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The standard regimens for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation were based on antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in combination with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). To improve the efficiency of GvHD prophylaxis in MUD peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (MUD-PBSCT), 51 patients with hematological malignancies received a novel regimen for GvHD prophylaxis, which is composed of low dose of ATG (5 mg/kg) plus low-dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy, 50 mg/kg) (low-dose ATG/PTCy) combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The cumulative incidences (CIs) of grades I–IV and II–IV acute GvHD (aGvHD) were 14.5% (95% CI, 9.4–19.6%) and 6.2% (95% CI, 2.8–9.6%) within 100 days after transplantation, respectively. The CI of mild-to-moderate chronic GvHD (cGvHD) within 1 year was 11.5% (95% CI, 6.6–16.4%). The 1-year probabilities of GvHD and relapse-free survival, relapse-free survival, and over survival were 70.6% (95% CI, 64.2–77.0%), 76.5% (95% CI, 70.6–82.4%), and 82.0% (95% CI, 76.5–87.5%), respectively. The CIs of CMV and EBV reactivation by day 180 were 10.4% (95% CI, 1.5–19.4%) and 8.3% (95% CI, 0.2–16.4%), respectively. The results suggested that low-dose ATG/PTCy combined with CsA/MMF as GvHD prophylaxis in MUD-PBSCT had promising activity.

Background The aim of this study was to analyze the level of CD33 expression in patients with newly diagnosed AML and determine its correlation with clinical characteristics. Methods Samples were collected for analysis from AML patients at diagnosis. We evaluated the level of CD33 expression by flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow. Chi-square or t- tests were used to assess the association between the high and low CD33 expression groups. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model method. Results In this study we evaluated the level of CD33 expression in de novo patients diagnosed from November 2013 until January 2019. The mean value of 73.4% was used as the cutoff for the two groups. Statistical analysis revealed that 53 of the 86 (61.2%) AML patients were above the mean. Although there was no statistical significance between CD33 expression level and gene mutation, FLT3 mutation (P = 0.002) and NPM1 mutation (P = 0.001) were more likely to be seen in the high CD33 group. The overall survival (OS) was worse in the high CD33 group (39.0 m vs. 16.7 m, x2 = 13.06, P p = 0.008). Univariate analysis showed that the high expression of CD33 was an unfavorable prognostic factor. Of the 86 patients, CD33-high was closely related to the patients with normal karyotype (x2 = 4.891,P = 0.027), high white blood cell count (WBC, t = 2.804, P = 0.007), and a high ratio of primitive cells (t = 2.851, P = 0.005). Conclusions These findings provide a strong rationale for targeting CD33 in combination with chemotherapy, which can be considered a promising therapeutic strategy for AML.

Because of the inefficiency of manual adjustment for metro traffic regulation currently, it is important to develop efficient methods to improve automation. This paper investigates the design of metro traffic regulation controllers subjected to operational constraints. In the literature, a state space model is used to describe the dynamics of metro loop lines. Considering the future trends of the metro traffic system, we develop an improved state space model where the predicted near-future states are included in the state vector. Meanwhile, the metro traffic regulation problem is formulated as an optimal control problem with a multi-step horizon, which can be solved as a quadratic programming problem. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed controller.

The effect of non-cytotoxic doses of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the metastatic capability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. miR483-3p, a microRNA whose expression correlates inversely with survival and positively with disease progression in HCC patients, was found to promote HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro as well as lung metastasis in nude mice established by the tail-vein injection of HCC cells. The induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulation of antioxidant defense factors Nrf2 and SOD2 appeared to be an important underlying mechanism and treatment with a non-cytotoxic dose of EGCG effectively reversed the miR483-3p-induced enhancement of HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, administration through drinking water at doses (0.1% and 0.5% EGCG solution, respectively) equivalent to the intake of regular to heavy tea drinkers could also significantly inhibit lung metastasis of HCC cells based on the estimation from the USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods and FDA guidelines for the conversion of animal dose to human equivalent dose. EGCG also significantly counteracted the miR483-3p-induced alteration in the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, E-cadherin and vimentin, and downregulated the endogenous expression of miR483-3p in HCC cells through an epigenetic mechanism that led to the hypermethylation of the miR483-3p promoter region. The data from our study illustrate that miR483-3p promotes HCC metastasis likely through the induction of oxidative stress and uncover a novel role of EGCG for protection against miR483-3p-mediated HCC metastasis via the epigenetic modulation of miR483-3p expression. These findings therefore provide further evidence supporting that regular tea consumption may contribute to protection against miR-483-3p-induced ROS and the associated HCC progression.

