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The cerebral ischemic stroke is a major type of stroke characterized by brain injury, neurological deficits, and cognitive impairments, which accounts for increased disability and mortality worldwide. The present study focusses to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ononin against the ischemic stroke induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury via suppression of I/R injury stimulated neuroinflammation in rat model. Animals were separated into four groups as Sham, I/R induced, I/R + ononin pretreated (10 mg/kg body weight), and I/R + ononin pretreated (20 mg/kg body weight). The ischemic stroke was stimulated in animals by middle artery occlusion method as described previously. The infarct volume, brain edema, and neurological deficits were studied by standard methods. The oxidative stress markers like SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, MDA, and acetylcholinesterase were assessed by previously described methods. The contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed using assay kits. The in vitro studies were performed using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The level of Ononin given at 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight resulted in increase in water content, reduced volume of infarct, improved neurological deficit score, and exerted its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective efficacy against cerebral I/R injury-induced rats. Increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression was observed in cerebral I/R injury-stimulated rats. Oxygen glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury showed reduction in cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells which was attenuated following treatment with ononin at varying concentrations. Ononin has reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in vitro. Thus, ononin has successfully attenuated I/R injury-induced neuroinflammation in rats and thus minimized neuronal injury. Therefore, all the findings of the study depicts that ononin can thus be used as a beneficiary move toward treatment of cerebral I/R injury.

Zhanglei Mu,1 Yanjun Gao,2 Kun Li,1 Hualong Liu,3 Jianzhong Zhang1 1Department of Dermatology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Fuping Hospital Affiliated to The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Fuping Hospital Affiliated to The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jianzhong ZhangDepartment of Dermatology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-10-88325472Email rmzjz@126.comPurpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) among hospital staff and compare it with the general population in dermatology.Subjects and Methods: We carried out the study in a secondary hospital in China. We conducted face-to-face interviews with hospital staff and the outpatients and their accompanying persons (general population) visiting the dermatology clinic of the hospital. The severity of AGA was evaluated using the Hamilton–Norwood and Ludwig classifications.Results: There were 297 subjects in the hospital staff (105 men and 192 women) and 318 subjects in the general population (109 men and 209 women). The prevalence of AGA among male and female staff was 42.9% and 13.0%, respectively, and the corresponding rates among general male and female population were 27.5% and 8.1%, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of AGA between female staff and general female population. Among male staff, type IV was the most common type of hair loss (17.1%), and type IVa and type Va were the least common (1.0%). Among female staff, type I (6.3%) was the most common type of hair loss, and type III and male pattern hair loss were the least common (1.0%). A positive family history was found in 53.3% of male and 44.0% of female staff with AGA.Conclusion: The prevalence of AGA in the male staff was higher than that in the general male population.Keywords: androgenetic alopecia, China, prevalence, hospital staff

Aims. The prognostic value of plasma D-dimer in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. The study is aimed at investigating the relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and in-hospital heart failure (HF) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods. STEMI patients who underwent pPCI were enrolled in this study. Venous blood samples were collected from patients on admission before pPCI procedure. The study endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital HF. The participants were divided into two groups according to plasma D-dimer levels and further compared baseline D-dimer levels between male and female. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to evaluate the relationship of D-dimer and in-hospital HF. Results. A total of 778 patients were recruited in the study, of which 539 (69.3%) patients had normal D-dimer levels (≤0.5 mg/L) while 239 (30.7%) had increased D-dimer levels (>0.5 mg/L). The female patients have higher D-dimer levels and higher incident rate of in-hospital HF than that in male patients ( p < 0.001 ). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that D-dimer was an independent predictor for in-hospital HF in overall population (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.197, 95% CI: 1.003-1.429, and p = 0.046 ) and female patients (adjusted OR: 1.429, 95% CI: 1.083-1.885, and p = 0.012 ). Conclusion. Increased plasma D-dimer levels were an independent risk factor for incidence of in-hospital HF in STEMI patients who underwent pPCI, especially in female patients, which provides guidance for clinicians in identifying patients at high risk of developing HF and lowering their risk.

Photoanode material, due to its wide applications in photoelectrochemistry, has attracted much attention. In this work, tin-doped BiOCl (BiOCl-Sn) is prepared through a simple and effective method. A photoelectrochemical cell system with BiOCl-Sn as the photoanode is constructed. The short circuit current (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) are measured to be 0.0516 mA·cm−2 and 0.26 V. Both Mott–Schottky curve and valence band spectra prove that Sn doping leads to a shift of the conduction band minimum downward. Meanwhile, the results of photocurrent and impedance measurements reveal that the Sn doping accelerates the photocarriers separation. The photocatalytic redox properties of BiOCl-Sn are investigated by rhodamine B degradation and nitrogen fixation.

Purpose: To study the anti-inflammatory influence of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in mice with acute pancreatitis (AP), and to determine the underlying mechanism.Methods: A total of 75 healthy ICR male mice were randomly divided into control, mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), MAP+DEX, severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and SAP+DEX groups, with 15 mice/group. Blood levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and norepinephrine were assayed ineach group. Western blotting was used to assay the protein expressions of NLRP3 and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the pancreatic tissue of each group.Results: The levels of inflammatory factors in the MAP+DEX group were markedly lower than those in the MAP group after 10 h of MAP induction (p < 0.01). Mice in MAP+DEX group had significantly lower expression of NLRP3 in pancreatic tissue, and significantly higher NET protein level, relative to the MAP mice. Following 10 h of SAP, concentrations of the inflammatory factors and the pancreatic expression of NLRP3 were lower in SAP+DEX-treated mice than in SAP mice, while NET protein was significantly higher in SAP mice (p < 0.01).Conclusion: DEX reduces the expressions of inflammation-related factors TNF-α and IL-1β, and inhibits inflammatory response in mice with AP via downregulation of NET protein expression via inhibition of NLRP3 and early sympathetic events. Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, NLRP3 inflammasome, Sympathetic nerve, Acute pancreatitis, Inflammatory response

As an indispensable part of the mechanical manufacturing system, the wear state of the tool will affect the productivity and machining quality. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately predict its remaining useful life (RUL). This paper proposes a non-autoregressive dual-stage attention-based long-short term memory network (DA-LSTM) for tool RUL prediction. The dual-stage attention mechanism of the proposed method can adaptively assign attention weights to the input features and the context vectors output by the LSTM encoder, thereby improving the performance of the model without manual feature selection. Validation experiments are conducted on a real public dataset, and the experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has better performance in short-term and medium-term RUL prediction tasks.

