hematochezia and jaundice and he was re-admitted with abdominal pain and pyrexia. His LFTs were severely deranged and he was initiated on antibiotics for possible cholangitis. USS abdomen, CT and MRCP revealed no obvious cause of obstruction. A probable diagnosis of viral hepatitis was made by the Gastroenterologist which spontaneously resolved. CT head for confusion screen revealed right frontal lobe ischaemia with severe gliosis- possibly post-operative. The psychiatric team reviewed the patient and he was diagnosed with post-ITU delirium.

The growing importance of data science and analytics has led to innovative applications spread across various fields and genres over a short period of time. While data and the associated science are challenges in themselves, the applications using them to solve existing problems have instigated and brought to the spotlight new obstacles. To explore the new found understanding of the data middle ground between natural language and computer grammar, we propose a data science application model, Po-Miner. Po-Miner is an online poem generator based on scraped online web data. Along with syllable counts, rhymes, and other poem notions, Po-Miner induces clustering, and other data mining techniques via the Po-Select algorithm for random poem generation. Though a random poem lacks completeness and meaning, the very aspect of randomness brings in creativity and depth. Po-Miner operates on the grammar rules to generate a poem structured in a 5 × 5 grid. The paper presents the Po-Miner model, implementation, poems, analysis, and further, extends to its applicability in the security domain using the gird poem model. The poem generated by the Po-Miner can be used as an alternative and an enhancement to the one-time password system as its application. The Po-Miner appears to be a promising application that can be extended to several other domains.

Pediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease which accentuates hypercoagulation, thereby leading to thrombosis. Herein, we report a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with chief complaints of headache, confusion, and new-onset seizure activity for one month as progressively worsening sequelae of ulcerative colitis. Her magnetic resonance venogram confirmed thrombosis in the right transverse, sigmoid, and superior sagittal sinus. The acute ulcerative colitis flare was managed with a short course of steroids and anti-inflammatory monoclonal antibody, and CVST got improved with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Our study emphasizes the emergence of fatal complications of ulcerative colitis in the pediatric population. It also endorses the pivotal role of thromboprophylaxis with LMWH in pediatric CVST patients. Nevertheless, further studies are required to standardize the use of LMWH in clinical practice.

Introduction: The phenomenon of reversal of incipient or early enamel caries forms an important part of prevention leading to apparent repair of the lesion. Recently, novel biomaterials such as the bioactive glass (BAGs) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) crystal have been introduced as remineralising agents. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the remineralising efficacy of BAG agent and nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) dentifrices on artificial carious lesion in primary teeth. Methodology: Thirty human extracted primary teeth were selected for the study, and the specimens were randomly divided into Group A: BAGs agent toothpaste group and Group B: n-HAP toothpaste group. The surface microhardness of the teeth was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester at the baseline and after demineralisation and remineralisation. The statistical analysis was done using independent t-test for intergroup comparison and paired t-test for intragroup comparison. Results: On intergroup comparison, microhardness differences of baseline to exposure to dentifrice between the two groups showed that microhardness differences of baseline to exposure to dentifrice were higher in Group B with a t value of −2.158 and was statistically significant (P < 0.001). On intragroup comparison of the mean values of baseline microhardness and microhardness after exposure to dentifrices, the mean values of baseline microhardness were higher in both the groups with a difference of 14.3 and 20.45 in Group A and Group B, respectively. Conclusion: Both BAG and NHA toothpastes were considered to be effective for the remineralisation of caries-like lesions of primary teeth. The remineralising efficacy of n-HAP toothpastes was found to be slightly higher than that of BAGs toothpastes, which was statistically significant.

Introduction: The human occipital condyle is a unique bony structure connecting the cranium and vertebral column. Craniovertebral surgeries require knowledge of anatomical aspect of craniovertebral junction. The aim of this study is to analyze the occipital condyle morphometrically. Materials and Methods: 300 occipital condyles of 150 dry skulls were used for this study. Parameters including length, width, height, distances between right and left condyles, shape of the condyle were noted. To take measurements digital vernier caliper was used. Results: Length, width and height of occipital condyle were found to be 23.97mm, 12.27mm, and 9.26mm in right condyle and 23.36mm, 12.57mm, 9.09mm in left condyle respectively. Anterior and posterior intercondylar distance was found to be 18.80mm and 44.56mm respectively. Location of intracranial orifice was found predominantly in location 3 and 4 and that of extracranial orifice was found predominantly in location 1 and 2. Most common shape of occipital condyle was found to be ‘Oval’. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, as there is no location of hypoglossal canal in posterior quadrant of occipital condyle, that area can be safely drilled during surgery. In various conditions require surgeries of foramen magnum region occipital condyles can be anticipated radiologically by using the morphometric data available. Keywords: Occipital condyle, Morphometry, Hypoglossal canal, Foramen magnum, Transcondylar approach.