Background B7-H4 is among the B7 family members which may serve as a new targetable immune checkpoint molecule. It was reported that high level of serum B7-H4 level may be correlated with lymphoma. Nevertheless, the role of B7-H4 in Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (EBV+DLBCL) has not been addressed although it has been suggested that B7-H4 could promote tumor growth and metastatic progression in certain cancers. Methods Between January 2005 and November 2017 at the department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Shanghai General Hospital 260 DLBCL samples were analyzed for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBV-EBER) by in situ hybridization. The expression level of B7-H4 in DLBCL tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the role of B7-H4 in DLBCL was further investigated in DLBCL cell line. Results EBV+DLBCL patients suffered from markedly lower overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates in our study. We showed that B7-H4 was significantly overexpressed in 16 EBV+-subgroup cases out of 260 DLBCL patients. We further found that EBV infection in lymphoblast cells led to enhanced expression of B7-H4 followed by increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of B7-H4 simultaneously impaired cell viability and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, inhibiting B7-H4 resulted in decreased phosphorylation Erk 1/2 and Akt. Conclusion Our study reveals a critical role of B7-H4 in EBV+DLBCL development by regulating cell survival and apoptosis through the Erk and Akt signalling pathways. Targetting B7-H4 may be promising in the therapy of EBV+DLBCL.

For high-density metro traffic, nowadays the time-variant passenger flow is the main cause of train delays and stranded passengers. Typically, the main objective of automatic metro traffic regulation methods is to minimize the delay time of trains while passengers' satisfaction is not considered. Instead, in this work, a novel framework that integrates a passenger flow module (PFM) and a train operation module (TOM) is proposed with the aim of simultaneously minimizing traffic delays and passengers' discomfort. In particular, the PFM is devoted to the optimization of the headway time in case of platform overcrowding, so as to reduce the passengers waiting time at platforms and increase the load rate of trains; while the TOM is devoted to the minimization of trains' delays. The two modules interact with each other so that the headway time is automatically adjusted when a platform is overcrowded, and the train traffic is immediately regulated according to the new headway time. As a result, the number of passengers on the platform and their total waiting time can be significantly reduced. Numerical results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the operation performance while minimizing the passengers' discomfort., Comment: This work has been submitted to the 2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)

Different strategies were taken to make virotherapy more effective at killing cancer cells. Among them, oncolytic virus which arms the therapeutic gene to enhance antitumor activity is a prevalent approach. In this study, a newly developed oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) that expresses Beclin-1 (OVV-BECN1) was tested for its in vitro and in vivo oncolytic activity in blood cancer. Results showed that the OVV exhibited higher infectivity for leukemia cells. OVV-BECN1 induced significant apoptosis-independent cell death either in wild-type leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines or caspase-3 shRNA leukemia cell lines, and had a superior antitumor activity compared to the parent OVV. Autophagic cell death induced by OVV-BECN1 was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, upregulation of SIRT-1, a member of class III histone deacetylases, by OVV-BECN1 resulted in the deacetylation of LC3 and its distribution from the nucleus toward the cytoplasm, which might contribute to induction of autophagy. Overall, our data showed a favorable therapeutic effect of the oncolytic vaccinia virus on blood cancers through oncolytic and autophagic mechanisms, and may therefore constitute a promising and effective therapeutic strategy for treating human leukemia and MM. However, further studies are warranted for its reliable clinical translation.

