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RationalePulmonary fibrosis is a devastating lung disease with few therapeutic options. Chitinase 1 (CHIT1), an 18 glycosyl hydrolase family member, contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis through regulation of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β signaling and effector function. Therefore, CHIT1 is a potential therapeutic target of pulmonary fibrosis.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify and characterize a druggable CHIT1 inhibitor with strong antifibrotic activity and minimal toxicity for therapeutic application to pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsExtensive screening of small molecule libraries identified the aminoglycoside antibiotic Kasugamycin as a potent CHIT1 inhibitor.Measurements and Main ResultsElevated levels of CHIT1 were detected in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. In vivo bleomycin- and TGF-β-stimulated murine models of pulmonary fibrosis, Kasugamycin showed impressive anti-fibrotic effects in both preventive and therapeutic conditions. In vitro studies also demonstrated that Kasugamycin inhibits fibrotic macrophage activation, fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast transformation. Null mutation of transforming growth factor beta associated protein 1 (TGFBRAP1), a recently identified CHIT1 interacting signaling molecule, phenocopied antifibrotic effects of Kasugamycin in in vivo lungs and in vitro fibroblasts responses. Kasugamycin inhibits physical association between CHIT1 and TGFBRAP1, suggesting that antifibrotic effect of Kasugamycin is mediated through regulation of TGFBRAP1, at least in part.ConclusionsThese studies demonstrate that Kasugamycin is a novel CHIT1 inhibitor with strong antifibrotic effect that can be further developed as an effective and safe therapeutic drug for pulmonary fibrosis.

Submarine pipelines are among the most important methods of marine oil transportation, and they are widely used in offshore oil exploitation. They can be efficiently monitored by deploying sensor nodes conforming underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), located near to oil well, so that these nodes can sense, broadcast, and receive data surveying the status of the submarine infrastructure timely manner. Inevitably, UASNs may experience security problems, owing to the open nature of the underwater environment. This paper proposes a new source location privacy protection scheme based on an offshore oil acquisition platform, to address these security issues, particularly the case of source location protection. In the proposed scheme, nodes are defined as pipeline and environment locations, and are allocated to different clusters. The concept of forming anonymous cluster by exchanging the identities of a source and a cluster head is introduced to select fake sources. In addition, a data fragmentation method is developed to reduce the energy consumption of fake packets transmission. Particularly, we propose the deployment of disguised AUVs to collect data from fake sources, to conceal and protect the location of the actual sources. Simulation results show that the safety time of the network is increased by about 6%. Due to the adoption of the data fragmentation method, the energy consumption of nodes is also decreased.

Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 (SLCO4A1-AS1), a newly discovered lncRNA, may exert effects in tumors. Since its role in gastric cancer remains obscure, we sought to explore the mechanism of SLCO4A1-AS1 in gastric cancer. The relationship among SLCO4A1-AS1, miR-149-5p, and STAT3 was detected by bioinformatics, dual luciferase analysis, and Pearson’s test, and the expressions of these genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Moreover, CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell analysis were performed to verify the function of SLCO4A1-AS1 in gastric cancer. Rescue experiments were used to detect the role of miR-149-5p. The expressions of SLCO4A1-AS1 and STAT3 were increased, while the expression of miR-149-5p was suppressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. In addition, STAT3 expression was negatively correlated with miR-149-5p expression but was positively correlated with SLCO4A1-AS1 expression. Overexpression of SLCO4A1-AS1 promoted cell viability, migration, invasion, and STAT3 expression but suppressed apoptosis, while knockdown of SLCO4A1-AS1 had the opposite effect. SLCO4A1-AS1 bound to miR-149-5p and targeted STAT3. Moreover, miR-149-5p mimic inhibited the malignant development of gastric cancer cells and obviously reversed the function of SLCO4A1-AS1 overexpression. Our research reveals that abnormally increased SLCO4A1-AS1 expression may be an important molecular mechanism in the development of gastric cancer.

To observe the clinical efficacy of ‘Tong Du Yun Pi’ (Governor Vessel-unblocking and spleen-promoting) manipulation in treating infantile diarrhea in autumn. Eighty-four kids were divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method, with 42 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by oral administration of montmorillonite powder, and the observation group was given additional ‘Tong Du Yun Pi’ pediatric massage (tuina) treatment. After treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms scores, symptom improvement time, clinical efficacy and immune function indicators were compared between the two groups. After treatment, the total effective rate was 95.2% in the observation group versus 76.2% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P

There exists an increasing need for precision measurement & pointing control and extreme motion stability for current and future space systems, e.g., Ultra-Performance Spacecraft (UPS). Some notable technologies of realizing Ultra-Pointing (UP) ability have been developed particularly for Ultra-accuracy Ultra-stability Ultra-agility (3U) spacecraft over recent decades. Usually, Multilevel Compound Pointing Control Techniques (MCPCTs) are deployed in aerospace engineering, especially in astronomical observation satellites and Earth observation satellites. Modern controllers and/or algorithms, which are a key factor of MCPCTs for 3U spacecraft, especially the jitter phenomena that commonly exist in a UPS Pointing Control System (PCS), have also been effectively used in some UP spacecraft for a number of years. Micro-vibration suppression approaches, however, are often proposed to deal with low-level mechanical vibration or disturbance in the microgravity environment that is common for UPS. This latter approach potentially is one of the most practical UP techniques for 3U tasks. Some emerging advanced Disturbance-Free Payload (DFP) satellites that exploit the benefits of non-contact actuators have also been reported in the literature. This represents an interesting and highly promising approach for solving some challenging problems in the area. This paper serves as a state-of-the-art review of UP technologies and/or methods which have been developed, mainly over the last decade, specifically for or potentially could be used for 3U spacecraft pointing control. The problems discussed in this paper are of reference significance to UPS and millisecond optical sensors, which are involved in Gaofeng Project, deep space exploration, manned space flight, and gravitational wave detection.

