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We draw on a large-scale dataset of individual-level credit bureau records to study bankcard credit limits in Indian Country. Utilizing approaches that aim to isolate supply from demand considerations, we find that residing in a predominantly American Indian neighborhood is ceteris paribus associated with lower awarded bankcard credit limits than residing in a neighborhood where the share of American Indian residents is low. Consumer's credit history is a robust and quantitatively more important predictor of awarded credit limits than racial composition of the consumer's neighborhood. Bankcard credit limits do not depend on the consumer's location vis-a-vis a reservation. Keywords Bankcard credit * American Indian reservations * Discrimination * Neighborhood racial characteristics * Credit history JEL Classification G21 * J15 * P43 * R11, Introduction As a widely available form of consumer credit in the USA (see, e.g., Schuh and Stavins 2014; Bricker et al. 2014; Larrimore et al. 2015), credit cards facilitate transactions, [...]

A computational study, a wind-tunnel analysis, and a flight test on the T-38 Talon demonstrated that approach-to-stall characteristics may be improved by the addition of a wing fence. Fences were placed at the location of a preexisting seam, at [+ or -]0.825 semispan, and were compared with the T-38 without fences. Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes simulations were conducted using the computational fluid dynamics air vehicles unstructured solver to examine the flow around the T-38 at typical full-flap landing conditions (Re = 4.66 x [10.sup.6] per unit length). Solutions were computed over a range of angles of attack from 2 to 15 deg. The fence was found to increase [C.sub.L max] by 7% and delay the attainment of [C.sub.L max] from a 12 to a 13 deg angle of attack. This effect was achieved through the formation of a discrete streamwise vortex outboard of the fence, which prevented flow separation in the tip region, which (in turn) delayed flow separation over the remainder of the wing, resulting in the higher computed lift. Wind-tunnel results, by and large, were based on aircraft instrumentation and flow visualization for Mach numbers up to 0.65 ([Re.sub.mac] ~ [10.sup.7]). The flight-test data showed an increase in [C.sub.L] of approximately 2% in the angle-of-attack range of 12-14.5 deg when the wing fence was in place. Onboard accelerometer data suggest the fence reduced the roll-off tendency and the wing-rock amplitude during approaches to stall. Flow visualization on the aircraft wing in both the wind-tunnel study and the flight test suggested that the fence reduced spanwise and separated flow outboard the fence, which agreed with the computational fluid dynamics results. DOI: 10.2514/1.46122

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.06.064 Byline: Michael L. Williams (a), Alan R. Dennis (b), Antonie Stam (c), Jay E. Aronson (d) Keywords: Decision support systems; Multicriteria decision making; Analytic hierarchy process; Decision quality Abstract: This paper uses a laboratory experiment to examine the effect of DSS use on the decision maker's error patterns and decision quality. The DSS used in our experiments is the widely used Expert Choice (EC) implementation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Perhaps surprisingly, our experiments do not provide general support for the often tacit assumption that the use of a DSS such as EC improves decision quality. Rather, we find that, whereas a DSS can help decision makers develop a better understanding of the essence of a decision problem and can reduce logical error (especially if the information load is high), it is also susceptible to introducing accidental effects such as mechanical errors. In some cases, as in our study, the accidental errors may outweigh the benefits of using a DSS, leading to lower quality decisions. Author Affiliation: (a) Graziadio School of Business and Management, Pepperdine University, 6100 Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States (b) Department of Information Systems, Kelly School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States (c) Department of Management, College of Business, 418 Cornell Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States (d) Department of MIS, Terry College of Business, Brooks Hall 307, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States Article History: Received 13 November 2003; Accepted 14 June 2005

