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In the present study, Powder Activated Carbon/Maghemite composite (MPCs) was used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a textile dye ‘Reactive Blue 19ʹ (RB19) from simulated textile wastewa...

The main goal of this research was to study the adsorptive capacity of an organophilic clay for the removal of textile dye Nylosan blue B113 and its further application in real textile effluent (RTE) treatment. The used clay known as Bofe was originated in the township of Boa Vista, State of Paraiba, Northeast of Brazil. Initially, the material was dried and powdered. Subsequently, the organophilic clay was synthesized by insertion of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Furthermore, the clay was characterized using the following analyses: cation exchange capacity (CEC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), surface area analysis, and pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc). Then, batch adsorption systems were performed along with equilibrium/kinetic/thermodynamic studies. At last, keeping the same weight/volume ratio, a solution of real textile effluent was treated. Results showed CEC of 54.40 mmol/100g, lamellar expansion from 1.69 to 2.01 nm, maximum adsorptive capacity of 50 mg.g-1, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 74% (RTE).

In the present study, calcium peroxide (CaO2) was used separately for potential application as an environmentally friendly and low-cost oxidant for the removal of a textile dye ‘Reactive Black 5’ (RB5) from simulated textile wastewater containing auxiliary chemicals of textile production. The specific morphology, elemental analysis, particle size distribution, specific surface area, identification of crystalline phases and surface functional groups of the synthesized CaO2 were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), laser diffraction (LD), Brunaure–Emmett–Teller method (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), respectively. X-ray Diffraction analysis confirmed the synthesized oxidant as CaO2 with the tetragonal crystalline structure. The signal corresponded to a bending vibration of O–Ca–O was detected in the fingerprint region of the FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of various independent parameters such as contact time, pH, initial RB5 concentration and CaO2 dosage on decolorization were investigated. The results of the study showed that pH, initial dye concentration and the CaO2 amounts have significant effects on removal of the RB5. The optimum pH was determined 7 for the removal of RB5 by CaO2. 2.0 g CaO2 was found to be sufficient for the removal of 300 mg/L RB5 with 96.93% removal efficiency. Also 82.8% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from simulated textile wastewater (STW) was obtained by 2.0 g CaO2. The results of the present study showed that the CaO2 can be used as an environmentally friendly and low-cost oxidant for effective removal of reactive textile dyes.

Textile industry has been rapidly progressing over the years, leading to an increasing volume of water usage that contributes to the large production of textile wastewater. Biological treatment pro...

Background: The textile dyeing industry uses large number of chemicals, acids and dyes. The workers are exposed to these chemicals during their daily work activities. Chronic exposure to these chemicals may have adverse effect on the liver functions, as liver plays an important role in detoxification of these chemicals Objective: To assess serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels of the industrials workers exposed to textile dyes. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology,Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017 on 25 apparently healthy male workers aged 20-40 years working in a textile dye factory for 2 years or more. Similar age, sex, BMI & socioeconomically matched 25 apparently healthy non exposed workers were enrolled as control. Serum ALP and GGT levels were estimated by autoanalyzer. For statistical analysis unpaired Student’s t-test were performed Results: Serum ALP and GGT levels were significantly higher in textile dye exposed workers than those of control group (p

Abstract The utilization of dyes in textile industries has enormously increased in recent years and has created several environmental problems. Currently, several methods are in practice to treat wastewaters. Effective and efficient treatment techniques before the discharge of used water in the environment are the need of the hour. This short review covers the research and recent developments in advanced wastewater treatment techniques such as nanophotocatalysis, ceramic nanofiltration membranes, and biofilms. The primary intent of this review article is to contribute the ready-made references for the active researchers and scientists working in the field of wastewater treatment. This review has mainly focused on advanced physico-chemical and biological techniques for the treatment of textile dye wastewaters. Further, the influence of various operating factors on the treatment, advantages, and disadvantages of various techniques was also discussed. The recently developed materials for wastewater treatment are also summarized based on the latest available literature. Graphic abstract

The spore laccase enzyme production by B. amyloliquefaciens was optimized. It was characterized and tested for its textile dye decolorization potential. LB medium was found to be the most promising...

These day, natural herbal textile dye garment products are preferred by all consumers. These herbal dye cloths are more environmentally friendly. It provides a non-toxic, chemical-free product that does not harm the environment or nature. Herbal textiles are dyed entirely with herbal extracts, without the use of any chemicals. Herbs are used instead of vegetable dyes because they are not only natural but also have medicinal value. These herbs are applied directly to the fabric with the help of natural ingredients, so that the medicinal value of the herbs is preserved, because synthetic dyes create a large amount of waste and unfixed colourants pose a serious health risk and disrupt the eco balance of nature. Environmental concerns about the production and use of synthetic dyes have reignited consumer interest in natural dyes. In this study, we used natural herbal dyes on the surface of linen fabrics. Turmeric, aloe vera, neem, beetroot, pomegranate, and onion were used as natural herbal dyes in this work. Color fastness and dye absorbency performance have been improved using edible gum and cow urine. We have found that herbal dyes appearances on linen fabric surface is very good. It has observed that, a dry and wet rubbing fastness property has very good herbal dyes on linen fabric surface. The primary goal of this research is to provide a new approach to natural herbal dyes products that will be more widely used in the textile industry. It will also aid in the reduction of diseases such as skin allergies and skin infections.