Metal-Graphene-Metal (MGM) UV photodetectors have been fabricated by using an Epitaxial Graphene (EG)/SiC junction on a semi-insulating 4H–SiC. The migration of carriers in the EG/SiC photodetectors under 365 nm light irradiation is clarified by introducing a top gate electrode. Besides, it is found that the response performance of EG/SiC photodetectors is affected by the geometric parameters of the graphene channel. When the graphene channel of the detector is reduced from multi-layer to single-layer and its aspect ratio (AR) is increased from 15 to 100, the detector shows a faster response under illumination that its rise time (tr) is reduced from about 20 s to 5 m s, and its decay time (td) reduced from far more than 20 s to 15 m s at a bias of 10 V. At the same time, the responsivity of the detector has been increased to 189.7 mA/V, its External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) has been increased to 66.6 % and its response signal becomes more stable. After systematic analysis, the geometric parameters of the graphene channel are proved to determine the number of carriers in it, the correlation between the response performance of EG/SiC photodetectors and the number of carriers in graphene is found out.

The fifth-generation of wireless communication (5G) is a promising paradigm toward massive interconnectivity within Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. However, because the data traffic throughput sharply increases with the number of IoT devices, a tremendous burden on the backhaul links and core networks results. With this in mind, mobile edge caching is an effective method that can relieve stress of the backhaul links, while decreasing the service latency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of jointly optimizing cooperative edge caching and radio resource allocation in 5G-enabled massive IoT networks. For that, a joint optimization long-term nonlinear integer programming problem is posed. This class of problems is known to be NP-hard; thus, to reduce the problem complexity, a divide and conquer scheme will be applied—the task at hand will be divided into two subproblems: 1) cooperative edge caching and 2) radio resource allocation. The cooperative edge caching subproblem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process. Herein, a deep reinforcement learning method to optimize the caching decisions for all the edge nodes. Then, based on the resulting optimal caching decisions, the radio resource allocation subproblem for each edge node is posed as an NLIP problem, and an improved branch-and-bound method is proposed to yield the optimal radio resource allocation decisions for each edge node. Extensive simulations were performed to confirm that the proposed methods have the capability of enhancing the content caching hit ratio, while lessening the content retrieving delays for 5G-enabled massive IoT networks—improving over various baseline algorithms.

This article presents a novel electromagnetic variable stiffness isolator that achieves bidirectional stiffness regulation, which means that the isolator experiences a reduced stiffness when the applied current is positive and an increased stiffness when the opposite current is applied. In addition, the stiffness variations are equal for two currents with the same magnitude but opposite polarities. The proposed isolator can not only ensure the vibration isolation performance in working frequency zone that is relatively far from the natural frequency, but also can realize high-damping-like effect for shock response attenuation, without introducing any additional damping components that may complicate the system. The bidirectional stiffness regulation was realized by combining mechanical springs with hybrid magnets (permanent magnets and coil windings). Variation in the overall stiffness of the proposed isolator occurred when the current was continuously adjusted. A prototype of the isolator was designed, fabricated, and then tested with a round displacement step shock at the base. The theoretical analysis revealed that this device could be utilized as an active vibration isolator through certain control strategies. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in shock isolation and revealed that it outperforms the conventional isolator in suppressing the residual vibration.

Achieving high interface thermal conductance is one of the biggest challenges in the nanoscale heat transport of GaN-based devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). In this work, we experimentally measured thermal boundary conductance (TBC) at interfaces between GaN and the substrates with AuSn alloy as a commonly-used adhesive layer by time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR). We find that the TBCs of GaN/Ti/AuSn/Ti/Si, GaN/Ti/AuSn/Ti/SiC, and GaN/Ti/AuSn/Ti/diamond, are 16.5, 14.8, and 13.2 MW·m−2·K−1 at room temperature, respectively. Our measured results show that the TBC of GaN/Ti/AuSn/Ti/SiC interface is inferior to the TBC of pristine GaN/SiC interface, due to the large mismatch of phonon modes between AuSn/Ti and substrates, shown as the difference of Debye temperature of two materials. Overall, we measured the TBC at interface between GaN and thermal conductive substrates, and provided a guideline for designing the interface between GaN and substrate at HEMT from a thermal management point of view.

BACKGROUND Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a group of ophthalmic diseases in which the optic nerve is injured causing blindness. However, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and clinical treatments of AION are yet elusive. Only a few related experimental or clinical reports are available on the disease. In this study, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to examine the morphology of thickness swelling and atrophic changes of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) in the different stages of AION that were then compared with the visual fields. Thus, the clinical value of mGCC examination was alleged to be similar to that of the visual field. AIM To explore the mGCC injury at different stages in AION and the clinical significance. METHODS Cases with AION were analyzed in a retrospective study. SD-OCT was used to analyze the correlation between mGCC and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses at different stages of AION and the changes in the corresponding stages of visual fields. RESULTS A total of 21 cases (28 eyes) presented AION. The onset time of AION was defined as early stage (within 3 wk of onset), middle stage (from 3 wk to 2 mo), and late stage (disease span > 2 mo). In the early stage, the mGCC thickness of SD-OCT was within the normal high limit, and the perioptic nerve fibers thickness was more than the normal. The changes in the visual field in early stage were not consistent with the swelling changes in mGCC and peri-disc nerve fibers. In addition, atrophy and thinning appeared in mGCC, and the perioptic nerve fibers were swollen. However, the thickness was lower in the middle period than that in the early stage. The change in visual field was consistent with that of mGCC in this period. In the late stage, mGCC shrank and thinned, and the thickness of the nerve fibers around the optic disc in the corresponding region shrank and thinned. CONCLUSION The changes in mGCC thickness in patients with AION showed early, middle, and late stages of development by SD-OCT. Although the early stage visual field changes of AION were not consistent with the swelling changes of mGCC, the horizontal delimitation or annular atrophy of mGCC was consistent with that in the middle and late stage of the disease. The atrophy of peripheral nerve fibers was later than that of the mGCC atrophy.