Introduction: Mandibular foramen has its clinical importance in giving inferior alveolar nerve block very commonly give n in various dental procedures like removal of third molar tooth, Dental pain, Dentoalveolar trauma, Dry socket, Periapical abscess and in painful procedure on mandible or lower lip/chin. So it is very essential to know the anatomy of mandible particularly mandibular foramen which is situated just above the centre of the medial surface of the ramus of the mandibl e. Mandibular foramen gives passage to inferior nerve and vessels to sup ply the teeth of lower jaw. Mandibular foramen provides an important anatomical land mark. The inferior nerve block is the commonest local anaesthetic technique in clinical practice in dental procedures. There are chances of failure of Inferior alveolar nerve block failure due to its variations in position of. So it requires detailed anatomical study of mandibular foramen. This study aims to determine the exact position of mandibular foramen in relation to various landmark on mandible. We have studied dry adult human mandibles of people of Gujarat region. Materials and Methods: The material for the present study includes 100 adult dry human mandibles of unknown sex. These were collected from Govt. Medical College, Bhavnagar. All measurements were recorded using a sliding vernier caliper. Measurements were taken using below mentioned bony landmarks on the mandible. Results: The study shows mean distance of mandibular foramen to anterior border of ramus 17.052.70mm on right side and 17.353.00mm on left side, to posterior border of ramus was 10.412.13mm on right side and 9.722.06 mm on left side, to mandibular notch 21.502.81mm on right side and 21.883.31 mm on left side, base of man dible or inferior border was 22.203.28 mm on right side and 25.304.2mm on left side. Conclusion: The present study gives knowledge of the position of mandibular foramen and provides useful information for successful local anaesthesia (inferi

Purpose: Neurodevelopmental techniques are commonly used in upper limb rehabilitation, but little evidence supports the facilitation techniques associated with this concept. This exploratory study determined whether a facilitation technique at the triceps muscle affected scapulothoracic muscle activity during reach in healthy participants compared with self-selected posture and reach. The secondary aim was to determine whether muscle activation levels differed between the facilitation technique and the optimized posture or guided movement. We also hypothesized that activity in the scapular stabilizers (lower trapezius [LT] and serratus anterior [SA]) would be increased during the facilitated movement than in the other conditions. Methods: The study included 17 healthy participants (aged 20–70 y). Surface electromyography recorded muscle activity in the upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and LT muscles and in the SA, middle deltoid (MD), and triceps during five performance conditions. We used Friedman’s test to explore differences in muscle activity across conditions and Bonferroni’s post hoc test to explore the differences between conditions. Results: The facilitation technique produced decreased activity in the SA, MD, and triceps muscles ( p < 0.01) compared with the self-executed control condition. Compared with optimized posture with independent reach, facilitated movement again produced similar reductions in MD and triceps activity, with decreased LT activity also noted ( p < 0.01). Lower activity levels were noted during facilitation than during manual guidance, with or without optimized posture, in the UT, MT, ( p < 0.01), SA, and MD muscles ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Triceps facilitation did not increase scapular stability activity, but the activity levels in several other muscle groups (SA, MD, and triceps) were reduced during triceps facilitation compared with optimized posture or guided movement. Detailed analysis of this technique, including co-registered kinematic data and timing of muscle onset, is needed.

Visually challenged people rely on companions around them on daily basis. Basic chores of day to day life pose a challenge for people with impaired vision. Walking on streets while dodging obstacles and navigating through roads to reach desired destination independently is one such challenge. Proposed system 'Blind's Mate' is a combination of software and hardware technology that can be used to improve the walking experience of blind people. Blind’s Mate is a combination of smart stick and a mobile app that can alert people of impending obstacles and water pits while providing audio feed to the users about obstacles encountered during walking. This stick is embedded with ultrasonic sensor to detect any obstacles in front of the user. The app gives live feed to the user continuously via earphones. Speech warning messages are activated when any obstacle is detected. The proposed stick is of low cost, has fast response, low power consumption, light weight and an effective means to help blind people finding their way on streets with ease.