This paper summarizes the origin of the Mass Maker Space and the development of the Mass Maker Space in colleges and universities and discuss the necessity of co-building Mass Maker Space in colleges and universities from many aspects, such as the local government support, fund and financial institution support, cooperation with professional Mass Maker Space companies, cooperation with enterprises, cooperation with scientific research institutions, etc. This paper then introduces the specific cases of the cooperation of the Mass Maker Space in colleges and universities, including South China University of Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, South China Agricultural University, Shenzhen University, Guangzhou University of Science and Technology, Guangdong College of Business and Technology, and so on. Last but not the least, this paper analyzes the existing problems and general countermeasures of Mass Maker Space in colleges and universities, and proposes to improve the whole process of the innovation service "Mass Maker Space + Incubator + Accelerator".

In this paper we address the opacity verification problem in modular discrete event systems. We assume that the system is composed by several components that are modeled by deterministic finite automata and there is one intruder. The notion of current-state opacity in modular systems is defined. Rather than constructing the modular system through parallel composition and its observer, we show that current-state opacity of modular systems can be locally determined, i.e., determined by opacity of its components.

Motivation During cancer stage transition, a master regulator (MR) refers to the key gene controlling cancer initiation and progression by orchestrating the associated target genes (termed as its regulon). Due to their inherent importance, MRs can serve as critical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and therapeutic targets. However, it is challenging to infer key MRs that might explain gene expression profile changes between two groups due to lack of context-specific regulons, whose expression level can collectively reflect the activity of likely MRs. There is also a need to design an easy-to-use tool of MR identification for research community. Results First, we generated cancer-specific regulons for 26 cancer types by analyzing high-throughput omics data from TCGA, and extracted noncancer-specific regulons from public databases. We subsequently developed a web server MR4Cancer, integrating the regulons with statistical inference to identify and prioritize MRs driving a phenotypic divergence of interest. Based on the input gene list (e.g. differentially expressed genes) or expression profile with two groups, MR4Cancer outputs ranked MRs by enrichment testing against the predefined regulons. Gene Ontology and canonical pathway analyses are also conducted to elucidate the function of likely MRs. Moreover, MR4Cancer provides dynamic network visualization for MR-target relations, and users can interactively interrogate the network to produce new hypotheses and high-quality figures for publication. Finally, the presented case studies highlighted the performance of MR4Cancer. We expect this user-friendly and powerful web tool will provide researchers novel insights into tumorigenesis and therapeutic intervention. Availability and implementation http://cis.hku.hk/MR4Cancer Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

The double wire gas metal arc welding (GMAW) technology combined with double pulse low-frequency modulation offers the benefits of the higher efficiency of double wire GMAW combined with superior weld joint quality offered by double pulse low-frequency modulation. However, the potential for severe double arc interference of double wire double-pulsed GMAW affects the stability of the welding process and has thus far limited its widespread use. In this study, high-speed photography was used to record the arc profiles and arc interference of double wire double-pulsed GMAW in the synchronous and alternant phases, while the voltage and current waveforms were simultaneously recorded. Experimental results demonstrated that the double arc deflection of the strong pulse was more severe than that of the weak pulse due to the high current associated with a strong pulse. It was also discovered that the trailing arc stiffness was lower than the leading arc stiffness. Moreover, the deflection of trailing arc was greater under the influence of the leading arc’s electromagnetic attraction. Whereas, the arc deflection of the pulse stage in the alternant phase was small, less than that of the pulse stage in the synchronous phase, the arc deflection of the background stage was much greater. Furthermore, the arc deflections of the pulse and background stages in the synchronous phase were smaller than the arc deflection of the background stage in the alternant phase. Finally, the leading and in the synchronous phase maintained their stiffness and demonstrated weaker magnetic arc blow, fewer spatters, a more refined fish-scale appearance, and weld beads with better uniformity.

