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Мета. Оцінити збереженість цибулин вихідного і селекційного матеріалу цибулі шалот та виділити зразки з високими параметрами збереженості. Методи. Польові, лабораторні, розрахунково-аналітичні. Одержані експериментальні дані обробляли методом дисперсійного аналізу за Б.А. Доспеховим. Об’єктом досліджень були 23 колекційних і 34 зразків цибулі шалот гібридного походження. Стандарт сорт – Ліра. Результати. В умовах Східного Лісостепу України оцінено збереженість 23 колекційних і 34 зразків цибулі шалот гібридного походження. Вивчення збереженості цибулин колекційних і селекційних форм цибулі шалот показало, що основні втрати при зберіганні пов’язані з втратою маси й коливаються від 5,1 до 31,1 %, а кількість хворих цибулин – від 0,7 до 13,4 %. У середньому по 23 колекційних зразках збереженість цибулі шалот за 8 місяців зберігання склала 80,9 %, втрата маси становила 14,5 %, а кількість хворих цибулин – 4,4 %. За середніми даними у зразків гібридного походження (34 шт.) збереженість склала 82,4 %, втрата маси 11,3 %, а кількість хворих цибулин – 5,5 %. У колекційному розсаднику за комплексом показників збереженості для використання у селекційній роботі було виділено 6 зразків цибулі шалот – Д-120, Bonilla, Д-127, Д-131, Д-125 та Д-15. Серед зразків гібридного походження за збереженістю цибулин (85 % і більше) виділено 12 номерів – Д-92 (85,9 %), Д-97 (89,3 %), Д-79 (89,5 %), Д-147 (91,9 %), Д-82 (87,4 %), Д-50 (92,3 %), Д-122 (89,2 %), Д-73 (88,6 %), Д-166 (87,4 %), Д-169 (89,7 %), Д-170 (93,7 %) та Д-174/2 (92,7 %). За виходом здорових цибулин через 8 місяців зберігання вони перевищували стандарт на 4,7–12,5 %. Виділені зразки поєднували низьку втрату маси (< 10 %) і невелику кількість хворих цибулин (< 10 %). Висновки. В умовах Східного Лісостепу України оцінено збереженість 23 колекційних зразків та 34 форм цибулі шалот гібридного походження і виділено перспективні для використання у селекційній роботі. За збереженістю (85 % і більше), низьким рівнем природної втрати маси (< 10 %) і кількістю хворих цибулин (< 10 %) виділено 6 колекційних та 12 зразків цибулі шалот гібридного походження.

The rapid development of resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs has led to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their genetic determinants of resistance in the environment. It has led to the emergence of a new threat to human health, the precondition of which is the entry of resistance genes to the human body through the food chain. Modern systems of treatment plants are not capable of complete purification of water from genetic determinants, the largest source of which is known to be hospital effluents and domestic wastewater. In the context of this problem, the study of the influence of ecological resist on the development of antibiotic resistance in the human body becomes very important. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between the migration of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the system human-aquatic ecosystem. Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose, a number of microbiological studies were performed, which included the isolation of microbial isolates from water samples of the Uzh River (Ukraine), surface waters of which are a source of drinking and domestic water supply, and clinical samples from the oral cavity of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Identified isolates were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics of different groups. Results and discussion. During the research experiment, bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated from the oral cavity of 64 patients with inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues, the species diversity of which was represented by the following species: Escherihia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella rhinoskleromatis, Hafnia alvei. According to the study, members of the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from water samples showed significant resistance to antibiotics of natural origin, such as tetracycline, amipicillin and gentamicin, as well as to beta-lactams and second-generation macrolides. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the samples of water and oral cavity were dominated by the same spectrum of gram-negative microorganisms belonging to the genera Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Escherichia and characterized by a high degree of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides and unprotected beta-lactam antibiotics. The formation of such an antibiotic resistance in ecological and clinical samples may indicate probable migration routes of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and genetic determinants of stability in the system human-aquatic ecosystem. There is a need for further research to study the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment and the development of appropriate regulations governing the conduct of sanitary and epidemiological control over the spread of microorganisms with multiple resistance in the environment

The possible changes in water availability (aridity) to grain crops and their yields in the Crimean steppe in the 21st century are analyzed using the earlier developed MULCH model (simulating the heat and water exchange in the soil–mulch cover–vegetation–near-surface atmosphere system) and the projected changes in meteorological characteristics simulated by the atmosphere–ocean general circulation models for the RCP climate change scenarios. It is shown that the annual dynamics of the climatic values of available water storage, water availability to grain crops, and their yields in the Crimean steppe will remain almost unchanged by the end of the 21st century. The factors underlying this situation are analyzed; the main of them is the preserved level of precipitation in the 21st century. In this regard, additional measures for adaptation of agriculture to the consequences of global climate change will not be required in this region. On the other hand, the effect of the anthropogenic factor appearing as an increase in the demands of population under limited resources of the biosphere will require a transfer of agriculture to the green farming practice, involving no-till technologies, in agricultural ecosystems, including the agrocenoses of the steppe Crimea.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the synovial membrane of the joints and leads to progressive articular damage, disability and reduced quality of life. Despite the emergence of more innovative therapeutic strategies that have improved the duration of remission, rheumatoid arthritis is associated with high levels of comorbidities, infections, malignancies and cardiovascular disease. It is known that some pathogenic proinflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor, may play a central role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, various preclinical and clinical studies have shown that biologic agents, who are widely used in the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, may be effective in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases as well. For this purpose we have studied adipocytokines. Adipocytokines are pleiotropic molecules that are mainly released by white adipose tissue and immune cells. Adipocytokines modulate the function of different tissues and cells, and, in addition to energy homeostasis and metabolism, enhance inflammation, immune response and tissue damage. Adipocytokines may contribute to the proinflammatory conditions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the development of bone damage. In addition, they may be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we considered the already known evidence about adipocytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, because they are also actively involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and are possible biomarkers of prognosis and treatment outcomes, because of their potential, as a possible new therapeutic target.

