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Although successes in antiretroviral therapy (ART) turned AIDS from lethal illness into sluggishly progressing disease, its prevention and treatment remain one of the most socially significant concerns. The increase in the number of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in the USA, South America and Europe, determines the need in creating a vaccine against this disease. Existing vaccination practice has demonstrated efficiency of priming/boosting scheme for the development of immune responses. As anti-vector immunity of priming vector can constrain the response to boosting immunization with the same vaccine, heterologous priming/boosting vector constructs are used. An ideal AIDS vaccine would prevent virus dissemination and control viral replication, but it also must be safe for HIV-infected contingent. The vaccination of HIV-infected individuals is used for enhancing immune-mediated elimination of persistently HIV-infected CD4+ Т-cells during long-term ART in order to purge the latently infected viral reservoirs. The paper considers the results of clinical trials of DNA-anti-HIV/AIDS vaccines and recombinant MVA strain of vaccinia virus, expressing different combination of HIV genes, which demonstrated the safety and tolerability both, in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected volunteers. All implemented schedules of vaccination induced cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in all volunteers. And though there are no data on acquiring AIDS by HIV-uninfected volunteers from groups at low risk of HIV-infection, there are no grounds to conclude the sufficiency of induced protection for the prevention of possible HIV infection.

The pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) disease that began in December 2019 in China is still having a huge impact on all spheres of human life. The herd immunity, which is the most effective tool for preventing the spread of the disease, is formed in two ways: the passive way (i.e., the formation of a population not susceptible to re-infection due to the natural spread of the disease) and the active way (mass immunisation). High rates of COVID-19 vaccination were achieved thanks to the development and mass production of new vaccines. The selection of the most promising vaccine platforms is one of the key aspects of successful mass immunisation. The aim of the study was to compare the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines used for mass immunisation. The paper analyses the vaccine technology platforms, efficacy of different types of vaccines based on clinical trial results, safety of vaccines for different population groups, and potential for scaling up vaccine production in order to ensure the necessary vaccination coverage. The vaccines currently used for mass immunisation are: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA1273 (Moderna), Gam-COVID-Vac (N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology), Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson), ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222) (AstraZeneca), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), and NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax). The comparison of the main characteristics of the vaccines demonstrated that the most promising types of vaccines for COVID-19 specific prophylaxis are RNA vaccines and recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccines.

The prospects of using packing materials based on metalworking machine waste as heat and mass transfer blocks for evaporative cooling of industrial recycled water are considered. A procedure is provided for treating experimental data making it possible during analysis of parameters for various packing materials to evaluate the efficiency of their application in specific mass transfer processes and equipment. A procedure is used for processing experimental data making it possible during analysis of a wide range of different packing materials to evaluate the prospects for their industrial application in specific mass transfer processes and equipment. Results of mathematical modeling and design of evaporative cooling equipment for industrial recycled water with the proposed energy and resource-saving heat and mass transfer packing based on metalworking waste are presented.

The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide amounted to 50 million at the beginning of November 2020. This is clearly not enough for the formation of herd immunity, which will prevent repeated outbreaks of the disease. Quarantine measures can only curb the spread of the disease to some extent, therefore specific preventive measures are needed to create collective immunity to COVID-19.The underlying principle of collective immunity is indirect protection of the whole of the population by immunising a certain part of it. Vaccination is the most effective approach to prevention of epidemic outbreaks. The aim of the study was to analyse promising approaches to the development of vaccines against novel coronavirus COVID-19 infection. The paper summarises data on development studies and clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines conducted in different countries. It analyses the pros and cons of different platforms for vaccine development (attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA and RNA vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines). The paper presents a potential design of novel vaccines. It was concluded that COVID-19 vaccines might be developed both for immunising high-risk groups and for mass immunisation. An optimal solution for the second task would be to develop human or monkey adenovirus vector-based vaccines whose mass production has already been unveiled.