The Colored wastewaters produced from textile industries are enriched with toxic reactive dyes that cause serious biotic risk and ecological disturbances. The present study aims to decolourize an anthraquinone reactive blue-19 dye from aqueous solution by Bacillus cohnii LAP217. The selection of influential process parameters and optimization of process condition is performed using two-point factorial analysis and response surface method, respectively. The results reveal that the decolourization of dye is positively influenced by supplementation of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate (coefficient estimate: 7.4). The bacterium has exhibited 87.3 ± 0.4% decolourization of initial dye concentration 50 mg/L during the model validation through confirmatory experiment analysis, which has satisfactory correlation with model predicted response. However, the initial chromate concentration >50 mg/L in the medium have negative influence on performance of system by reducing the dye decolourization response below

The exploitation of natural sources and later synthetic molecules to generate blue to purple coloration in textiles has a long history in the dyer’s craft. Natural indigoids such as indigo, woad, and Tyrian or shellfish purple served this purpose for millennia, but in the late 1800s synthetic analogs, in particular indigotin, quickly replaced natural sources. Halogenated versions of the dye were also created, and some like 5,5′-dibromoindigo were brought to market. Interestingly, these have not been significantly discussed in the literature, nor have they been found in forensic or technical art history investigations of textiles until now. This paper reports the first identification in a museum context of this unusual synthetic brominated analog of indigo, discovered on three twentieth century Japanese yukata. Analytical data collected on reference materials using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are provided to assist with future identifications of this relatively unknown colorant. Density functional theory applied to 5,5′-dibromoindigo was used to confirm the experimental Raman spectrum.

Although the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has been widely considered and studied for ozone generation, only a few studies have examined the influence of the alternating voltage waveform on the ozone rate production. This paper analyses the influence of the voltage shape on the ozone concentration and the energy efficiency of a DBD cylindrical ozone generator. Three voltage signals were studied using a high-voltage amplifier: sinusoidal, triangular and rectangular signals with voltage values up to 8 kV and frequencies up to 1.1 kHz. The obtained results showed that the efficiency of the ozone generator depends strongly on the type of the voltage waveform. The maximum values of the energy efficiency and the ozone concentration were obtained with the triangular voltage signal. This wave shape configuration has been successfully used for discolouration of water contaminated by textile dye.

Purpose of the review Textile dermatitis can sometimes be difficult to diagnose due to the fact that it is difficult to clinically suspect, and when allergic, patch test correctly and advice the patient as to what garments to avoid. Recent findings The textile fibres as such are rarely the causative agent. Allergic contact dermatitis due to textiles is primarily caused by substances that are used to give the material certain qualities or performances. The textile dye mix, now in the baseline series, has proven to be a useful tool in diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis but additional patch testing with own material is advocated. Future research will hopefully facilitate the diagnostic procedure. Summary This review is a short update on textile dermatitis, both irritant and allergic, the present recommendations regarding patch testing when suspecting contact allergy and the advice to give to those allergic that will hopefully help the clinician in daily work.

This study demonstrates the viability of an orange peel-based adsorbent as sustainable alternative for the elimination of the disperse dye C.I. Disperse Blue 56 present in waste waters of the dyeing industry of textiles. The effectiveness of the adsorbent is evaluated at different pH values and the adsorption capacity is determined by systematically comparing orange peel and the final adsorbent chemically treated. Results reveal an spontaneous coagulation-flocculation phenomenon of the dispersed dye at low pH values which represents a sustainable way for the recovery and possible re-use of the dye, together with the industrial valorisation of a wasting product as is orange peel.

Due to the usual resistance of textile dyes to conventional biological treatment processes, the color removal of dyeing wastewaters remains a challenge for the textile industry. This work evaluates the capacity of advanced oxidation processes based on thermally-activated persulfate concerning textile dyes’ degradation in aqueous solution and the reuse of dyeing baths. Preliminary studies were carried out in a bench-scale jacketed reactor, using Reactive Black 5 (40 mg L-1) as a model dye. Almost complete dye degradation was observed in 60 min in this stage, using 300 mg L-1 of persulfate and activation temperatures of 80 ºC, basically due to the action of radical sulfate. The use of high concentrations of persulfate (1000 mg L-1) allowed efficient color removal of dyeing baths containing remazol dyes in processes activated at 80 and 90 ºC. However, the wastewaters treated under these conditions did not lead to high dyeing efficiency in reuse studies, probably due to residual persulfate presence. In contrast, low concentrations of persulfate (250 mg L-1) lead to partial color removal and a better dyeing quality. The results suggest a good potential for treating high-temperature dyeing baths, saving water and auxiliary agents used in textile dyeing processes.