Modern medicine depends on advances in medical instrumentation and medical software development. One of the most important tasks facing doctors is to determine the exact boundaries of tumors and other abnormal formations in the tissues of the human body. The problems and methods of machine classification and recognition of images in the form of radiographs, as well as the issues of improving artificial neural networks, which are used to improve the quality and accuracy of detecting abnormal structures on chest radiographs, are discussed. A modified genetic method for optimizing model parameters based on convolutional neural networks has been developed to solve the problem of recognizing diagnostically significant signs of pneumonia on an X-ray image of the lungs. The fundamental difference between the proposed genetic method and existing analogs lies in the use of a special mutation operator in the form of an additive convolution of two mutation operators, which allows to reduce the training time of the neural network, as well as to identify the most suitable for studying the «margin of solutions». A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed method and known methods was presented, which showed an improvement in accuracy when solving the problem of searching for signs of pathology on an x-ray of the lungs. The practical use of the developed method will reduce labor intensity, increase the reliability of the search, speed up the process of diagnosing diseases and reduce the number of errors and repeated examinations of patients. Tabl.: 5. Fig.: 10. Refs: 34 titles

The polarization plane rotators located outside the transmission line volume are presented. Their work is based on the excitation of special (‘dihedral') eigen-oscillations in a waveguide object fo...

Aim: based on several semi-quantitative morphometric indices, which represent pathological changes in femoral and tibial condyles, to determine pathological changes occurrence frequencies of damaged knee joints, complicated by frontal deformations. Materials and methods. Resected femoral and tibial condyles, obtained during knee replacement in 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and deformations of knee joints in frontal plane, served as material of current study. The following research methods were used: clinical examination, histological with semi-quantitative morphometric indices determination; statistical with determination of mean parameters, frequency of occurrence of cases with different gradations of indicators expression and their differences. Results. Groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients with lesions of knee joints complicated by deformities in frontal plane of different forms (valgus – varus), had significant differences by several clinical and clinical-visual indices. Pathological changes of epiphyses which are reflected by such morphometric parameters as “pannus structure and inflammation”, “inflammatory activity in subchondral spongiosa” and “stage of dystrophic-destructive changes of the joint surface” with different frequency and severity occur in the tissues of all rheumatoid arthritis patients with knee injuries, complicated by frontal deformations. In condyles from bones of one type, that form knee joint, compared in varus and valgus deformities, occurrence frequency of varying severity cases of separate morphometric indices varies in condyles according to different degree of compression. In condyles from bones of one type, which form knee joint, compared in different bones (femur and tibia) in cases of valgus deformity there was higher occurrence frequency of cases with more expressed indicator of “pannus structure and inflammation” in tibial condyles, in cases of varus deformity – in femoral condyles (independent of degree of compression). Conclusions. Results of study showed that degree of both clinical and morphometric indices of tibia and femur condyles condition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and knee joint frontal deformities has no constant, unambiguous tendencies, and occurrence frequencies of cases with high and low degrees vary in wide limits.

Systemic scleroderma is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with characteristic lesions of the skin, blood vessels, musculoskeletal system and internal organs (kidneys, heart, lungs, and digestive tract) based on impaired microcirculation, inflammation and generalized fibrosis. At the stage of provisional diagnosis, the triad of the initial signs of the disease is especially important including Raynaud’s syndrome, characteristic skin lesions, and joint syndrome. Subsequently, multiple organs and tissues are involved in the process. Infectious complications are one of the major threats to patients with systemic connective tissue disease, along with cardiovascular and cancerous diseases. Based on retrospective analysis, it has been found out that the incidence of comorbid infections in the in-patients with rheumatic diseases made up 9.7%; with predominant damage to respiratory organs was 44%, urinary tract – 29.2%, and skin and soft tissues – 18.9%. Comorbid infections were the most common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (28.4%) and rheumatoid arthritis (13.2%). Infections constitute 2-9% of overall causes of mortality in patients with systemic scleroderma. Cases of serious infections (pneumonia, sepsis, bacterial arthritis, skin and soft tissues lesions, etc.) have been recorded, including those with fatal outcomes. The problem of differential diagnosis of systemic infectious process and rheumatic diseases with high activity is extremely important. The paper presents a clinical case of subacute course of systemic scleroderma with multiple organ dysfunction affecting lungs (pneumofibrosis, pulmonary hypertension), heart (restrictive cardiomyopathy, atrial flutter), kidneys (nephritis) conjoined with severe infectious complications (septicemia, phlegmon of the soft tissues of the left leg). The present clinical case clearly demonstrates a severe subacute course with multiple organ dysfunction affecting lungs, heart, kidneys, digestive tract. Immunodeficiency was accompanied by severe infectious complications, in particularly, septicemia, soft tissue phlegmon, having complex pathogenesis that required prolonged intensive care.

The article carries out the analysis of scientific researches and current legislation in the sphere of prevention and combating climate change. It is determined that the basis for the development of effective national legislation in this area should be formed by the state climate policy. It is proved that the institute of normalization occupies a leading role in providing effective legal regulation in the sphere of prevention and combating negative environmental changes caused by climate change. It is proposed to define ecological normalization in the sphere of climate change prevention as an activity of the authorized state bodies in the development, establishment and implementation of the normative standards of pollutants affecting the climate (limit permissible values of greenhouse gas emissions) with the purpose of limiting and controlling the effects of climate change, preventing its change and ensuring a favorable environmental status as a whole. The article proves the necessity of making amendments to the laws of Ukraine “On protection of the environment” and “On protection of the atmospheric air”, as the initial stage of formation of legal regulation in the field of prevention and combating climate change at the national level, with the prospect of adoption of a special regulatory legal act in this area. Thus, the definition of the concepts of “climate” and “normalization in the sphere of climate change prevention”, as well as legal measures to prevent and combat climate change in Ukraine, which should include the development, installation and implementation of standards for emissions of pollutants affecting the climate (standards of greenhouse gas emissions) should be enshrined in law. Attention is drawn to the fact that the slow pace of development and adoption of regulations in the sphere of climate change prevention, the problems of implementation of the already adopted laws are due to the lack of a mechanism to take into account the problem of climate change and to provide conditions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in other spheres of state policy, while developing national strategies and programs, etc.