A modified system for automatic control of hydrodynamic operating modes of packed adsorption columns for the selective cleaning of gas emissions is described, which allows automatic adjustment of the operating modes of packed mass transfer apparatus. Presents the scheme and algorithm of developed system with the automatic adjustment (calibration) mode of main operating parameters. The main features and advantages of using elastically deformable blocks of packed material are given on the example of metal chips, i.e. waste of machine tools as a packed material that meet all requirements of the ongoing mass transfer processes and are amenable to automated regulation. The developed system of automatic regulation of parameters of packed units, but also to solve a very serious environmental problem of industrial waste recovery. A classification technique of studying the hydrodynamics of packed materials, capable of concluding the suitability of this sample of packing material for a specific mass transfer process, in particular the adsorption process for the selective cleaning of gas emissions.

The Ebola virus (member of Ebolavirus genus Filoviridae family) is the etiologic agent of extremely hazard human disease with high mortality rates (up to 90%). The most important components of spectrum of therapeutics for special prophylactic and current of disease, caused by Ebola virus, are prepares, based on virus specific antibodies (convalescent's plasma, geterologic immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies. The use of different class therapeutics, based on virus specific antibodies, the possible improvements of its composition and strategy of its application for special prophylactic and current of disease, caused by Ebola virus, are considered in this review.Вирус Эбола (представитель рода Ebolavirus семейства Filoviridae) является этиологическим агентом особо опасного заболевания, летальность которого достигает 90%. Важнейшими компонентами спектра средств экстренной профилактики и лечения заболевания, вызванного вирусом Эбола, являются препараты на основе вирусспецифических антител (плазма реконвалесцентов, гетерологичные иммуноглобулины, моноклональные антитела). Целью настоящего обзора является анализ эффективности медицинских средств защиты на основе вирусспецифических антител для экстренной профилактики и лечения заболевания, вызванного вирусом Эбола. В обзоре рассмотрено использование различных классов препаратов на основе вирусспецифических антител и возможное совершенствование их состава и стратегии применения при экстренной профилактике и лечении заболевания, вызванного вирусом Эбола.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a new virus (SFTS virus) reported to be endemic to central and northeastern parts of China. SFTS virus, which is classified into the genus Phlebovirus (the Bunyaviridae family), is suspected to be a tick-borne virus owing to evidence in two species of ticks: Haemaphysalis longicornis and Rhipicephalus microplus. SFTS virus is detected among many species of domestic animals in China. The clinical symptoms of SFTS include fever, thrombocytopenia, leucocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, neural symptoms, bleeding tendency. The fatality rate of SFTS is 6-30%. Person-to-person transmission of SFTS virus is possible through blood contact. Clinical and epidemiological studies of SFTS, the cases of SFTS outside China, person-to-person transmission of SFTS virus, evolutionary and molecular analysis of the emergent SFTS virus, and risk assessment of human infection with a novel phlebovirus are considered in this review.Острая лихорадка с тромбоцитопеническим синдромом (SFTS) - новое инфекционное вирусное заболевание, эндемичное для центральной и северо-восточных частей Китайской Народной Республики. Природным хозяином вируса SFTS, который относится к роду Phlebovirus семейства Bunyaviridae, являются клещи видов Haemaphysalis longicornis и Rhipicephalus microplus. В КНР вирус SFTS обнаружен у многих видов домашних животных, у которых заболевание протекает инаппарантно. Заболевание характеризуется лихорадкой, тромбоцитопенией, лейкоцитопенией, синдромами поражения желудочно-кишечного тракта и нервной системы, проявлениями геморрагического синдрома. Летальность при SFTS составляет от 6 до 30%. Возможна передача вируса от человека к человеку вследствие контакта с кровью больного. В обзоре рассмотрены данные клинического и эпидемиологического изучения инфекции, эволюционный и молекулярно-биологический анализ возбудителя, случаи заболевания за пределами КНР, передача вируса SFTS от человека к человеку, факторы риска при заболевании, вызываемом новым флебовирусом.

The article presents the results of the experiments on fluid and gas dynamics through a layer of packing material S-Aisi304ε-0, 95 (ε=0, 95, σ=160m2/m3) suggested for use as packing blocks in small-size evaporation cooling apparatuses for industrial recirculated water. Experimentally confirmed effects are covered that prove the performance efficiency of wastes from metal-working machinery as packing materials for contact evaporation blocks. Results of mathematical modelling and engineering calculation of the main process parameters and dimensions for a small-size evaporation cooling apparatus for industrial recirculated water with use of contact blocks filled with the studied packing material are provided.

