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In recent years, circular RNA (circRNA) has been found to be involved in a variety of cancer processes. More and more attention has been paid to the research of circRNA in lung cancer. This study aims to investigate whether circ_0000517 affected the physiology of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that circ_0000517 was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells, and overexpression of circ_0000517 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Silencing of circ_0000517 significantly inhibited the proliferation, glycolysis, and glutamine decomposition of NSCLC cells in vitro and repressed the growth of xenografted tumors in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of circ_0000517 attenuated the expression of PCNA, HK2, LDHA, ASCT2, and GLS1. Further study found that circ_0000517 targeted miR‐330‐5p and miR‐330‐5p targeted YY1. In addition, miR‐330‐5p inhibitor reversed inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, glycolysis, and glutamine decomposition induced by si‐circ_0000517. In conclusion, our study revealed that silencing of circ_0000517 improved the progression of NSCLC through regulating miR‐330‐5p/YY1 axis.

Background The diagnosis of hypertension should be based on the mean of two or more properly measured BP readings on each of two visits for clinical practice, but a one-visit strategy was applied in most epidemiological surveys. The impact of hypertension definition based on two visits on estimates of hypertension burden is unknown. This study aims to assess the impact of hypertension diagnosis based on a two-visit strategy for estimating hypertension burden in China. Methods The one-visit and two-visit strategies were applied to investigate the incidence of hypertension in a cohort study based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1989-2011. Additionally the prevalence of hypertension was investigated in a cross-sectional study based on the CHNS 2006-2009/2011 and the hypertension burden in China was estimated with data from the 2012-2015 China hypertension survey. Results Overall, the age-adjusted incidence of hypertension based on the two-visit strategy (1.82%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-1.90%) was 62.1% lower than estimation based on the one-visit strategy (4.80%; 95% CI, 4.68-4.93%). Similar results were found in the prevalence of hypertension (one-visit: 18.13% [95% CI, 17.34-18.92%]; two-visit: 9.47% [95% CI, 8.87-10.07%]). When the two-visit strategy was applied to the 2012-2015 China hypertension survey, the hypertension burden was predicted to be overestimated by 25.5-47.8% (based on JNC 7) and 23.5-48.2% (based on the 2017 ACC/AHA). Conclusion The hypertension burden would decrease from 244.5 million persons to 127.5-182.3 million persons in China if the two-visit strategy was applied.

Objectives Smoking prevalence has significantly increased among Chinese adolescences in the past decades. The aim of our study is to investigate the trends and changing patterns in age of smoking initiation among the Chinese population. Study design Pooled data from the 2006–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey was used for analysis. A total of 10,032 adults aged ≥18 years who were born between 1950 and 1997 were separated into five birth cohorts (1950–1959, 1960–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989 and 1990–1997). Methods Age-specific (10–24 years) smoking initiation rates were calculated by gender, educational level and urbanisation. The multiple logistic models were used for estimates of changes in smoking initiation age. Results The mean age of smoking initiation decreased substantially from 22.0 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.2–22.7) to 17.5 years (95% CI: 16.2–19.1) over five generations. A large decrease was seen in the initiation age group of 15–24 years in the 1980s cohort (15–19 years: odds ratio [OR] = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.19–0.97; 20–24 years: OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.18–0.82); a significant decrease was also found in the 1990s cohort (15–19 years: OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.11–0.94; 20–24 years old: OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14–0.85). The peak age of smoking initiation changed from 20 years old to 18 years old over the five generations. Conclusions The age of smoking initiation has decreased rapidly in the Chinese population in the past decades. Chinese adolescents are becoming the main target group for the tobacco marketing industry, and national legislations are urgently required.

Background The prevalence of overweight is increasing dramatically worldwide. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of plain water intake (PWI) with the risk of new-onset overweight risk among Chinese adults. Methods A total of 3,200 adults aged 18-65 who were free of overweight at baseline were enrolled from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort study in 2006-2011. The risk of new-onset overweight with different amounts of PWI per day was analyzed in this 5-year cohort. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association of PWI and the risk of new-onset overweight and adjust for potential confounders. Moreover, dose-response models were developed to estimate the linear relationship. Results During 5 years of follow-up, 1,018 incident cases were identified. Our analysis indicated an inverse association of more than 4 cups of PWI per day and the risk of new-onset overweight among normal weight individuals. Compared with participants who drank 2 to 3 cups PWI, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) of overweight were 0.741 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.599-0.916) in participants who drank 4 to 5 cups PWI, and 0.547 (95% CI, 0.435-0.687) in participants who drank more than 6 cups PWI. The dose-response analysis showed that every cup of PWI was associated with a 6.5% and 8.4% decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among men and women, respectively. The interactions of PWI and covariates on the risk of overweight were not found. Conclusion Drinking more than 4 cups (≈1 liter) per day of plain water is associated with decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among normal-weight individuals.

