Search

Introduction liver is the principal site for formation and clearance of lipoproteins in our body. Alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis) was believed to result from excessive generation of reducing equivalents from ethanol metabolism, thereby increasing fat accumulation. Liver disease is the greatest cause of death related to alcohol and a major public health problem especially in developing country. High alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity, yet alcohol is associated with both favorable and adverse effects on cardio metabolic risk markers. Methods After consent, the present study examined aged ≥ 35 years from Kathmandu between 2019 and 2020. Data on current drinking status, age, ethnic group, educational background, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, and lipid profile was measured. Baseline venous blood sample was collected aseptically according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines with various inclusion and exclusion criteria. Processing was done in central diagnostic laboratory and research center. Results Out of 780 patients 17% were female and 83% were male. Mean ± standard deviation of age, bmi, waist circumference, hipcircumference, waisthipratio, blood pressure were 45.93 ± 10.92, 29.41 ± 2.98, 100.97 ± 7.0, 105.94 ± 6.5, 0.94 ± 0.1, and 132 ± 12/83 ± 17 respectively. TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TG, cholesterol, and lipid accumulation product significantly higher in drinkers than normal reference range. Majority were ethnic group with low socioeconomic and literate background. Conclusions Abnormalities in lipid profile are correlated with alcohol consumption, which calls for intervention strategies to prevent dyslipidemia and control risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Alcohol consumption is associated with a complex metabolic signature, including aberrations in multiple biomarkers for elevated cardio metabolic risk factors.

Background: Formation of struvite stones is associated with urinary tract infection by urease-producing bacteria. Biogenic crystal growth in natural and synthetic materials is regulated by the action of inhibitors, ranging from small ions, molecules to large macromolecules. Materials and Methods: We report the dynamics of in vitro crystallization of struvite in presence of vitamin C in synthetic urine using single diffusion gel growth technique. Sodium metasilicate gel of specific gravity 1.05 and the aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate were used as the medium for growing the struvite crystals. The crystallization process was induced by a urease positive struvite stone associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mimic the infection leading to stone formation. The grown crystals were characterized by ATR-FTIR and powder XRD. The surface morphology was analysed through FE-SEM for comparison between treatments. Results: We observed decrease in number, dimension, and growth rate of struvite crystals with the increasing concentrations of vitamin C. Crystals displayed well-defined faces and dendritic morphology of struvite in both control and biogenic systems. Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that, vitamin C can modulate the formation of struvite crystals in the presence of uropathogenic bacteria.