In this paper, a method of industrial time series data cleaning using generative LSTM model and adaptive confidence interval is proposed. Firstly, the generative LSTM model is used to predict the probability distribution of industrial time series data, and then the confidence boundary of data anomalies is calculated according to the adaptive confidence interval method, so as to judge whether the data is abnormal or not. This paper uses network open data to complete data cleaning experiment, and the precision rate and recall rate of abnormal data detection are above 96%. The comparison with other anomaly detection algorithms also proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in industrial time series data cleaning.

Background In the present study, we aimed to examine the correlation of serum levels of MMP-9, ADMA, and sCD40L with the occurrence and severity of acute ischemic stroke. Methods All routines analyses were performed using a Cobas platform. MMP-9, ADMA, and sCD40L were measured using ELISA kit. Results Compared with the controls, the stroke group showed higher MMP-9,higher sCD40L and higher ADMA. There were significant positive correlations between the NIHSS scores and MMP-9, sCD40L and ADMA. Conclusions Our study indicated that serum levels of MMP-9, sCD40L, and ADMA are associated with ischemic stroke and are correlated with the NIHSS scores at admission.

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the association between hyperattenuated lesions (HALs) and postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (IH) and predict perioperative IH through quantitative analysis of HALs in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO) after endovascular therapy (ET).Materials and Methods: This retrospective, propensity-matched study enrolled AIS who received ET from a single-center registry study between August 2017 and May 2020. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: IH and non-IH, by follow-up postoperative CT. The occurrences of HALs on immediate CT after ET were also recorded. The association between IH and HALs after propensity score matching (PSM) was determined by binary logistic regression models. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of the highest CT Hounsfield units (HU) value on immediate CT.Results: Initially, 1,418 patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography were reviewed and 114 AIS patients with immediate postoperative CT and follow-up CT after ET were enrolled. Forty-nine out of the 114 patients developed IH after therapy. After PSM analysis, patients with IH were more likely to have HALs on immediate CT (Odds Ratio, OR 11.9, P = 0.002, and 95% CI: 2.485–57.284). For 80 patients with HALs, ROC analysis of the highest CT value in the HALs territory showed that the cut-off value was 97 HU, the sensitivity was 70.21%, and the specificity was 81.82%.Conclusions: Patients with HALs after ET are more likely to have perioperative IH. The highest CT value in the HALs area might be used to predict IH.

Abstract Background The role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3 Associated Protein (MCM3AP) Antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1) has been analyzed in liver cancer. But its role in osteoarthritis (OA) is unknown. Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted that MCM3AP-AS1 may interact with miR-142-3p, which is a major player in OA. This study aimed to investigate the roles of MCM3AP-AS1 in OA and to explore its interactions with microRNA miR-142-3p. Methods Differential expressions of MCM3AP-AS1 in OA patients and healthy participants were analyzed by performing quantitative PCR (qPCR). To analyze the relationship between MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-142-3p, human chondrocytes were transfected with MCM3AP-AS1 over-expression vector and miR-142-3p mimic. MCM3AP-AS1, miR-142-3p and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) mRNA expression levels were measured by qPCR. Results We found that MCM3AP-AS1 was up-regulated in OA. Bioinformatics analysis showed that MCM3AP-AS1 may interact with miR-142-3p, which can inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes. In addition, over-expression of MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-142-3p failed to affect the expression of each other. Instead, MCM3AP-AS1 over-expression led to up-regulated expressions of HMGB1, which is a target of miR-142-3p. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment led to the up-regulated expressions of MCM3AP-AS1 in chondrocytes. In cell apoptosis assay, MCM3AP-AS1 and HMGB1 over-expression led to increased apoptotic rate of chondrocytes. MiR-142-3p over-expression played an opposite role and attenuated the effects of MCM3AP-AS1 over-expression. Conclusions MCM3AP-AS1 may regulate miR-142-3p/HMGB1 to promote LPS-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.

