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Thermal energy storage system is one type of the system used to store the energy in different industrial applications. Thermal performance of the system is important to analyze when it has been operated with nanofluids. There is lot of energy is wasted from many process which can be utilized for the another process such as to preheat the water. In the present paper, the effect of water based nanofluids is studied to store the energy and results have been compared with base fluid. It was observed the nanofluid have more capacity to store the energy as compared to the base fluid because of it superior thermal transport properties. The pressure drop is also slightly higher than of base fluid. The thermal storage capacity of the system is significantly increased when it has been used with nanofluids as compared to base fluid under the same operating condition.

High-pressure injection injuries with paint have long been heralded as a condition requiring timely and aggressive debridement with relatively poor functional outcomes and a significant proportion of patients progressing to require amputation of the involved digit or limb. Catheter irrigation is regularly used in the treatment of common hand infections and wounds. However, this has not been described for the treatment of paint injection injuries. We describe a case of a young painter who sustained an accidental water-based paint injection injury and was successfully treated with minimally invasive surgical debridement augmented by the use of catheter irrigation, despite a delayed presentation. The patient had regained full function of his hand by four months from the index presentation and returned to work. We illustrate how not all high-pressure injection injuries require an extensive incision and that catheter irrigation can be a significant tool to augment a minimally invasive approach.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to monitor the pH stability over a period of 6 months of two-bottle self-etching (SE) primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercially available two-bottle SE primer solutions, Adhese SE (Ivoclar Vivadent; Schaan, Liechtenstein), Clearfil SE (Kuraray; Tokyo, Japan), Contax Primer (DMG; Hamburg, Germany), and Enabond SE (Micerium; Avegno (Ge), Italy), containing water as the main solvent were selected. The pH values during a 6-month storage period at intermittent temperature were daily measured by means of a microprocessor-based pH/temperature meter and hence recorded, tabulated, and analyzed. RESULTS The mean values of overall pH measurements and standard deviation for Adhese SE, Clearfil SE, Contax Primer, and Enabond SE are, respectively, 1.70 (±0.01), 1.72 (±0.01), 1.20 (±0.01), 1.80 (±0.01). One-way ANOVA did not detect any significant change of the mean pH values of all measurements over time. CONCLUSION The conventional 6-months storage did not affect the pH values of the water-containing primers of two-bottle SE adhesives. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence that conventional storage under adequate conditions did not affect the pH values of the water-containing primers of two-bottle SE adhesives with different monomer formulations. Clinicians may rely on the known pH value of the selected SE adhesive during shelf-life.

Purpose In flexible electronics applications, organic inks are mostly used for inkjet printing. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing technology has the advantages of low cost, high speed and good precision in modern electronic printing. The purpose of this study is to solve the high cost of traditional printing and the pollution emissions of organic ink. It is necessary to develop a water-based conductive ink that is easily degradable and can be 3 D printed. A nano-silver ink printed circuit pattern with high precision, high conductivity and good mechanical properties is a promising strategy. Design/methodology/approach The researched nano-silver conductive ink is mainly composed of silver nanoparticles and resin. The effect of adding methyl cellulose on the ink was also explored. A simple 3 D circuit pattern was printed on photographic paper. The line width, line length, line thickness and conductivity of the printed circuit were tested. The influence of sintering temperature and sintering time on pattern resistivity was studied. The relationship between circuit pattern bending performance and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Findings The experimental results show that the ink has the characteristics of low silver content and good environmental protection effect. The printing feasibility of 3 D printing circuit patterns on paper substrates was confirmed. The best printing temperature is 160°C–180°C, and the best sintering time is 30 min. The circuit pattern can be folded 120°, and the cycle is folded more than 60 times. The minimum resistivity of the circuit pattern is 6.07 µΩ·cm. Methyl cellulose can control the viscosity of the ink. The mechanical properties of the pattern have been improved. The printing method of 3 D printing can significantly reduce the sintering time and temperature of the conductive ink. These findings may provide innovation for the flexible electronics industry and pave the way for alternatives to cost-effective solutions. Originality/value In this study, direct ink writing technology was used to print circuit patterns on paper substrates. This process is simple and convenient and can control the thickness of the ink layer. The ink material is nonpolluting to the environment. Nano-silver ink has suitable viscosity and pH value. It can meet the requirements of pneumatic 3 D printers. The method has the characteristics of simple process, fast forming, low cost and high environmental friendliness.

