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—A theoretical analysis of various single-sideband modulation formats used in fiber-optic communication lines with an external electrooptical two-electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator for generating optical signals resistant to dispersive power degradation has been performed. A family of new single-sideband modulation formats is presented, the features of their use, advantages, and disadvantages are considered. A decrease in nonlinear distortions of signals during their transportation through dispersive optical fiber is assumed.

To determine the frequency of the key psychopathological syndromes, the dynamics and comorbidity of schizophrenia and other psychoses in Russian veterans of local wars receiving hospital treatment.The study included 685 patients of a psychiatric department of a military hospital, including 264 veterans of the local wars (the main group), 296 people (career military servicemen and retirees), who do not take part in combat actions (the first comparison group) and 125 people matched for the middle age and the age distribution curve with the main group (the second comparison group).The frequency of psychoses appeared to be slightly less in veterans (7.2%) compared to patients of comparison groups (14.5% and 8.8%, respectively). In all groups, most patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20): 3.8% in the main group, 4.4% in the first comparison group and 4.0% in the second comparison group. Other acute and chronic psychotic disorders (F22-F23) were diagnosed in 0.8, 5.4 and 3.2% patients, respectively. Organic delusion disorders were diagnosed in 1.5% patients of the main group, 3.7% patients of the first comparison group and were not detected in the second comparison group. Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychosis was about 2% in the main group in whole and 26.3% in those with schizophrenia and other delusional disorders. The degree of incidence of symptoms of PTSD in veterans diagnosed with psychosis was significantly less than their frequency among all veterans (20% and 46.9%, respectively). Military stress factors do not influence the development of hallucinations and delusions in the main group. In the majority of veterans, psychotic symptoms manifested for the first time after stopping combat stress, the subsequent development and recurrence of psychotic symptoms happened regardless of the influence of combat stress factors.Определение частоты, ведущих психопатологических синдромов, динамики и коморбидности шизофрении и других эндогенных психозов у российских ветеранов локальных войн, находящихся на стационарном лечении.Обследовали 685 пациентов, которые проходили лечение в психиатрических отделениях военного госпиталя: 264 ветеранов локальных войн (основная группа); 296 военнослужащих (кадровые и запаса), не принимавших участия в боевых действиях (1-я группа сравнения), которые отличались по среднему возрасту от основной группы; 125 военнослужащих (кадровые и запаса), которые не принимали участия в боевых действиях и соответствовали по среднему возрасту и кривой распределения возраста пациентам основной группы (2-я группа сравнения).Среди ветеранов (пациенты основной группы) частота бредовых (шизофреноподобных) психозов оказалась несколько меньше (7,2%), чем среди пациентов, не принимавших участия в боевых действиях (14,5 и 8,8%, соответственно). У пациентов всех трех групп чаще всего диагностировалась шизофрения (F20 по МКБ-10): в основной группе у 3,8% пациентов, в 1-й группе сравнения у 4,4%, во 2-й группе сравнения у 4,0%. Другие острые и хронические психотические расстройства (F22—F23) отмечались реже: у 0,8, 5,4 и 3,2% пациентов соответственно. Органические бредовые расстройства диагностировались в 1,5% случаев у ветеранов, в 3,7% — у пациентов 1-й группы и не были выявлены во 2-й группе сравнения. Коморбидность посттравматического стрессового расстройства (ПТСР) и психотических симптомов у ветеранов не достигала 2% в целом по группе, однако встречалась у 26,3% пациентов с диагностированной шизофренией и другими бредовыми расстройствами. Частота симптомов ПТСР у ветеранов с диагностированной шизофренией и другими бредовыми расстройствами оказалась значимо меньше их частоты среди всех ветеранов (20 и 46,9% соответственно). Связи галлюцинаторных и бредовых переживаний с воздействием военных стресс-факторов в основной группе не прослеживалось. У большинства пациентов основной группы психотическая симптоматика манифестировала после прекращения влияния боевого стресса, последующее развитие и рецидивы психотической симптоматики происходили вне связи с влиянием факторов военного времени.