// Wanmao Ni 1 , Beili Hu 2 , Cuiping Zheng 3 , Yin Tong 4 , Lei Wang 1 , Qing-qing Li 1 , Xiangmin Tong 1 , Yong Han 1 1 Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China 2 Medical of College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China 3 The Center Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China 4 Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China Correspondence to: Xiangmin Tong, email: tongxiangmin@163.com Yong Han, email: onlune@126.com Keywords: flow cytometry, immunophenotyping, support vector machine, acute myeloid leukemia, minimal residual disease Received: July 04, 2016 Accepted: September 29, 2016 Published: October 04, 2016 ABSTRACT We investigated the ability of support vector machines (SVM) to analyze minimal residual disease (MRD) in flow cytometry data from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) automatically, objectively and standardly. The initial disease data and MRD review data in the form of 159 flow cytometry standard 3.0 files from 36 CD7-positive AML patients in whom MRD was detected more than once were exported. SVM was used for training with setting the initial disease data to 1 as the flag and setting 15 healthy persons to set 0 as the flag. Based on the two training groups, parameters were optimized, and a predictive model was built to analyze MRD data from each patient. The automated analysis results from the SVM model were compared to those obtained through conventional analysis to determine reliability. Automated analysis results based on the model did not differ from and were correlated with results obtained through conventional analysis (correlation coefficient c = 0.986, P > 0.05). Thus the SVM model could potentially be used to analyze flow cytometry-based AML MRD data automatically, objectively, and in a standardized manner.

Summary MicroRNAs play critical roles in oncogenesis by targeting a few key regulators or a large cohort of genes impinging on downstream signaling pathways. Conversely, miRNA activity is also titrated by competitive endogenous RNA such as lncRNA with sponge effect. Web-based server, miRNACancerMap, aims to unravel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA tripartite complexity to predict the function and clinical relevance of miRNA with network perspective. In conjunction with large-scale data and information integration, miRNACancerMap implements various algorithms and pipelines to construct dynamic miRNA-centered network with rigorous Systems Biology approaches and the state-of-the-art visualization tool. The capability of the server to generate testable hypotheses was exemplified with cases to identify hub miRNAs regulating most of the differentially-expressed genes involved in cancer stage transition, miRNA-TF pairs shared by pan-cancers and lncRNA sponges validated by multiple datasets. LncRNAs sharing the same miRNAs binding sites as mRNAs can sequester miRNAs and indirectly regulate the activity of the related mRNAs. We have re-annotated traditional microarray chips, and included these datasets in the server to enable validation of the predicted lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulations derived from TCGA RNA-seq data. Of note, our server enables identifying miRNAs associated with cancer signaling pathways, and related lncRNA sponges from pan-cancers with only a few mouse clicks. Availability and implementation http://cis.hku.hk/miRNACancerMAP Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

The control logic in the traditional interlocking depends on human's experience, lacking a unified generation and verification method. In this paper, we use Petri nets to model railway stations and then obtain the mathematically optimal control logic to ensure safety and liveness. First, we use a modular method based on its devices including track segments, signals and switches. The interlocking condition is formulated as a set of linear constraints. According to the supervisory control theory, monitor places can be calculated to enforce the constraints. Finally the control logic derived from the monitor place is proven maximally permissive. Finally we take the simulation to investigate the performance of the control logic.

Background Bacterial infections are very common among patients with hematological diseases. Scant data are available regarding differences in the epidemiology and biological features of bacterial infections in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. Methods The aim of this survey was to compare the bacterial pathogens in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients in the same ward during an 8-year period. Results A total of 1139 bacterial strains were isolated from 1071 patients with hematological diseases. The percentage of Gram-negative bacteria was significantly higher in neutropenic patients than in non-neutropenic patients (70.4% vs. 55.0%, respectively, P < .01). In neutropenic patients, the most commonly-isolated bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In respiratory exudates, Gram-negative bacteria were also more frequently isolated from neutropenic patients than from non-neutropenic patients (79.1% vs. 56.1%, respectively, P < .01). The proportion of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli was significantly higher in neutropenic patients than in non-neutropenic patients (52.9% vs. 30.5%, respectively, P < .01). In blood culture samples from neutropenic patients, the most frequently identified pathogens, apart from coagulase negative staphylococcus, were Gram-negative bacilli (58.2%). In addition, the proportion of Escherichia coli in neutropenic patients was significantly higher than that in non-neutropenic patients (P < .01). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from neutropenic patients also produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases at a higher rate of than those strains from non-neutropenic patients (Escherichia coli, 57.6% vs. 30.3%, respectively, P < .01; Klebsiella pneumonia, 31.9% vs. 13.0%, respectively, P < .01). Conclusions This study showed that there are significant differences in the epidemiology and biological features of bacteria isolated from neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients.