IL6 is one of the most elevated cytokines during chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and IL6R blockade by Tocilizumab has successfully relieved the most life-threatening aspects of CRS in patients. In addition, latest studies demonstrated the essential role of IL1 in driving CART induced neurotoxicity in mouse models. Here we present a clinical investigation (ChiCTR2000032124; ChiCTR2000031868) of anti-CD19 and anti-BCMA CART (41BBζ) secreting an anti-IL6 scFv and IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) in treating patients with hematologic malignancy. Our results revealed that IL6 and IL1B were maintained at low levels without significant elevation during CRS, rendering Tocilizumab dispensable. Moreover, treated patients did not show neurotoxicity during CRS and exhibited mild to moderate CRS. Notably, we observed high rate of complete response (CR) and significant CART expansion during treatment. In sum, we conclude that CART-secreting anti-IL6 scFv and IL1RA could self-neutralize IL6 storm and maintain low levels of IL1B during CART therapy to minimize IL6- and IL1-associated cytokine toxicity and neurotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy.

Background. Several predictors have been shown to be independently associated with chronic postsurgical pain for gastrointestinal surgery, but few studies have investigated the factors associated with acute postsurgical pain (APSP). The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of APSP intensity and severity through investigating demographic, psychological, and clinical variables. Methods. We performed a prospective cohort study of 282 patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery to analyze the predictors of APSP. Psychological questionnaires were assessed 1 day before surgery. Meanwhile, demographic characteristics and perioperative data were collected. The primary outcomes are APSP intensity assessed by numeric rating scale (NRS) and APSP severity defined as a clinically meaningful pain when NRS ≥4. The predictors for APSP intensity and severity were determined using multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression, respectively. Results. 112 patients (39.7%) reported a clinically meaningful pain during the first 24 hours postoperatively. Oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME) consumption (β 0.05, 95% CI 0.03–0.07, p < 0.001 ), preoperative anxiety (β 0.12, 95% CI 0.08–0.15, p < 0.001 ), and expected postsurgical pain intensity (β 0.12, 95% CI 0.06–0.18, p < 0.001 ) were positively associated with APSP intensity. Furthermore, MME consumption (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.21, p < 0.001 ), preoperative anxiety (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.21–1.46, p < 0.001 ), and expected postsurgical pain intensity (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17–1.57, p < 0.001 ) were independently associated with APSP severity. Conclusion. These results suggested that the predictors for APSP intensity following gastrointestinal surgery included analgesic consumption, preoperative anxiety, and expected postsurgical pain, which were also the risk factors for APSP severity.

The effects of macronutrient intake on obesity are controversial. This research aims to investigate the associations between macronutrient intake and new-onset overweight/obesity. The relationship between the consumption of carbohydrate and total fat and obesity was assessed by the multivariable Cox model in this 11-year cohort, which included 6612 adults (3291 men and 3321 women) who were free of overweight and obesity at baseline. The dietary intake was recorded using a 24-h recall method for three consecutive days. Moreover, substitution models were developed to distinguish the effects of macronutrient composition alteration from energy intake modification. During 7·5 person years (interquartile range 4·3, 10·8) of follow-up, 1807 participants became overweight or obese. After adjusting for risk factors, the hazard ratio (HR) of overweight/obesity in extreme quintiles of fat was 1·48 (quintile 5 v. quintile 1, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·89; Ptrend = 0·02) in women. Additionally, replacing 5 % of energy from carbohydrate with equivalent energy from fat was associated with an estimated 4·3 % (HR 1·043, 95 % CI 1·007, 1·081) increase in overweight/obesity in women. Moreover, dietary carbohydrate was inversely associated with overweight/obesity (quintile 5 v. quintile 1, HR 0·70, 95 % CI 0·55, 0·89; Ptrend = 0·02) in women. Total fat was related to a higher risk of overweight/obesity, whereas high carbohydrate intake was related to a lower risk of overweight/obesity in women, which was not observed in men.

A wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with an adjustable notched-band and high selectivity is proposed. The proposed BPF consists of a multi-mode resonator (MMR), twoλ/2 resonators, and I/O feed lines with 50 ohm characteristic impedance. The MMR, connected as a whole by a wide stub, is composed of one I-shaped resonator and two open-loop resonators. Tightly coupling is built between MMR andλ/2 resonators. I/O feed lines are directly connected with twoλ/2 resonators, respectively. Due to the use of tapped-line coupling, one transmission zero (TZ) is formed near low-edge of aim passband. High-edge of passband with one attendant TZ can be tuned to desired location by adjusting bottom-side position of used wide stub or bottom-side length of I-shaped resonator in MMR. The top-side length of I-shaped resonator is applied to improve upper stopband performance and shift undesired resonant mode of MMR near high-edge of aim passband to proper frequency point. The notched-band in aim passband is dominated by top-side position of wide stub in MMR. Good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results.

Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI) can cause spinal cord dysfunction and even devastating paraplegia. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and calpain are two calcium related molecules which have been reported to be involved in the ischemia reperfusion injury of cardiomyocytes and the subsequent apoptosis. Here, we studied the expression of CaSR and calpain in spinal cord neurons and tissues, followed by the further investigation of the role of CaSR/calpain axis in the cellular apoptosis process during SCIRI. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the expression of CaSR and calpain in spinal cord neurons increased during SCIRI. Moreover, the CaSR agonist GdCl3 and antagonist NPS-2390 enhanced or decreased the expression of CaSR and calpain respectively. The expressions of CaSR and calpain were also consistent with the cellular apoptosis in spinal cord. Taken together, CaSR-calpain contributes to the SCIRI apoptosis, and CaSR antagonist might be a helpful drug for alleviating SCIRI.

In this article, a new wideband bandpass filter (BPF) adopting two different types of resonators is proposed. The filter is constructed of four same open loop resonators and one inverted I-shaped resonator located at the middle. As a result, compared with conventional BPF without inverted I-shaped resonator, the proposed BPF exhibits one new transmission zero around the passband, which can adjust bandwidth and increase the selectivity at high-side edge of the passband significantly. The desired bandwidth can be obtained where the bandwidth is basically proportional to the upper or bottom coupling gaps between inverted I-shaped resonator and two adjoining open loop resonators. For verification, the proposed BPF is designed and fabricated where good agreement is observed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1319–1323, 2015

Selection of mechanical equipment is realized in the technical study on site. And according to different device powers and flow, relevant piping connections are perfected; then according to proportion of foaming agent developed in the lab, at the scene foaming equipment with compressed air is used to prepare foaming agent with good stability; then according to construction process, different dosage of early-strength admixture effecting the performance of compressive resistence of inorganic solidification foam materials in different time; at last, after the equipment being debugged well and relevant materials being prepared, inorganic solidification foam prepared to be 900 kg/m3 in the experiment is injected into baffle made from wood for solidifying; after 7 days, the dam constructed by this technology is detected with the result that there exists no apparent air leakage, forming a light closed-cell structure. The dam has a good performance of crack resistance and prevent air leakage.

This research conducted chemical modification of foaming agent KH first, then determined the ratio of ingredients KH: SK: BH: SF: water of the foaming composite as 10:2:1:2:20 through orthogonal experiments, and made tests for relevant properties of samples at the said ingredient ratio and with dry density of 800 kg/m3, 900 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 respectively determined by optimum seeking method via experiments. The test results show that the initial compressive strength of the material and its compressive strength after curing for 28 days are both relatively high.

We demonstrate the plasmon hybridization in a meta-molecules array composed of three identical split ring resonators (SRRs) in each unit. A plasmon hybridization resonant mode characterized by an admixture of electric dipole and quadrupole is observed, which origins from the electromagnetic interactions among the meta-atoms. This resonant mode is sensitive to the variation of spatial inversion symmetry determined by SRRs arrangement. Particularly, it can be tuned by changing the configuration of unit cell. The result means the spatial inversion symmetry of unit cell strongly influence the plasmonic coupling in the trimerical structure, offering an additional degree of freedom to control the electromagnetic interaction in metamaterials.