Since importance of improving of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) always follow modern trends by using new wireless communication technologies, the trend of latest research topics is focusing on Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET networks play a vital role in ITS due to their increasing importance for the building of ITS. VANET is a subclass of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). VANET depends on wireless technologies to establish communication between moving vehicles (nodes). An appropriate and efficient routing protocol helps to successful exchange data between mobility nodes in vehicular ad-hoc networks. VANET has a lot of similar features to MANETs such as finite bandwidth, self-arrangement, self-administration, and unstable network topology. Except it has some important features of its characteristic such as very high node mobility, delay restrictions, and frequent network outages. For this reason, routing in VANET networks is much more complex than routing in MANET networks. The purpose of this study - to evaluate the performance of protocols AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) and their impact on the performance of networks VANET. This paper differs in that it analyses the impact of network size at a large number of nodes, and different vehicle speeds on network performance metrics like packet delivery ratio, throughput, average delay, overhead and packet loss ratio and assessing the level of network performance at realistic mobility scenarios for the movement of vehicles in the street generated by Bonnmotion tool. Also, the simulation is carried out in NS-3 simulator to create VANET network topology and routing protocols.

Adhesive systems have attracted considerable research interest in recent years. The article review the publications devoted to the current state of the problem associated with the applicability of a particular adhesive system in clinical dentistry. The results of the review show that none of the currently available adhesive systems completely satisfy the experts. All systems are not perfect and have some disadvantages. The principles of selection of adhesive systems also been revealed in the article.

The presented study examines the major directions for the application of digital technologies in tourism with an emphasis on the efficiency of digital technologies and digital logistics services; proposes a definition of digital logistics services in tourism; describes directions for the shared use of digital logistics services by tourists and business entities; systematizes the shared use of digital technologies; provides a model for the shared use of digital logistics services that outlines the relationships between the participants of the tourism market.Aim. The study aims to propose a conceptual model for the shared use of digital logistics services that would outline the relationships between all participants of the tourism market and to accentuate the benefits of the shared use of logistics services.Tasks. The authors examine the major directions for the application of digital technologies in tourism both for the firm and the destination; analyze approaches and propose a definition of digital logistics services in tourism; systematize directions for the application of modern digital technologies and services in tourism; substantiate the practicability of the shared use of digital logistics services by the consumers (tourists) and producers (enterprises in the hospitality industry) of tourism services; substantiate a conceptual model for the shared use of digital logistics services in tourism.Methods. This study uses analysis, systematization, and modeling to create a model for the shared use of digital logistics services.Results. Based on the conducted analysis of the application of digital technologies and logistics services in tourism, the authors propose a definition of digital logistics services in tourism premised on the general understanding of logistics as a set of services that ensure the continuity and consistency of processes to achieve the planned result using digital technologies to accomplish the logistics goal. The study systematizes the shared use of digital technologies and services in tourism, including for the management of tourist flows, and provides a model for the shared use of digital logistics services that outlines the relationships between the participants of the tourism market, directions for their interaction, the place of the logistics service, and the benefits of the shared use of digital logistics services for market harmonization.Conclusions. The digital transformation of logistics in tourism is a new form of communication between producers and consumers of tourism services, serving as a source of competitive advantages for tourism organizations and an efficient way of managing tourist flows. Competitive advantages will be gained by those tourism enterprises that will manage to implement the process of customization in their services in the best possible way, thus turning consumers from potential into real, loyal clients and ensuring long-term sustainability based on consistently high profitability, which is particularly important during a crisis. The formation of a new market for tourism services based on the digitalization of all processes is now viewed as an opportunity not only to preserve this type of economic activity, but also to develop it through new opportunities provided by digital technologies. Some of the specific features of the digital transformation of logistics in tourism include the existence of personified services and application of the proposed model for the shared use of digital logistics services. Their efficient application will make it possible to preserve the economically and socially important sphere of emotional acquaintance of consumers with the world’s cultural traditions and historical artifacts.

Electron beam deposition is a process that involves the use of an electron beam as a source of energy and wire as a raw material for the fabrication of metal products with complex shape in a vacuum...