Purpose: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) frequently occurs during a treatment course of chest radiotherapy, which significantly reduces the clinical outcome and efficacy of radiotherapy. The ability to easily predict RP before radiotherapy would allow this disease to be avoided.Methods and Materials: This study recruited 48 lung cancer patients requiring chest radiotherapy. For each participant, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on a peripheral blood sample before radiotherapy. The RNA-Seq data was then integrated into a genome-scale flux analysis to develop an RP scoring system for predicting the probability of occurrence of RP. Meanwhile, the clinical information and radiation dosimetric parameters of this cohort were collected for analysis of any statistical associations between these parameters and RP. A non-parametric rank sum test showed no significant difference between the predicted results from the RP score system and the clinically observed occurrence of RP in this cohort.Results: The results of the univariant analysis suggested that the tumor stage, exposure dose, and bilateral lung dose of V5 and V20 were significantly associated with the occurrence of RP. The results of the multivariant analysis suggested that the exposure doses of V5 and V20 were independent risk factors associated with RP and a level of RP ≥ 2, respectively. Thus, our results indicate that our RP scoring system could be applied to accurately predict the risk of RP before radiotherapy because the scores were highly consistent with the clinically observed occurrence of RP.Conclusion: Compared with the standard statistical methods, this genome-scale flux-based scoring system is more accurate, straightforward, and economical, and could therefore be of great significance when making clinical decisions for chest radiotherapy.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely applied as additives in foods due to their excellent whitening and brightening capability. Although the toxicity and antibacterial activity of TiO2-NPs have been extensively studied, their impact on the gut microbiota in vivo still remains unclear, especially in animals with gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study, healthy mice and TNBS-induced colitis mice were administered with TiO2-NPs (38.3 ± 9.3 nm) orally at a dose of 100 mg per kg bw daily for 10 days to study the impact of TiO2-NPs on the gut microbiota and colitis development. Moreover, the mechanism of TiO2-NPs on the gut microbiota was also discussed when the colitis mice were additionally administered with vitamin E to remove ROS. Changes in the microbiota community structure and gut-associated function prediction were analyzed through bioinformatics. The result showed that the oral administration of TiO2-NPs mitigated colitis symptoms by reducing the DAI and CMDI scores and TNF-α level. Furthermore, 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that the structure and function prediction of gut microbiota could be modified in healthy mice and colitis mice after exposure to TiO2-NPs, but the opposite physiological effect occurred since the dominant flora varied in these two groups. Moreover, vitamin E intervention did not change the effects of TiO2-NPs on the microbiota community structure and gut-associated function, which indicates that the mechanism of the biological effects of TiO2-NPs on the gut microbiota may not be associated with their ability to induce the generation of ROS. In summary, our work firstly found that TiO2-NPs could regulate the gut microbiota of colitis mice and participate in the mitigation of TNBS-induced acute colitis, and the capability of TiO2-NPs to induce the generation of ROS inducement did not contribute to this process.

Atomic clauses are fundamental text units for understanding complex sentences. Identifying the atomic sentences within complex sentences is important for applications such as summarization, argument mining, discourse analysis, discourse parsing, and question answering. Previous work mainly relies on rule-based methods dependent on parsing. We propose a new task to decompose each complex sentence into simple sentences derived from the tensed clauses in the source, and a novel problem formulation as a graph edit task. Our neural model learns to Accept, Break, Copy or Drop elements of a graph that combines word adjacency and grammatical dependencies. The full processing pipeline includes modules for graph construction, graph editing, and sentence generation from the output graph. We introduce DeSSE, a new dataset designed to train and evaluate complex sentence decomposition, and MinWiki, a subset of MinWikiSplit. ABCD achieves comparable performance as two parsing baselines on MinWiki. On DeSSE, which has a more even balance of complex sentence types, our model achieves higher accuracy on the number of atomic sentences than an encoder-decoder baseline. Results include a detailed error analysis., Comment: To appear in the proceeding of 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2021) Main Conference

Source-based writing is an important academic skill in higher education, as it helps instructors evaluate students’ understanding of subject matter. To assess the potential for supporting instructors’ grading, we design an automated assessment tool for students’ source-based summaries with natural language processing techniques. It includes a special-purpose parser that decomposes the sentences into clauses, a pre-trained semantic representation method, a novel algorithm that allocates ideas into weighted content units and another algorithm for scoring students’ writing. We present results on three sets of student writing in higher education: two sets of STEM student writing samples and a set of reasoning sections of case briefs from a law school preparatory course. We show that this tool achieves promising results by correlating well with reliable human rubrics, and by helping instructors identify issues in grades they assign. We then discuss limitations and two improvements: a neural model that learns to decompose complex sentences into simple sentences, and a distinct model that learns a latent representation.

Semantic representation that supports the choice of an appropriate connective between pairs of clauses inherently addresses discourse coherence, which is important for tasks such as narrative understanding, argumentation, and discourse parsing. We propose a novel clause embedding method that applies graph learning to a data structure we refer to as a dependency-anchor graph. The dependency anchor graph incorporates two kinds of syntactic information, constituency structure, and dependency relations, to highlight the subject and verb phrase relation. This enhances coherence-related aspects of representation. We design a neural model to learn a semantic representation for clauses from graph convolution over latent representations of the subject and verb phrase. We evaluate our method on two new datasets: a subset of a large corpus where the source texts are published novels, and a new dataset collected from students’ essays. The results demonstrate a significant improvement over tree-based models, confirming the importance of emphasizing the subject and verb phrase. The performance gap between the two datasets illustrates the challenges of analyzing student’s written text, plus a potential evaluation task for coherence modeling and an application for suggesting revisions to students.

Printers emitted nanoparticles (NPs), ozone (O3) and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) during operation that elicited adverse effects on indoor air quality of the printing room, which may affect the health of exposed workers. The aim of this work was to explore the health effects of occupational exposure to printer emissions on workers, especially cardiovascular and lung function. We sampled particles in the print shop for characterization, including particle size distribution and elemental composition, and measured PM1 number concentrations in print shops and other workplaces. We assessed blood pressure, heart rate and pulmonary function in 53 printing room workers and 54 controls in Beijing, China. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine health effects of exposure to printer emissions. The PM1 number concentration in the print shop was more than 2 times that of the control group. Compared with controls, the exposed workers with lower education and income had heavier workload with a median of 7 days per week and 12 h per day on working days, and presented cardiopulmonary function injury with increased the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The most significant changes of cardiopulmonary function were found in exposed workers with more than 10 years of working age. Multiple linear regression also showed printer emissions exposure was associated with increased SBP and MAP, while decreased lung function indices. This study found changes in the cardiopulmonary function of staff members exposed to printer emissions, which prompted the necessity and urgency of improving the environment of printing rooms and protecting the health of exposed workers.