Background Individuals who participate in outdoor sports are subject to an increased risk of developing skin cancer. To date, there has been no review examining skin cancer and sun protective behaviours specific to outdoor, water based sports. Therefore, this scoping reviews objectives were to (1) summarise volume and type of scientific literature available relating to skin cancer, (2) examine current sun protective behaviours and (3) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research. Method A scoping review was conducted to address the objectives following the PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched; identified studies were screened based on title, abstract and full-text for outdoor water based sports which examined skin cancer and/or sun protective behaviours. Data was extracted, synthesised and critically appraised using a modified AXIS tool. Percentage frequencies were calculated, and key results were placed in tabular or graphical presentation. Results Nine cross sectional studies were identified, all defined as low level evidence. A combined sample of 4,377 participants across six countries and five water based sports showed BCC (71%) was the most common skin cancer, followed by melanoma (18%) and SCC (10%). The head (41%) and upper-limbs (27%) were the most common location. Conclusion This review highlights the minimal research available and demonstrates those in water based sports are at high risk of developing skin cancer. Due to difficulty adhering to sun protective behaviours, the most prevalent location is the upper body. Included studies were of low level evidence, providing opportunity for future research to expand upon the gaps in the current literature.

Background: Most available therapeutics to address alopecia are based on singular targets and mechanism of action based on the assumption of sub-classification to reflect morphological or etiological sub-classes such as hereditary vs acquired factors, anti-inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory factors or scarring vs. nonscarring factors. Aims and Objective: Impact of oral consumption of Diabliss Hair Water, a multi-component herbal water supplement (HWS) on hair fall reduction, hair growth, hair density, hair thickness was investigated in a single arm, exploratory, pilot open label clinical study among healthy male and female subjects of age group between 35-50 years, with hair fall and hair thinning concerns. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted under dermatological control and included hair fall by comb test, hair pull test, hair thinning measurement using photo numerical scale (modified Norwood and Ludwig scale) and assessment for hair quality along with the phototrichogram assessment using Trichoscan® with Cutiscope. Results: The Diabliss HWS was efficacious in improving hair growth rate and density as per TrichoScan® assessment, improvement in hair thickness as per Caslite-Nova software. The Diabliss HWS was also efficacious in improving the hair tensile strength (break force by Chatillon Force gauge), reducing hair fall and improving the hair quality. By the end of the study the Diabliss HWS was found to show an improvement in the entire study population in all of the assessments parameters. Dermatologist assessment parameters of hair texture and hair shine also showed improvements in the entire study population. Conclusion: The Diabliss HWS was found to be efficacious in providing hair fall control and hair growth benefits as per the dermatological and instrumental evaluations using TrichoScan®. The product was well tolerated with no product related AE or SAE with regular consumption for 06 months. Keywords: Herbal Supplement, Hair C

An all-dielectric metamaterial absorber based on water resonator encapsulated in resin container is proposed. The absorber can afford the maximum absorption up to 98% at 190 GHz, as well as the wid...

Colon Cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. A large part of the reason the number of fatalities is so high is late detection as when detected in the early stages of development 9 out of 10 cases of colon cancer are non-fatal 5 years after detection. Currently the main method of colon cancer detection are colonoscopies which are highly invasive and time intensive procedures. In this work we propose a new diagnostic technique for colon cancer using an InSb based device that works by a change in the spectral response of the metamaterial when exposed to electromagnetic waves in the terahertz regime and combined with cancerous colon tissue as compared to the response when combined with healthy colon tissue. We attribute this change in spectral response is due to the differing optical properties of the healthy and cancerous colon tissue as well as the creation of surface plasmon polaritons within our device.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:43:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: Resistance training has proven to be an excellent method for counteracting aging physical dysfunctions. However, its application in the liquid environment is not yet fully elucidated. Aim: To investigate the effects of water-based resistance training (WBRT) with the concentric phase performed as fast as possible, compared to conventional resistance training (CRT), on physical functional capacity, muscle strength, and body composition in older women. Methods: Thirteen healthy older women participated in the WBRT and 11 in the CRT. Estimation statistics focused on the effect size of the experiment/intervention were used. We also analyzed the intervention effect based on the percentage delta between WBRT and CRT. Results: The WBRT group showed a negative large effect (d = − 0.922; p = 0.0274) for the timed up and go, and a large effect for chair rise in 30″ and the elbow flex test (d = 1.58; p = 0.0012; d = 2.8; p = 0.01) respectively. Intervention comparisons based on the delta percentage between WBRT and CRT presented an intermediate effect (d = 0.606; p = 0.157) for the stair climb, a large effect (d = 0.988; p = 0.0282) for the timed up and go, and a large negative effect [d = − 1.32 (90.0% CI − 1.92, − 0.646); p = 0.0038] for the elbow flex test. Concentric extensor-flexor peak torque (60°/s) showed an intermediate effect (d = 0.749; p = 0.0876; d = 0.65; p = 0.122 respectively). Body fat (%) demonstrated an intermediate effect (d = 0.523; p = 0.234). Conclusion: WBRT with the concentric phase performed as fast as possible was able to improve physical functional capacity and maximal knee extension strength of older women. Laboratório de Estudo do Desempenho Humano Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otávio. 5614, Coroado Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências do Movimento Humano Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia Universidade Federal do Amazonas Projeto de Extensão Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade Universidade Federal do Amazonas Centro de Estudo e Laboratório de Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividade Motora Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Estudo e Laboratório de Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividade Motora Universidade Estadual Paulista