Compared with optimizing electrical filter (EF) designs and increasing field numbers, optimizing the modes of the electric power supply of corona electrodes is more economical for increasing the level of degree of dust cleaning. Moreover, the simplest and least expensive way is to change the form of the supply voltage other than unipolar by applying, in addition to any kind of standard power supply, for example, a pulse from the console of a high-voltage pulse power source (PPS) in a microsecond duration based on high-voltage power thiratrons. Numerous experiments have been performed on an EF-type EGA-35-9-5-3 with a unipolar voltage of approximately -40 kV, which is supplied by a standard unipolar power source (i.e., ATF 600). The optimal pulse duration is determined to be 20 – 60 μsec (with a duty ratio of approximately 200%), and the repetition period is approximately 4 msec (250 Hz). A study aiming for almost a ten-fold increase in the service life of PSS auxiliary devices was reduced to the development of a new electron-beam switch ELV 50/100M instead of a high-voltage power thyratron TGI1-2500/35. The parameters of the electrical circuit were optimized via computer simulation. Results showed that replacing a power thyratron switch with an electron beam does not affect the output pulse parameters of auxiliary devices. In accordance with the minimum value of chimney dust emissions and a predetermined algorithm, the electric operating modes of PSS auxiliary devices were optimized for each of the boiler’s mode of operation by using an intelligent control system. The initial data on dust emissions for the control system were determined by using an optical dust meter. The electrical circuit of an intelligent control system for the automatic optimization of the PSS auxiliary device’s mode of operation is under development. Its implementation requires further verification in the field.

Due to the conditions that cause the spread of COVID-19, national health systems worldwide are under severe strain. Most countries face similar difficulties such as a lack of medical personnel and equipment and tools for diagnosis and treatment, overrun hospitals, and forced restriction of planned medical care. Public authorities in healthcare take the following measures due to increased pressure: limiting the transmission and spread of the virus (social distancing and quarantine), mobilizing medical personnel, ensuring the availability of diagnostic and treatment tools, and providing a sufficient number of premises, which are not always suitable for the provision of medical care (buildings and structures). To date, the stages of management decision-making to counter coronavirus infection and the risk of COVID-19 transmission at various facilities have not been analyzed. The authors propose a methodology for assessing the COVID-19 transmission risk at various social and transport facilities. A survey of 1325 respondents from Moscow demonstrated the most significant risk factors, such as visitation avoidance, infection risk, and facemask wearing. Risk categories were determined and objects classified according to high, medium, and low-risk levels.

The article describes the methods of creating digital projects for automated control systems, the specifics of creating digital projects and the difference between methodological solutions for railways. The advantages of the developed methodology for digitizing the path with respect to the conversion of design coordinates from the MSC to a new coordinate system to ensure the operation of SAU-3D are shown. The block diagram of creating a digital project based on the digitization of the path using the hardware-software complex "Profile" and design geometric parameters. Examples of using traditional project documentation to obtain initial design data for creating digital projects are shown.

Possibilities of increasing the electron beam energy concentration in the electron-optical system of a welding gun characterized by a traditional scheme in which a focusing lens and a deflecting system are installed sequentially along the beam and a new scheme based on a focusing–deflecting system with combined fields are considered. A technique based on solving the paraxial equations of trajectories and calculating aberration integrals is described, which allows one to determine the total diameter of the electron beam. Based on the described methodology, a model of a new focusing–deflecting system with combined fields has been developed. It is shown that the new scheme of the electron-optical system allows one to increase the energy concentration in the region of the interaction of the beam with the material in comparison with the traditional one.

The article discusses the possibility of using the method of conceptual modeling for revision of the Concept development of the agricultural insurance, implemented with state support, for the period up to 2020.

The current economic situation in the global fuel market leads to the fact that there is a rise in the cost of operating vehicles. All this makes the owners of such vehicles pay close attention to their optimal operation mode, which primarily depends on competent diagnosis of its components. Saving fuel-operating resources of a modern car directly depends on optimally adjusted parameters of operation of all components and assemblies of a car. The purpose of this work was to increase the efficiency of the process of technical operation of vehicles through the use of the method of remote diagnostics on the example of LLC POGA-1. The practice of using diagnostic tools demonstrates the possibilities of reducing operating costs. This is achieved due to an increase in the resources actually used, a decrease in the number of repairs and the saving of spare parts costs. Over the past years in the Russian Federation has been actively developing the field of freight. The largest share falls on road transport (67.7%). A significant proportion of the country's truck fleet is used as a commercial vehicle, which significantly complicates the procedure for timely diagnosis. Thus, in the event of a malfunction or error in the operation of a motor vehicle, the vehicle can be on a flight and there will not be a specialized service station within range of technical diagnostics of the truck to identify the causes of errors and / or malfunctions. The established problem finds its solution in the application of the method of remote diagnosis of commercial vehicles straight from the TO center, which is equipped with the necessary complex for diagnosing.