2q13 CNV was associated with various diseases, with a lack of consensus. By CMA analysis, we found that four fetuses had deletion in the proximal region of 2q13, one had duplication, and one had duplication in the distal region of 2q13; however, they had variable outcomes.

Aim. To elucidate the professional activity of pharmacists in Ukrainian pharmacies regarding their responsibilities to identify and prevent adverse reactions or the lack of effectiveness of medicines and to receive information on their implementation of actions that are described in the regulatory documentation on this issue.Materials and methods. 80 pharmacists from pharmacy institutions were surveyed using the questionnaire developed.Results. The questionnaire survey of pharmacists was conducted using a questionnaire developed and aimed to identify their level of awareness about the obligation to provide information to the Postregistration Surveillance Board of PE “The State Expert Center of the MoH of Ukraine” (PSB SEC MoHUKR) about the adverse reactions or the lack of effectiveness of medicines and the procedure for completing and submitting the “Message Card”. Eighty pharmacists, who underwent course of thematic improvement at the Department of the Clinical Pharmacology, IPhPQI NUPh within 2016-2018, were questioned. The results of questioning have shown that the majority of pharmacists in pharmacies are informed by their obligations to provide information to the PSB SEC MoHUKR about the adverse reactions or the lack of effectiveness of medicines; they know the regulatory documentation on this issue. In 72.5 % of pharmacies the “Message Card” forms are absent, 25 % of respondents are aware of the procedure for providing them, 10 % of respondents filled it out on their own.Conclusions. The majority of pharmacists in pharmacies are aware of their obligation to provide information to the PSB SEC MoHUKR about the adverse reactions or the lack of effectiveness of medicines and the regulatory documentation on this issue, but they are not sufficiently active in relation to the necessary actions to fill in the “Message Card” and send it to the PSB SEC MoHUKR. The low level of organization of this process by the management of pharmacies is one of the causes for the insufficient activity of pharmacists, in particular the absence of the “Message Card” forms.

In order to obtain biologically compatible objects with mechanical properties close to living tissues, 3D printing with biocompatible sodium alginate hydrogel at room temperature on the modified desktop 3D printer Up! Mini (manufactured by PP3DP, China) was carried out. The standard print head was replaced with a special syringe-extruder to allow the extrusion of a hydrogel, the details of which were made by 3D printing from ABS plastic. Of the parameters, the standard material feed and print head movement rates were changed. For accurate reproduction of object sizes using 3D printing from this hydrogel the next parameters were established: the optimal concentration of sodium alginate in extruded hydrogel (2.5 wt.%); the composition of the “support” gelatin suspension, which was fixed on the printing table of a 3D printer and served as volumetric support for hydrogel (10 g of calcium chloride CaCl2 and 13.5 g of gelatin per 500 ml of distilled water). The method of its preparation includes 1 minute mixing of components blend, dispersion at 9000 rpm on IKA ULTRA-TURRAX T 25 digital disperser, 4 hours settling at 4 °C, 3 minutes centrifuging at 5500 rpm, removal of the supernatant. The optimal movement speed of the print head during 3D printing and the speed of extrusion of the hydrogel during the formation of the external perimeter of the printing object are 9–11 and 5 mm/s, respectively, as well as the speed of material extrusion during the formation of the internal filling of the model is 0.83 mm/s.

Background. The usage of psychoactive substances (PS) is one of the most urgent among other medical and social problems of nowadays. One of the aspects of menacing nature of this phenomenon is psychological and somatic consequences, so called comorbid conditions, which in the future lead to severe psychosomatic disorders, more significant in young or old age. Contemporary medical reform in Ukraine has reoriented for family doctors general medical care to somatic patients, which, in turn, requires the creation of professional scientific and practical developments to provide them with qualified assistance. Objective – to develop of the system of diagnostic and medical care for somatic patients who use PS in the practice of family medicine. Materials and methods. In accordance with the relevant methods (clinical, anamnestic, socio-demographic, psychodiagnostic, clinical-psychopathological and statistical), 220 thematic patients who applied with somatic complaints to the family doctor were examined. All these patients take different kinds of PS. Results. Characteristic features of the examined patients were such as: prevailing age group was the senior group of people (60%), the youngest was 38%; a large proportion of respondents were educated in dysfunctional families (42%); the families in which the parents use of PS, in the families in which there where systematic conflicts, material and everyday problems, burdened heredity, concomitant somatic diseases (28%), etc. Most of these surveyed began to use PS in the age of teenagers (66%), a significantly smaller number was that one who had begun to use PS in elderly age. The motivation for the usage of surfactant in the younger group was dominated by the negative impact of the micro-environment, at the elder age we diagnostic the subjective deprivation of the patients from difficult social circumstances, improvement of general mental and physical conditions. The complaints of these patients who need a help of family doctors were formed by us in the form of the main profiles of somatic pathology: cardiovascular, pulmonary-respiratory, gastro-intestinal. In the mental plan these patients had depressive, disturbing, asthenic states in different proportions. Most of them who use PS prefer tobacco and alcohol or combined forms (72%), much less patients use PS. The developed system of early diagnostics of comorbid pathology is based on a four-level clinical characteristic of psychosomatic pathology with the appropriate correlation between the type and level of PS which had been used. Conclusions. The main profiles of somatization in these cases were outlined (48% of patients have the problems with the cardiovascular system, with the digestive tract – 32%, with the pulmonary-respiratory system – 20% of patients), which were combined with mental illnesses. The system of early diagnostics of the usage of psychoactive substances by somatic patients was developed with the help of corresponding AUDIT-tests, a number of parallel psycho-diagnostic methods and laboratory data. On the basis of characteristic features of anamnesis, socio-demographic, clinical psycho-pathological and somatic data, a system of psycho-therapeutic, rehabilitation and psycho-prophylaxis assistance to the patients in the practice of family medicine was developed.