Few applications such as cutting shrubs and trees with prickles lead to damage to the hands while cutting it conventionally. The research has been undertaken for ease of rose plucking. A distance operated manipulator is designed and manufactured to overcome the issue of cutting roses by conventional way. The working of the tool is controlled by a lever operated mechanism. By a Bowden cable, the lever is connected to a brake caliper. The force applied by fingers at the lever is amplified at the point of application due to mechanical advantage. The end-effector consists of a gripper-cum-cutter. When the lever is operated, the stem of the rose is first gripped and then shearing of stem takes place. This unique feature of mechanism results into safe harvesting. Due to its simplest construction, it is a beneficial method. Trials have demonstrated the effective use of manipulator for rose plucking.

The success of machine learning algorithms in medical imaging has increased the need for artificially trained models to make them work in the medical field more quickly and efficiently. This paper gives a technique to identify bone fracture using machine learning algorithms, by which workload for orthopedics can be reduced. The significant use of machine learning in this era of big medical data would help gather information from the available x-ray images rather than spending hours in the radiology departments. This paper presents imaging technologies used to identify bone fracture in the human body and give quick results once the x-ray has been taken.

Introduction:Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is associated with many gastro-duodenal diseases like peptic ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma. Hence, it is important to identify H.Pylori in the endoscopic gastric biopsies. Though Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is time-consuming and expensive, it has shown excellent results and is considered as gold standard method for detecting H.Pylori. Aim: To study the morphological patterns of gastric lesions, different histo-pathological gastric lesions with clinical presentation and the association of H.Pylori using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Giemsa and IHC staining techniques and their efficacy. Materials and Methods: The present study was an observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital Kalaburagi for a period of 5 years (1 July 2014 to 30 June 2019). All patients were referred to endoscopic section for the biopsy. History was documented and clinical examination was performed. For the retrospective cases, clinical details were obtained from medical records section, blocks were retrieved, stained with H&E, Giemsa and IHC, studied, tabulated and results were analysed. Results: A total of 95 samples (mean age 49.74 years) were studied. Male: female ratio was 2.8:1. Most common histological benign lesions were Chronic Active Gastritis (CAG) 23 (24.21%) and Chronic Superficial Gastritis (CSG) 14 (14.73%). Malignant tumours were seen in 23 cases, among which moderately (39.13%) and poorly differentiated (39.13%) adenocarcinoma was the commonest. H pylori was identified by IHC in benign and malignant lesions in 20 (23.53%) and 01 (4.35%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of H&E and Giemsa was 57.14%, 66.67% and 100%, 100%, respectively. Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 100% for both stains and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 89.16% and 91.36% for H&E and Giemsa. Conclusion: The present study highlights the utility of IHC in detecting H.Pylori in gastric lesions as inflammation and other factors are known to affect the detection rate by H&E and Giemsa staining methods. Hence, IHC can be considered as the best method in detecting H.pylori.

Home automation is a field that is becoming progressively relevant in our day-to-day lives. The market has several such systems for conventional households but none of those is aimed at aiding the differently-abled users. This paper presents a glove-based system that allows the disabled and the elderly to control devices with gestures. Simultaneously, it allows their caretakers and family members to monitor their behavior through a mobile application. The aim is to provide those who are physically challenged with assistance in their quotidian tasks and providing caretakers with the comfort of knowing their whereabouts and activities. The application displays the device logs and patient’s activities such as sitting, standing, lying down and walking. Classification of human activity is done using accelerometer data and creating a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model on these data. There is also a fall detection module wherein an alert is sent to the caretaker in case the patient falls.

In this research the monitoring system for river water is developed using Internet of Things. The river water is polluted because of urbanization of industrialization, because of pollution of river water lot of health issues have arisen. In this research the river water is monitored using various underwater sensors. The data is transmitted to control room or cloud. The remedial measures can be taken to prevent the pollution of the river water.

The recent escalation of individual, independent blockchain networks has engendered the need for a robust solution to communication between the various token networks. The solution must conform to industry standards and must be universally endorsed. This research paper explores various studies and implementations conducted under the topic of interoperability between different blockchain networks. Discovering various aspects of a blockchain system, comparing existing solutions and proposing a solution for communication between any two token blockchain networks are the steps effectuated. The proposed solution allows for a secure transfer of tokens between homogeneous blockchains using the concept of hash time locked contracts. Involving a self-enlisted middleman in the transaction eliminates the need for an external interface or a centralised authority for transaction, and reinforces trust. As a result, a safe and reliable transfer of tokens without the involvement of a centralised third party takes place. The solution warrants a mass adoption for further testing, however, it executes in a stable environment between two homogeneous token blockchain networks.