Presently, the Arenavirus genus (Arenaviridae family) includes 26 individual species of viruses. It is divided into two main groups – Old World arenaviruses and New World arenaviruses. The New World arenaviruses comprise four clades: А, B, C, D; pathogenic for humans New World arenaviruses are attributed to clade B. Lassa, Lujo, Machupo, Junin, Guanarito and Sabia viruses are the agents of extremely hazardous hemorrhagic fevers (Lassa hemorrhagic fever, Lujo hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Argentinean hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, accordingly). These arenaviruses pose a potential threat to national public health due to the possibility of their accidental importation into the territory of the Russian Federation. The vaccination of risk group is the most effective and money-saving means of protection against epidemic spread. Objective of this review is to analyze the specific preparations for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever prevention that are currently under development. Production of live vaccines based on attenuated strains of the agents, the DNA vaccines, vector recombinant vaccines and vaccines on the basis of RNA-replicons is viewed as the main trends in the area. Тhe most important results in the development of effective prophylactic means against arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers are discussed in this paper.

An algorithm that determines the winner in a cyclic game in polynomial time is proposed. The two-person game occurs continuously on the edges of a directed graph until a vertex visited earlier is reached. If the weight of the resulting cycle is nonnegative, then the maximizing player wins; if this cycle has a negative weight, then the minimizing player wins. A polynomial estimate of the expected algorithm execution time is obtained under the condition that the weights of the game’s graph edges are distributed uniformly. A brief justification of the time estimate of the algorithm is given. Such games have applications in the validating the correctness of parallel-distributed computer systems, including problems of making up a feasible schedule with logical precedence conditions and preprocessing possibilities.

Lujo hemorrhagic fever (LHF) is a viral disease accompanied with fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, arthralgia, myalgia and numerous signs of hemorrhagic syndrome. LHF causes a clinical syndrome remarkably similar to Lassa hemorrhagic fever. The first case of LHF occurred in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 2008. There was a secondary transmission from the index patient to four healthcare workers. Four of the five patients died. The etiologic agent of LHF is Lujo virus (LUJV) belonging to Arenavirus genus of the Arenaviridae Family. Virus Lujo is the second pathogenic arenavirus, after Lassa virus, to be recognized in Africa during the last 40 years. Data about epidemiology, clinical characteristics and diagnostics of LHF, properties of Lujo virus (according to phylogenetic analysis), and recommended precautions for preventing secondary transmission are considered in this paper.

The article represents the system for automated process parameters adjustment of packed mass exchange apparatuses intended for selective gas emissions treatment. It describes the flow chart and algorithm of adjustment program of the packed mass exchange apparatus. It also outlines the identification technique for required (optimal) flow dynamic operating modes of the mass exchange packed absorbers. The data obtained through automated adjustment of process parameters serve (are needed) for functioning of the self-adaptable automated mode control system of industrial absorbers for selective gas emissions treatment.

The paper provides the scheme and algorithm of the automatic system controlling the operation modes of evaporation cooling apparatuses for industrial recirculating water of local recirculating water supply systems. The authors have described the principle of parameter registration and the automatic calibration of the main parameters at the commissioning stage and during the operation of heat and mass transfer technological equipment. The authors have developed a new approach to the use of elastically deformable heat and mass transfer packing blocks and wastes from metalworking machines as packing contact devices for evaporation cooling apparatuses. Compressed blocks of metal shavings can be volumetrically elastically deformed which allows adjusting operation modes automatically and solving partly a very serious problem of disposing industrial wastes from machine-building enterprises. The article also covers developing of evaporation cooling apparatuses.

Nowadays vaccination of the population living in the endemic regions and widespread implementation of the potent therapies for the emergency prophylaxis and treatment into the clinical practice are regarded as the basic efficient and cost-effective measures for Ebola epidemic spread control. Objective of the review is to analyze current state of the development of aids for the immediate prophylaxis and treatment of Ebola fever. Focus area of the activities is the construction of drugs on the basis of virus-specific anti-bodies (including monoclonal), small interfering RNA, and anti-sense phosphordiamidate morpholine oligomers and interferons. The paper discusses the most significant achievements in this sphere.

The proposed method of ranking the branches of a distributed corporate systems for key performance indicators of their activities, the implementation of which gives a comparative evaluation of each of the branches for further modeling of economic and production scenarios.

