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Various antibody-redirected immunotherapeutic approaches, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells, have been devised to produce specific activity against various cancer types. Using genetically encoded unnatural amino acids, we generated a homogeneous Her2-targeted ADC, a T cell-redirected bsAb, and a FITC-modified antibody capable of redirecting anti-FITC CAR-T (switchable CAR-T; sCAR-T) cells to target different Her2-expressing breast cancers. sCAR-T cells showed activity against Her2-expressing tumor cells comparable to that of conventional anti-Her2 CAR-T cells and superior to that of ADC- and bsAb-based approaches. To prevent antigen escape, we designed bispecific sCAR-T cells targeting both the Her2 receptor and IGF1R, which showed an overall improved activity against cancer cells with low Her2 expression. This study increases our understanding of various explored cancer therapeutics and underscores the efficient application of sCAR-T cells as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer patients with low or heterogeneous antigen expression.

Intrusion detection is only the initial part of the security system for an industrial control system. Because of the criticality of the industrial control system, professionals still make the most important security decisions. Therefore, a simple intrusion alarm has a very limited role in the security system, and intrusion detection models based on deep learning struggle to provide more information because of the lack of explanation. This limits the application of deep learning methods to industrial control network intrusion detection. We analyzed the deep neural network (DNN) model and the interpretable classification model from the perspective of information, and clarified the correlation between the calculation process of the DNN model and the classification process. By comparing the normal samples with the abnormal samples, the abnormalities that occur during the calculation of the DNN model compared to the normal samples could be found. Based on this, a layer-wise relevance propagation method was designed to map the abnormalities in the calculation process to the abnormalities of attributes. At the same time, considering that the data set may already contain some useful information, we designed filtering rules for a kind of data set that can be obtained at a low cost, so that the calculation result is presented in a more accurate manner, which should help professionals lock and address intrusion threats more quickly.

As a renewable resource, small hydropower has the advantages of reversibility, flexibility, and easy to realize automation. However, because the hydropower access branch line is too long, the incidence of accidents has increased, and power supply is likely to be interrupted. The island operation of hydropower and local loads can continuously supply power to local loads and improve the power supply reliability of the local distribution network. This paper first analyzes and compares different kinds of loads, and then models and analyzes hydroelectric island systems with different load types based on the PSCAD simulation platform. Through comparison of simulation results, the effects of various types of loads on the operation of small hydropower islands are analyzed.

Due to the diversity and complexity of distribution networks, the classical modular software development method may face the difficulty in modular division, data sharing and collaboration of different specialties. Inspired by the idea of separating the control plane from the data forwarding plane in software-defined networking (SDN), a method of power data virtual plane is proposed in this paper to improve software development efficiency. Layered processing of power data virtual plane is designed to meet the diversity characteristics of intelligent distribution network and the multi-source and heterogeneous characteristics of information. This paper introduces the design idea and implementation process of virtual plane in detail. The main component of the power data virtual plane, power data warehouse and application scheduling are presented. Finally, the performance of the proposed virtual plane method is verified by practical distribution network examples with different communication networks and information.

As the largest global renewable source, hydropower is a useful supplement to mountainous distribution networks with abundant water resources, and shoulders a large portion of the regulation duty in many power systems. In particular, in the form of decentralized energy sources located to their customers, small hydropower (SHP) improve grid stability by diversifying the electricity system and reducing power loss. The mountainous distribution networks supplied by small hydropower are closed-loop design but open-loop operation, which easily causes the tripping of tie line even further the off-grid operation of small hydropower system. Once the tie line trips, the current countermeasures&mdash, such as hydropower shutdown and load shedding&mdash, do not fully guarantee the reliability of power supply and the utilization efficiency of hydropower. This paper studies the amplitude-frequency characteristics of SHP off-grid, according to the typical integration of hydropower in South China, a SHP on-grid/off-grid model is established based on the Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) platform. It is found that due to the inertia of SHP, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of SHP island system are relatively slow, and the process of non-synchronization with the main grid is gradually expanded. The characteristic of SHP has a certain degree of synchronization with the main grid in the initial island operates stage, which helps to find a novel grid connection method. This paper further proposes the strategy of using fast busbar automatic transfer switch (BATS), which quickly connect the trip-off SHP to the distribution network under the condition of permitting distributed energy grid-connected. The PSCAD simulation results show that proposed strategy has a limited impact on the power grid and prove the effectiveness of the method.