In this paper, a proposal is explain to design a chat bot as an Web application which will be helpful for students to solve all the problems they face and the questions which arises in their mind during and after the admission. This proposal explains the implementation of chat bot system as an application named as, college enquiry chat bot.

From barter systems to shopping online, markets have evolved with institutional design characteristics with the objective of providing a platform for buying and selling. The technological investment portfolio has brought in significant changes to market dynamics. Though there are apprehensions to migrate the offline features online, along with online benefits, there are also inherent challenges to be managed. In supply chain management, which manages from raw materials to customers, inventory management has a substantial role and acts as a key player affecting the entire chain directly or indirectly. Nevertheless of automation, inventory management is a tedious task and could use a computational helping hand. The announcer model proposes an alternative to computationally solve resource management between the business cycle's various stages through this paper. It attempts to establish a strong relationship between the intermittent by announcing the iterative status flags via tags and further utilizing it to improve work efficiency. The model eases the interaction and provides an automated channel for communication. This paper proposes the model and discusses its architecture and a sample workflow from a simulated industry transaction. The announcer space can also be integrated to live web data, making the system dynamic and self-learning to current market needs. The learning capability of the announcer contemplates modern challenges. The system attempts to achieve a natural order by balancing the system components’ workflow through the announcer model. The announcer model promises to provide an intellectual space for coordination and collaboration.

Emotions play a vital role in a human’s mental life. Speech is a medium through which expression of perspective and identification of one’s mental state is possible. Recognizing the feelings that others are trying to convey through speech is essential. There are various parameters of the speech signal that define the feelings of a person. Thus, speech emotion recognition (SER) from the speech signal is a challenging task. This paper proposed an SER system based on the features extracted and obtained by Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) spectrograms. As for a complex model, the audio features obtained by MFCC play an important role in emotion recognition. The 1D-CNN model architecture is implemented in this paper. The work is performed on “The Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song” (RAVDESS) dataset. Six emotions based on their gender are classified (i.e., 6 × 2 emotions) with 82.3% accuracy. The emotions classified are happy, sad, angry, calm, fear, and nervous.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought with it many challenges in the field of healthcare around the world. Managing burn patients has its own challenges as they require a long duration of care and are more susceptible to infection. We conducted a retrospective observational study from January 30 to July 15, 2020 at our center to study the epidemiology of burns treated & patients and healthcare workers affected by COVID-19 during this period. The number of burn admissions showed a 42.6% reduction as compared to last year. A total of 17 patients (3.67%) and 29 health care workers (8.68%) tested positive for COVID-19 in the burns department. Our strategy underwent changes based on the changing dynamics of COVID-19 and changes in government and institutional policies. We have described the various challenges we faced in managing burns during this time. We found that effective screening of patients and healthcare workers, proper segregation of negative and positive/ suspect population and a low threshold for COVID-19 testing were essential to mitigate transmission of infection.

The global pandemic COVID-19, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as severe public health issue crippling world health care systems. Substantial knowledge has been generated about the pathophysiology of the disease and possible treatment modalities in a relatively short span of time. As of August 19, 2020, there is no approved drug for the treatment of COVID-19. More than 600 clinical trials for potential therapeutics are underway and the results are expected soon. Based on early experience, different treatment such as anti-viral drugs (remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir), corticosteroids (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone) or convalescent plasma therapy are recommended in addition to supportive care and symptomatic therapy. There are several treatments currently being investigated to address the pathological conditions associated with COVID-19. This review provides currently available information and insight into pathophysiology of the disease, potential targets, and relevant clinical trials for COVID-19.