It is repeatedly proved that the application of the radiant heating system is cost-effective. The most energy-efficient solution is the use of gas infrared emitters. In this case, there is no intermediate heating medium, and the heat of combustion of the gas enters the premises. However, this solution has a number of restrictions on the availability of natural gas, comfort, and fire hazard. Also, a highly efficient solution is the use of water infrared emitters, which can be radiant panels or radiant profiles that use an intermediate heating medium but do not have many of the limitations inherent in gas systems. A common problem for all types of radiant heating is the lack of a scientifically grounded and generally accepted engineering methodology for its design. Most of the regulatory documents simply do not take into account the peculiarities of the operation of radiant heating systems and, thus, do not allow a number of its advantages to be realized. This research was carried out based on NNGASU Radiant Heating Laboratory, unique in Russia, and is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of the temperature regime in the premises heated by water infrared emitters, as well as the thermal regime of external enclosing structures in these premises.

Drilling operation is considered an extremely high-cost business within the petroleum industry. The cost of drilling fluid represents 15–30% of drilling operations. Measurements of all drilling mud properties were conducted in aged and fresh conditions. Furthermore, high pressure and temperature (HTHP) API filtration experiments were executed, as well. The findings were used as a reference comparative point for three concentrations of peanut shell powder (PSP) to comprehend the influence of various concentrations of PSP on the characteristics of spud mud. The findings of this experimental research revealed that the cheap and biodegradable PSP can be exploited as a new multi-role additive to develop filtration and viscosity under surface and sub-surface conditions. Moreover, the study findings demonstrated the suitability of PSP to replace or at minimum substitute traditional and non-degradable chemicals used in the petroleum industry (e.g., lignosulfonate, chrome-lignosulfonate, resinex, etc.). In addition to the benefit of using PSP as a multifunctional additive, it is cheap, easy to prepare, locally available and attainable in large quantities, and friendly to the environment. In summary, PSP has a possibility to be applied in the oilfield as it withstood 79 °C (175 °F) temperature and 30 h of aged time. The application of PSP in the drilling process can mitigate the detrimental impacts of the non-biodegradable conventional chemical materials on personal health safety and the environment in addition to decreasing the overall cost.

Due to its low toxicity and because they are environmentally friendly, water-based paints are the most employed in the world, mainly to coat buildings. In these systems, the water evaporation process is important to determine the final paint quality and should be carefully evaluated. This work evaluated the suitability of Crank’s model, solution of the Fick’s second law, to experimental drying data of water-based architectural paints to better understand this process. Therefore, the data were adjusted to the linearized and original model and the number of terms used in its approximation was varied. For each model, the diffusion coefficient of the water in the coating material and the coefficient of determination were calculated. The results showed that the use of the linearized model is not adequate to determine the diffusion coefficient, but the nonlinear adjustment of the original model can adjust the data for some paints. These results also suggest the addition of terms to the sum of the model to improve its quality in the initial stages of drying. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i1.1508

There is growing research into the links between blue space encounters, human health and wellbeing, and increasing interest in prescribing nature-based activities to promote physical activity, enha...

Excessive torque on tool surfaces resulting in friction and wear in the process of well drilling remains a big challenge for the oil and gas exploration industry. In this study, two kinds of glycer...

This paper presents a review of windows filled of water-based liquids which absorbs solar radiation and will be referred to herein as water-based windows (WBWs). These liquids have spectrally-selective and high thermal capacity properties for optical and thermal performance improvement. A WBW relates to windows that features transparent, semi-transparent, colorless or colored visual performance. Its profile consists of liquid layers inside clear or solar control multilayer glazing or tubular structures. A detailed analysis of WBW design differences and performance is carried out and studies were classified according to common characteristics regarding two main categories: WBW without and with fluid exchange. Optical and thermal methodologies are evaluated, highlighting the limitations and accomplishments for future researches. A water-filled WBW can transmit more light compared to the same glazing when empty. It can also perform substantially better than many commercially available glazing products, in terms of either promoting solar heat gain or reducing cooling demand. There was a predominance of cases with better heating performance for WBWs without fluid exchange. On the other hand, most cases of WBWs with fluid exchange where better for cooling performance if the circulating fluid was not preheated. Also, water heated in WBWs can be applied in the building facilities.