As the essential technology of human-robotics interactive wearable devices, the robotic knee prosthesis can provide above-knee amputations with functional knee compensations to realize their physical and psychological social regression. With the development of mechanical and mechatronic science and technology, the fully active knee prosthesis that can provide subjects with actuating torques has demonstrated a better wearing performance in slope walking and stair ascent when compared with the passive and the semi-active ones. Additionally, with intelligent human-robotics control strategies and algorithms, the wearing effect of the knee prosthesis has been greatly enhanced in terms of stance stability and swing mobility. Therefore, to help readers to obtain an overview of recent progress in robotic knee prosthesis, this paper systematically categorized knee prostheses according to their integrated functions and introduced related research in the past ten years (2010–2020) regarding (1) mechanical design, including uniaxial, four-bar, and multi-bar knee structures, (2) actuating technology, including rigid and elastic actuation, and (3) control method, including mode identification, motion prediction, and automatic control. Quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of robotic knee prosthesis-related techniques are conducted. The development trends are concluded as follows: (1) bionic and lightweight structures with better mechanical performance, (2) bionic elastic actuation with energy-saving effect, (3) artificial intelligence-based bionic prosthetic control. Besides, challenges and innovative insights of customized lightweight bionic knee joint structure, highly efficient compact bionic actuation, and personalized daily multi-mode gait adaptation are also discussed in-depth to facilitate the future development of the robotic knee prosthesis.

The torsional vibration is a technical problem during the rolling process, which seriously affects rolling stability and production efficiency. In order to study the influence of axis deviation of the rolling mill transmission system on torsional vibration, a reasonable dynamic model can be established to explore its dynamic characteristics. In this paper, considering the periodic excitation caused by the axis deviations and the torsional torque change under the torsional vibration, the nonlinear dynamic model of the transmission system was established. The simulation results show the energy input to the main transmission system approximately periodically through obtaining the drive energy of the rolling mill motor by the equivalent eccentric mass. The dynamic change of tension and friction moment of the strip is caused by the torsional vibration of the transmission system, which leads to an unstable energy conversion process in the rolling interface. Through the monitoring experiment data by taking the 7-stand tandem hot rolling mill of Chengde Steel Co. for example, the theory reliability was further verified. All these research results are significant to solving the torsional vibration problem of rolling mill drive system with axis deviations and provide references for the operation in the strip production process.

With the rapid development of urbanization, enormous amounts of vehicular services have been emerging and challenge both the architectures and protocols of the Internet of Vehicles. The high-speed mobility features of nodes in the vehicular networks changes the network topology frequently, resulting in low routing efficiency, and higher packet loss. In this article, we utilize software-defined networking (SDN) technology to decouple the network control plane from the data forwarding plane, and divide the vehicular networks into three functional layers: data, control, application layers. Based on the proposed network architecture, we propose an adaptive traffic engineering (TE) mechanism to guarantee the V2V continuous traffic in vehicular networks with high-speed mobile vehicles or dynamic network topology. In particular, the proposed TE is based on a proposed active network measurement mechanism under the assistance of the centralized management ability of the SDN technique. The proposed active network measurement approach is a greedy approach where the next hop determination for the measurement packet takes multiple link reliability factors (e.g., the delay, the length, the packet error rate, the neighbors, etc.) into account. Then, we utilize the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimize the TE mechanism that can be deployed and executed in the SDN controller. By the proposed TE mechanism, multiple candidate end-to-end paths can be concurrently measured, and the optimal data forwarding path can be adaptively switched. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach performs better than some recent research outcomes, especially in the aspect of performing reliable data forwarding (almost 5% better than the compared objects).

BACKGROUND We report a case of Intracardiac, pulmonary, and intravenous cement embolism after cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation in treating spondylolisthesis underlying osteoporotic bone, which was successfully managed by conservative treatment. We describe the treatment and outcome of the patient, hoping to shed light on the management of bone cement embolism. CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female suffered from progressive low back pain and numbness in lower extremities for 30 years. She was diagnosed with L4 and L5 spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, and osteoporosis. The patient underwent spinal canal decompression, an interbody fusion of L4/5 and L5/S1, cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation in L4-L5 segments, and regular pedicle screw in S1 segments. Three days postoperatively, a sudden drop in oxygen saturation occurred. Computerized tomography scan confirmed Intracardiac, pulmonary, and intravenous embolism. The patient was treated conservatively by continuous low-flow oxygen inhalation, anti-coagulation, and antibiotic therapy for 1 mo and continued anticoagulation treatment for 6 mo. The patient showed no further symptoms in a 30-mo follow-up. CONCLUSION Intracardiac, pulmonary cement embolism after cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation is extremely rare. Careful clinical and radiographic evaluation is required in multiple sites of bone cement embolism. Conservative treatment may be a primary consideration in scattered emboli without life-threatening conditions, but a clinical decision should be made on an individualized basis.

Due to the harsh deployment environment of the Industrial Internet of Things, the reliability of data transmission has always been an important challenge and a hot topic in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Based on a multiple sink node network model, we propose a reliable routing algorithm called SFPAG-R, which is based on sealed first-price auction games. The algorithm offers a route discovery process and data transmission mechanism using the multi-sink network structure. The classic sealed first-price auction game is improved, and we propose a sealed first-price auction game model based on standard normal distribution, in order to ensure that the auction nodes can obtain higher returns. Based on an analysis of the factors affecting reliable data transmission in a large-scale, industrial IoT system, a data forwarding auction game model is established. Finally, to address the issue of selfish nodes, a dynamic revenue control method is proposed to promote cooperation between nodes. The simulation results indicate that the SFPAG-R algorithm proposed in this paper can reliably reduce the average amount of hops that occur during data transmission, ensure a high rate of successful data transmission, balance network energy consumption, and prolong the network's life cycle.