The current study explicates the feasibility of using dolochar, a solid waste generated from the sponge iron industry, for removal of color from synthetic textile dye solution containing e...

The following is a review of published literature on textile wastewater in 2019. Presented are the sections described for the review: concise introduction on the textiles wastewater, followed by a review of present textile treatment technologies organized by physicochemical, biological, and combined processes. Lastly, a discussion of the future topics is presented. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The discharge of textile dye wastewater represents a serious environmental problem and public health concern. Effluents from textile manufacturing, dyeing, and finishing processes contain high-concentration recalcitrant chemicals that are resistant to biodegradation. The textile wastewater needs environmental-friendly and cost-effective combined treatment process.

Background: The textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% pet. contains Disperse Blue (DB) 35, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Orange (DO) 1 and 3, Disperse Red 1 and 17, and DB 106 and 124. The most frequent allergen in TDM-positive patients is DO 3. Around 85% of p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-allergic dermatitis patients have shown positive patch test reactions to DO 3. There has been a discussion to exclude DO 3 from TDM 6.6% because of frequent, strong reactions to TDM 6.6% and PPD. Objectives: To study if DO 3 can be omitted from a TDM. Methods: Patch tests were performed on 2250 dermatitis patients with TDM 6.6%, TDM 5.6% pet., TDM 7.0% pet., and PPD 1.0% pet.; 122 patients were also patch tested with DO 3 1.0% pet. Results: Among the 2250 patients patch tested, contact allergy prevalence to TDM 6.6% was 2.4%, to TDM 5.6% 1.8%, and to TDM 7.0% 2.0%. Of the 54 TDM 6.6%-positive patients, 55.6% reacted to PPD; as much as 42.2% of PPD-allergic women and 50% of PPD-allergic men reacted to TDM 6.6%. Of the 17 DO 3-positive patients, 94.1% showed a positive reaction to PPD. Conclusion: Results indicate that DO 3 can probably be omitted from TDM, but patch testing with TDM 6.6%, TDM 7.0%, DO 3 1.0%, and PPD 1.0% simultaneously is needed to finally decide whether it is possible or not. (Less)

Dyes are extensively used in textile, leather tanning, pigment, and other sectors. Discharges from these industries put the environment and human health at risk. So, there arises a need for effluent remediation and research in this field has gained a huge attention in recent times. A number of conventional methods are available viz., biological, chemical, and physical methods, each with its own share of merits and demerits. Nanotechnology has significantly gained momentum in the dye effluent treatment and has emerged as a fast-developing promising field. Nanomaterials for dye treatment are being considered because of their efficient and reliable way.

We obtained dye-decolorizing bacteria from the hands of ordinary people with an efficiency of approximately 40%. The bacteria were classified into the azo dye-decolorizing group and anthraquinone dye-decolorizing group. The former were capable of decolorizing real textile wastewater, whereas the latter could achieve only partial decolorization. These bacterial strains can potentially be applied to assess the major types of dyes in textile wastewater and dye-polluted rivers. The azo dye-decolorizing bacterial strain degraded Congo red into its intermediates and then further degraded phenyl compounds. Interestingly, the azo dye-decolorizing bacterial strain produced a significant amount of protein (20–60 mg L−1), which correlated with the dye-decolorization rate. We further identified cell density as the main factor affecting stabilization of the dye-decolorization reaction. In summary, human hands are a readily accessible source from which to collect dye-decolorizing bacteria that can be used to treat textile wastewater and to remediate environmental pollution sites. Keywords: Human skin bacteria, Human hands, Decolorization, Azo dye, Anthraquinone dye, Textile wastewater

Cenil is still one of the traditional foods that people are interested in nowadays. To make it look attractive, cenil producers often use red coloring substance such as Rhodamine B. Rhodamin B is one type of textile dye that is prohibited from being used in food. Many cases of food poisoning or illness are caused by insecure food consumed, lack of application of hygiene sanitation and the use of hazardous chemical dyes as additional ingredients in Cenil. This research used descriptively with quantitative approach. The population of the study was the producer of the cenil as many as seven producers that are selling at the spread in 4 traditional markets in 3 sub-district of Jember District. The sample in this study is total population. The result of the knowledge level of cenil respondents related to the use of additives dye has a medium category (57%). The result hygiene sanitation of cenil has a good selection quality (57%). The result of a laboratory test to the existence of Rhodamin B dye on cenil showed two samples (29%) which contain positive Rhodamin B. Identification the difference of cenil which containing Rhodamine B have bright pink color, tend to fluoresce, there are nonhomogeneous color spots and bitter taste.