Background/Aim: To develop and validate an easy-to-use and cheap method capable of producing placebo from tap water for medicinal water efficacy trials. Patients and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups, medicinal water and tap water group. A single 20-minute-long treatment was performed in bathtubs. Patients were asked four times during the bath to tell if they were treated with medicinal water, tap water, or could not decide. Patients were scored, one point was given for each correct answer. Results: A total of 174 patients were enrolled. No significant differences were found either between the average scores or the answers of the two groups. Being familiar with the Harkány medicinal water did not influence the rate of correct answers either. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of changes of opinions between the two groups. Conclusion: The used method is appropriate for producing a validated placebo from tap water.

This article is devoted to obtaining a water-coal suspension with new technological properties. The article describes the technology of obtaining a water-emulsion suspension with the help of the Uzgen coal basin of the Karadobo deposit in the Osh region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Briefly, it is conventionally classified as a specific liquid-phase composite material with broad functional and technological capabilities.

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of three water-based training on blood pressure (BP) in older women. A total of 57 participants were randomized into the following groups: (a) aerobic training (AT), (b) concurrent training in which resistance training progresses to the use of resistive equipment (CTRE), and (c) concurrent training in which resistance training progresses to multiple sets (CTMS). The participants trained twice a week for 16 weeks. Systolic BP decreased from pretraining to after 8 weeks of training and, subsequently, to after 16 weeks of training (AT: −6.53 mmHg, CTRE: −10.45 mmHg, and CTMS: −10.73 mmHg). Diastolic BP decreased from pretraining to after 8 and 16 weeks of training (AT: −6.23 mmHg, CTRE: −4.61 mmHg, and CTMS: −6.19 mmHg). Furthermore, 16% of the AT participants, 23% of the CTRE participants, and 28.5% of the CTMS participants were no longer classified as hypertensive. Water-based aerobic and concurrent training are efficient nonpharmacological measures to reduce BP in older women.

To verify the effects of aquatic exercises performed with high-speed movement on physical function, muscle function, and quality of life of older women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This was a si...

In an effort to reduce negative feedback resulting from temperature fluctuations, house floors are commonly laid with laminate flooring. The aim of this study was to study the thermal insulation properties and adhesion strength of the water-based insulation paint mixed with hollow glass spheres and applied onto the laminate flooring. The objective was to determine whether a prepared insulation paint mixture can be used instead of backing paper. For this purpose, two different laminate flooring samples were used. In the first case, the upper surface of the sample was coated with decorative paper and the lining surface was coated with backing paper. The upper surface of the second sample was coated with decorative paper and the lining surface was not coated with backing paper. Then, insulation paint mixture was applied 2, 4, or 6 times to the lining surfaces of both groups, and experimental results were obtained. As the number of layers was increased, the insulation mixture applied to the lining surfaces of the test samples was found to contribute positively to thermal insulation and adhesion resistance of specimens.

In this letter, a swastika-shaped ultrabroadband metamaterials absorber is proposed. The designed absorber can be fabricated with the polylactic acid by 3-D printing, and packaged after filling with water. The absorber can achieve greater than 90% absorption in the frequency band of 9.3–49.0 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 136%, which has been well demonstrated in the microwave experiment. Moreover, it also performs well at wide angles of incidence and the absorption efficiency has almost no obvious changes over the water temperature range of 0 °C–100 °C. The absorber proposed in this letter benefits from ultrawideband absorption, low cost and environment-friendly materials, it can be applied in the fields of electromagnetic (EM) stealth and EM energy harvesting.

In this paper, a water based All Dielectric Frequency Selective Surface (ADFSS) is presented made of renewable materials. This surface is based on a modified dielectric resonator incorporating air ...

Exploring deep and ultradeep wells has rapidly become more significant to meet the global demand for oil and gas. The study of rheological and filtration-loss properties is essential to designing drilling muds and determining their performance under operational conditions. Rheological and filtration-loss properties of drilling muds were found to have a negative impact when exposed to elevated temperatures in the wells. In this study, an amphoteric polymer (abbreviated to PEX) was synthesized and characterized using a combination of analyses: FTIR, SEM, 13CNMR, and TGA. The synthesized PEX was used as an additive in water-based drilling muds to improve rheological properties and reduce fluid loss at elevated temperatures (180–220 °C). The experimental results demonstrated that inclusion of an optimal concentration of PEX (0.3 wt %) into the drilling mud formulation increased the rheological properties by 62.3% and decreased the filtration loss by 63.5% at an aging temperature of 180 °C. Moreover, PEX was found to perform superbly compared to polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV) and polyacrylamide (PAM), the widely used drilling mud additives. PEX not only improved the rheological properties and reduced the filtration loss behavior but also bolstered the thermostability of the drilling mud formulation. It was concluded that the rigidity and amphoteric nature of PEX accounted for the exceptional performance and temperature resistance for PEX-drilling mud formulations. Succinctly, PEX exhibits admirable properties in smart drilling mud formulations for drilling operations under high-temperature geothermal conditions. Moreover, in terms of rheological models, the Herschel–Bulkley model adequately described the rheological properties of all the studied drilling mud formulations.