To feed a pulse modulator with quickly changing pulse duration, it is necessary to have a power supply source that will ensure voltage stability at uneven energy consumption due to rapid changes in pulse duration. A pulse modulator is an electrical device designed to convert the energy of mains-frequency voltage to the energy of high-voltage pulses. The power supply source wiring diagram compliant with energy-saving requirements consists of an adjustable mains rectifier, a primary energy storage adjusted by pulse-width modulation (PWM), a high-frequency (HF) bridge inverter, a stepup transformer, a high-voltage (HV) rectifier, and an intermediate secondary storage running in the saturation mode of a time-adjustable HV HF compensatory voltage stabilizer based on a hard-controlled switch, e.g., an electron beam valve or an assembly of HV transistors that provide cutoff of the charging current of the output storage capacitor of the resonant charging circuit of formative lines upon reaching the rated voltage value. The power supply source will have a servo system of charge voltage control and an efficiency of at least 95%. Computerized modeling allows optimizing the design parameters of electrical elements of the power supply source circuit and types of component parts of the circuit’s electrical elements so as to achieve the minimum prime cost and maximum reliability. The best kind of modeling is in EWB and Multisim.

The use of face masks has assumed a leading spot among nonspecific prevention measures during the coronavirus pandemic. The effectiveness of this protective measure depends on the specifics of individual use. The purpose of our study was to analyze the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of face mask use was based on the results of a survey of medical students at Sechenov University. There were 988 participants in the study: 97.5% used RPE during the pandemic, 89.1% used disposable medical and hygienic face masks, 27.4% used reusable cloth face masks, and 13.2% used respirators. The majority of respondents (75.2%) were found to wear face masks correctly. However, 17.0% of the respondents were found to cover only their mouths with a face mask, while 7.8% reported often shifting their face mask under the chin due to perceived discomfort. Only 25.1% of respondents changed their disposable face mask after 2–3 h of wearing, while 13.0% decontaminated and used it several times. Most cloth face mask users (93.7%) decontaminated their marks, but only 55.7% of respondents did so daily. Face masks were most often worn in medical organizations (91.5%), and 1.4% of respondents did not use respiratory protection anywhere. In conclusion, we consider it necessary to introduce a special module on nonspecific prevention in the discipline of hygiene.

Changing over digital age is becoming the driving force for modern approaches to provide a safe road system. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are new networks that are used in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The interest in this type of networks lies in the promising challenge to enhance safety in vehicular transportation systems trying to reduce driving problems. Routing is one of the most important operations in VANET as it deals with data exchange between nodes through wireless channels, which increases in requirements of security due to wireless systems have far more susceptibility to adversary’s malicious attacks than the classic wired systems. Hence, we propose a stable and secure routing protocol that combines the features of clustering algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm to establish an efficient, secure and stable routing. In our proposed protocol, k-means clustering is used for cluster formation and a cuckoo search algorithm is used for selecting the cluster head. The selection of cluster head depends on five weight parameters, the most important of which are speed of node and trust factor with neighborhood nodes. The weight parameters are used as a fitness function along with the cuckoo search algorithm to ensure a stable and secure route. The simulation is carried out in simulator NS-3 and it demonstrates that the proposed routing protocol significantly improves the packet delivery ratio, average delay, packet loss ratio, overhead and throughput while compared to popular routing protocol AODV under malicious attacks.

In the last decade, great interest has been shown in the introduction of additive technologies, in which wire is used as a feed material. Such technologies are characterized by high productivity, low cost of the filler material and provide the possibility of forming large-sized products. The relevance of closed control systems development for additive manufacturing processes with filler wire feeding is justified. It is shown that despite the availability of publications devoted to the development of methods for controlling of the deposited layer temperature, there are currently no applying process control systems with feedback. The most rational method of developing such systems is mathematical modeling using. The paper represents a descriptive mathematical model of the additive manufacturing process based on the energy equation numerical solution. It is shown that this model can be supplemented by an algorithm for temperature stabilization that implements one of the laws widely used in control theory, which is PI, or PID–law. The results of computational experiments have shown the fundamental possibility of creating closed systems for additive manufacturing processes controlling with filler material feeding in the form of a wire.