The removal of Acid Blue 62 (AB62) dye which is known as a pollutant agent and contains in wastewater of textile industry has been studied in this work by using five various cerium compounds as the oxidizing agents. The parameters involved in the oxidation reaction such as pH, initial dye concentration and the oxidizing agent dosage have been investigated using both batch and semi-batch reactors at ambient temperature. The results indicated that the rate of oxidation for various cerium reagents is in the following order: CeF

The textile sector is 14% of total industrial production in India and contributes to about 4% of the gross domestic product and earns about 27% of India's total foreign exchange. Worldwide, up to 1...

This study aimed at the quantification of thermochemical behaviors of textile dye sludge (TDS), paper mill sludge (PMS), and their various blend ratios during (co-)combustion. Changes in mass loss percentage (MLP) and rate (MLR) were estimated as a function of temperature, heating rate, and blend ratio. Our results pointed to a direct influence of blend ratios on mass loss percentage. Stochastic uncertainties and sensitivities associated with best-fit predictions of MLP and MLR responses were detected using all-at-once versus one-at-a-time Monte Carlo simulations. Co-combustion of TDS and PMS provided more flame stability owing to their volatile matter contents than did the combustion of pure TDS or PMS. The high C and H contents of TDS relative to those of PMS led to high lower heating value (higher energy). Effect of increased temperature on the co-combustion manifested itself in the breakdown of (hemi-)cellulose initially and lignin progressively in TDS and PMS. The increasing TDS of the blend ratio increased both MLP and MLR. Stochastic uncertainty analysis of the deterministic empirical models pinpointed overestimation by 15.6% in mean MLP and by 50% in mean MLR. Sensitivity analysis pointed to blend ratio as the most influential predictor on both MLP and MLR.

SummaryBackground Textile dyes, rubber, elements or textile resins carry the risk of inducing allergic contact sensitization. Objectives To assess clinical data and patch test results for dermatitis patients with suspected textile allergy. Methods A retrospective analysis of Information Network of Departments of Dermatology data of the years 2007–2014 of patients patch tested because of suspected textile allergy was performed. Results Patients of the study group (n = 3207) suffered more frequently from leg, trunk and generalized dermatitis than patients of the control group (n = 95210). Among the allergens of the textile dye series, the highest frequency of positive reactions was observed for p-aminoazobenzene (5.1%) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) (4.5%), followed by Disperse Orange 3 (3.1%), Disperse Blue 124 (2.3%), Disperse Blue 106 (2.0%), Disperse Red 17 (1.1%), and Disperse Yellow 3 (1.1%), partly with concomitant reactions. Patch testing with the patients' own textiles was performed in 315 patients, with positive reactions in 18 patients. These were mostly elicited by blue or black textiles with tight skin contact. Only 2 of these patients also reacted to textile dyes from the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group series. Conclusions For the comprehensive diagnosis of contact sensitization in patients with suspected textile dermatitis, combined patch testing is indicated, with (i) PPD and a textile dye series and (ii) patients' own clothing.

Textile dyes and effluents are considered as one of the worst polluters of our priceless water sources and soils. New sources of natural pigments are getting particular research interests due to the toxicity produced by synthetic colouring agents. Plant sources are being explored extensively for natural pigments but inadequate yield of those sources hampered the progression. Apart from the enormous antibacterial applications, fungi may provide a readily available alternative source of natural pigments. Here, we isolated a fungal strain from spoiled mango which is capable of producing pigments suitable for textile dyeing. The spoiled mangoes were selected as a source of different fungi. Among them one particular fungal isolate was selected for its visible production of secondary metabolites. Molecular identification using internal transcribed spacer sequencing revealed the fungi as Talaromyces verruculosus strain. The growth and pigment production of the fungi was optimised to obtain highest yield. Extracted pigment was applied to cotton fabric following a standard dyeing procedure for natural pigment. Adequate colour yield and negative cytotoxicity result suggested that the fungi source of pigment could be a potential replacement for hazardous synthetic dyes.

The aim of this work is to photodegrade the textile azoic dye by using TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) which have fabricated by anode oxidation method. The photodegradation performance has been varied with H 2 O content (vol.%) in electrolytic solution during preparation of TNTs. The TNTs are found uniform surface, robust and high-crystalline structure. According to the characterization and photodegradation performance, the best TNT prepared with vol. 3% of H 2 O has the inner and outer diameter of 100 and 150 nm, respectively. After the two hours treatment, the maximum degradation (C/Co) of textile dye has also been found 0.5 for the TNT, prepared with vol. 3% of H 2 O content in electrolytic solution.