For power grids with abundant small hydropower in China, the efficient switching process between small hydropower and distribution network will help to reduce the user outage time and the cutting of hydropower and load. This paper mainly adopts the simulation method combined with the regulation characteristics of small hydropower in rural areas. And the paper focuses on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the initial stage of small hydropower. Firstly, the operation characteristics of small hydropower plants are studied, and the simulation model is built. Next, we study the amplitude frequency characteristics of small hydropower stations with better control capability such as leading phase operation. Further, in view of the large number of small hydropower stations with no phase operation capability in the rural power grid, we studied the simulation in the initial stage of the isolated network. By comparing and analyzing the operation characteristics of small hydropower stations at different initial stages under different conditions, it can provide support for small hydropower stations to reconnect into distribution network as soon as possible. This will help to reduce the tedious and long process of grid connection in the rural power grid.

The conventional ant colony algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal in some complex environments, and the blindness in the initial stage of search leads to long searching time and slow convergence. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an improved ant colony algorithm and applies it to the path planning of cleaning robot. The algorithm model of the environmental map is established according to the grid method. And it built the obstacle matrix for the expansion and treatment of obstacles, so that the robot can avoid collision with obstacles as much as possible in the process of movement. The directional factor is introduced in the new heuristic function, and we can reduce the value of the inflection point of paths, enhance the algorithm precision, and avoid falling into the local optimal. The volatile factor of pheromones with an adaptive adjustment and the improved updating rule of pheromones can not only solve the problem that the algorithm falls into local optimum, but also accelerate the running efficiency of the algorithm in the later stage. Simulation results show that the algorithm has the better global searching ability, the convergence speed is obviously accelerated, and an optimal path can be planned in the complex environment.

The large-scale integration of wind power is expected to lead to increase of transmission congestion probability due to the uncertain nature of wind power. This paper presents a novel bi-level congestion management model considering real-time operational risk under uncertainty. The upper level model represents the congestion re-dispatching problem, and the lower level model represents real-time operation problem whose objective is to minimize the operational risks. Wind power production uncertainty is modeled through a suitable set of scenarios, and the risks considered in this paper contain the loss of load and wind curtailment. The bi-level model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming(MILP) problem using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) optimality conditions and Fortuny-Amat and McCarl linearization approach. Numerical results indicate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

In advanced CMOS technology node with Cu/low-K interconnection, double patterning scheme with Trench First Metal Hard-Mask (TFMHM) approach All-In-One (AIO) etch is used to define smaller scale via and trench. The loading effect between different patterns, such as via chain and via slot, will cause different final over-etch (OE) amount under etch stop layer. Chip performance will be affected if it suffers severe loading between various patterns. In this paper, we will study the effect of different film stack, etching gas, plasma condition and etch stop layer (ESL) in loading control between different patterns which will both contribute to final loading. Different methods' loading results and the basic theory for explaining the loading phenomenon will be compared and discussed in following part.

The present study is a retrospective analysis of 11 cases with severe acute liver failure combined with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) performed during the period June, 2012 to December, 2014. After part of plasmapheresis with plasma filtration adsorption combined with continuous hemodiafiltration treatment, good curative effects were obtained and the main clinical symptoms and biochemical index were significantly improved. Following treatment, 8 of the 11 patients survived at a survival rate of 72.7%, and 3 patients succumbed with a mortality of 27.3%. The results suggested that part of plasmapheresis with plasma filtration adsorption combined with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) treatment is beneficial in the removal of metabolites and toxins. Additonally, it can effectively improve liver function and clinical symptoms, improve hepatic encephalopathy, correct the disorder of internal environment, and improve the prognosis of patients.