Introduction: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has been widely used for volume expansion, but its safety as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass has been questioned recently. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the safety of albumin and hydroxyethyl starch as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods: Pubmed, Embase database and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients who received HES or albumin as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery published up to October 2019. Two reviewers independently extracted the valid data, including the length of ICU stay, ventilator time, the length of hospital stay, crystal volume, fresh frozen plasma, platelet input, blood loss, blood platelet count. hemoglobin value, fibrin, APTT, PT, urea, creatinine and urine volume. Meta-analysis was performed with revman version 5.3. Results: Total 9 RCTs involving 452 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with albumin, HES had similar effects on the length of ICU stay(MD = 0.70；95%CI：-0.14 to 1.55；P = 0.10；I2 = 89%);ventilation time(MD = 2.31 ;95%CI-3.93 to 8.55;P = 0.47,I2 = 60%); the length of hospital stay(MD = -0.31;95% CI:-2.00 to 1.37; P = 0.71 ;I2 = 0%); crystal volume(SMD = 0.26;95% CI:-0.09 to 0.61; P = 0.15;I2 = 0%); fresh frozen plasma(SMD = 0.25；95%CI：-0.08 to 0.59；P = 0.66；I2 =0%); platelet input(SMD =-0.17;95% Cl:-0.59 to 0.26;P =0.45;I2 = 0%);blood loss (SMD =0.31;95% Cl:-0.01 to 0.63;P = 0.06;I2 =29%);platelet count (SMD =-0.21;95% cl :-0.54 to 0.11; P = 0.20;I2 = 29% );hemoglobin value(SMD =0.1;95% CI: -0.15 to 0.36;P = 0.42; I2 = 0% ); fibrin (SMD =0.12;95% CI: -0.19 to 0.44 ; P = 0.45; I2 = 0% );APTT(MD =1.13;95% CI: -2.06 to 4.32 ; P = 0.49; I2 = 0%);PT(MD =0.10;95% CI: -0.21 to 0.40,P = 0.52; I2 = 0%);creatinine(SMD =0.09;95% CI: -0.32 to 0.50 ; P = 0.66; I2 = 51% );urine volume(SMD =0.11;95% CI: -0.26 to 0.48 ; P = 0.55; I2 = 43% ).but did not increase urea (SMD =-0.46;95% CI: -0.81 to -0.11; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%).Conclusions: HES was safe and effective compared to albumin as priming fluid for cardiopulmonary bypass because it did not affect renal function, coagulation function, liquid input, or the length of ICU stay and ventilation time of patients.

Актуальність. Питання вивчення структури головного мозку з хворобою Альцгеймера, викликаної судинним пошкодженням, залишається недостатньо дослідженим відносно морфологічних аспектів. Мета. Вивчення гістологічних особливостей тканини головного мозку при моделюванні деменції альцгеймерівського типу судинного походження та проявів подальшої клітинної регенерації у щурів. Методи. В експерименті використано 32 щури популяції WAG масою 180-250 гр. Щури дослідної групи (гр. Д) отримували внутрішньоочеревні ін'єкції водного розчину нітриту натрію в дозі 50 мг/кг протягом 14 днів. Контрольним тваринам вводили 0,9% натрію хлориду. Формування при цьому моделі хвороби Альцгеймера, викликаної судинним пошкодженням, доведено і опубліковано. Мікропрепарати головного мозку щурів були пофарбовані конго-рот і галоціанін-хромовими галунами за методом Ейнарсона. Експресію антигену Ki-67 визначали імуногістохімічно («Thermo Fischer Scientific»). Результати. У гр. Д в артеріях основи головного мозку спостерігається відкладення конгофільних мас субендотеліально, в середній оболонці та пошкодження ендотелію, в той час як в більш дрібних внутрішньомозкових судинaх амілоїдних змін менше. Зафіксовано виражені периваскулярні набряки, парієтальні тромбози, збільшення кількості перицитів над ендотеліоцитами в 1,5-2 рази та мічених Кi-67 ядер ендотеліоцитів капілярів у всіх відділах головного мозку. Дистрофічні процеси в нейронах, проліферація гліальних клітин, епендімоцитів, епітеліоцитів chorioid plexus, утворення вогнищ некрозу в корі, підкірковій речовині, гіпокампі супроводжуються розвитком запальних реакцій. Підсумок. Пошкодження судин і нейронів різних ділянок головного мозку у щурів із деменцією альцгеймерівського типу судинного походження запускає регенерацію на клітинному рівні, що є опосередкованим підтвердженням загибелі цих клітин., Background. The brain structure in patients with Alzheimer's disease, caused initially by vascular damage, is poorly known regarding morphological aspects. Objective. To study the histological features of the brain tissue in the designing of Alzheimer's type dementia of vascular origin and the manifestation of cellular regeneration in rats. Methods. The experiment was performed on 32 male WAG rats weighing 180-250 g. Rats from experimental group (group E) were injected with aqueous solution of sodium nitrite at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body mass intraperitoneally during 14 days. Control animals were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride. The formation of the Alzheimer's disease model caused by vascular injury has been proven and published. Congo-red and gallocyanine-chromium alum according to Einarson's method stained slides of brain were received. The expression of the Ki-67 antigen was determined immunohistochemically (Thermo Fischer Scientific). Results. In gr. E the subendothelial deposition of congophilic masses and endothelium damage were observed in the brain arteries. Small intracerebral vessels had less amyloid changes. The perivascular edema, parietal thrombosis, and an increase in the number of pericytes over endothelial cells by 1.5-2 times and the Ki-67 labeled capillary endothelial cells in all parts of the brain were recorded. Also, it was found the dystrophic processes in neurons, proliferation of glial cells, ependymocytes, epithelial cells of chorioid plexus, the necrosis foci formation in the cortex, subcortical substance, hippocampus, which was accompanied by the inflammatory reactions. Conclusion. The blood vessels and neurons injury in various parts of the brain in rats with model of Alzheimer's type dementia of vascular origin triggered the regeneration at the cellular level which represented the death of these cells., Актуальность. Вопрос изучения структуры головного мозга с болезнью Альцгеймера, вызванной первоначально сосудистым повреждением, остается недостаточно исследованным относительно морфологических аспектов. Цель. Изучение гистологических особенностей ткани головного мозга при моделировании деменции альцгеймеровского типа сосудистого происхождения и проявлений последующей клеточной регенерации у крыс. Методы. Эксперимент был проведен на 32 крысах популяции WAG массой 180-250 гр. Крысы опытной группы (гр. О) получали внутрибрюшинные инъекции водного раствора нитрита натрия в дозе 50 мг/кг в течение 14 дней. Контрольным животным вводили 0,9% натрия хлорида. Формирование при этом модели болезни Альцгеймера, вызванной сосудистым повреждением, доказано и опубликовано. Микропрепараты головного мозга были окрашены конго-рот и галлоцианин-хромовыми квасцами по методу Эйнарсона. Экспрессию антигена Ki-67 определяли иммуногистохимически («Thermo Fischer Scientific»). Результаты. В гр. О в артериях головного мозга наблюдается отложение конгофильных масс субэндотелиально и в средней оболочке. В мелких внутримозговых сосудах амилоидных изменений меньше. Зафиксированы периваскулярные отеки, париетальные тромбозы, увеличение количества перицитов над эндотелиоцитами в 1,5-2 раза и меченных Кi-67 ядер эндотелиоцитов капилляров во все отделах головного мозга. Дистрофические процессы в нейронах, пролиферация глиальных клеток, эпендимоцитов, эпителиоцитов chorioid plexus, образование очагов некроза в коре, подкорковой веществе, гиппокампе сопровождается развитием воспалительных реакций. Заключение. Повреждение сосудов и нейронов различных участков головного мозга у крыс с деменцией альцгеймеровского типа сосудистого происхождения запускает регенерацию на клеточном уровне, что косвенно подтверждает гибель этих клеток.