Ryazan Oblast, situated in the central part of European Russia, has a long tradition of biodiversity research. Large distributional, ecological and phenological data on various taxonomic groups are available from this territory, mainly in the form of paper publications items, undigitised museum collections and archival sources. The purpose of this dataset is to deliver floristic materials, collected by the authors in the Meshchera Lowlands in the form of GBIF-mediated electronic data, to a wider audience. The dataset covers wild tracheophytes (native species, naturalised aliens and casuals) of the Meshchersky National Park. In 2020, it was used for the production of grid maps in "Flora of the Meschchersky National Park: checklist and atlas". The dataset contains 14,476 grid records of 817 taxa (806 species and hybrids, ten species aggregates and one genus). Most of the records (82.4%) were made in the field by A.V. Shcherbakov, M.V. Kazakova, N.V. Lyubeznova and A.D. Pastushenko in 2017 and 2018. The dataset includes only one occurrence per species per grid square. Georeferences are based on the WGS84 grid scheme with 55 squares measuring ca. 25 km2 (2.5' lat. × 5' long.). Each occurrence is linked to the corresponding grid square centroid; therefore, actual coordinates, habitat details and voucher information are unavailable. As of September 2021, the dataset on the flora of the Meshchersky National Park represents the second largest dataset on the biodiversity of Ryazan Oblast, Russia, published in GBIF.

The purpose of the study is to determine the ways which intensify the investment activity of enterprises in the Russian Far East. They performed the comparative analysis of the rating methods used in the Russian Federation to assess the investment attractiveness of the regions. It was revealed that a common characteristic of the analyzed methods is to consider the infrastructural factor and their institutional environment, and, in particular, the presence and quality of the business support infrastructure. These factors directly affect the investment attractiveness of a single enterprise and project, as they form the investor's attitude. To increase the investment attractiveness of the Russian Far East regions, it is necessary to use the experience of the Asia-Pacific countries. The work formulated recommendations on the application of Chinese experience in relation to Russian territories with preferential economic regimes. To solve the problem of efficiency, increase and intensity the investment activities of enterprises, the concept of management. accounting tool application is proposed.

The electric circuit of a modulator at an output voltage up to 10 kV, allowing one to quickly, during a pause between pulses of about 2 ms, to change the pulse duration at a load of 10–30 μs is considered. For the possibility of increasing the pulse amplitude up to 60 kV using a pulsed transformer. At a pulse duration of more than 5 μs is most appropriate to use artificial forming lines based on discrete elements, capacitors and inductors, collected in the form of Γ-shaped LC chains. The pulse duration at the load is changed by changing the number of units of such chains forming a line, collected on a ladder diagram. “Soft” management switches, such as HiPakTM IGBT module switching thyristors, type 5SNA 0400J650100, voltage 6500 V, and a current 400 A, with the lowest possible internal resistance, are used. Computer simulation in the program allows one to optimize previously obtained results of calculation of the forming line assembled from l-shaped LC combinations for the specified load value of about 500 Ω. We performed model optimization of circuit elements and switches. The modeled parameters of components, from the point of view of obtaining a minimum cost and reliability while maintaining the specified electrical characteristics, are given. The EWB and Multisim software are best used.

The article deals with developing the model of a power supply voltage modulator for the electron-beam gun control electrode within the framework of the project aimed at elaborating scientific and technical fundamentals of controlling the electron beam additive form shaping process. Generally, this technology involves the use of high-power electron beams for sequentially fusing materials in the form of a metal wire. The electron beam electric current is controlled by applying the beam impulse on the fused metal wire. Despite the fact that active efforts are being taken by Russian and foreign companies for developing the technology, clear criteria for choosing the electron beam pulsed modulation parameters have not been determined and depend on the material being processed. The current technical solutions used for energizing the gun’s electron beam and controlling its power are briefly described. The electron beam current pulse modulation system is analyzed with a view to determine the electric voltage modulator optimum parameters and operating modes. A modulator model has been developed and proposed, using which it is possible to evaluate the impulse voltage parameters, to estimate the transients at the front and trailing edges of the modulator output voltage pulses with different duty cycles, and to select the proper components. The electrical circuit of the power supply voltage modulator for the electron-beam gun control electrode was simulated using the NI Multisim 11.0 simulation package.