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is a typical application of wireless network in underwater environment, which mainly uses acoustic communication at present. However, due to the characteristics of high bit error rate, very limited bandwidth and high transmission delay, the data transmission collision of underwater communication is very serious. In order to reduce transmission collision and improve network performance, we propose a collision-free time slot scheduling MAC protocol based on multi-level quorum system for high loaded UWSNs. The proposed protocol can allocate different time slots for nodes in the same collision area, while realize space reuse for nodes in different collision areas. Considering the unbalanced data transmission of each node, a multi-level quorum system algorithm is constructed for fairness, which can allocate time slots on demand according to the data transmission amount of each node. In order to ensure reliable transmission of data, a light weight retransmission mechanism is designed to reduce the impact of long delay on channel duty cycle. Simulation results prove that the proposed MAC protocol can effectively avoid transmission collision, reduce transmission delay, improve system energy efficiency, and have good adaptability for different network topologies.

To investigate the safety and efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty (FLAK) versus conventional penetrating keratoplasty (CPK). A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted for comparative studies published from January 2007 to October 2019. Studies that involved both FLAK and CPK groups and reported on the relevant efficacy and/or safety parameters were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to analyse the methodological quality of these studies. Further, weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. From the screened articles, a total of 1991 eyes from nine comparative studies were included. FLAK was not statistically superior for twelve-month postoperative best corrected visual acuity (WMD = − 0.06; 95% CI [− 0.16, 0.04]; P = 0.22), corneal astigmatism (WMD = − 0.81; 95% CI [− 1.63, 0.01]; P = 0.05) or six-month postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (WMD = − 0.11; 95% CI [− 0.27, 0.06]; P = 0.21). There were no significant differences in corneal graft rejection rate and the graft failure between FLAK and CPK at twelve months postoperative. However, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal astigmatism corrected with FLAK were better than those with CPK six months postoperative after elimination of data heterogeneity. Visual outcomes improvement in FLAK was better than that in CPK at six months postoperative, but not twelve months postoperative. This review recommends selecting a technique based on patients’ work demands and economic burdens.

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) can detect extremely weak optical signals and are mostly used in single-photon imaging, quantum communication, medical detection, and other fields. In this paper, a low dark count rate (DCR) single-photon avalanche diode device is designed based on the 180 nm standard BCD process. The device has a good response in the 450~750 nm spectral range. The active area of the device adopts a P+/N-Well structure with a diameter of 20 µm. The low-doped N-Well increases the thickness of the depletion region and can effectively improve the detection sensitivity; the P-Well acts as a guard ring to prevent premature breakdown of the PN junction edge; the isolation effect of the deep N-Well reduces the noise coupling of the substrate. Use the TCAD simulation tool to verify the SPAD’s basic principles. The experimental test results show that the avalanche breakdown voltage of the device is 11.7 V. The dark count rate is only 123 Hz when the over-bias voltage is 1 V, and the peak photon detection efficiency (PDE) reaches 37.5% at the wavelength of 500 nm under the 0.5 V over-bias voltage. PDE exceeds 30% in the range of 460~640 nm spectral range, which has a good response in the blue band. The SPAD device provides certain design ideas for the research of fluorescence detectors.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive (+) classical type invasive lobular carcinoma (cILC) of the breast is extremely rare and its clinicopathologic features have not been well characterized. We compared features of HER2(+) and HER2 negative (−) cILCs. A total of 29 cases were identified from the clinical database at our institution from 2011-2019, 9 were HER2(+) cILC tumors and 20 were HER2(−) cILC tumors. The results reveal that HER2(+) cILC group had significantly increased Ki-67 expression and reduced estrogen receptor (ER) expression compared to HER2(−) cILC group (both p &lt, 0.05). In addition, HER2(+) cILCs tended to be diagnosed at a younger age and more common in the left breast, and appeared to have a higher frequency of nodal or distant metastases. These clinicopathologic features suggest HER2(+) cILC tumors may have more aggressive behavior than their HER2(-) counterpart although both groups of tumors showed similar morphologic features. Future directions of the study: (1) To conduct a multi-institutional study with a larger case series of HER2(+) cILC to further characterize its clinicopathologic features, (2) to compare molecular profiles by next generation sequencing (NGS) assay between HER2(+) cILC and HER2(−) cILC cases to better understand tumor biology of this rare subset of HER2(+) breast cancer, and (3) to compare molecular characteristics of HER2(+) cILC and HER2(+) high grade breast cancer in conjunction with status of tumor response to anti-HER2 therapy to provide insight to management of this special type of low grade breast cancer to avoid unnecessary treatment and related toxicity

