1. World-record Cu(In,Ga)Se2 -based thin-film sub-module with 17.4% efficiency
- Author
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Erik Wallin, Lars Stolt, Tobias Jarmar, Ulf Malm, and Edoff, Olle Lundberg, Marika
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Aperture ,Photovoltaic system ,Electrical engineering ,Substrate (electronics) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Scalability ,Optoelectronics ,Deposition (phase transition) ,Thin film solar cell ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Thin film ,business - Abstract
We report a new certified world-record efficiency for thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based photovoltaic sub-modules of 17.4%(aperture area). The record efficiency of the 16 cm2, monolithically integrated, sub-module has been independently confirmedby Fraunhofer ISE. The record device is the result of extensive co-optimization of all processing steps. Duringthe optimization process, strong focus has been put on the scalability of processes to cost-effective mass production, asreflected, for example, in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 deposition time and substrate temperature. Device manufacturing as well as resultsof electrical and material characterization is discussed.
- Published
- 2012