BACKGROUND Our previous study found that lower lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is an independent risk factor of clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, whether lower LMR is independently associated with adverse prognosis of AIS treated with thrombolysis has not been determined. In this study, we explored the relationship between LMR and prognosis of AIS treated with thrombolysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 108 patients treated with thrombolysis. LMR was calculated according to lymphocyte count and monocyte count on admission. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to LMR values on admission (group 1 LMR >4.34, group 2 LMR 2.79 to 4.34, group 3 LMR

Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is associated with diverse malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. However, it has not yet been identified whether LMR is correlated with stroke severity and prognosis. We aimed to explore the relationship between LMR and stroke severity, prognosis, and the predictive value of LMR on a 3-month functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).A total of 512 patients were enrolled in this study. Baseline demographic and clinical data of all patients were collected. Based on the LMR value on admission (4.83, 2.97-4.83,2.97), patients were divided into 3 groups. Moderate to severe stroke was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 6 or higher. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3 or higher. We used the Spearman rank correlation to evaluate the relationship between LMR and stroke severity. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors of stroke severity and prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the predictive value of LMR on prognosis.LMR was inversely correlated with stroke severity (r = -.014, P = .019). Moreover, LMR was an independent protective factor of stroke severity (odds ratio [OR] .891, 95% confidence interval [CI] .815-.973, P = .010) and prognosis (OR .507, 95% CI .437-.590, P .001). ROC indicated that an LMR lower than 2.99 predicted a poor outcome, with a sensitivity of 69.3% and a specificity of 86.6%.A lower LMR on admission was independently associated with severe stroke and 3-month poor outcome in patients with AIS.

OBJECTIVE The optimal time to initiate antihypertensive therapy among patients with acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain. We tested the effects of blood pressure reduction among patients with acute ischemic stroke according to time from onset to initiation of antihypertensive treatment. METHODS We randomly assigned 4071 acute ischemic stroke patients with elevated SBP to receive antihypertensive treatment or to discontinue all antihypertensive medications during hospitalization. The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability, and secondary outcomes included the modified Rankin score, recurrent stroke, vascular disease events, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS At 24 h after randomization, the differences in SBP reductions were 8.7, 9.5, and 9.6 mmHg between the antihypertensive treatment and control groups among patients receiving treatment within less than 12, 12-23, and 24-48 h after stroke onset, respectively (P

The depth profile of electric-field-induced (EFI) optical rectification (OR) and EFI Pockels effect (PE) in a Si(110) crystal are investigated. The results show that EFI OR and PE signals are very sensitive to the electric field strength in the surface layers of the Si crystal. Theoretical formulas that include the electric field parameters and the widths of the space-charge region are presented and agreed very well with the experimental results. The experiments and simulations indicate that EFI OR and PE are potential methods for researching the surface/interface properties along the depth direction in centrosymmetric crystals such as Si.

Background: Surgical resection is the recommended procedure for colorectal cancer (CRC), but majority of the patients were diagnosed with advanced or metastatic CRC. Currently, there were inconsistent results about the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance colonography (MRC) and computed tomography colonography (CTC) in early CRC diagnosis. Our study conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic value of MRC and CTC for CRC surveillance. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library to select relevant studies. The summary sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRC and CTC, respectively. Result: Twenty-five studies including 2985 individuals were selected in the final analysis. Eight studies evaluated the diagnostic value of MRC, and 17 studies assessed CTC. The summary sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC in MRC for early detection of CRC were 0.98 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.80–1.00), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85–0.97), 15.48 (95% CI: 6.30–38.04), 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00–0.25), 115.09 (95% CI: 15.37–862.01), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99), respectively. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of CTC for diagnosing CRC were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.88–0.99), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00), 154.11 (95% CI: 67.81–350.22), 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.13), 642.51 (95% CI: 145.05–2846.02), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00). No significant differences were found between MRC and CTC for DOR in all the subsets. Conclusion: The findings of meta-analysis indicated that MRC and CTC have higher diagnostic values for early CRC diagnosis. However, the DOR for diagnosing CRC between MRC and CTC showed no significance.

Automatic joint detection is of vital importance for the teaching of robots before welding and the seam tracking during welding. For narrow butt joints, the traditional structured light method may be ineffective, and many existing detection methods designed for narrow butt joints can only detect their 2D position. However, for butt joints with narrow gaps and 3D trajectories, their 3D position and orientation of the workpiece surface are required. In this paper, a vision based detection method for narrow butt joints is proposed. A crosshair laser is projected onto the workpiece surface and an auxiliary light source is used to illuminate the workpiece surface continuously. Then, images with an appropriate grayscale distribution are grabbed with the auto exposure function of the camera. The 3D position of the joint and the normal vector of the workpiece surface are calculated by the combination of the 2D and 3D information in the images. In addition, the detection method is applied in a robotic seam tracking system for GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding). Different filtering methods are used to smooth the detection results, and compared with the moving average method, the Kalman filter can reduce the dithering of the robot and improve the tracking accuracy significantly.

Pyramid evaluation was developed to assess the content of paragraph length summaries of source texts. A pyramid lists the distinct units of content found in several reference summaries, weights content units by how many reference summaries they occur in, and produces three scores based on the weighted content of new summaries. We present an automated method that is more efficient, more transparent, and more complete than previous automated pyramid methods. It is tested on a new dataset of student summaries, and historical NIST data from extractive summarizers.