The design and principle of operation of a high-voltage high-speed switch consisting of two opposite-parallel connected RVU-61 triggered vacuum gaps are described and the results of testing it are provided. The switch is designed to switch capacitor banks with a charging voltage of 0.1–50 kV that operate in the mode of an oscillatory circuit. One specific feature of the switch is the possibility of controlling the duration of the switched pulse, which enables saving energy in the subsequent bank charging.

Car engine is the most complex and important unit of a car. A lot of technical, economic and environmental automobile performance depend on it. Therefore, the development of advanced methods for diagnosing the technical state of engine mechanisms and systems is of great practical importance. The most part and labor intensity of the total number of malfunctions accounts for the cylinder-piston group (GPG). The purpose of this work was to increase the informative value of the process of diagnosing the engines of VAZ front-wheel drive vehicles by using technical endoscopy. To obtain information about the level of technical condition, it is not advisable to disassemble a unit or assembly in a good operation condition, since, first, it is associated with considerable labor costs, and second, and what is important, each disassembly and change of the mutual position of the used parts leads to the reduction of the residual life by 30 - 40%. Using a technical endoscope to obtain information about the technical state of the GPG provides unique opportunities for visual diagnostics. Due to the use of a technical endoscope, it became for the first time possible to proceed while diagnosing internal combustion engine GPG to the evaluation of design parameters of the technical state, such as: the state of the hone net, grooves, scoring, scratches, which could only be performed before by automobile disassembly. In general, technical endoscopy increases the informative value of the process of cylinder-piston group diagnosing. The use of a technical endoscope reveals unique possibilities for an operative assessment of the technical condition of the object being diagnosed in order to shorten the time of detection and subsequent elimination of malfunctions.

The review considered the issues of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its role in inflammation, fibrosis, tumor growth. There were analyzed mechanisms and classification of EMT. A comparison of different forms of EMTs was performed. The important role of EMT in the formation of metastasis-initiating cells was noted. There were presented data on the role of fibroblasts in fibrosis of the lung, carcinogenesis. Stimulators and inhibitors of EMTs were summarized. There were considered intracellular paths that were associated with the development of the EMT under the influence of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF - ß1). It also induced the development of local hypothyroidism, for easy expression of oncofetal genes, which was especially important in tumor growth. Therapy EMT was associated with blocking the actions of TGF - ß1 and was an important area in anticancer therapy.

The urgency of solving the problem of determining the deposited layer’s height for controlling the process of additive forming products from metallic materials in a vacuum is substantiated. A scheme of electron-beam additive manufacturing process with wire feed is shown. A method for controlling the distance between deposited bead and electron gun by the signal taken from a collector of backscattered electrons is proposed. The analysis of the signals recorded during the process of deposited metal bead scanning has been carried out, and technical feasibility of this method has been substantiated. The technical solutions to introduce a method for continuous monitoring and control of additive forming process are proposed. A series of computational experiments at using the Monte Carlo method were carried out. They confirmed the relevance of the proposed method for controlling the distance between the electron gun and deposited bead. The calculation of beam energy fraction absorbed by the collector made it possible to substantiate the need for using a signal preamplifier. Based on the analysis of the results of experimental studies conducted on the ELA-15I power complex, the relevance of the proposed method for measuring the working segment and the possibility of using it as part of a process control system was confirmed.

Comparative analysis of plasmid DNA delivery into cells efficiency (with effective agent concentration 250 μg/kg), ensuring accumulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) after intramuscular injection and intramuscular administration using electroporation method on rats was performed. Application of electroporation method ensured over 4 times increase of DNA plasmid concentration in muscle tissue within the first hour after its injection and increased the duration of its determination. Higher bioavailability parameters were confirmed by 3 times increase in gene expression level, encoding NGF accumulation and 3 times increase in concentration of the target NGF protein in blood plasma. The results obtained allow us to recommend this method for introduction of NGF plDNA in its biological activity and effectiveness in models of nerve damage investigation.