The aim of the present work was the development of a new biological method for the treatment of textile industry effluents, which is cheaper, more profitable, and eco-friendly. This method is essentially based on the synthesis of dye-fixing peptides. The use of peptides synthesized via a solid-phase synthesis to fix a reference textile dye like “Cibacron blue” (CB) and the performance analysis of binding assays were the main objectives of this study. For this reason, two peptides P1 (NH2-C-G-G-W-R-S-Q-N-Q-G-NH2) and P2 (NH2-C-G-G-R-R-Y-Q-P-D-S-NH2) binding with the CB dye were synthesized by the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technique. The obtained results showed significant fixation yields of CB-peptides of 91.5% and 45.9%, respectively, and consequently, their interesting potential as a tool for a new biochemical method in the pollution prevention of textile wastewater.

Organic contaminants in industrial effluents threaten the quality of water resources, especially due to their resistance to natural degradation. The textile industry gain relevance, considering that it generates large volumes. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for the degradation of the mixture textile dyes in solution. After optimization of the main parameters involved in the applied processes and systems, the AOP with greater efficiency in the degradation of the compounds was the photo-Fenton/UV-C (92%) after 360 min of treatment. The experimental data showed a better fit to the Chan and Chu kinetic model and trough an evaluation using artificial neural networks it was possible to predict the maximum degradation achievable by the dye mixture. The toxicity assays, using multiple species of seeds indicated a treated solution with no toxic effects and that the applied methodology can be used without affecting the water resources. Contaminantes orgânicos em efluentes industriais ameaçam a qualidade dos recursos hídricos por apresentarem resistência à degradação natural. Neste sentido, a indústria têxtil ganha relevância, pois é responsável pela geração de grandes volumes de efluentes líquidos. O presente trabalho avaliou a eficiência de diferentes processos oxidativos avançados (POA) para degradação de uma mistura de corantes têxteis em solução. Após testes de eficiência e otimização dos principais parâmetros envolvidos nos processos e sistemas aplicados, o POA que apresentou maior eficiência na degradação dos compostos foi o foto-Fenton/UV-C (92%) de degradação após 360 min. Os dados experimentais do POA foto-Fenton/UV-C apresentaram melhor ajuste ao modelo de Chan e Chu e através da avaliação matemática usando rede neural artificial foi possível prever a degradação máxima da mistura de corantes. O estudo de toxicidade com sementes indicou que a solução tratada não possui efeitos tóxicos, podendo o tratamento proposto ser utilizado sem afetar recursos hídricos.

A wide range of natural food colorants and coloring foodstuffs is available for the food industry to meet current costumer trends. Most natural pigments are more sensitive towards heat, light, and pH changes compared to their synthetic counterparts. Additionally, high dosages are often required to attain desired color hues and intensities. In this research article, we report on the broad and worldwide incidence of a fraudulent practice to overcome these disadvantages by adding a non-approved azo-dye preparation originating from the textile dye Reactive Red 195 to natural pigment extracts. Since the respective products and their derivatives have been widely distributed, we present a rapid method allowing the differentiation of the fraudulent azo-dye from Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) flower and Beta vulgaris (red beet) root extracts, the two coloring foodstuffs that are most frequently adulterated. Furthermore, detailed HPLC-PDA-MS/MS data is presented for the unambiguous identification of Reactive Red 195 and its derivatives.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-02 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The textile industry is responsible for discarding wastewater contaminated with dyes. The timber industry generates waste in the form of sawdust. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adsorptive potential of sawdust obtained from the Aspidosperma polyneuron tree for the removal of the textile dye from wastewater. Sawdust was subjected to different pre-treatments (acid, alkaline and polyethyleneimine) in order to increase its adsorption capacity. Based on the results from the isotherms, treatment with polyethyleneimine (PEI) led to the greatest adsorption capacity and fits the Freundlich model, indicating cooperative adsorption. Other treatments with sawdust best fit the Langmuir model, but the untreated sawdust presented better results than the treated sawdust. These results were only surpassed by sawdust treated with PEI. A. polyneuron revealed good potential for use as an adsorbent to remove dyes, which is a novel result, since to date there is no study on its use as a sorbent material. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology São Paulo State University (UNESP) CAPES: 130621/2016-1