// Peirong He 1, 2, * , Suihai Wang 1, * , Xuefeng Zhang 1 , Yanjun Gao 1 , Wenbo Niu 1 , Ningning Dong 1 , Xiangyi Shi 1 , Yan Geng 2 , Qiang Ma 1 , Ming Li 1 , Bo Jiang 2 , Ji-Liang Li 1, 3 1 School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China 3 Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, U.K * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Bo Jiang, e-mail: drjiang@163.com Ji-Liang Li, e-mail: ji-liang.li@plymouth.ac.uk Keywords: gastric cancer, tetraspanin, tumour suppressor, cell cycle, biomarker Received: February 27, 2016 Accepted: April 26, 2016 Published: May 20, 2016 ABSTRACT Tetraspanins are believed to interact with specific partner proteins forming tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and regulate some aspects of partner protein functions. However, the role of Tspan5 during pathological processes, particularly in cancer biology, remains unknown. Here we report that Tspan5 is significantly downregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and closely associated with clinicopathological features including tumour size and TNM stage. The expression of Tspan5 is inversely correlated with patient overall survival and is an independent prognostic factor in GC. Upregulation of Tspan5 in tumour cells results in inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and suppression of xenograft growth of GC by reducing tumour cell proliferation in vivo. Thus, Tspan5 functions as a tumour suppressor in stomach to control the tumour growth. Mechanistically, Tspan5 inhibits the cell cycle transition from G1-S phase by increasing the expression of p27 and p15 and decreasing the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, pRB and E2F1. The correlation of Tspan5 expression with the expression of p27, p15, cyclin D1, CDK4, pRB and E2F1 in vivo are also revealed in xenografted tumours. Reconstitution of either cyclin D1 or CDK4 in Tspan5-overexpressing GC cells rescues the inhibitory phenotype produced by Tspan5, suggesting that cyclin D1/CDK4 play a dominant role in mediating the suppression of tumour growth by Tspan5 in GC. Our results suggest that Tspan5 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for predicting outcome of GC patients and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of GC and rational for the development of clinical intervention strategies against GC.

Pockel’s effect and optical rectification induced by the built-in electric field in the space charge region of a silicon surface layer are demonstrated in a ｛001｝-cut high-resistance silicon crystal. The half-wave voltage is about 203 V, deduced by Pockel’s effect. The ratio χzxx(2)/χzzz(2) is calculated to be about 0.942 according to optical rectification. Our comparison with the Kerr signal shows that Pockel’s signal is much stronger. This indicates that these effects are so considerable that they should be taken into account when designing silicon-based photonic devices.

Photoanode material, as the core component of photoelectrochemical cell, has attracted great research interest. Here, bromine doped Bi2O3 nanowires (BBON) are achieved through a simple top-down method. Bromine doping changes the chemical environment of bismuth and oxygen atoms, and also changes the band edge position. As a result, BBON photoanode with efficient charge separation shows excellent photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activity. The electricity generation property of BBON in the photoelectrochemical cell system is investigated. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) are measured to be 0.6045 μA/cm2 and 0.318 V, which is higher than that of bulk Bi2O3 photoanode. BBON is a possible candidate photoanode material and provides potential for electricity generation and pollutants degradation.

Magnesium nitride films were synthesized on silicon substrates by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (13.56 MHz) with a high-purity magnesium target and nitrogen as the working gas. The effects of the sputtering power and the growth temperature on the qualities of Mg3N2 films were investigated. As for Mg3N2 films synthesized at 773 K for 2 h with the sputtering power of 200 W, the intense Raman peak at 381 cm-1 with the Full width at half maximum of 8.3 cm-1 and the sharp X-Ray Diffraction peak of Mg3N2 (222) at 2θ=31.1° were observed, and the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra showed that the prepared Mg3N2 films have the intrinsic absorption edges of about 480 nm and the optical bandgap of 2.62 eV. Moreover, it was demonstrated that Boron nitride films can be used as not only protective layers to effectively prevent Mg3N2 films from being hydrolyzed, but also good optical windows.

Background Sorafenib is the only approved first line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the last decade. Tumour resistance to sorafenib has been of major obstacles to improve HCC patient survival. Methods We polarised THP-1 cells to M1 and M2 macrophages, performed various in vitro assays and developed sorafenib-resistant xenograft models to investigate the role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM)-secreted molecules in HCC resistance to the targeted therapy. Results We demonstrated M2, but not M1, macrophages not only promote proliferation, colony formation and migration of hepatoma cells but also significantly confer tumour resistance to sorafenib via sustaining tumour growth and metastasis by secreting hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF activates HGF/c-Met, ERK1/2/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways in tumour cells. Tumour-associated M2 macrophages were accumulated in sorafenib-resistance tumours more than in sorafenib-sensitive tumours in vivo and produced abundant HGF. HGF chemoattracts more macrophages migrated from surrounding area, regulates the distribution of M2 macrophages and increases hepatoma resistance to sorafenib in a feed-forward manner. Conclusions Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of sorafenib resistance in HCC and rationale for developing new trials by combining sorafenib with a potent HGF inhibitor such as cabozantinib to improve the first line systemic therapeutic efficacy.

Technology is transforming Higher Education learning and teaching. This paper reports on a project to examine how and why automated content analysis could be used to assess precis writing by university students. We examine the case of one hundred and twenty-two summaries written by computer science freshmen. The texts, which had been hand scored using a teacher-designed rubric, were autoscored using the Natural Language Processing software, PyrEval. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the relationship between the teacher score and the PyrEval score for each summary. Three content models automatically constructed by PyrEval from different sets of human reference summaries led to consistent correlations, showing that the approach is reliable. Also observed was that, in cases where the focus of student assessment centers on formative feedback, categorizing the PyrEval scores by examining the average and standard deviations could lead to novel interpretations of their relationships. It is suggested that this project has implications for the ways in which automated content analysis could be used to help university students improve their summarization skills.