Aim To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of digital breast tomosynthesis compared with full-field digital mammography in detection of breast cancer presenting as a mass in women with dense breasts. Маterials and Methods: This study included 347 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with dense breasts who underwent full-field digital mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis and hand-held full breast ultrasound. 57 core-needle biopsies were performed. Pathology included 31 invasive cancers and 26 non-cancerous lesions. Results Sensitivity of full-field digital mammography was 61.3% [0.422-0.789] and sensitivity of digital breast tomosynthesis was 77.4% [0.589-0.904]. Specificity of full-field digital mammography was 92.7% [0.893-0.953] that was 2.2% lower than the specificity of digital breast tomosynthesis - 94.9% [0.919-0.971]. Conclusion Results of our study showed superior sensitivity and specificity of digital breast tomosynthesis compared to full-field digital mammography for detection of malignant masses in women with dense breasts.

Background. The use of psychoactive substances among the population of different countries of the world, in particular in Ukraine, is one of the most significant medical and social problems of our time. The situation is even more threatening due to not only the mental and behavioral consequences of the use of surfactants, but also somatic. These comorbid disorders are severe and sometimes complete with mortality, especially in adolescence, young or adult age. In the view of modern medical reform in Ukraine, family doctors have a wide range of professional functions at the primary level of medical care, which determines the provision of qualification assistance to the contingent under review in full. Until recently, there are no scientific and practical standards on this important topic in the country. Objective – determination of criteria for psychological, clinical and instrumental and laboratory methods for diagnosing the use of surfactants in somatic patients in family medicine practice. Materials and methods. With the help of clinical-anamnestic, psychodiagnostic, clinical-psychopathological and instrumental-laboratory methods, 220 somatic patients (men – 54%, women – 46%) who use psychoactive substances visited by a family doctor were examined. The study was conducted on the basis of the Center of Primary Health Care in Kiev, during 2017-2018. Results. On the grounds of the presented diagnostics, in particular, the developed 4-step specific and quantitative use of various psychoactive substances, the ratio of the nature of psychoactive substances and their somatic consequences was found by medical evidence for the most common pathogenicity profiles: cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory. Age, gender and follow-up indicators are presented. Conclusion. Clinical-anamnestic, socio-demographic, psychodiagnostic, clinical-psychopathological, instrumental and laboratory criteria for the characteristics of patients with comorbid pathology (use of surfactants with somatic consequences) were determined. Diagnostic psychocorrectional and preventive measures of this category of patients in the practice of family medicine are indicated.

It is well known that restenosis/thrombosis in stent placement site is one of the commonest complications in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCA), and activation of intravascular thrombogenesis can be one of pathogenetic factors of this process. Hence, determination of early and reliable biochemical markers in diagnosis of that complication is aimed at timely correction of hemostasis disturbances. Blood plasma overall hemostatic potential (OHP) is considered to be one of the informative biochemical markers of hemostasis. It is helpful in determining the balance between links of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and is based on the study of light absorption time curve, being an index of formation and destruction of blood clot in the presence of thromboplastin and plasminogen tissue activator (t-PA). The aim of research work was to study coagulation and fibrinolytic activity indices in patients with IHD and PCA, and to determine probable markers of intravascular thrombogenesis. 91 patients (77 males and 14 females) with IHD and PCA were studied, 32 had late restenosis/thrombosis development after 6 months of stenting. Among those with no history of stent occlusion (59 individuals), 20 patients had FC ²²-²²² angina pectoris. Blood plasma hemostatic potential was determined by spectrophotometry, registering light absorption at 405 nm by fibrin clot, using microreader Multiscan (Finland). Statistical analysis was performed using variation methods and correlation analysis. Quantitative analysis of the curves of OHP and fibrinolytic potential (FP) as well as their components, obtained during the study, demonstrated all the patients of general group to have significant (ð 0.1). Determination of correlation relationships between the main components of OHP and FP in patient groups showed their one-direction positive character from moderate to strong (r=0.56?0.83). The strongest correlations between the parameters were observed in patients with angina, while the weakest ones in those with history of restenosis. Significant increase in OHP and FP indices can be indicative of disturbed balance between the processes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in that category of patients. The data received indicate also that activity of hemostasis components is higher in females than in males, and coagulation system potential tends to increase in the group of patients with history of restenosis and in those with angina because of decreased FP value.