Background: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a particularly attractive intervention for achalasia. Presently, POEM has been reported to be effective and safe for achalasia in geriatric patients. Herein, this systematic review was conducted to explore the role of POEM in geriatric patients with achalasia. Method: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies evaluating the clinical outcome of POEM in geriatric patients with achalasia during January 2009 to October 2020. The primary outcomes were technical and clinical success. Secondary outcomes included postoperative Eckardt score, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, adverse events, and clinical reflux. Results: There were 7 studies with a total of 469 geriatric patients, and the pooled technical success of POEM treatment was 98.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.1–99.3%), and the pooled clinical success was 92.5% (95% CI, 89.3–94.8%). After POEM, the Eckardt score significantly decreased by 6.09 points (95% CI, 5.44–6.74, p < 0.00001), and the LES pressure significantly reduced by 13.53 mm Hg (95% CI, 5.14–21.91, p = 0.002). The pooled adverse events rate was 9.0% (95% CI, 4.3–17.9%), and the post-POEM clinical reflux rate was 17.4% (95% CI, 12.9–23.2%). Conclusion: Our current study demonstrated that POEM was an effective and safe technique for achalasia in geriatric patients.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has emerged as a rescue treatment for recurrent or persistent achalasia after failed initial management. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of POEM in achalasia patients with failed previous intervention. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases using the queries “achalasia,” “peroral endoscopic myotomy,” and related terms in March 2019. Data on technical and clinical success, adverse events, Eckardt score and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure were collected. The pooled event rates, mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RR) were calculated. A total of 15 studies with 2,276 achalasia patients were included. Overall, the pooled technical success, clinical success and adverse events rate of rescue POEM were 98.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96.6% to 98.8%), 90.8% (95% CI, 88.8% to 92.4%) and 10.3% (95% CI, 6.6% to 15.8%), respectively. Seven studies compared the clinical outcomes of POEM between previous failed treatment and the treatment naive patients. The RR for technical success, clinical success, and adverse events were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.01), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.04), and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.76), respectively. Overall, there was significant reduction in the pre- and post-Eckardt score (MD, 5.77; p

Background The diagnosis of pediatric pancreatitis has been increasing over the last 20 years. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics for pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) with adult AP, and investigate the risk factor for acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) in children. Method From June 2013 to June 2019, a total of 130 pediatric patients with AP at the inpatient database were enrolled. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for ARP in children. Result Major etiologic factors in 130 patients were biliary (31.5%), idiopathic (28.5%). The etiology of pancreatitis in children was markedly different from that in adults (p p = 0.018) and occurrence rate of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.041), SIRS (p = 0.021), acute peripancreatic fluid collection (p = 0.014). Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female (p = 0.020; OR 3.821; 95% CI 1.231–11.861), hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.045; OR 3.111; 95% CI 1.024–9.447), pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.023; OR 5.768; 95% CI 1.278–26.034) were the independent risk factors of ARP. Hypertriglyceridemia AP had the highest risk of recurrence compared to other etiology (p = 0.035). Conclusion Biliary and idiopathic disease were the major etiologies of AP in children. Children have simpler conditions than adults. Female, hypertriglyceridemia, and pancreatic necrosis were associated with the onset of ARP.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel cyclosporine formulation for dry eye disease (DED). Methods This is an exploratory, multicenter, single-blind, randomized, positive-controlled Phase II clinical trial between cyclosporine ophthalmic gel (CyclAGel) and an open-label comparator (Restasis, positive control). A total of 240 eligible patients with moderate to severe DED were randomized to 4 study groups: CyclAGel 0.05%/once daily (QD) (n = 59), CyclAGel 0.05%/BID (n = 60), CyclAGel 0.1%/QD (n = 60), and Restasis 0.05%/BID (n = 61). After receiving BID dosing of hypromellose eye drops during a 2-week run-in period, patients were randomized to the respective treatment group and dosed QD or BID for 12 weeks. Efficacy was assessed based on a number of sign and symptom end points, including eye dryness score (visual analog scale), 6 other parameters of symptoms for dryness (burning/stinging, itching, foreign body sensation, discomfort, sensitivity to light, and pain), and corneal fluorescein staining. The Schirmer test was used to assess dry eye symptoms (visual analog scale severity) at visit 3 (week 2), visit 4 (week 6), and visit 5 (week 12). Findings CyclAGel showed a consistent improvement in eye dryness score and the 6 other parameters of symptoms for dryness, corneal fluorescein staining, breakup time, and Schirmer test scores compared with Restasis over the 12-week treatment period. However, there were no statistically significant differences between CyclAGel and Restasis after baseline corrections were made, and the results of the full analysis set remained consistent with those of the per-protocol set (P > 0.05). Moreover, each CyclAGel-treated group (0.05%/QD, 0.05%/BID, and 0.1%/QD) exerted better effects than the Restasis group, and CyclAGel 0.05%/QD showed the most significant improvement. The number of ocular-related treatment-emergent adverse events was low in all treatment groups, with no serious drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events. Implications CyclAGel showed excellent safety, tolerability, and comfort profiles at 2 concentrations and frequency in moderate to severe DED.

Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (LDMOS-SCR) is usually used in Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection. LDMOS-SCR discharges current by parasitic SCR, but the MOS in it cannot work when parasitic SCR is stabilized. To further enhance the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) discharging capability of LDMOS-SCR, a novel high failure current LDMOS-SCR with 12 V operation voltage is fabricated and verified in a 0.18-um high-voltage Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process. Compared with conventional LDMOS-SCR, the novel LDMOS-SCR (LDMOS-SCR-R) introduced a heavily doped p-type region, which is located between the heavily doped n-type and p-type regions of Cathode and is connected with the gate. The adding p-well resistance can drop the voltage on the gate, and the gate with p-well resistance also has resistance and capacitance coupling effect. According to the results of the transmission line pulse test (TLP), the voltage applied to the gate by increasing the p-well resistance plays a major role in the device working mechanism. Under the same device size, LDMOS-SCR-R has higher It2 (8.6 A) than conventional LDMOS (2.21 A) or LDMOS-SCR (6.62 A) in TLP results. Compared with LDMOS-SCR, the failure current of LDMOS-SCR-R increases by 30 %, and the FOM of LDMOS-SCR-R increases by 34 %. The response of LDMOS-SCR-R is also faster than that of LDMOS-SCR under larger current conditions. In addition, the phenomenon in TLP results is consistent with simulation results. The proposed LDMOS-SCR-R can effectively increase failure current without affecting the device’s design window, and the additional p-type region will not increase the layout area.