This article presents a high selectivity wideband bandpass filter (BPF) adopting stub loaded resonator. Hereinto, aim passband is determined by BPF without stub embedded, which is only composed of four half-wavelength open-loop resonators. Based on typical tapped-line coupling, two same stubs are located at physical middle points of two resonators connected with I/O feed lines, respectively. Due to embedded point at middle of loaded resonator, the stub with two open-end branches has no influence on original half-wavelength resonant frequency, and aim passband keeps unchanged. Because of different even-mode resonant frequencies between loaded and unloaded resonators, no new passband is constructed. With the help of embedded stubs, original transmission zero (TZ) near low-edge of aim passband is shifted towards passband, and a new TZ is introduced near high-edge. High selectivity and good passband characteristics are obtained optimizing sizes of stubs, I/O tapped position and top open-end length of loaded resonator.

A wide-band antenna coupling with an elliptical slot was discussed in this paper. To implement the wide band operation, an elliptical ring slot was etched on a polygonal patch. The properties of this design have been verified by using electromagnetic simulation software. Comparing to the conventional U-slot patch antenna fed by Π-shaped slot, the proposed structure is with the same impedance in bandwidth, but less than 10% in size.

Complex resistivity (CR) is one of an electromagnetic method which plays an important role in the exploration of oil and gas, underground water as well as solid mineral resources in recent years. Nowadays China is under fast developing and there is still a big gap between the supply and demand of mineral resources. As an effective controlled source electromagnetic method, CR method can be easily used to judge the content of resources, determine the target reservoir and select a favorable drilling area. In this paper, an introduction to CR method and its application in copper mine exploration in west China is present. The result shows that CR is an effective electromagnetic method in the exploration of deep mineral resources.

We present a combined electromagnetic method which consist of Audio Magnetotellurics (AMT) and Transient Electromagnetic method (TEM) to the utilize in the selecting sites for ultra high voltage power plant. The inversion profile gives the underground resistivity distribution for the power engineers to select proper ground site location. The result is satisfactory and some ground sites have been established already, indicating that electromagnetic method is suitable for selecting the ground site for ultra high voltage power plant.

As a new technique of photomicrography of complex optical field, the Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is particularly attractive in recent years because of its incoherent optical recording characteristics. For a new image recording and reconstruction system, a key concern is how to configure the experimental layout of FINCH by using available optical elements to achieve optimal resolution. However, in previous reports, there exist different viewpoints about this issue, and the imaging conditions of the best resolution remain to be clarified. As is well known, the imaging resolution is affected by the effective aperture of hologram and the change of the recording distance between spatial light modulator (SLM) and image sensor (CCD) can cause the hologram aperture to change. In the FINCH system the effective aperture of hologram is related not only to the aperture influence of each element used in the recording system, but also to the overlapping area of interference between the signal and reference wave and the pixel spacing of the image sensor. In previous reports, the researchers mainly used the ray-tracing method to discuss the effective aperture radius of hologram by ignoring the influences of the diffraction of light wave and the pixel spacing size of image sensor on the aperture of hologram. Based on the theories of wave optics we carry out a thorough investigation into the effective aperture of FINCH. We find that the pixelization of the image sensor, e.g. CCD, is a decisive factor influencing the resolution of FINCH, and we adopt numerical simulations and optical experiments to further verify the theoretical conclusions that the optimal lateral resolution of FINCH is achieved only if the recording distance (Zh) is equal to the focal length (fd) of diffractive lens displayed on a spatial light modulator; the resolution is deteriorated with the increase of \begin{document}$\left| {{Z_{\rm{h}}} - {f_{\rm{d}}}} \right|$\end{document}. From the viewpoint of Fourier optics, the smaller the imaging distance \begin{document}$\left| {{Z_{\rm{h}}} - {f_{\rm{d}}}} \right|$\end{document}, the larger the aperture angle of hologram (\begin{document}$ \approx {{{R_{\rm{h}}}} / {\left| {{Z_{\rm{h}}} - {f_{\rm d}}} \right|}}$\end{document}), the higher the collected spatial frequency is, hence, the higher the lateral resolution is. On the other hand, although the FINCH overcomes the spatial coherence limitation, it requires temporally coherent or quasi-monochromatic light. Our study also indicates that the requirements for the spatiotemporal coherence can be eased when the CCD is located at the focal plane of diffractive lens.