Primary oil recovery from fractured unconventional formations, such as shale or tight sands, is typically less than 10%. The development of an economically viable enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techni...

Colloidal particles removal from water is a challenge in surface water treatment. Previously, we suggested an original technique for colloidal particles separation from water based on physical flow manipulation by an oscillating device. Laboratory experiments and 2D numerical simulation indicated that this technology enhances colloidal particles grouping and enables their rapid, simultaneous aggregation and sedimentation. The 2D model used in that study was unable to fully elucidate the grouping mechanism, settling pattern, or particle trajectories. Here, we extended the numerical simulation from 2D to 3D and examined the system’s distinctive flow field. The flow field was solved with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in the commercial ANSYS Fluent code and validated by dye injection experiments. The sedimentation patterns could nicely be explained by the computational results. This explanation was strengthened by two-dimensional population balance model simulations, which showed that particles aggregated in two zones trailing the paddle edges. Additionally, the results indicate significantly higher TKE values and faster upward vertical velocities at the higher oscillating frequency, which explains the different sedimentation patterns and removal efficiencies generated by the different oscillation frequencies. The use of 3D numerical simulations will help to better understand and further optimize this novel technology.

To reduce the environmental impact and improve the manufacturing productivity, many manufacturers are replacing the oil-based grinding fluids in their grinding processes with water-based ones. However, wholly oil-based grinding fluids are still used in superfinishing processes, in which the replacement is highly desired. To investigate the feasibility of the desired replacement, superfinishing experiments were conducted on hardened steels supplied with oil-based and water-based grinding fluids, and the superfinishing characteristics were investigated. Based on the findings, new water-based grinding fluids introducing ultrafine bubbles were developed. In superfinishing experiments, the machining performances of the developed fluids matched those of oil-based fluids.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the muscular and cardiorespiratory adaptations of two water-based training programs in older women. METHODS Volunteers were divided between a water-based aerobic training (WBA; n=13), water-based combined training (WBC; n=11) or an active control group (CG; n=9) and those assigned to WBA and WBC exercised twice a week for 12 weeks. All outcomes of interest were assessed prior and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), and Bonferroni post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Aerobic training was performed at the percentage of the heart rate corresponding to the anaerobic threshold and resistance training during WBC was performed with sets at maximal effort. RESULTS Improvements were observed for the maximal knee extension dynamic strength (1RM) and oxygen uptake (VO2) corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold for both WBA and WBC (1RM: 16 ± 12% vs. 15 ± 16%; VO2: 20 ± 24% vs. 23 ± 13%, respectively), whereas VO2 peak improved in all three groups (WBA: 23 ± 21%; WBC: 18 ± 9%; CG: 7 ± 16%). No increase was found for horizontal chest press 1RM (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WBA, WBC and CG are effective to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, however, only water-based training programs (WBA and WBC) appear capable of improving the maximal strength of the lower limbs.

The study assessed a new mobile electroencephalography (EEG) system with water-based electrodes for its applicability in time-frequency and event related potential research. It was compared to a standard gel-based wired system. EEG was recorded on two occasions as participants completed the flanker task, first with the gel-based system followed by the water-based system. Technical and practical considerations for the application of the new water-based system are reported based on the participant and experimenter experiences. Empirical comparisons focused on EEG data noise levels, frequency power across four bands including theta, alpha, low beta and high beta and P300 and ERN event related potential components. The water-based system registered more noise compared to the gel-based system which resulted in increased loss of data during artefact rejection. Signal to noise ratio was significantly lower for the water-based system in the parietal channels which impacted the observed parietal beta power. It also led to a shift in topography of the maximal P300 activity from parietal to frontal regions. It is also evident, that the water-based system may be prone to slow drift noise which may affect the reliability and consistency of low frequency band analyses. Considerations for the use of this specific system for time-frequency and event related potentials are discussed.

Applying nanomaterials and nanotechnology in lubrication has become increasingly popular and important to further reduce the friction and wear in engineering applications. To achieve green manufacturing and its sustainable development, water-based nanolubricants are emerging as promising alternatives to the traditional oil-containing lubricants that inevitably pose environmental issues when burnt and discharged. This review presents an overview of recent advances in water-based nanolubricants, starting from the preparation of the lubricants using different types of nanoadditives, followed by the techniques to evaluate and enhance their dispersion stability, and the commonly used tribo-testing methods. The lubrication mechanisms and models are discussed with special attention given to the roles of the nanoadditives. Finally, the applications of water-based nanolubricants in metal rolling are summarised, and the outlook for future research directions is proposed.