A double-pole double-throw analog switch circuit structure with low power consumption, low on-resistance and capable of transmitting negative signals is designed in this paper, which has been developed in 0.18 μm BCD technology. The analog switch circuit is providing about 5 V high swing signal transmission for 2.7–5 V supply voltage in the temperature range of − 40 to 85 °C. The shortcomings of traditional analog switch structure are large on-resistance, large power consumption, etc. In this paper, the charge pump structure of the gate voltage bootstrap switch is designed to overcome the backgate effect, to control the turn-on and turn-off of each switching MOS transistor. A dynamic comparator structure is used to enhance the signal transmission capability, so that the analog switch can transmit negative signal. The measurement results show that under the voltage of 2.7–5 V, the overall designed circuit consumes 92 μW. The on-resistance of the analog switch is 3.9 Ω, and the leakage current is 12 nA. The analog switch has a good signal transmission and shutdown capabilities while occupying an area of 0.67 mm2.

Considering the variable cross section thickness of longitudinal profiled plate and the dynamic reductions of straightening rolls, an analytical model combining curvature integral method with linear decreasing straightening scheme was proposed to investigate the longitudinal profiled plate straightening process. Moreover, the calculation flow and solution algorithm of longitudinal profiled plate straightening process were presented. To verify the proposed model, calculated straightening forces were compared with the measured values, and very good agreements were achieved. Then, the reduction, contact angle, reverse bending curvature, residual curvature, straightening force and straightening moment of longitudinal profiled plate in the straightening process were calculated and analyzed, and the calculated results show that the curvature integral method can be used to reveal the mechanism of longitudinal profiled plate straightening.

To retrospectively analyze the pulmonary computed tomography (CT) characteristics and dynamic changes in the lungs of cured coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at discharge and reexamination.A total of 155 cured COVID-19 patients admitted to designated hospitals in Yunnan Province, China, from February 1, 2020, to March 20, 2020, were included. All patients underwent pulmonary CT at discharge and at 2 weeks after discharge (during reexamination at hospital). A retrospective analysis was performed using these two pulmonary CT scans of the cured patients to observe changes in the number, distribution, morphology, and density of lesions.At discharge, the lung CT images of 15 cured patients showed no obvious lesions, while those of the remaining 140 patients showed different degrees of residual lesions. Patients with moderate disease mostly had multiple pulmonary lesions, mainly in the lower lobes of both lungs. At reexamination, the lung lesions in the patients with moderate disease had significantly improved (P0.05), and the lung lesions in the patients with severe disease had partially improved, especially in patients with multi-lobe involvement (χ 2 =3.956, P0.05). At reexamination, the lung lesions of patients with severe disease did not show significant changes (P0.05).The pulmonary CT manifestations of cured COVID-19 patients had certain characteristics and variation patterns, providing a reference for the clinical evaluation of treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients.

To make a dual-direction silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) that is highly robust in a high-voltage environment, a gate-controlled dual-direction SCR (GC-DDSCR) device is proposed. After analyzing the working principle of the device through the equivalent circuit and 2-D device simulation, the electro-static discharge (ESD) characteristics of the device are verified through the transmission line pulse (TLP) test. The failure current of the GC-DDSCR structure is greatly improved to 14.19 A compared with only 3.53 A of the same size traditional dual-direction SCR (TDDSCR) structure. The trigger voltage and the holding voltage of the GC-DDSCR are 24.23 and 20.15 V, respectively. In addition, this article explains the principle of GC-DDSCR devices with high protection capability. That is, because the device has a polysilicon gate electrode shorted to the anode (cathode), the electric field effect generated by the gate promotes carrier movement in the SCR path. Thus, the electric field force promotes the opening of the SCR path of the device and the direction of the electric field force is always consistent with the current direction. The overall failure capability of the device is effectively improved.

Early-stage pulmonary nodule detection is challenging for Computer-aided Diagnosis systems (CADs) in clinical practice. It always relies on large-scale annotated pathological images. Unfortunately, the limited voxels of earlier-stage nodules can aggravate the risk of escaping diagnosis. Due to high-dose CT and bronchoscope potential threats, CT image super-resolution has become a suboptimal way to tackle the problem. Therefore, we proposed a deep generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture based on a deep grammar model, called FRGAN (Functional-Realistic GAN). By using region proposal network (RPN), the bottom semantic features are recommended and classified as the basic units of functional structure. Local pathological images can be hierarchically aggregated with corresponding to different semantic patterns as parse trees. Refer to their EMRs, and we use TreeGAN to generate the correct syntax patterns for each early-stage pulmonary nodule candidates. We report the generated results of the super-resolution images and feed them into a convolutional network to assess the functional loss of the generated results along to different parse trees. Within the contextual and generative losses, we rebuild a novel objective function paralleling with TreeGAN. The aim is to boost the sensibility of pulmonary nodule detection with more functional-realistic data augmentation. Experimental results show that our generator can faster generate more realistic SR images with pathological features. Moreover, it could be a data augmentation tool for some deep architecture to overcome sample imbalance.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 poses a major and urgent threat to global public health. CT findings associated with COVID-19 pneumonia from initial diagnosis until patient recovery. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze abnormal lung changes following initial computed tomography (CT) among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Yunnan, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a chest CT-based model for the diagnosis of COVID-19. METHODS: One hundred and nine patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed with the positive new coronavirus nucleic acid antibody who exhibited abnormal findings on initial CT were retrospectively analyzed. Thereafter, changes in the number, distribution, shape, and density of the lesions were observed. Further, the epidemiological, clinical, and CT imaging findings (+/-) were correlated. Following univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for significant factors, and models were established to evaluate the diagnostic ability of CT for COVID-19. RESULTS: Our results showed significant differences between patients with COVID-19 in epidemiological history (first, second, and third generation), clinical type (moderate, severe, and critical), and abnormal CT imaging characteristics (+/-) (P