A physical model of an induction electric heater for cryogenic control devices has been proposed. The chosen method of research has been justified. The scheme of the model, the structure of the measuring equipment, and a research technique that determines the energy characteristics of the induction heater have been considered, and recommendations on its design have been made. It is shown that it is advisable to use a three-leg laminated core with the winding located in the middle core as a basic element. Such a structure of the induction heater allows one to carry out research varying the material and shapes of the heated object. A microprocessor measuring complex that allows one to control and record up to six electric signals with an error no higher than 2% has been proposed.

For stationary high-voltage pulsed devices, which do not necessarily have to comply with stringent requirements for their weight and dimensions, a modulator with partial discharge of the capacitive storage can be competitive to a modulator with complete discharge of the capacitor. The switch shall be rigidly controlled and have a low forward voltage drop on the open device; the thermionic cathode operating in the space charge mode shall ensure the specified pulse duration and repetition rate. With the new high-voltage modulator tubes, electron-beam valves featuring small power losses at the anode, and high-perveance electro-optical systems, for example, an EBV 50/100 system, used as a “rigid” switch, it becomes possible to design series or parallel modulator circuits with a capacity of more than 1 MW, which are quite competitive to the schemes synthesized based on a large number of series-connected relatively low-voltage semiconductor switches. If properly calculated using well-known techniques, such a modulator can generate pulses the parameters of which are almost independent on the load resistance varying in a wide range, and the power circuit themselves are insensitive to the effect of any external electromagnetic or X-ray radiation. Two basic modulator circuit arrangements are considered: a parallel one, which generates a negative polarity pulse, and a series one, generating pulses of both positive and negative polarity. The modulator’s load resistance shall be no less than 10 times the anode-cathode resistance of the open switch. For the possibility of determining, in a prompt and vivid manner, the limit values of the switch operating mode and the load resistance, and for optimizing the modulator’s nominal electrical parameters, the electric circuit is simulated on a computer using the EWB program.

This article concerns the problem of parent-child relationship and its consequences for the emotional and personal well-being of a preschooler. The modern family is undergoing a crisis, characterized by decreased adult responsibility for the full personal development of a child. However, it is the psychological climate and especially the specific features of family relationships that play a decisive role in this process. Preschool childhood is an important period in the formation of a child's personality, determining its future development prospects. The primary goal of our research was to reveal interrelationship between parental functional roles as well as types of parentings and the self-esteem and anxiety of an older preschooler. According to the results we can say that as elements of the parent-child relationship structure parental relationships and functional parental roles have a significant impact on the emotional and personal well-being of a preschooler.

An express method of direct measurements of the current density distribution of axially symmetric electron beams is proposed. It is shown that use of the technique is urgently needed to improve the reproducibility of the results of electron-beam processing. Comparative analysis of existing methods to measure the parameters of electron beams used for technological purposes is carried out. A technique to restore a radial distribution of electron beam current density as well as a device to implement the technique is developed. The results of radial distribution recovery are analyzed in the case in which the initial distribution is given in the form of a model function of normal distribution. An algorithm to determine estimated sizes of the area within which spatial distribution discretization is carried out is developed. Based on analysis of the experimental dependences, it is shown that the suggested numerical method can be applied to all types of axial-symmetric distributions. The nature of errors occurring after distribution function recovery is analyzed. A technological projection of express diagnostic systems for the processing electron beams is made taking into account parameters of the existing element base.

A basic technique for manufacturing and processing polycrystalline diamond as a promising material for heatsinks of high-power microwave semiconductor devices is proposed. The fabrication of polycrystalline diamond wafers by chemical vapor deposition is investigated. The choice of a method for fragmenting polycrystalline diamond wafers is considered and a new technique for low-pressure laser/plasma chemical cutting of wafers in a gaseous medium is proposed which consists of growing polycrystalline diamond on preshaped silicon substrates and subsequent silicon etching.

The structure, contents, and operations of electrical equipment, which are parts of a test bench for investigating the characteristics of technological electron guns, are reviewed. A list is given of critical problems that were solved with the equipment under which the basic requirements for system control and data acquisition were designed. Based on the classification of the control and recorded signals, the characteristics of input–output modules of digital and analog signals are defined. Taking into account the features of the equipment, standardized circuit solutions were developed that provide acceptable accuracy for control and signaling, as well as trouble-free operation of a computerized data acquisition system. The use of modem solutions providing galvanic insulation by optical transmission channel technology for both digital and analog signals is discussed. A method of selection of specialized microchips on the parameters of control and measurement signals is shown. Recommendations on the use of measuring complex for research and design of control systems of electron-beam welding installations are provided.