Three versions of two-layer polarization plane rotators in a circular waveguide based on the internal fringing field interaction are considered. They work on the excitation of unusual eigen-oscilla...

Background. Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and require adequate antifibrotic therapy. The objective of the study was to develop a method for predicting the response to antifibrotic therapy with pyrogenal in patients with recurrent CHC. Material and methods. Before the start of pyrogenal therapy pyrogenal test was performed in 36 patients with CHC, followed by evaluation of serum levels of taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, leucine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and tryptophan by high-performance liquid chromatography. The patients underwent a course of antifibrotic therapy with pyrogenal, the dynamics of fibrosis was assessed by the serum TIMP-1 values. Results. The equation of logistic regression for predicting the effectiveness of antifibrotic therapy of CHC with a binary response from the communication probit functions was constructed. The model predicts a positive or negative dynamics of the serum level of TIMP-1 after pyrogenal therapy. Conclusion. To predict the response to antifibrotic therapy with pyrogenal in patients with CHC, it is recommended that this model be used in conjunction with the model predicting the dynamics of the APRI index.

The article looks at socio-economic aspects solutions for the problem of ensuring the safety and quality of animal husbandry products that is extremely acute in Ukraine at present. Considerable amounts of animal source foods circulating on the market in the country are falsified according to one or more parameters. Animal source foods contain palm oil, various stabilizers, enzymes, antibiotics, traces of heavy metals, toxic substances, veterinary drugs, etc. The safety control system used in Ukraine right now is based only on testing the final products and is inefficient. It does not promote the competitiveness of the Ukrainian animal husbandry products on the world market.Results. The authors hereof substantiated the need to utilize the current approaches to the animal products quality and safety assurance that are used in the European Union (EU) member countries and have proven their efficiency. The paper sets out the comparative analysis results related to the European and Ukrainian technical regulation system (TRS) in the area of animal products quality and safety. It is established that the last five years have seen the continuing functional approximation of the Ukrainian TRS to the EU and World Trade Organization (WTO) requirements. Still, it mostly concerns the TRS formation as a whole and is unrelated to the animal husbandry industry (sector).Originality. Problems are revealed that reduce the efficiency of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in the area of production and trade of animal products and feeds in Ukraine. The key aspects of using horizontal or process approach to ensuring animal products safety in Ukraine are revealed. The specifics of the current European animal products quality certification systems are determined that may serve as the prototype of the Ukrainian certification system. It is determined that Ukraine still lacks a developed mechanism for the agricultural businesses to be able to implement and support the prerequisite programmes (PRP) related to animal product safety. Yet, it has to precede the implementation of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (НАССР) principles by such businesses.Practical relevance. The paper indicates the causes of the Ukrainian legislation inefficiency in the area of ensuring animal product quality and safety. The study contains the ways of improving such legislation. We revealed the basic prerequisites for applying risk-based approach in the animal products safety government control in Ukraine. The study shows the results of the analysis of social and economic factors that cause the low quality and lack of safety of the animal products in Ukraine. It is proven that the problem resolution requires a comprehensive approach, which is not limited to the increase of state control efficiency and the successful harmonization of the Ukrainian technical regulation system with the European one.

Background. The current social situation in Ukraine demands the researches of objective and subjective conditions that determine the professional development of teachers in general and the development of their professional reflection in particular, which are related to the real system of professional training of students at higher school. Objective – to analyze the reflection as one of the psychological mechanisms of self-control, which, in turn, ensures the personal growth of a future teacher. Materials and methods. There were analyzed the results which had been obtained for the component «experience of reflection» of teachers (128 teachers of Rivne State University of the Humanities were participated in the empirical part of the research. The research lasted during 2017). Methods of the research – analytical, empirical, statistical. Results. The authors of the article identified four levels of professional self-determination of the first-year students who studied at higher school: 1) a high level of professional self-determination is the manifestation of a multi-component professional motive; the presence of a clear idea of the image of a teacher with a lot of professionally relevant qualities; the development of objective self-esteem, active and positive attitude to the profession and the purpose of studying at a higher school – at last to become a professional teacher. Students with a high level of professional self-determination formed a group of «well-professionally oriented» students: 2) middle (potential) level of professional self-determination – the manifestation of two-component professional motive (stable desire to become a teacher, the ability to work with people); the development of active and positive attitude towards the profession and the purpose of studying at a higher educational institution to become a teacher of a foreign language. Students with a potential level of self-determination were classified as «professionally oriented»; 3) low level of professional self-determination – the manifestation of one-component professional motive (the desire to become a teacher), which in its content – amorphous, unstable, because in its basis – only the emotional attitude to the profession («like – do not like»); the perception of the pedagogical profession is superficial, fragmented, and, as a result, passive-positive attitude to the profession and objectives of studying at a higher educational establishment. Students with a low level of self-determination made up a group of «weakly professionally oriented»; 4) very low level of professional self-determination – manifestation of uncertain attitude to the profession, self-restraint from it; motives and goals of entering higher educational institutions can be regarded as emotionally cognitive-orientated («just interesting», «may be like», «try»). These students formed a group of «professionally non-oriented» ones. Conclusions. Subjective conditions that influence the development of professional reflection of future teachers of a foreign language were such as: professional orientation of the person in his/her future activity; the development of intellectual abilities; students’ activity in their professional development and mastering of professional reflection.