With the continuous development of optoelectronic devices, parasitic capacitance of electrostatic protection device in the optoelectronic control circuit has become an important factor affecting its response speed. This work designs and manufactures a novel light-controlled dual-directional gate silicon-controlled rectifier (LDGSCR) to study the relationship between light and parasitic capacitance based on 0.18-μm bipolar—complementary metal-semiconductor—double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor process. The capacitance characteristics of LDGSCR is predicted and verified based on basic principles of the device, 3D device simulation, and capacitance–voltage characteristic C(V) test result. The results show that parasitic capacitance of LDGSCR is affected by both light and bias voltage due to selectivity of J2 junction to light wavelength. The parasitic capacitance of LDGSCR is interestingly divided into three stages of change as voltage increases under light, and the magnitude of capacitance increase varies with the change of light wavelength. In addition, the influence of darkness and light intensity on the parasitic capacitance of LDGSCR is studied. Finally, an optimal adjustment method that balances design windows of novel device and operating frequency of circuit is proposed. This work provides suggestions for the study of capacitance characteristics of light-controlled electrostatic protection devices.

In order to ensure safe mining and reduce surface damage in shallow multi-seam mining, the failure characteristics of interburden strata with different coal pillars offset distances between pillars in the upper and lower seams, the distribution characteristics of stress concentration in coal pillars, and the development characteristics of stratum cracks and subsidence were investigated by physical and UDEC2D simulation. Meanwhile, the effect of different coal pillar offset distances on stress concentration of coal pillar and development of stratum cracks were studied. Based on those results, a formula for safe mining and reducing surface damage was established, which provided a theoretical basis for safe and environmentally friendly mining in shallow multi-seam. According to the results, the optimal coal pillar offset distance (the side to side horizontal distance of the upper and lower coal pillars) between the upper and lower coal seams was developed to reduce the stress concentration of coal pillars and surface damage. The results of this study have been applied in Ningtiaota coal mine and have achieved good results in safe and environmentally friendly mining.

A novel microwave plasma etching technique was used to reveal various types of dislocation on the C-face of 4H-SiC. Etch pits formed on the C-face of 4H-SiC by H2–O2 plasma etching were observed using a laser confocal microscope. Combining the sectional views and morphology of the etch pit, three types of threading dislocations were identified. For further verification, the Si-face was etched in molten KOH and compared with the C-face. In order to comprehend the mechanism of the microwave plasma etching of the C-face, an etching rate experiment was carried out. The etching rate exhibited Arrhenius-type temperature dependence and the activation energy was 29.5 kcal mol−1, indicating a surface reaction limited process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the change in the chemical state of the C-face before and after plasma etching, so as to infer the chemical reaction that occurred during the etching process. This etching technique provides an affect method by which to investigate the propagation of dislocations in SiC crystals.

Caffeine is an alkaloid and may be the most commonly ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world, but continuous abuse may lead to “caffeine poisoning”. In this study, we propose a method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of caffeine in various medicines using terahertz spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. By comparing this terahertz (THz) spectroscopy technology (Fourier transform infrared instrument, FTIR) with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy, we prove that there is less than a 5% difference between the THz and HPLC results, which is far superior to the nondestructive testing results obtained using Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the quantitative analysis of caffeine in 86 medicines was conducted using the support vector regression (SVR) chemometric method, and the correlation coefficient R achieves 99.61%. Therefore, we have effectively proven that THz spectroscopy technology combined with chemometric can achieve nondestructive, fast, and efficient qualitative and quantitative detection of key ingredients in medicines.

The Polar Silk Road (PSR) will open up China’s maritime trade route through the Arctic to Northwest Europe and affect the freight function structure of China’s coastal ports. This study evaluates p...

Background. Albuvirtide is a once-weekly injectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 fusion inhibitor. We present interim data for a phase 3 trial assessing the safety and efficacy of albuvirtide plus lopinavir-ritonavir in HIV-1-infected adults already treated with antiretroviral drugs. Methods. We carried out a 48-week, randomized, controlled, open-label non-inferiority trial at 12 sites in China. Adults on the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended first-line treatment for >6 months with a plasma viral load >1000 copies/mL were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive albuvirtide (once weekly) plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (ABT group) or the WHO-recommended second-line treatment (NRTI group). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with a plasma viral load below 50 copies/mL at 48 weeks. Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 12%. Results. At the time of analysis, week 24 data were available for 83 and 92 patients, and week 48 data were available for 46 and 50 patients in the albuvirtide and NRTI groups, respectively. At 48 weeks, 80.4% of patients in the ABT group and 66.0% of those in the NRTI group had HIV-1 RNA levels below 50 copies/mL, meeting the criteria for non-inferiority. For the per-protocol population, the superiority of albuvirtide over NRTI was demonstrated. The frequency of grade 3 to 4 adverse events was similar in the two groups; the most common adverse events were diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, and grade 3 to 4 increases in triglyceride concentration. Renal function was significantly more impaired at 12 weeks in the patients of the NRTI group who received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate than in those of the ABT group. Conclusions. The TALENT study is the first phase 3 trial of an injectable long-acting HIV drug. This interim analysis indicates that once-weekly albuvirtide in combination with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir is well tolerated and non-inferior to the WHO-recommended second-line regimen in patients with first-line treatment failure. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02369965; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No. ChiCTR-TRC-14004276; http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx

Background. The reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fracture is a distinct fracture pattern that is mechanically different from most inter-trochanteric fractures and the optional treatment of it is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the efficacy of a novel nail (medial support nail [MSN-II]) and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA-II) in the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesfrogen/Orthopedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] 31-A3.1) using finite-element analysis. Methods. Modeling software was used to establish a three-dimensional model of MSN-II and PFNA-II and an A3.1 inter-trochanteric fracture model. Abaqus software was used to implement different force loads to compare finite-element biomechanical parameters such as the maximum stress in implant and the displacement of fracture site. Results. The femoral stress, implant stress and fracture site displacement of MSN-II was less than that of PFNA-II. The results indicated that the maximal femoral stress was 581 MPa for PFNA-II and 443 MPa for the MSN-II. The maximum stress values in the PFNA-II and MSN-II models were 291 and 241 MPa, respectively. The maximal displacements of the fracture site were 1.47 and 1.16 mm in the PFNA-II and MSN-II models, respectively. Conclusion. Compared with PFNA-II for inter-trochanteric fracture (AO/OTA 31-A3.1), MSN-II which was designed with a triangular stability structure can provide better biomechanical stability. The MSN-II may be a feasible option for the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fracture.