Wastewater of Gambier ( Uncaria gambier Roxb ) is a byproduct of pressing gambier leaves used for textile dyes. This wastewater cannot be stored for a long time to ease the moldy and rot process. The use of textile dye directly requires several long process steps. The study's purpose was to make a natural liquid dyestuff from gambier wastewater using varying mordant concentrations and test the quality of the dyestuff on cotton fabrics. The gambier wastewater was reacted with the FeSO 4 mordant to form a concentrated liquid used directly to dye textiles in a rapid and straightforward process. The study investigated varying the concentration of the FeSO 4 mordant from 1 to 5% (by weight). The reaction between wastewater and mordant was conducted while being stirred at 300 rpm and 70 o C for 30 minutes. It was generated a dark green liquid dyestuff. The concentration of FeSO 4 influenced the color strength (K/S) of the dyestuff and resulted in K/S values from 2.49-3.70. This dyestuff-colored cotton cloth a greenish-grey color. The resulting color depth depended on diluting the dyestuff with K/S values ranging from 6.34 to 12.64. The color fastness against washing, sunlight, and rubbing varied from reasonably good (2-3), good (4), and very good (4-5). It was observed that after a year of storage, the dyestuff retained its color, was stable and showed no visible sign of mold contamination, and was still able to dye the fabric effectively.

Synthetic dyes, particularly reactive and acid dyes, are commonly used in the textile industry because of their advantages as excellent color fastness and brightness. Also, surfactants are used for an increment of coloring success in the textile industry. One of the major problems concerning textile wastewater is the treatment of the effluents containing both dyes and surfactants. Biological treatment systems are recommended as useful, economic and eco-friendly methods for treatment of industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to investigate the binary removal of a textile dye and a surfactant by growing Aspergillus versicolor culture in molasses medium. The effect of dye and surfactant concentration on the removal of dye and surfactant was determined. This study resulted that 100% of the surfactant and dye molecules removed together with the formation of a dye-surfactant complex by fungus. It is concluded that binary removal systems are very efficient for industrial wastewater treatment. Resumo Os corantes sintéticos, particularmente corantes reativos e ácidos, são comumente usados na indústria têxtil devido às suas vantagens como excelente solidez da cor e brilho. Além disso, os surfactantes são usados para incrementar o sucesso da coloração na indústria têxtil. Um dos principais problemas relativos às águas residuais têxteis são o tratamento dos efluentes contendo corantes e surfactantes. Os sistemas de tratamento biológico são recomendados como métodos úteis, econômicos e ecológicos para o tratamento de efluentes industriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a remoção binária de um corante têxtil e um surfactante, cultivando a cultura Aspergillus versicolor em meio de melaço. O efeito das concentrações de corante e surfactante nas remoções de corante e surfactante foi determinado. Este estudo resultou na remoção de 100% das moléculas de surfactante e corante juntamente com a formação de um complexo corante-surfactante por fungos. Conclui-se que os sistemas de remoção binária são muito eficientes no tratamento de efluentes industriais.

Textile industries are responsible for one of the major environmental pollution problems in the world, because they release undesirable dye effluents. Textile wastewater contains dyes mixed with various contaminants at a variety of ranges. Therefore, environmental legislation commonly obligates textile factories to treat these effluents before discharge into the receiving watercourses. The treatment efficiency of any pilot-scale study can be examined by feeding the system either with real textile effluents or with artificial wastewater having characteristics, which match typical textile factory discharges. This paper presents a critical review of the currently available literature regarding typical and real characteristics of the textile effluents, and also constituents including chemicals used for preparing simulated textile wastewater containing dye, as well as the treatments applied for treating the prepared effluents. This review collects the scattered information relating to artificial textile wastewater constituents and organises it to help researchers who are required to prepare synthetic wastewater. These ingredients are also evaluated based on the typical characteristics of textile wastewater, and special constituents to simulate these characteristics are recommended. The processes carried out during textile manufacturing and the chemicals corresponding to each process are also discussed.