Background Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is a subtype of dementia associated with abnormalities in the subcortical white matter regions. Recent imaging techniques can be used to detect such abnormalities in vivo. Purpose To examine morphological changes of the corpus callosum in patients with SIVD by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Material and Methods MRI was performed to explore changes of cerebral white matter, especially corpus callosum. Brain matter diffusivity was examined with DTI by measuring the fractional anisotropy (FA). Results of 30 patients diagnosed with SIVD and 30 healthy subjects were analyzed and compared. Results The thicknesses of the genu, the anterior third, middle, and posterior third of the body, and the splenium of the corpus callosum were smaller in SIVD patients compared to healthy controls (0.54 ± 0.08 vs. 0.68 ± 0.09 cm, P = 0.0011; 0.27 ± 0.06 vs. 0.38 ± 0.07 cm, P = 0.002; 0.28 ± 0.05 vs. 0.38 ± 0.08 cm, P = 0.009; 0.18 ± 0.04 vs. 0.26 ± 0.06 cm, P = 0.013; 0.54 ± 0.07 vs. 0.72 ± 0.09 cm, P = 0.003, respectively). The FA values of the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum in patients with SIVD were decreased compared to healthy controls (0.664 ± 0.042 vs. 0.778 ± 0.041, P Conclusion Patients with SIVD exhibit corpus callosum atrophy and morphological changes, and these characteristics may be useful for diagnosis.

This study was aimed to explore whether the omentin-1, a novel adipokine marker, could be a biomarker for stroke, as well as its association with stroke severity.This study included 239 patients with ischemic stroke. The serum omentin-1 level was determined and the stroke was evaluated when the patients were hospitalized. The control groups consisted of 108 patients with matched age, gender and prior vascular risk factors and 120 health control with matched age and gender. The stroke severity was assessed with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) when the patients were hospitalized, and NIHSS score 6 was evaluated as moderate-to-severe stroke.Omentin-1 level in serum samples of 239 stroke patients was determined, with the median value of 109.5 ng/ml [Inter Quartile Range (IQR), 78.4-142.9 ng/ml]. There was a negative relation between omentin-1 level and the infarct volume (r = -0.289, P = 0.001). The level of omentin-1 was significantly reduced in stroke patients than that of in control group 1 [125.3 (IQR, 95.8-158.7); P = 0.002] and control group 2 [146.5 (IQR, 116.2-177.3); P 0.001]. With the analysis of multivariate model, omentin-1 as a continuous variable was related to lowered stroke risk (odds ratios [OR] 0.994, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.990-0.998; P = 0.006). In addition, omentin-1 was an independent indicator for stroke severity (OR 0.992, 95% CI: 0.989-0.996). Levels of omentin-1 in the Q1 showed a relative risk of 2.66 (95% CI: 1.52-4.18) for moderate-to-severe stroke after adjusting for above possible confounders compared to reference category [Quartile (Q): 2-4].The data indicated a negative relation between omentin-1 level and risk of ischemic stroke. The omentin-1 could be promising indicator of stroke and its severity.

Sertraline, one of the oldest antidepressants, remains to be the most efficacious treatment for depression. However, major depression disorder (MDD) is characterized by altered emotion processing and deficits in cognitive control. In cognitive interference tasks, patients with MDD have shown excessive hypothalamus activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antidepressant treatment (sertraline) on hypothalamus-anchored resting brain circuitry. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on depressed patients(n=12)both before and after antidepressant treatment. After eight weeks of antidepressant treatment, patients with depression showed significantly increased connectivity between the hypothalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, putamen, caudate, and claustrum. By contrast, decreased connectivity of the hypothalamus-related areas was primarily located in the inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, cingulated gyrus, precuneus, thalamus, and cerebellum. After eight weeks of antidepressant therapy, 8 out of the 12 depressed subjects achieved 70% reduction or better in depressive symptoms, as measured on the Hamilton depression rating scale. Our findings may infer that antidepressant treatment can alter the functional connectivity of the hypothalamus resting brain to achieve its therapeutic effect.

In order to solve the problem that the information sharing level of educational resources is not high in the cloud computing environment, it is required to improve the design of educational resource information sharing algorithm in cloud computing environment. Therefore, an educational resource information sharing algorithm based on big data association mining and quasi-linear regression analysis is proposed. In this algorithm, information fusion and comprehensive measurement index system reconstruction are performed to resource distribution information of the educational resource database based on attribute type and semantic ontology characteristics. The simulation results show that the algorithm performs well in convergence during resource scheduling in educational resource information sharing and can provide average sharing level up to 0.9247, so this algorithm can be adopted to allocate resources in a balance way.

We present research on the development of a collaborative searching system for ecommerce shopping, based on domain specific requirements of retail shopping. We describe the design rationale for the system development and inclusion of collaborative search features, including search, chat, clipboard, product suggestions, shared views, and shopping cart. Our research goal is to understand whether collaborative searching tools are useful in supporting actual collaborative shopping tasks. In addition to describing the system development, we report findings from some preliminary user study. The findings highlight that collaborative search systems for domain specific areas such as online shopping can support collaborative searching, shared views, and group communication to aid in the completion of collaborative tasks.