Relevance. Phenomenon of patients' unawareness of their illness (insight) is a pathognomonic diagnostic criterion that distinguishes schizophrenia from many other psychiatric disorders. More than half of patients with schizophrenia do not realize their illness that makes their treatment more difficult. Diagnosis of insight in patients with schizophrenia is an important issue. The volume and content of rehabilitation programs depends on it. The purpose of research is to study the structure of insight in patients with schizophrenia, its relationship with certain clinical, social and psychological indicators, and to assess the influence of insight-oriented psychotherapy on the outcomes of schizophrenia. Material and methods. 237 patients with schizophrenia were studied: 139 (58.6 %) men and 98 (41.4 %) women aged 18-35 years. Patients of the main group (122 people) received pharmacotherapy and were included in the program of insight-oriented psychotherapy. Patients of the comparison group (115 people) received standard treatment. Measurement of the insight level was carried out using the scale of unawareness of mental disorder (SUMD). To study social indicators the scale of social functioning in various spheres was used (Zaitsev, 1999). The quality of life level and social stigma were measured by WHOQOL-BREF and adapted version of the self-stigmatization scale (SSMIS). Evaluation of outcomes in schizophrenia was carried out using the IMR and RMQ scales. The level of cognitive functioning was assessed by the GACF-CogFu scale. The severity of depression was measured by the scale developed by Beck (BDI). The mechanisms of psychological defense were assessed using the scale of R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman (1979). Mathematical processing of the results was also carried out. Results. Correlations were found between a higher level of patient awareness of the disease and its better prognosis (r= -0.507; p

History of Allergologic service in Dnipropetrovsk region

The article studies the influence of prenatal exposure of rats with 131I on their behavioral activity and anxiety using the open field test, an elevated raised cross-shaped maze, black and white and shuttle box. It is determined that prenatal exposure of rats with 131I has led to increased research activity, but did not cause significant changes in the levels of animals’ anxiety. There has been also an decrease in the number of conditioned reflexes and prolongation of the latent periods of reflex reactions, indicating that there is some suppression of CNS due to exposure conditions.

The study presents the development and results of the methods applied for prevention of abdominal compartment syndrome after laparatomy performed on 42 patients. Only the skin was sutured for the patients in group I at the end of surgery (n=26), in group II – alloplasty of the anterior abdominal wall with formation of stable diastasis of abdominal rectus muscles was carried out (n=15). Theoretical calculations and assessment of practical results have shown that formation of diastasis of the abdominal rectus muscles 5 sm wide increases the volume of the abdominal cavity by 10.0% and decreases abdominal pressure by 17.6%. I and II stage of intraabdominal hypertension after surgery was observed in 30.8% of I group patients, 53.3% of II group patients, ACS was not observed. In I group 86.4% patients had postoperative ventral hernia in the remote period. Application of alloplasty with formation of diastasis of the abdominal rectus muscles enabled to avoid development of ACS and postoperative ventral hernias., В работе представлена разработка и результаты применения метода профилактики абдоминального компартмент-синдрома после лапаротомии у 42 больных. Пациентам I группы по окончанию хирургического вмешательства ушивали только кожу (n=26), II – применяли аллопластику передней брюшной стенки с формированием устойчивого диастаза прямых мышц живота (n=15). Теоретические расчеты и оценка практических результатов показали, что формирование диастаза прямых мышц живота шириной в 5 см приводит к увеличению объема брюшной полости на 10,0% и сопровождается снижением внутрибрюшного давления на 17,6%. Интраабдоминальную гипертензию I и II степени в послеоперационном периоде среди пациентов I группы выявили у 30,8%, во II – в 53,3%, АКС не отмечали. В I группе в 86,4% случаев в отдаленном периоде определяли послеоперационную вентральную грыжу. Применение способа аллопластики с формированием диастаза позволило избежать развития АКС и послеоперационных вентральных грыж., У роботі представлена розробка методу профілактики абдомінального компартмент-синдрому (АКС) після лапаротомії та результати його застосування. Пацієнтам I групи по закінченню хірургічного втручання ушивали тільки шкіру (n=26), II – застосовували алопластику передньої черевної стінки з формуванням стійкого діастазу прямих м'язів живота (n=15). Теоретичні розрахунки і оцінка практичних результатів показали, що формування діастазу прямих м'язів живота шириною в 5 см призводить до збільшення об’єму черевної порожнини на 10,0% і супроводжується зниженням внутрішньочеревного тиску на 17,6%. Інтраабдомінальну гіпертензію I та II ступеня в післяопераційному періоді серед пацієнтів I групи виявили у 30,8%, в II – в 53,3%, АКС не відзначали. У I групі в 86,4% випадків у віддаленому періоді визначали післяопераційну вентральну грижу. Застосування способу алопластики з формуванням стійкого діастазу дозволило уникнути розвитку АКС і післяопераційних вентральних гриж.

Aim of study – assessment of structure of the pool of free amino acids and related compounds in patients with ishemic heart disease (IHD) depending on the presence of chronic heart insufficiency (CHI) as possessing possible diagnostic value. Material and methods. Amino acid pools were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography in plasma of 45 patients with IHD including 20 patients with CHI and 30 healthy persons. Results. Hyperhomocysteinemia is distinctive for patients with CHI only. Changes in levels of compounds related to amino acid transport to cells (decreased content of total cysteinylglycine, increased – of total cysteine and glutathione) were seen even in absence of CHI. Increased level of serotonin and decreased – of tryptophan in plasma were observed regardless of the CHI. Conclusion. Manifestation of CHI can substantially aggravate the amino acid imbalance existing in blood plasma of patients with IHD.