Denizli is one of the major textile and clothing manufacturing centers in Turkey, where a cotton-based home textile manufacturing cluster has been built up during the last 40years on top of the ancient and historic textile manufacturing traditions and handcrafts. In this study, a large cotton textile manufacturing dye house is investigated to capture the amount of water, chemical additives, energy, and salt consumption during the manufacturing stages. The gathered data are examined to determine possible improvements to maintain decreased fresh water consumption and consequently sustainable production applications. Primarily, a water consumption map of the plant is analyzed and the departments consuming the greatest amounts of fresh water are elaborated by Pareto analysis. Departments employing wet processes, especially high-temperature (HT) fabric rope dyeing and cone dyeing, are found to be high water consumers in the plant. Then the best available methods, applications, and recipes were investigated to improve the production methods to save water, chemical additives, salt, and energy. After evaluating the appropriate water saving possibilities in the plant, the use of drop-fill rinsing instead of overflow rinsing, using neutral enzymes instead of acidic enzymes, reducing salt consumption, and reducing processing time and energy applications were implemented. As a result of the intensive examination, analysis, and process improvement work, an average value of 62% of fresh water saving and 20.5% energy saving in total were obtained. Process optimization in the plant was incrementally applied to replace the overflow rinsing steps with the neutral enzyme utilized drop-fill process, possible without any loss of quality. Promising results that are gathered as water, energy, salt, and time savings show that spreading these approaches would help to reduce the environmental influence of the traditional cotton dyeing process in general. In this chapter, there are literature reviews about previous studies, analyses of reactive dyeing processes, a discussion of water, energy, and chemical consumption, and a description of the implementation of the drop/fill method and general findings. This study can be regarded as an example of sustainable and environmentally friendly production with concrete economic and environmental achievements in the Turkish textile industry. The results of the study show that the wide adoption of the proposed sustainable production measures will create effective change in the Turkish textile industry. Moreover, economic returns will also help the Turkish textile industry to face the tough challenges of high-quality, low-cost, and environmentally-friendly production in the global textile market. This study and similar case studies will be able to provide an environmental benefit, not only in Turkey, but all over the world. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Treatment of textile waste water has emerged as a great matter of concern amongst scientific community because of essentiality and scarcity of this valuable natural resource. Various techniques have been employed for waste water treatment, amongst which use of natural materials have made a significant contribution in the area of sustainable environment.This paper focuses on the use of the seeds of Argemone Mexicana, a weed for removal of a textile dye from its synthetic solution. Optimisation of several parameters has been carried out for elimination of dye from water resource at neutral conditions. Variation in different parameters affecting decolorization of the dye from aqueous solution, have been studied at length. Maximum decolorization (About 60%) has been observed after four hours with 0.1 g of the elected natural adsorbent obtained after passing through sieve size of 300 µm.

Laccases are phenol oxidases belonging to the superfamily of multicopper oxidases and are found in bacteria, fungi, lichens, higher plants, and insects. Over the past few decades, laccases and laccase mediator systems (LMS) have found uses in a wide range of technological applications such as textile dye decolorization, industrial wastewater detoxification, pulp bleaching, chemical synthesis, and development of miniaturized biosensors. This has encouraged numerous studies to find and purify laccases with exploitable characteristics. The main aim of the present review is to summarize the rich literature data gained in recent years from the studies on laccases, focusing on the organisms that produce them, the methods used for screening, laccase activity assays, purification strategies, and the application of laccases as eco-friendly biocatalysts.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:25:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-31 A cheap and robust method for the detection and quantification of textile dyes is the use of biomimetic sensors with optical transduction, employing a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the recognition element. This paper presents the optimization of a MIP for the dye, basic red 9 (BR9) and the immobilization of these polymers on a disposable 4-cm long polystyrene optical waveguide for the development of an evanescent wave fiber optic sensor aimed at the determination and quantification of this dye in different matrices and industrial effluents. MIPs were synthesized using 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. The polymer was then immobilized on the waveguide by dip-coating the fiber in the polymer suspension. The sensing element was interrogated with a fiber-coupled spectrophotometer. BR9 could be detected in the low μM range, thus making it a promising device for determining this compound in textile effluents. Institute of Chemistry, Unesp-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Francisco Degni, 55 Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Laboratory for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, CS60319 Institute of Chemistry, Unesp-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Francisco Degni, 55

BACKGROUND: Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers not included in the majority of commercially available baseline series.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome of patch testing to a textile dye mix (TDM) consisting of 8 disperse dyes.METHODS: Two thousand four hundred ninety-three consecutive dermatitis patients in 9 dermatology clinics were patch tested with a TDM 6.6%, consisting of Disperse (D) Blue 35, D Yellow 3, D Orange 1 and 3, D Red 1 and 17, all 1.0% each, and D Blue 106 and D Blue 124, each 0.3%. 90 reacted positively to the TDM. About 92.2% of the patients allergic to the TDM were also tested with the 8 separate dyes.RESULTS: Contact allergy to TDM was found in 3.6% (1.3-18.2) Simultaneous reactivity to p-phenylenediamine was found in 61.1% of the TDM-positive patients. Contact allergy to TDM and not to other p-amino-substituted sensitizers was diagnosed in 1.2%. The most frequent dye allergen in the TDM-positive patients was D Orange 3.CONCLUSIONS: Over 30% of the TDM allergic patients had been missed if only the international baseline series was tested. Contact allergy to TDM could explain or contribute to dermatitis in over 20% of the patients. Textile dye mix should be considered for inclusion into the international baseline series.

This study focuses on the modeling and optimization of the decolorization procedure of real textile dye. The percentage of decolorization of effluent in the Erlenmeyer flask level, as obtained by both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), was determined and subjected to comparative evaluation. The effect of independent variables such as pH (5–8), self-immobilized Pleurotus ostreatus, bead volume (30–50%) (Vb/Vr), and initial effluent concentration (50–100%) was examined using three-level Box–Behnken design. A similar design was utilized to train a feed-forward multilayered perceptron with back-propagation algorithm. Errors were computed using error functions, and the values obtained for RSM and ANN were compared. The maximum percentage decolorization and COD reduction of effluent under optimized conditions over a 24-h period were observed as 89 and 72%, respectively. The parameters optimized in the flask level were adapted in an inverse fluidized bed bioreactor of...