We consider an X-ray optical system which permits obtaining laser plume images at a wavelength of 13.5 nm with a resolution of up to 70 nm. The X-ray optical system comprises an X-ray Schwarzschild objective made up of two aspherical multilayer mirrors, a scintillator (YAG : Ce ceramics), which converts X-rays to the visible radiation, and a visible-optical system, which images the scintillator surface onto a CCD camera. The spatial resolution of the system is limited by the resolution of the optical system (0.7 μm) and the magnification (10×) of the X-ray objective and is as high as 70 nm. The effect of Schwarzschild objective mirror shapes on the spatial resolution is analysed. The profile of concave mirror aspherisation is considered, which provides the attainment of the diffraction-limited quality of the objective. Data are given for the quantum efficiency of the system at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. We describe the experimental test bench intended for studying the developed X-ray optical system and outline the first experimental data which illustrate its efficiency. Owing to the natural division into the 'X-ray' and 'visible' parts, the optical system under discussion permits an easy change of the magnification and the field of view without realigning the X-ray optical elements. The wavelength may be varied in a range between 3 and 40 nm by changing the multilayer mirrors.

The possibilities and prospects of using fuzzy logic in control systems for electro-technological equipment are analyzed based on a comparative study of standard temperature controllers of resistance furnaces and fuzzy logic controllers. It is shown that it is effective to use fuzzy logic control systems for different kinds of technological equipment. The development of fuzzy logic control systems and characteristics of their application are analyzed. The basic structures of systems constructed using fuzzy logic control are considered, is the way in which they are classified. The simulation models of temperature controllers for resistance furnaces are studied using the Matlab/Simulink software including the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox application. It is shown that a use of fuzzy controllers for simple deterministic control systems like temperature controllers of resistance furnaces does not lead to any substantial improvement in accuracy and control quality, but needs a sophisticated algorithm for control and response speed of the control system. It is assumed that a use of fuzzy logic controllers to control more sophisticated equipment characterized by the multifactor processes with a high degree of uncertainty and difficulties in determination of output parameters will allow one to obtain better results than do conventional systems.

An experimental technique for the acquisition of current-density distributions of continuously operating electron beams with an electron energy of 60 keV is proposed. The measurement results for different cross-sectional areas of the beam with a power of 2.1 kW and a current density around 1 × 105 A/m2 are given.

The urgency of improving control systems for electron beam metal wire deposition method is proved in terms of creating methods for controlling the geometric parameters of deposited layer. It is shown that to solve this problem in electron beam metal wire deposition method, it is advisable to use reflected electron signal detection when scanning the deposited layer. Using a mathematical model based on the application of continuous loss approximation and Monte-Carlo method, the probe characteristics recorded during cylindrical layer scanning are investigated. Experimental verification of the results obtained was carried out using an electron-beam technological installation. The effect of the distance between the layer and electron collector on the recorded signals is investigated. The possibility of using this method for simultaneous control of deposited layer height and width is shown.

Optical array probes (OAPs) are classical instrumental means to derive shape, size, and number concentration of cloud and precipitation particles from 2-D images. However, recorded 2-D images are subject to distortion based on the diffraction of light when particles are imaged out of the object plane of the optical device. This phenomenon highly affects retrievals of microphysical properties of cloud particles. Previous studies of this effect mainly focused on spherical droplets. In this study we propose a theoretical method to compute diffraction patterns of all kinds of cloud particle shapes in order to simulate the response recorded by an OAP. To check the validity of this method, a series of experimental measurements have been performed with a 2D-S probe mounted on a test bench. Measurements are performed using spinning glass discs with imprinted non-circular opaque particle shapes.

The paper presents the results of studies of optical MDS coefficients with nanometer conductive films in a waveguide in the microwave range. Photos of the surfaces of substrates and metal-dielectric structures are presented, and questions of the strong absorption of the energy of electromagnetic fields in nanometer films of metal-dielectric structures are discussed.