With the social progress and development in China, market competition becomes increasingly fierce. In order to seek more long-term development, China has proposed higher requirements over the cause of education, which takes the training of comprehensive talents as the main objective and transmits more talents to promote social development. On this basis, it is an inevitable choice to apply a new teaching method in the general physics experiment course. As an innovative teaching method, peer instruction, in the practical application, can effectively stimulate students' interests in studies, get them actively involved, develop good experimental creation ability and physical literacy, train their logical thinking capacity, and have a far-reaching impact on the comprehensive development of students' overall quality. As a result, this paper mainly analyzes the application of peer instruction in the general physics experiment course, combines with the actual situation, and objectively describes its key application points and roles, in order to better enhance the teaching effects of the physics experiment course. In the traditional teaching, teacher is the main body of classroom, there is little interaction between teachers and students, students often do not dare to express their opinions, and teachers attach little importance to questions asked by students, which seriously inhibit students' learning efficiency. Such teaching conditions make it hard to doubt teachers. Nevertheless, in Western countries, this cramming teaching method has been replaced as early as the end of last century. They adopt new teaching methods, focus on the cultivation of students' self-learning ability and overall quality, encourage students to actively participate in learning and dare to doubt teachers, and carry out teaching discussions. After comparing with the current educational conditions between China and the US, relevant scholars have found that Chinese students study very hard, have very solid basic skills, and they are good at coping with all kinds of tests, yet they show poor practical abilities, inadequate flexibility, and do badly in asking questions and solving problems. In the teaching of physics experiment, Chinese students show defects in practical ability and innovation ability. The training of practical ability and innovation ability for college students has become a priority for the current teaching reform of the physics experiment course.

Based on the classical polarization theory, we studied and specified the physical mechanism of the electric-field-induced (EFI) Pockels effect and optical rectification in the space charge region of a near-intrinsic silicon sample with the planar capacitor structure. Especially, the effect of the applied DC bias on these EFI effects was investigated. The results show that the electro-optic signal from Pockels effect in silicon linearly increases with the applied DC voltage and the modulating voltage, and the signal of optical rectification is linearly enhanced by the DC bias as well, but the polarization characteristic of optical rectification does not vary. The enhancement of these EFI effects is mainly owed to the strengthening of the built-in field and the extension of the space charge region in the silicon sample. The Kerr effect of silicon was also detected and contrasted against the EFI Pockels effect, and it is verified that the EFI Pockels effect is much stronger than the Kerr effect in the silicon sample. These EFI effects are significant for the development of silicon photonics or silicon optoelectronics.

Different electro-optic effects, such as Kerr effect, Pockels effect induced by the electric field or strain, and plasma dispersion effect exist in silicon. Experimentally distinguishing these effects is necessary for designing silicon-based electro-optic devices. According to their different polarization dependencies and frequency responses, these effects are measured and distinguished successfully via a transverse electro-optic modulation experiment based on the near-intrinsic silicon sample. The results indicate that Pockels effect induced by the electric field or strain is primary among these effects in the near-intrinsic silicon sample.

In this Letter, we have demonstrated significant electric field induced (EFI) optical rectification (OR) effects existing in the surface layers of germanium (Ge) and measured the distributions of EFI OR signals along the normal directions of surface layers of Ge samples. Based on the experimental results, the ratios of the two effective second-order susceptibility components χzzz(2eff)/χzxx(2eff) for Ge(001), Ge(110), and Ge(111) surface layers can be estimated to be about 0.92, 0.91, and 1.07, respectively. The results indicate that the EFI OR can be used for analyzing the properties on surface layers of Ge, which has potential applications in Ge photonics and optoelectronics.

Ab initio calculations of lattice constants, lattice stabilities of ZnX (X=O, S, Se, Te) at different electronic temperatures (Te) have been performed using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) pseudopotential method within the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated phonon frequencies of ZnX at Te = 0 eV accord well with the experimental and other theoretical values. Firstly, it is indicated that the lattice constants of ZnX increase and all the phonon frequencies reduce as Te increases. Additionally, the transverse-acoustic phonon frequencies of ZnX are imaginary with the elevation of Te, namely the lattices of ZnX become unstable under ultrafast intense laser irradiation. Moreover, the transverse optical mode-longitudinal optical mode (LO-TO) splitting degree of ZnX (X=S, Se, Te) gradually decreases as the electronic temperature increases, mainly due to the reason that the electronic excitation weakens the strength ionicity of ionic crystal ZnX under intense laser irradiation. However, the LO-TO splitting degree of ZnO firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of electronic temperature. After that, it can be helpful for understanding the mechanism of ultrafast intense laser induced semiconductors damage.

The electro-optic effects in silicon include Kerr effect, plasma dispersion effect, and Franz-Keldysh effect etc.. Silicon does not have the linear electro-optic effect in the bulk because of the inversion symmetry, which restricts the development of the silicon-based optoelectronics and silicon photonics. However, the electric field can destroy the inversion symmetry of silicon, and produce so-called electric-field-induced linear electro-optic effect. In intrinsic or near-intrinsic silicon, these electro-optic effects exist simultaneously. In this paper, a transverse electro-optic modulation system was designed to detect these electro-optic effects. The electric-field-induced linear electro-optic effect was demonstrated in the space charge region of silicon sample and distinguished from Kerr effect based on the different frequency response. The relationship between the linear electro-optic signal and the azimuth angle of the analyzer was measured too, which was used for distinguishing the electric-field-induced linear electro-optic effect from the plasma dispersion effect. The results showed that the electric-field-induced linear electro-optic effect was stronger than Kerr effect and the plasma dispersion effect in the near-intrinsic silicon samples.

In the promotion of agricultural structure adjustment, Jili District Government in Henan Province cultivated the management model of “Three Fives”, i.e. the organizational model of “Five Alliances”, the operational model of “Five Links” and the management model of “Five Unions”. It has been proved that it is of great help to the adjustment and optimization of agricultural structure if the government plays a better role of bridge or ties and performs its functions of comprehensive services. In details, the government should integrate various resources, such as scientific institution, financial department, peasant, company and media to construct modern agricultural organization and provide technological information, research resources, project, start-up capital and scientific demonstration for peasants; establish a public service platform to provide information service for peasants' cultivation, base management, company organization, factory's processing, market forecast and scientific service for the development of product market; establish an agricultural management platform to realize unified management and supervision of the whole process, including seed supply, technical training, product label, product pricing and marketing.