Simple water was recently proposed as an interesting material candidate for the design of microwave dielectric resonators antennas, absorbers, as well as metamaterials and metamaterials with a large number of functionalities [1] - [3] . Although its losses may pose problems, especially at higher frequencies, the advantage of water lies primarily in its relatively high-permittivity, its abundance and relatively low cost, as well as its bio-friendly nature. Furthermore, water-based designs can easily be tuned mechanically, chemically as well as thermally, as opposed to many other materials in use, particularly in the microwave frequency range.

Building insulation plays a important role in energy consumption reduction for sustainable buildings. By applying an efficient insulation, the energy used to keep the buidling cool or warm can be saved significantly. In this work, we have developed a sustainable method for fabrication of silica aerogel (SA) micro powder from solid waste ashes collected from waste-to-energy incineration plants. The fabricated SA has a low thermal conductivity of 0.025 W/mK, high surface area of 786 m2/g and high porosity of 96.36%. It has been mixed into water-based paints to develop a high efficient thermal insulation paint with inproved thermal insulaton properties. Different percentage of SA were mixed into the paint samples to prepare the silica aerogel thermal insulation paint (SATIP) and their physical properties were studied. The SATIP samples were then coated on cement board substrates. The thermal conductivity, water resistance, and insulation performance of the samples were investigated and evaluated systematically. The thermal conductivity results demonstrate that SA additive could significantly improve the thermal insulation properties of the paint. By adding 20 vol% of SA into the SATIP, it achieves up to 12 ˚C surface temperature reduction improvement compare to the one without SA on the heated plate at 60 ˚C, and 1 ˚C in-chamber temperature reduction with external temperature of 44.6 ˚C. The results demonstrated a promising and high efficient thermal insulation paint with silica aerogel which has a great potential for application in sustainable and green buildings for energy saving.

Natural gas hydrates are presently considered as a potential source of future energy as it is widely distributed along the continental margins and in the permafrost areas. However, the drilling ope...

Various water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) are increasingly being used in oil and gas exploitation, for more environmentally acceptable and low-cost advantages than oil-based drilling fluids (OBDF...

To fabricate highly complex structures, sacrificial support material is usually needed. However, traditional petroleum-based support materials are un-sustainable, non-recyclable, and difficult to be completely removed from the target structure after 3D processing. Instead, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) gel could serves as an interesting 3D printing support material due to its sustainability, renewability, and potential recyclability. Since CNCs are highly dispersible in water as nanoparticles and are also not UV sensitive, it has less absorption or bondability with other UV curable polymer matrices. This allows them to be completely washed out by water, which offers a green and efficient method to remove the CNC support material during post processing. In addition, with increasing needs for more intricate structures, combining different 3D printing strategies into a hybrid 3D printing platform can be highly beneficial. In this work, a multi-materials-multi-methods (M4) printer with dual direct-ink-write (DIW) and DIW-inkjet printing capability was used to fabricate various complex structures while using CNC as support material. After 3D printing, water was used to remove the CNC support structure. Even in a highly confined environment, such as the inside of a balloon structure, CNC support material was still easily removed. The potential of using sustainable CNC support material and M4 hybrid 3D printing strategies to fabricate different complex structures was demonstrated. Since CNC gel is derived from forestry products and is entirely water based, the 3D printing process was also made more environmentally friendly, sustainable, and potentially recyclable.

The natural water has frequency dispersion and its permittivity is also related to temperature, which are important factors to design temperature insensitive absorber at microwave frequency. Here, a water-based metamaterial absorber which is fabricated by 3D-printing is proposed. The absorber can perform stably at different temperatures and it also shows 90% absorption in the frequency range of 7.9–21.7 GHz. The experiment proves that the absorber can work at a wide incident angle and is polarization insensitive. Based on these features, the water-based absorber could be applied to various electromagnetic scenarios such as stealth technology and electromagnetic compatibility in temperature-variable environment.