In Ukraine an expert institution by its functional tasks appreciably depends on provision of professional and qualitative services in carrying out forensic expert activity. However its possibilities are much wider, it can really realize influence on the public phenomena and processes within the competence defined by the law. This needs, on the one hand, financing, settlement of some questions at legislative level, and on another - competent and knowledgeable cooperation with law enforcement bodies. As the experience evidences, activity of an expert institution depends on many factors, but first of all, from clearly outlined regulatory direction. The constitutional principle of independency is laid in the basis of almost all legislation of Ukraine and of all political, law-enforcement aspects ofstatehood existence. Thus, article 1 ofthe Constitution of Ukraine formalizes that Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, law-based state. This means that state bodies should categorically observe these principles that was reflected in the principle of judges independency, and in self-sufficiency and independency of an investigator, and in a procedural self-sufficiency of forensic expert. The regulatory policy of an expert institution in its activity is based on certain principles but in order this mechanism to be effective it’s necessary to be not only self-sufficient institution but also to function on the basis of partnership with other law enforcement bodies and public organizations. Therefore, today a governing tendency is a formation of partner relations between expert institutions of Ukraine, including expert institutions which are subordinated to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Ministry ofInternal Affairs of Ukraine and other law enforcement bodies and also with people and public organizations.

In this paper we present the results on speckle noise suppression in the entire visible spectrum using moving 3D diffractive optical element (DOE) based on the pseudorandom binary M-sequence. Spectral dependence of the speckle suppression efficiency as a function of moving speed and basic unit height of the DOE has been measured. The most effective 3D DOE structure for speckle reduction in the whole visible range has been determined. For the optimal DOE structure the speckle reduction coefficients of 21, 15 and 14 for light wavelengths of 633, 532 and 405 nm, respectively, have been obtained. Experimental results confirmed the high efficiency of the speckle noise suppression method in the entire visible spectrum.

The article presents a case study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a child. The patient stayed for several months in a leishmaniasis endemic area - in Tajikistan. This case is interesting from the point of view of verification of the infection that is not endemic in Russia.

// Sing Y. Moorcraft 1 , Thomas Jones 2 , Brian A. Walker 1 , George Ladas 2 , Eleftheria Kalaitzaki 1 , Lina Yuan 1 , Ruwaida Begum 1 , Zakaria Eltahir 1 , Andrew Wotherspoon 1 , Angeles Montero-Fernandez 2 , Larissa S. Teixeira Mendes 1 , David Gonzalez de Castro 1 , Sanna Hulkki Wilson 1 , Paula Proszek 1 , Ye M. To 1 , Eliza Hawkes 1 , Amitesh Roy 1 , David Cunningham 1 , Sheela Rao 1 , David Watkins 1 , Naureen Starling 1 , Anne M. Bowcock 3 and Ian Chau 1 1 The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, United Kingdom 2 The Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom 3 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom Correspondence to: Ian Chau, email: ian.chau@rmh.nhs.uk Keywords: colorectal cancer, heterogeneity, metastasectomy, pulmonary metastases, RAS Received: October 06, 2016 Accepted: March 29, 2017 Published: April 11, 2017 ABSTRACT This study aimed to molecularly characterise colorectal pulmonary metastases (PM) and investigate whether their molecular profiles were concordant with those of the primary tumour. Clinical data and archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent ≥ 1 pulmonary metastasectomies for colorectal cancer between 1997–2012. Primary tumour and metastatic samples were analysed using a targeted capture sequencing panel of 46 cancer-associated genes. The 5-year progression-free and overall survival rates for the 81 patients in this study were 32% (95% CI 22–42%) and 77% (95% CI 66–85%) respectively. Fifty-four patients had samples available from ≥ 1 PM, and sequencing data were successfully obtained from 33 PM from 24 patients. The most frequently mutated genes were APC (71%), KRAS (58%) and TP53 (46%). Seventy-three percent of the 15 patients with matched primary and PM samples and 6 of the 7 patients (86%) with data from ≥ 2 PM had concordant molecular profiles. The concordance for KRAS and NRAS was 100%. At our institutions, patients with resectable colorectal PM had a favourable prognosis. RAS mutations were commonly detected in PM and the molecular profiles of colorectal PM were highly concordant with the primary tumour.

The article substantiates the efficiency of the institutional assurance of the agricultural business economic capacity development. The ways and the institutional effect of the reformations in the agricultural sector have been defined. The aims of the state regulative policy under influence of the agricultural business have been revealed. The dynamics of the main rates changes of Ukraine’s agricultural business development efficiency has been analyzed.

Scientific and methodological aspects of the development of oil and gas fields at the use of hydraulic fracturing have been considered. The causes of unsatisfactory results at hydraulic fracturing, and also factors to be taken into account when choosing a well and a bed for hydraulic fracturing have been analyzed. It has been established that geological factors (in-place permeability, skin-factor, bed formation pressure, bed formation litho­logy, thickness, mechanical reservoir characteristics etc.) at hydraulic fracturing planning have a main impact on the hydraulic fracturing efficiency, and the errors introduced at the study of these factors are predetermined either by the insufficient study of collecting and host properties of the bed formation, or by the insufficient study of a trap.

Background In a wide range of industries, noise-induced hearing loss remains one of the most prevalent occupational problems. This study aimed to assess the noise exposure level and associated factors of hearing loss among textile workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Textile mill (Thamine), Yangon Region, from April to December 2018. In total, 226 workers who were randomly selected from 3 weaving sections participated in face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. A digital sound level meter and pure-tone audiometer were used for the assessment of noise exposure level and hearing loss, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associated factors of hearing loss. Results In total workers, 66.4% were exposed to ≥85 dB(A) of noise exposure, and the prevalence of hearing loss was 25.7%. Age ≥35 years, below high school education, hearing difficulty, tinnitus, hypertension, > 9 years of service duration in a textile mill were positively associated with hearing loss. After adjusting confounding factors, age ≥35 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6.90, 95% confidence interval = 3.45-13.82) and tinnitus (adjusted odds ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-7.37) were persistently associated with hearing loss. Conclusion Providing occupational hazard education and enforcement of occupational safety regulations should be taken to decrease the noise exposure level. The regular audiometry test should be conducted for assessment of hearing threshold shift. The employer needs to implement a hearing conservation program in workplace when noise exposure reaches or exceeds 85 dB(A) for 8 hours.