In sickle cell anemia patients, red blood cells (RBCs) are known to become sickle shaped and stiff under hypoxic conditions as a consequence of hemoglobin polymerization. While RBC shape can discriminate sickle blood from healthy, it has not been used until now as a sole biophysical marker to differentiate between homozygous (disease) and heterozygous (trait) sickle blood samples. Here, we establish a technique based on the differential response of disease and trait RBCs to chemically-induced hypoxia to distinguish between these samples for the first time. By comparing the RBC shape distributions in blood treated with high and low concentrations of the hypoxia-inducing agent, we correctly identify 35 unknown blood samples as healthy, sickle cell disease or trait. Finally, we demonstrate our image-based classification technique with a portable smartphone microscope and a disposable microfluidic chip as a prospective point-of-care device enabling fast and confirmed diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Significance statement Red blood cells (RBCs) of individuals with sickle cell anemia exhibit characteristic shapes in low oxygen environments. The shape of a sickle RBC is determined by its hemoglobin content and how fast oxygen is removed from its surroundings. We report a technique to distinguish between sickle cell carriers and individuals with sickle cell anemia within an hour by treating whole blood with a chemical that removes oxygen, imaging the blood sample inside a microfluidic chamber using a smartphone microscope and finally comparing the shapes of the sickle cells using a classification scheme. We demonstrate the proof of concept of a biophysical test based on the analysis of RBC shapes for point-of-care diagnosis of sickle cell disease in low resource settings.

International audience; Purpose: Our study investigated the impact of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and systemic inflammation on risks for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Background: CAC and systemic inflammation are known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.Methods: A total of 17,711 consecutive patients who underwent PCI in our hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 were categorized according to the degree of CAC (moderate/severe vs. none/mild) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level (≥2 vs.

Micro expressions are facial expressions that result as a response to repressed emotions in an involuntary manner that lasts for one-fifth of a second. The reading and interpretation of these expressions is of paramount importance to understand nonverbal human behaviors. Using a deep learning architecture that extracts the required features from the FERC-2013 database, six different micro expressions have been recognized and the accuracy of this model has been tested on test images of varied ethnicities and age groups. The paper also successfully experiments the emotion detection process on both individual and group pictures.

Background Checkpoint inhibitors (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) are approved for multiple indications in solid tumors. However access to these therapies is limited in low and middle income countries. Hence we performed an audit to identify accessibility, adverse event rates, compliance, progression free survival and overall survival in solid tumors. Methods This was a single center retrospective analysis of prospective data base of patients with non‐melanoma solid tumors who were treated with immunotherapy from August 2015 to November 2018. Adverse events during immunotherapy were documented and graded using CTCAE (Common terminology criteria for adverse events), v. 4.02. The response rates to immunotherapy, toxicities and the time to onset and resolution of toxicities were also evaluated as secondary endpoints. Results Out of 9610 patients, only 155 patients (1.61%) could receive immunotherapy. The most common malignancies included metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma and relapsed/recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Median overall survival in patients who received immunotherapy in non‐melanoma solid malignancies was 5.37 months (95% CI, 3.73–9.73). Poor performance status at baseline was the only adverse prognostic factor. The median progression free survival was 2.57 months (95% CI, 1.73–3.83). Immunotherapy was well tolerated with most common side effects being fatigue 14.8% and anorexia 5.8%. The cumulative incidence of immune related adverse events like hepatitis, pneumonitis, colitis and nephritis was less than 10%. Conclusion Real‐world data in Indian setting confirms the benefit of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non‐melanoma solid tumors., This is the first and largest real world data of immunotherapy from India. It focuses on efficacy and tolerability of immune check point inhibitors in Indian patients.

Agriculture is still one of the most crucial sectors of the Indian economy. It is important for human survival as well as economic growth. Traditional systems like humanoid scarecrows are used even today in an agricultural field to stop birds and animals from disturbing and feeding on growing crops. There are many loopholes in such ideas and so enhancing agricultural security has become a major issue these days. Thus, this paper focuses on proposing a system which detects the intruders, monitors any malicious activity and then reports it to the owner of the system. It acts as an adaptable system which provides a practicable system to the farmers for ensuring complete safety of their farmlands from any attacks or trespassing activities.

There are several situations wherein a radio network’s availability is critical. The situations could arise based on natural disasters or other man-made catastrophes, and they may involve destruction to the radio service infrastructure too. In recent years, the efforts to address this challenge have gained momentum. In this paper, we present an Open-source framework and a roadmap for a robust and portable cellular network – created by an embedded system which can itself be moving. We report on the successful completion of the first milestone in this journey – establishing a Base Transceiver System based on reconfigurable Software Defined Radio, supporting voice calls and text messaging.