Some drugs candidates for treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD), have been studied, monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails have shown great potential as EVD therapeutics. The advantages of mAb therapy include low toxicity, high specificity and versatility, with the range of biological effects being dependent upon the Fc region. Functions of mAbs include pathogen opsonisation, complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and virus neutralization characteristics. The most known mAb cocktail, used as therapeutic, is ZMapр, manufactured by «Leaf Biopharmaceutical» from 2004. The elaborated mAb cocktails, structures and properties s of mAbs, the protective characteristics of mAbs and development of new pan-ebolavirus mAbs are reviewed in this article.

The problem of constructing a time-optimal schedule for jobs execution with precedence logical conditions is considered. Every job is associated with a list of its direct predecessors, execution time and the number of the completed direct predecessors necessary to start execution of the job. It is shown that the problem can be solved by the methods of the cyclical games theory [1, 2]. We propose a pseudopolynomial algorithm for construction of the optimal schedule; i.e. the presented algorithm is efficient for the problems with small data arrays. The paper extends the results from [3], where AND/OR schedules are considered. A job can be started, when all its direct predecessor have been executed or when at least one of its direct predecessors has been completed.

The components of large digital systems structured as toroidal grids are tested and diagnosed in three stages. At the first stage, the components of the subsystems as specified by the primary layout are checked in parallel. At the following two stages, the subsystems obtained from the primary subsystems by one-step right (downward) shift are checked in parallel as well. For the large digital systems, a multiagent organization of system diagnosis was developed. The functional characteristics and interrelations of the seven types of agents required for realization of the test and diagnosis components of the large digital systems under consideration were determined. An example of the multiagent organization of diagnosis of the components of a nine-module toroidal subsystem was considered.

New designs are proposed for the narrow mold walls in continuous-casting machines at OAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat. The taper of the new walls varies over the height so as allow for shrinkage of the cast billet.

The results of the development of the transmitting module M45224 of Doppler speed and range measuring device (DISD) are presented. This module is designed to work in the ASC “Phobos — Grunt” movement measuring lander during the final approach and landing segments. M45224 Transmitter Module is designed by FSUC “Istok” for Doppler velocity and range measuring device (DISD). It consists of two identical solid-state microwave generators (main and backup) with a frequency modulation and microwave radio frequency unit, which includes a switch for five outputs-channels (signals from four channels are received at the antenna, while the fifth one is a control channel, and a signal from this channel is given to the receiving module), a power combiner and a directional power coupler for the heterodyne signal receiver formation. The module is intended to work in ASC “Phobos — Grunt” spacecraft for the lender movement measuring on segments of the final approach and landing on Phobos.

Experience gathered in recording neutrons with the aid of polymer track detectors on calibrated neutron sources and around the 70 GeV proton synchrotron has shown that detectors making use of fissile nuclides in combination with polyethylene terephthalate track detectors and spark counting of the tracks are suitable and promising for their large scale use as measuring means of dosimetric characteristics of the neutron fields in a high-energy accelerator. They can be used to build an albedo-track dosimeter in which235U is the albedo detector and237Np,238U, and232Th are used as the threshold detector. Also a nitrate cellulose film without a converter can be used as a threshold detector but there the measurement error is 2–3 times greater than in the detectors making use of fissile nuclides because the film sensitivity has a considerable (∿30%) spread even to monochromatic neutrons. In addition, a detector based on209Bi can be used for spectrometric measurements of high-energy neutron spectra.

Recently, multiple frequency oscillator units providing the switching of stable microwave signal sources have attracted considerable interest. These units provide a frequency switching rate below 5 /spl mu/s while retaining the parameters of an individual dielectric resonator (DR) stabilized microwave oscillator. These oscillator units use sharp suppression and excitation of self-induced oscillations in the oscillator circuit, in addition to a high-speed multichannel p-i-n switch (up to 10 channels).

1. The difference in the structure of steel through the depth induced by incomplete hardenability of large rotors has a strong effect on the resistance to crack propagationap and ductile-brittle temperature T50, but has a negligible effect on the work of crack initiation and the standard mechanical properties. 2. To determine the resistance to fracture of large parts it is expedient to use samples with lateral notches.

The use of noncontact, low-inertia elements (semiconducting transistors) has enabled us to create a bridge circuit with a very low balancing time. Measurements may be made in 20 msec by using the apparatus described.