In order to obtain a wideband passband filter, a compact filter with two open-loop resonators has been designed and fabricated, which has introduced two transmission zeros at the passband's upper frequency area.The proposed topology is demonstrated with a design operating at 5.19 GHz with 19.7% bandwidth. More than 20 dB of spurious suppression from 0 to 3.69 and from 6.27 to 9.71 GHz is demonstrated in the experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:915–917, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI: 10.1002/mop.27415

To obtain an adjustable passband filter, some open stubs are embedded into an open loop resonator. The third resonant frequency can be adjusted by changing size of the stub added at the middle. A tri-band microstrip bandpass filter is designed to verify the proposed topology, and a prototype was fabricated. Measurement results demonstrate that operating frequency of the sample achieves around 0.86, 1.83, and 2.98 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1817–1819, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26957

© 2012 Rulong et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Optimalization of Extraction Conditions for Increasing Microalgal Lipid Yield by Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction Method (ASE) Based on the Orthogonal Array Design

Hydropower Development in Southwest Mountain brings to some influence on ecological environment. The ecological water demand of the important segments of hydropower development must be ensured is a very important factor to guarantee the eco-environmental system and the sustainable development of the social economy. The measuring method of the minimum water demand for maintaining the ecobalance of the watershed is carried out by means of analysis on the main impact that the hydropower cascade development of the main upper reaches of Minjiang River brings to the eco-environment. After calculation, the water demand of the Minjiang River upper stream is 6.5–40 m3/s. The closer to the lower reaches, the more eco-water demand is. The water demand of the Minjiang River upper stream takes up 6.1%–33.4% of the average flow rate for years. The closer to the headstream, the more proportion eco-water demand takes up. The evaluations show that the reaches which have been developed shall ensure the ecological water demand of the watershed and the undeveloped river reaches shall keep the regional ecological water demand satisfaction as the prerequisite, from planning to designing, from construction to operation.

A new integrated fault line detecting method using extenics is proposed, for existing methods of fault line detection are affected by fault switching angle and electric arc etc., the accuracy of fault line detection is not satisfied. Three factors of matter-element in single-phase fault line detection are confirmed, which are the possible fault line's aggregate and its correlative characteristic aggregate and quantity field with the stated characteristic. The characteristic aggregate includes the decaying direct current component, the D-value of transient energy, the D-value of reactive power and the correlation coefficient. The relation function of extended aggregate is imported, in order to quantificationally calculate the fault degree of each line and confirm the corresponding weight function. Then, the fault line detection is realized. The method integrates four algorithm. It can eliminate not only the effect of the small current of fault line and the unstable grounding electric arc, but also the effect of the capacitance current of the long sound lines when the short line is fault. The method is not affected by the uncertain factors such as the fault switching angle, transition resistance. Large simulations indicate that the fault line detecting method is correct and reliable.

The oriental liverfluke, Clonorchis sinensis, is of major socioeconomic importance in parts of Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The parasite is transmitted via snails to freshwater fish, and then to human beings and other piscivorous mammals, and causes substantial clinical or subclinical disease, known as clonorchiasis. There is considerable evidence for an aetiological relation between clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in human beings. It is estimated that about 35 million people are infected globally, of whom approximately 15 million are in China. Although very little information from China has been published in the English language, recent analyses of epidemiological data sets suggest that clonorchiasis is having an increased human-health impact due to the greater consumption of raw freshwater fish. To gain an improved insight into clonorchiasis in China, this review provides a background on the parasite and its life cycle, summarises key aspects regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of clonorchiasis, describes the geographic distribution and prevalence of clonorchiasis, and makes some recommendations for future research and the control of this important disease.

Based on the finite-difference time-domain method, we demonstrate multiple enhanced transmission bands through subwavelength compound periodic array of rectangular holes by adjusting the cutoff wavelength of each hole. The results show that the transmission spectrum of this structure is almost a compound of that of the corresponding periodic hole arrays with simple cell, when the holes are arranged appropriately. It is also found that the surface plasmon resonance peak and the localized resonance peak exhibit different behaviors as the symmetry of compound periodic structure varies. The proposed method provides an effective way to achieve enhanced transmission simultaneously at different selected wavelengths in the visible and infrared regions.