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2006.07.003 Byline: Katherine A. Kiel (a), Michael Williams (b) Keywords: Hedonic regressions; Meta-analysis; Property values Abstract: It is generally assumed that all Superfund sites negatively impact property values, that the impact is similar for all sites, and that the impact disappears once the site has been cleaned. This paper examines several Superfund sites across the US and finds that some have the expected impact, while others have either no impact or a positive impact on local property values. The effect does not necessarily disappear for sites that have been cleaned. Using a meta-analysis approach to examine what factors contribute to a decrease in property values, we find that larger sites in areas with fewer blue-collar workers are more likely to have a negative impact. Author Affiliation: (a) College of the Holy Cross, Department of Economics, Worcester, MA 01610, USA (b) State Street Bank, Boston, MA 02111, USA Article History: Received 9 June 2006; Revised 14 July 2006 Article Note: (footnote) [star] Please do not quote or cite without permission of the authors. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the US EPA or State Street Bank. We would like to thank the US EPA for funding this research under a Cooperative Agreement.

The entry barriers and anti trust laws are analyzed. The antitrust laws against mergers so as to make them an entry barrier are mentioned. The various definitions of entry given by economists are listed.

Byline: Dennis L. Weisman (1), Michael A. Williams (2) Keywords: Consumers' surplus; discrimination; entry; Telecommunications Act Abstract: A primary goal of the 1996 Telecommunications Act isto encourage competition in long-distance telephonemarkets. Four years after passage of thislegislation, Bell Operating Companies (``BOCs'') havebeen granted permission to offer long-distanceservices in only one state. The regulatory barrier toentry is justified on grounds that the BOCs have theability to discriminate against incumbentlong-distance carriers in the provision of essentialaccess services. We take this premise as given andquantify the critical level of discrimination requiredto offset the positive consumers' surplus gainsassociated with the enhanced competition resultingfrom BOC entry into long-distance markets. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Economics, Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-4001, U.S.A. (2) PM Industrial Economics, 2200 Powell St. Suite 1080, Emeryville, CA, 94608, U.S.A. Article History: Registration Date: 03/10/2004

The Basle Accord is a set of new capital requirements for financial institutions approved by the Group of Ten countries in 1988. The accord has been cited by former SEC Chmn. Richard Breeden and the 1993 Economic Report to the President as a major cause for the decline of bank lending to small businesses. However, the small business lending crunch can be attributed to other government regulations, particularly the 1989 Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act and the 1991 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act.

A Cournot-Nash model describing horizontal integration between companies involved with spatial price discrimination is examined. The model assumes continuity with the Merger Guidelines of the US Dept of Justice. Results show that the merger generates an approximate measure of increases in equilibrium, post-merger delivered prices and does not present a post-merger HHI estimate to describe integration.

Byline: Paul Beynon-Davies, Anthony T. Baker, Michael D. Williams Many organisations are experiencing similar problems with ERP implementation that they experienced with earlier information technologies. As a result, many organisations have invested heavily in ERP software only to discover that business performance has not improved overall. These shortfalls are attributed in the literature to a number of factors such as a misunderstanding of the nature of ERP and an underestimation of the effort involved in implementing such systems effectively. Traditionally, this literature has been normative or prescriptive with new tools, techniques, methods and managerial approaches arising with very little empirical validation. This research contributes to this area by attempting to address some of these limitations by systematically exploring issues of ERP implementation empirically. Throughout this research project, action research has required the researchers to balance research with practical objectives and it is recognised that the ethics of this form of research can prove problematic and the authors also identify these areas.

Techno-Human Mesh: The Growing Power of Information Technologies. By Cynthia K. West. Westport, Conn.: Quorum, 2001. 225p $62.50 (ISBN 156720-409-0). www.greenwood.com/ quorum.htm. Despite a 2001 copyright date, significant parts of [...]

ABSTRACT This study examines the optimal location choice decisions of a two-state firm in response to changing state corporate income tax rates and tax structures. Because the firm can engineer [...]

Leading the Wired Organization: The Information Professional's Guide to Managing Technological Change. By Mark Stover. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1999. 362p. $49.95 (ISBN 1-55570-357-7). www.neal-schuman.com. A book written by a librarian [...]