Secret key generation and distribution is crucial to the information security of smart girds. The paper firstly analyzes the merit and vulnerable essence of the key distribution scheme proposed by Xia and Wang. Deliberate analysis reveals the essential weakness of Xia and Wang's scheme is the failure of integrating the initiator's identity with an explicit authenticated code, resulting in possible tampering by man-in-the-middle attacks. Then several improved methods are proposed according to different security requirements. These methods keep the high-efficiency of Xia and Wang's method while avoiding its impersonation attack weakness.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of dexamethasone, anisodamine and rhubarb (DAR) on endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pancreatic damage in rat models of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods The AP rat models were prepared and randomly assigned to AP group ( n =10) and DAR group ( n =10), while other healthy rats were assigned to the sham-operated group ( n =10). The rats were euthanized at 6 h after operation, and then the serum levels of endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-6 and histology of pancreas were determined as the indexes of therapeutic effects. Results At 6 h after operation, serum levels of endotoxin, TNF-α and IL-6, and pancreatic damage were significantly increased in AP group compared with those in sham-operated group ( P P Conclusion The inhibition of pancreatic damage by DAR in rats with AP might contribute, in part at least, to the amelioration of pancreatic inflammation. The present study provides beneficial evidence that DAR may be useful in the treatment of AP model of rats.

The aims of this study were to observe the safety and effectiveness of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC) in the treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type (MSA-C).From October 2009 to September 2010, 14 cases of SCA and 10 cases of MSA-C were given UC-MSC by weekly intrathecal injection, at a dose of 1 × 10(6)/kg four times as one course. All the patients received one course of treatment, except three patients who received two courses. The movement ability and quality of daily life were evaluated with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and the scores compared with those before cell therapy. A follow-up of 6-15 months was carried out for all of the patients.The results showed that the ICARS and ADL scores were significantly decreased 1 month after treatment (P0.01). The symptoms, including unstable walking and standing, slow movement, fine motor disorders of the upper limbs, writing difficulties and dysarthria, were greatly improved except for one patient, who had no response. The observed side-effects included dizziness (four patients), back pain (two cases) and headache (one case), which disappeared within 1-3 days. During the follow-up, 10 cases remained stable for half a year or longer, while 14 cases had regressed to the status prior to the treatment within 1-14 months (an average of 3 months).Intrathecal injection of UC-MSC is safe and can delay the progression of neurologic deficits for SCA and MSA-C patients.

Severe factor VII deficiency caused by a novel point mutation (Arg353Pro) combined with a rare Cys22Arg mutation

Small mobile robots often have very limited computational resources, but should still be able to navigate robustly in spacious unknown environments. While local navigation already requires high-resolution maps for obstacle avoidance and path planning, the global navigation task should aim to consume as little resources as possible but still enable the robot to robustly find the way to important places. Inspired by models of insect navigation, Augustine et al. [1] recently introduced the LT-Map, a scalable data structure for homing based on bearing-only landmark measurements. The robot memorizes landmark configurations during its first traversal of a path and uses them to navigate the same route again. The LT-Map uses a tree structure to store the landmark views in the order of their translation invariance. This paper introduces an improvement of the LT-Map, the Translation Invariance Level Map (Trail-Map). This novel data structure also stores the landmark views in a hierarchical order of translation invariance, but is based on lists of landmark views. Thus, it avoids redundancies that could arise in the LT-Map and leads to a more consistent hierarchy. The Trail-Map achieves significant memory savings and can be created and pruned very efficiently what makes it attractive to mobile robots with limited computational power. Simulation results show that the Trail-Map data structure can save more than 80% of memory compared to the LT-Map while achieving the same path accuracy.