Effluents from dye and textile industries are highly contaminated and toxic to the environment. High concentration of non-biodegradable compounds contributes to increased biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater bodies. Dyes found in wastewater from textile industries are carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic. Biological processes involving certain bacteria, fungi, activated carbon and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising methods for treating the waste water. These methods are either inefficient or ineffective. These complexities necessitates search for new approaches that will offset all the shortcomings of the present solutions to the challenges faced with textile wastewater management. This article reviews the past and recent methods used in the treatment of the textile dye wastewater and the future opportunities for efficient treatment of textiles wastewaters.

Present study perceives that textile dye effluents of Erode, Pallipalayam and Bhavani region have substantial volume of EC, pH, TDS, COD, BOD, Sodium Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and heavy metals. Results point out that irrespective of the source, effluent properties exceeded permissible limits by WHO/ FAO/Federal Environmental Protection Agency for irrigation. The textile industry consumes a mixture of chemicals and huge amount of water during the production process. About 200 L of water are used to produce 1 kg of textile. The textile effluent can cause several health infections like haemorrhage, ulceration of skin, nausea, skin irritation and dermatitis.

An immobilization technique using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) crosslinked with sodium alginate as a matrix has been developed for textile dyes decolorization. Textiles use dye as an addition to the aesthetic value of the product. Dyes are generally used is a textile dye where the waste will be released directly into the waters around 2-20%. Therefore, it is important to develop an enzyme immobilization method using PVA-Alginate as a matrix. Based on the results of the study showed that the PVA-Alginate beads produced high decolorization percent compared to beads which contains only Ca-alginate alone and formula matrix is optimum at PVA 6% and alginate 1.5%. Encapsulation with boric acid at 7% showed optimum decolorization and reduction for enzyme leakage during decolorization. This study suggested that immobilization of enzymes into PVA-alginate matrix might be used as a biodecolorating agent.An immobilization technique using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) crosslinked with sodium alginate as a matrix has been developed for textile dyes decolorization. Textiles use dye as an addition to the aesthetic value of the product. Dyes are generally used is a textile dye where the waste will be released directly into the waters around 2-20%. Therefore, it is important to develop an enzyme immobilization method using PVA-Alginate as a matrix. Based on the results of the study showed that the PVA-Alginate beads produced high decolorization percent compared to beads which contains only Ca-alginate alone and formula matrix is optimum at PVA 6% and alginate 1.5%. Encapsulation with boric acid at 7% showed optimum decolorization and reduction for enzyme leakage during decolorization. This study suggested that immobilization of enzymes into PVA-alginate matrix might be used as a biodecolorating agent.

With increased industrialization and urbanization, there has been an increased level of pollutants in the environment. It is imperative to reduce concentration of toxic compounds in the effluent to meet ever-increasing legislative standards. While in most of the cases physicochemical treatments of wastes suffer from one or the other limitation, bioremediation is a promising alternative. Fungi, with their unique traits like their greater growth capacity, reach by virtue of mycelial branching, ability to produce a number of enzymes and metal accumulation potential, etc., are very well suited for bioremediation processes. Marine-derived fungi, being able to grow under extreme conditions (like high salinity and pH), are even better candidates for such purposes as their traits may especially be useful in the treatment of industrial effluent. The role of marine-derived fungi in general, and those screened along Gujarat coast, India, in particular, for removal of some pollutants, is discussed. Based on the findings, marine-derived fungi are envisioned as prospective bioremediation candidates.

Toxic effect of textile dyes their increasing quantities in air, soil and water environments, because of growing of industrial activities, they must be taken into consideration since they give harm to the environment. We come across textile dyes in natural wetlands as result of uncontrolled industrial wastes. Textile dyes that can accumulate easily in their environments may show toxic effects. Pumice, accruing as a result of volcanic events and durable against chemical factors, is a rock that has porous structure. Pumices have a porous structure because of sudden cooling of the rock and sudden leaving of gases a result of volcanic events. Thanks to these pores, pumices’ heat and sound insulation are quite high. The most distinctive feature of pumice from other rocks is that it has different colors and there is not crystal water in its porous structure. Adsorption studies are applied with Van Pumice at pH = 6, the adsorption mechanism and changing dye concentration. As result of these researches, it has been found out that there are different adsorption movements at pH 6 between Neutral Red and Van Pumice. The result of this study shows that the Pumice found in Lake Van gives a better fit for the Langmuir Isotherm (model) and the amount of adsorption increases with the temperature. We thereby conclude that the Pumice located in Lake Van is a recommended adsorbent for filtering the used textile dye in aqueous medium.