The MEMS silicon-micro-machining is the main MEMS technology, which includes the surface-silicon-micro-machining and the bulk-silicon-micro-machining technology; however the bulk-silicon micro-machining technology has a wide application. In this paper, the formation procession of electron multiplier on n-type Silicon substrate by bulk-silicon-micro-machining technology was investigated. A series of electrochemical etching experiments and tests were carried out in three poles electrobath system using HF electrolyte with different concentration. The rate of photoelectrochemical etching on the macropore depends on a few technological parameters, such as doping concentration, operating bias, illumination intensity of the light, HF concentration, and so on. It was found that the formation possibility of the macropore array is directly correlated with crystal orientation of n-type Silicon substrate.

Microsphere plate (MSP) is a new type of electron multiplier device. It is similar to the traditional microchannel plate (MCP) in dimensions and model of operation. Compared with the MCP electron multiplier, the MSP has some unique characteristics such as a high electron gain, without ion feedback and easy to be fabricated, thus it is widely used in the fields of imaging and detecting. However, there are some key technologies to fabricate a satisfied MSP. In this paper, the whole fabrication process of MSP was introduced and some of major processes such as the formation of glass beads, the sintering of MSP body, and the formation of dynode and electrodes were specially discussed. At the end of the paper, the optimal processed for the fabrication of MSP was given.

By observing two-photon response and anisotropy of the light-induced voltage in Si-Al Schottky barrier potential of the Si MSM (Metal-Semiconductor-Metal) planar structure two-photon response optical detector. It is certified from the experimental and theoretical analysis that the built-in electric field generated by the Schottky barrier potential will induce the phenomena of optical rectification in Si photodiode. Thus, it is deduced that there must be double-frequency absorption (DFA) caused by phase-mismatch in the mechanism of two-photon response of Si photodiode. If the intensity of the built-in electric field is strong enough, the DFA will be the main feature of the two-photon response.

In this paper, numerical analysis was investigated for the double-clad fiber lasers and experimental study on the Yb3+-doped double-clad fiber lasers was performed. The results shown that the output power increased monotonically with absorbed power, and in lossy cavity the output power is less than in the lossless cavity. The output power decreases for the lossy fiber with the reflectivity of output coupler. There was an optimum fiber length to reach a maximum output and the optimum length was mainly dependent on the loss coefficient. In experiment we obtained an output power of 21.6W, slope efficiency of 54% by using Yb3+-doped double-clad fiber and 40W LD pump source.

The MCP ion barrier film in low-light-level imaging tube and its process techniques were introduced in this paper. The electron transmittance of this film was studied. The results of half field-of-view testing comparisons and the concept of dead voltage were presented. The dead voltage curve and the relation between dead voltage and thickness of film were tested. The composition of film was analyzed by XPS.

The formation of deep macropore array of p-type Silicon in HF electrolyte has been investigated. Then a series of electrochemical etching experiments and tests were carried out in three poles electrobath using different concentration HF electrolyte. HF concentration is a very important factor that determined whether electrochemical reaction was accomplished or not. By means of theoretical analysis and investigation, it is generally assumed that etching proceeds through sequential reaction of Si-H groups with F- to form Si-X, which determined whether electrochemical etching reaction was carried out or not. The electrochemical etching of p-type Silicon macropore array in aqueous fluoride solutions is satisfied with economic requirements for costs of fabricating deep macropores. The consequences are benefit to Silicon electrochemical deep macropore array etching technology.

This paper reports on a silicon micro-hole arrays (Si-MHA) prepared by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) etching, a dry etching method. By ICP etcher, we carried out several experimental researches and process exploration for micromachining Si-MHA. The mechanism of lateral etching, sidewall passivation, gas micro-transport and some process parameters in Si-MHA micromachining, such as gas switching time, flow rate, etching rate, were analyzed. The footing effect, lag effect, longitudinal strips and RIE grass effect occurred in the ICP etching process were also studied. These process problems had reappeared in the micro-hole arrays process though these problems had be solved in the field of integrated circuits process and microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The study results reported here had demonstrated a Si-MHA that the diameter was 15 μm, the center distance 30 μm, and the depth 240 μm prepared by ICP, and had led the author to believe that the deep pore structure and the deep trench with high aspect ratio were very different in etching process. The former is a closed structure for the gas transport, and the latter is an open structure, so the process of deep hole structure is a puzzle in micromachining and MEMS technology.

This paper reports on a silicon mcrochannel arrays prepared based on bulk-micromachining technology, dry etching technology and electrochemical process respectively. In dry etching, a silicon microchannel plate (Si-MCP), with 15-30 aspect ratio of the microchannel, 6-20 µm, 6-8 µm space and 150-300µm depth, were prepared by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The phenomenon ofplasma etching lag and the morphology ofthe microchannel array in dry processing were analyzed and discussed.In wet process, both p-type and n-type silicon was selected as the substrate for microchannel arrays. A inducing pit arrays was first prepared by oxidation, lithography, KOH etching, and then a square channel arrays that has 4 µm length of side and 2 µm space were formed by electrochemical etching in hydrofluoric acid in three poles electrolyzing cell, which can yield straight holes with high aspect ratio. The electrochemical mechanism of silicon anisotropy etching, the parameters of three pole electrolyzing cell, and the inducing pit and channel morphology were investigated and discussed. The results shows that the high aspect ratio of silicon microchannel arrays can be made by both dry and wet etching processes. The ICP process yield a microchannel arrays with uneven, re-entrant, notched and ripples surface within the channel. The electrochemical process for silicon microchannel arrays has lower cost than ICP process.