Background: Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive disease consisting of tissue swelling resulting from excessive retention of lymphatic fluid. Measuring upper limb volume is crucial in patients to detect disease progression and to study the effects of treatment. The aim is to assess the validity and reliability of a newly developed system, Peracutus Aqua Meth, for measuring the upper limb volume compared with the gold standard water volumetry device. (In this study, the Bravometer was used). Methods and Results: Healthy volunteers were recruited in October 2017. Three measurements were performed per device. The obtained data were recorded per measurement, device, and researcher. Primary outcome was to determine the validity and reliability of the Peracutus Aqua Meth. Secondary outcomes were intra- and interrater reliability, measurement time, self-reported participant satisfaction, and influence of body mass index (BMI). Thirty-nine healthy volunteers were included. Mean differences in the validity in the Peracutus Aqua Meth and Bravometer were 47.26 and 78.16 mL, respectively (p = 0.04), with a Pearson's r of 0.99. Intra- and interrater reliability of the Peracutus Aqua Meth were both 0.99, in the Bravometer 0.96 and 0.97, respectively (p

Background The morphological alterations during pregnancy may affect the biomechanical loads during exercise practice. Aquatic exercises may suit pregnant women, who are recommended to exercise with low vertical ground reaction force loads. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the apparent weight reduction during immersion and the vertical ground reaction force of three specific water-based exercises in pregnant women at the third trimester. Methods Eleven pregnant women volunteered to take part in the study [32.0 (SD 1.3) weeks, 28.1 (SD 5.7) years, 72.5 (SD 10.1) kg]. The protocol started with the participants immersed to the xiphoid process depth for the apparent weight assessment. Then, three water-based exercises (stationary running, frontal kick and butt kick) were randomly performed at a pre-selected cadence, with 5-min interval. The vertical ground reaction force was measured in each exercise and peak, impulse, contact time and swing time were determined. Repeated measures ANOVA was used (α = 0.05). Findings The apparent weight reduction resulted a mean of 82.9 (SD 6.5)% of body weight. Peak, impulse, contact time and swing time revealed no significant difference between exercises (P > 0.05). Values of peak of vertical ground reaction force ranged from 0.67 to 0.72 units of body weight. Interpretation Pregnant women at the third trimester can benefit from the apparent weight reduction during immersion for exercising. The three water-based exercises presented similar vertical ground reaction force values, which are considered as low odds for musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, these findings highlight the safety of the water-based exercise program during pregnancy.

We aimed to determine the extent of use of water-based exercise and to describe swimming training practices in Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia. A convenience sample of 118 trainers were interviewed, information relating to swimming protocols, perceived benefits and contra-indications, and use of other water-based exercise recorded and descriptive data analyses performed. Water-based exercise was used by 85.6% (n=101) trainers: 82.2% (n=97) swimming, 25.4% (n=30) using a water walker, 13.6% (n=16) incorporating ridden trotting (‘surging’) exercise in chest deep water, and 1.7% (n=2) using an underwater treadmill. Common reasons (and trainer %) for swimming were training variety and mental ‘freshness’ (62.9%), part of the exercise regime on ‘slow’ days (61.9%) and fitness benefits (60.8%). These horses swam a median of 50-90 m (ranging from a minimum of 40-180 m to a maximum of 40-450 m), continuously or as intervals, after track work, once or twice daily a median 3 days/week (range 0.5-7). Swimming for 50 (range 40-120 m) to 90 m (range 40-200 m) before track work 7 days/week (range 3-7) was used by 43 of the 97 trainers (44.3%) to manage horses prone to exertional rhabdomyolysis. Swimming was used to replace fast work by three trainers who swam horses with limb injuries up to 270-450 m. Common reasons (and % trainers) for not swimming individual horses were demeanour/distress (73.2%), previous swim colic (35.1%) or exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (35.1%) although only five trainers had ever seen epistaxis after swimming exercise. Swimming is widely used in training Thoroughbred horses in Australia yet trainer opinions particularly on fitness benefits, contra-indications and protocols vary widely and need to be scientifically validated. Diversifying training activities is a common strategy for managing racehorses in training, yet a better understanding of the best use of swimming and other cross-training options is needed so that evidence-based recommendations can be made.

Ultrathin silver nanowires (UTAgNWs) are indispensable to achieve transparent conductive films (TCFs) with overall optoelectronic performance exceeding that of the state-of-the-art indium tin oxide films. Impurities in raw UTAgNW products severely impair the optical properties of TCFs. Unfortunately, highly effective and environment-friendly approaches for purification of UTAgNWs are still lacking. Herein, we report the purification of UTAgNWs using deionized water along with a small amount of surfactants as the purifying agent. TCFs coated with the purified UTAgNWs exhibit a light transmittance of 97.9% and a haze of 1.22% at a sheet resistance of 36.3 Ω sq