This study proposes an output capacitor-less linear regulator with high power supply rejection (PSR) for a wireless power transmission system. To achieve high PSR with a noisy input voltage, a fully integrated linear regulator with its reference circuit supplied by the output voltage is proposed. The proposed technique can isolate the reference circuit from the noisy $\text{V}_{IN}$ , thereby reducing the requirements of the conventional bulky low-pass filter loading the reference voltage node while achieving superior PSR performance. The regulator uses an N-type pass transistor and a dual-feedback structure to achieve wideband ripple-filtering and fast transient responses. The proposed regulator is compatible with typical biomedical implants requiring a 10mA load current at 1.1V output voltage while consuming a total quiescent current of $276~\mu $ A. A PSR performance was measured to be −48 and −56 dB against the $\text{V}_{IN}$ and charge pump at 10 MHz, respectively. The unity gain bandwidth (UGB) of the regulator was 291MHz. The proposed regulator was fabricated using commercial TSMC 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology with an area of 0.1054 mm2 including the reference circuit.

Epilepsy is a chronic nervous system disease. Excessive increase of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the body results in an imbalance of neurotransmitters and excessive excitation of neurons, leading to epileptic seizures. Long-term recurrent seizures lead to behavior and cognitive changes, and even increase the risk of death by 2- to 3-fold relative to the general population. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear. Therefore, in the present study, SB203580 was used to inhibit the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rats, and the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 in the brain tissue of rats with acute LiCl-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus was detected. SB203580 decreased pathological damage of hippocampal neurons, prolonged seizure latency, reduced the frequency of seizures, and decreased levels of A1R and ENT1 protein in rats.

The present study explores the underlying mechanism of problems at home and proactive customer service performance (PCSP) in the hospitality industry. Integrating conservation of resources theory a...

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of blood pressure in subclinical hypothyroidism by combining office blood pressure and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure. Methods: A total of 3078 adults voluntarily participants were enrolled in this study between December 2017 and November 2019. Among 1431 of them who did not fit exclusion criteria, 104 patients were with subclinical hypothyroidism (S-HYPO group), and 1327 were euthyroid participants (euthyroid group). Office blood pressure measurement and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were carried out to analyze the characteristics of blood pressure in subclinical hypothyroidism. Results: There was no statistical difference in office SBP and DBP between the S-HYPO group and the euthyroid group (P > 0.05). On the ambulatory blood pressure level, the daytime SBP, night-time SBP, night-time SBP, 24-h SBP and DBP in the S-HYPO group were significantly higher than those in the euthyroid group (P = 0.048, P = 0.002, P = 0.003, P = 0. 014, P = 0. 046, respectively), and the proportion of nondipper blood pressure in the S-HYPO group was higher than that in the euthyroid group. Comprehensive analysis of blood pressure inside and outside the joint clinic revealed that the S-HYPO group was independently related to sustained hypertension and masked hypertension but not to white-coat hypertension (P = 0.004, P = 0.002, P = 0.886, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and other confounding factors, the above differences were still statistically significant (P

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) system is a novel networking technology that connects smart communication devices through Internet-enabled infrastructure to enhance wireless communications. The explosive growth of IoT devices connectivity has increased energy consumption drastically that raises economic and physical environment concerns. To meet the challenges posed by high energy consumption, energy efficiency has become an urgent need for IoT networks recently. This article examines resource allocation and formulates the joint optimization problem for power allocation and user selection subject to the maximum transmit power and different Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements, to achieve an improved energy efficiency performance in IoT networks under channel uncertainty. Furthermore, the formulated optimization problem is mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) with no practical solutions. Due to the nonconvexity and NP-hardness of the MINLP problem, the primal optimization problem is transformed into a convex problem and solved optimally for power allocation and user selection, by applying the Lagrangian dual decomposition method and the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm, respectively. An efficient joint iterative algorithm is proposed to maximize energy efficiency performance with guaranteed convergence within few numbers of iterations. The numerical results validate the robustness of the proposed algorithm and significantly show its superior performance as compared with the baseline algorithms.

With the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), various services are emerging with totally different features and requirements, which cannot be supported by the current fifth generation of mobile cellular networks (5G). The future sixth generation of mobile cellular networks (6G) is expected to have the capability to support new and unknown services with changing requirements. Hence, in addition to enhancing its capability by 10–100 times compared with 5G, 6G should also be intelligent and open to adapt to the ever-changing services in the IoT, which requires a convergence of Communication, Computing and Caching (3C). Based on the analysis of the requirements of new services for 6G, this paper identifies key enabling technologies for an intelligent and open 6G network, all featured with 3C convergence. These technologies cover fundamental and emerging topics, including 3C-based spectrum management, radio channel construction, delay-aware transmission, wireless distributed computing, and network self-evolution. From the detailed analysis of these 3C-based technologies presented in this paper, we can see that although they are promising to enable an intelligent and open 6G, more efforts are needed to realize the expected 6G network.