Steganography is classified among the foremost methods employed in data security to conceal and safeguard confidential messages in the data transmitted. Security, especially data security, is an important requisite in today's world hence Steganography has great significance. The paper deals with understanding and implementation of steganography on different images using two different techniques: Least Significant Bit method(secret image is hidden using the bits at least significant level of the cover image) and Discrete Wavelet Transform method(secret image is hidden by modification of the wavelet coefficients of cover image). The image to be transmitted secretly is both encoded and decoded using these methods and a detailed analysis of the resultant images is performed using various image parameters. These experimentally obtained and compared efficiency parameters, thus, demonstrate the efficiency of the methodology proposed in the paper.

Introduction: Restoring Class II lesions in deciduous molars has always been a nightmare for the dentist. This survey was designed to understand the perception of dentists regarding the treatment choice. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the choice of material and influencing factors for the treatment of proximal lesions in primary molars. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional web-based survey enclosing nine closed-ended questions was conducted among 180 paediatric dentists and post-graduates of Gujarat. Data were obtained and evaluated at the statistical significance level ofP < 0.05. Results: For 65% of respondents' stainless steel crowns (SSCs) was preferred material for the treatment of cavitated Class II lesions followed by composite and for non-cavitated incipient proximal lesions silver diamine fluoride was preferred by 71% of respondents. Childs age and child's behaviour were the most influencing factors affecting the choice of material (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Different clinical situation requires a different choice of material. The present study enlightens current perception and preference regarding the material of choice in a different situation while restoring Class II lesions in primary molars. We concluded that SSC was the most suitable material of choice amongst a wide range of materials by paediatric. The older concept 'excavation for prevention' is still applied as compared to newer minimal invasive strategies. Many factors contribute to the treatment and material choice for restoring Class II lesions; thus, one ultimate material cannot be selected for all kinds of situations. Thus, it highlights the current trends followed among paediatric dentist.

Civic technology is a fast-developing segment that holds huge potential for a new generation of startups. A recent survey report on civic technology noted that the sector saw $430 million in investment in just the last two years. It's not just a new market ripe with opportunity it's crucial to our democracy. Crowdsourcing has proven to be an effective supplementary mechanism for public engagement in city government in order to use mutual knowledge in online communities to address such issues as a means of engaging people in urban design. Government needs new alternatives -- alternatives of modern, superior tools and services that are offered at reasonable rates. An effective and easy-to-use civic technology platform enables wide participation. Response to, and a ‘conversation’ with, the users is very crucial for engagement, as is a feeling of being part of a society. These findings can contribute to the future design of civic technology platforms. In this research, we are trying to introduce a crowdsourcing platform, which will be helpful to people who are facing problems in their everyday practice because of the government services. This platform will gather the information from the trending twitter tweets for last month or so and try to identify which challenges public is confronting. Twitter for crowdsourcing as it is a simple social platform for questions and for the people who see the tweet to get an instant answer. These problems will be analyzed based on their significance which then will be made open to public for its solutions. The findings demonstrate how crowdsourcing tends to boost community engagement, enhances citizens ' views of their town and thus tends us find ways to enhance the city's competitiveness, which faces some serious problems. Using of topic modeling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm helped get categorized civic technology topics which was then validated by simple classification algorithm. While working on this research, we encountered some issues regarding to the tools that were available which we have discussed in the ‘Counter arguments’ section.

The work is intended to introduce Machine Vision and Image Processing from a mathematical standpoint. Machine visions origins lie within image capturing, digital image processing and machine learning, however its now becoming geared into a much more powerful tool. This work will give description to mathematical methods used in the current algorithms in machine vision and image processing techniques such as digital watermarking, image compression, noise reduction, etc. In this research, we will explore how machine vision is dependent on image processing algorithms in order to get important information from an image, as well as describe some of the most reliable image processing methods such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Alongside SVD, mathematical models of neural networks and how they are used in the field of machine learning will be discussed. Furthermore, we will discuss some of the applications and limitations of machine vision.

A Smart Home System gives access to the controllable household appliances and may help render the electricity supply in a household, controlling use and along these lines lessening utilization. It has also proven to be an incredible advantage for the elderly and disabled. A form of home automation systems called assistive domotics provides an extensive feature range that can help the ones with particular accessibility concerns in their homes. These technology systems and assisting equipment have emerged as a viable option for the needy, who would rather stay in their homes than move to assisted living facilities. This paper presents a glove-based home automation system which recognizes gestures and hence provides automated device control. Household devices can be controlled with simple gestures made while wearing the glove. A mobile application is also developed for the family members to keep track of the status and usage of devices. Hence, the system provides comfort to the specially-abled and simultaneously, it also keeps the caretakers informed.