Summary In recent years, drilling fluids have become more complex in nature to satisfy diverse requirements in drilling operations. Accurate prediction of the frictional pressure losses while drilling is complex because of a combination of various drilling parameters. In the present study, a computational–fluid–dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed to investigate the hydraulics of solids–free non–Newtonian drilling fluids with an eccentric annulus coupled with a rotating drillstring. The Herschel-Bulkley fluid model is used to describe the non-Newtonian fluid behavior of the drilling fluid. Annular inlet fluid velocities are varied from 0.5 to 1.2 m/s (laminar flow). Simulation results are compared with the experimental data from the in–house flow–loop results. The flow loop has a 10–m–long annulus section with a 100–mm–inner–diameter (ID) wellbore and 50–mm–outer–diameter (OD) fully eccentric drillstring. Pressure–drop results from the flow–loop experiments at various flow velocities with and without drillstring rotation are reported. Experimental results show that the pressure drop increases with the drillstring rotation in an eccentric annulus. Pressure–drop predictions from CFD analysis are in close agreement with the experimental results. Also, it has been observed that drilling fluids with similar viscosity profiles measured according to API RP 13D (2017) can have significantly different hydraulic and cuttings–transport behavior. As observed from experimental results, drilling fluids with similar viscosity profiles and density have different pressure drops. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the hydraulic behavior of drilling fluids.

The authentication of the documents by experts mainly depends on determines the chronological order of strokes intersection. The samples consist of two types of intersections of a toner laser printer and water-based ink. Two nondestructive methods; digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy were used in the samples investigated. The effect of variations in the brands and models of laser printers, the influence of changes in brands of water-based ink, the nature of the paper surface and a time gap between the first and the second strokes on the determination of the sequence of intersecting strokes were studied. The four physical characteristics investigated under the digital microscope; the specular reflection, the ink glosses, gap and spreading determine the sequence of intersecting strokes except in case some colors of some pen brands. The results of Raman spectroscopy detect the sequence of intersecting strokes regardless of the colors or pen brands. The combination of a digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy can be considered as a scientific forensic base to determine the sequence of intersecting strokes of water-based ink and toner.

Implant removal comprises 5% of all orthopaedic surgery procedures performed annually. Surgical indications range from implant failure, infection, non-union, and symptomatic hardware. Intra-operatively, surgeons need to prepare for complications including bony overgrowth, cold-welding, broken screws, and stripped screw heads. Large anatomic dissections required for complete hardware removal place the patient at increased risk of complications due to increased operating time and larger dissections. The authors present a safe and effective technique for the partial removal of surgical implants. The technique utilizes a high-speed burr to cut surgical plates, minimizing the total dissection and operative time. Sterile surgical laps covered in water-based lubricant capture metal debris to reduce tissue contamination as well as surgeon exposure to metal particles.

During last 10 years the number of studies which devoted to using of medical physical factors in rehabilitation of patients with breast cancer has increased. Using any physical factor in rehabilitation should be proved by results of evidence-based studies.The article presents data of scientometric analysis of 748 studies from 1980 till 2018 which were devoted to using of medical physical factors in rehabilitation of 261643 patients with breast cancer. The most studied physical factors with authentically proven effect are physical exercises, water based physical exercises, compression therapy. Process of synthesis and analysis of study results should be done regularly.

Paper has been proposed as an alternative substrate material for graphene-based strain gauges due to its high flexibility and accessibility when compared to the conventional substrates such as polymer that is not only rigid but also not recyclable. In the fabrication of graphene-based strain gauges on paper, inkjet printing is commonly used as the main deposition method of graphene on paper as this process allows a systematic control of strain gauge resistance by manipulating several factors such as print passes and drop spacing. However, the availability of inkjet printers that allows the printing of graphene solution is an issue as industrial inkjet printers can be obtained only at a premium price while modification of commercial inkjet printers is a must to replace the original ink with graphene ink. To counter this issue, a commercial photo paper has been used for the first time as a substrate during vacuum filtration of graphene solution for layer–layer assembly of strain gauges on paper. With the resulting gauge factor of up to 83 at the maximum and minimum strain of 1.4% and 0.03% (sensitivity of 1.25%) respectively, the fabricated strain gauge from photo paper shows the potential of paper to be used as a component in the future wearable device. Meanwhile, the advantages of using vacuum filtration as the selected technique for the deposition of graphene meanwhile are demonstrated in this work by varying the gauge factor through controlling the graphene deposition volume.

This study concerns an innovative project in the Dutch river Waal: the construction of longitudinal dams. By splitting the river into a main and secondary channel, these dams significantly impact the river landscape and the way it is used by different stakeholders. We report the results of a baseline study of the expectations local water-based recreationists (fishermen and boaters) had of the longitudinal dams before they were constructed. In addition, we explore their levels of place attachment, and use the visions of nature approach to elicit their lay philosophy of nature. We found that fishermen were more strongly attached to the area than boaters. Though expectations of the dams were generally negative, this differed significantly between fishermen and boaters, and between different dimensions of landscape change. We demonstrate the relevance of place attachment and visions of nature for understanding how recreationists perceive landscape change.