// Daolin Wei 1 , Yin Tong 1 , Haitao Bai 1 , Qi Cai 1 , Yanrong Gao 1 , Chun Wang 1 1 Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China Correspondence to: Chun Wang, email: wangchun2@medmail.com.cn Keywords: multiple myeloma, bortezomib, response rate, adverse event Received: April 21, 2016 Accepted: September 14, 2016 Published: September 21, 2016 ABSTRACT Background: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dose increased weekly Bortezomib (Bor) based combination therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Results: The overall response rate (ORR) in the modified Bor group was 76.6%, composed of 40% complete response (CR), 3.3% very good partial response (VGPR) and 33.3% partial response (PR). The ORR was 82.3%, with 26.5% CR, 5.9% VGPR and 50% PR in control. A subgroup analysis showed both groups had equal efficacy in newly diagnosed MM patients ( P = 1.000). The median progression free survival was 16 (11.7–20.3) months for the modified Bor group and 12 (10.5–13.5) months for the control ( P = 0.503), and the median overall survival was 36 (9.4–62.6) vs 28 (21.6–34.4) months ( P = 0.759). The incidences of AEs were similar except grade 1–4 peripheral neuropathy (PN) rate was 10% in modified regime group and 32.4% in control ( P = 0.038). Materials and Methods: This was a monocentric, prospective, non-randomized, phase IV, non-inferiority trial. Thirty MM patients were treated with modified Bor-based combination therapy (Bor 1.6 mg/m 2 on day 1, 8), with 34 MM patients on conventional Bor-based combination therapy (1.3 mg/m 2 on day 1, 4, 8, 11) as control. The responses and adverse events (AEs) were compared. Conclusions: The increased-dose weekly Bor-based combination therapies were not inferior to conventional ones in terms of response and survival benefit, but showed lower rate of peripheral neuropathy (PN).

Background: To obtain the learning curve in determining fetal sex with the first trimester ultrasound scan. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 400 pregnant patients to determine the fetal sex by ultrasound scan between 11–13+6 weeks of gestation. A midsagittal plane of the fetus was obtained by two sonographers who were newly trained for measuring nuchal translucency. It would be assigned as male if the fetal phallus was in the cranial direction and assigned as female if in caudal direction. The baby sex was confirmed after delivery. The accuracy of each sonographer was analyzed after every 50 ultrasound scans performed. Results: Nearly all the patients requested to be informed about the fetal sex during ultrasound. The accuracy in determining fetal sex by the two sonographers increased with the number of ultrasound scans performed. The two sonographers achieved an accuracy rate of 71.4–78% after 200 ultrasound scans performed. Among different factors which may affect the accuracy in determining fetal sex with ultrasound, a gestational age less than 12 weeks had a significantly lower accuracy than those more than 12 weeks, and male fetuses had significantly higher accuracy than female fetuses. A logistic regression model showed that these two factors remained significant in the equation (p

BACKGROUND In a cytology-based screening program intended to prevent anal cancer, the anal transformation zone (TZ) should be adequately sampled because it is the site most susceptible to the development of the cancer precursor, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). An adequate TZ component is defined as comprising at least 10 rectal columnar or squamous metaplastic cells. In the current study, the authors examined whether the presence of a TZ component in anal cytology correlated with the detection of histological HSIL. METHODS In a natural history study of anal human papillomavirus infection in homosexual men, all participants underwent liquid-based cytology and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with or without biopsy at each visit. True-negative cytology (negative cytology with non-HSIL biopsy or negative HRA), false-negative cytology (negative cytology with HSIL biopsy), and true-positive cytology (abnormal cytology with HSIL biopsy) were compared with regard to the presence or absence of a TZ component. RESULTS Of 617 participants, baseline results included 155 true-positive results, 191 true-negative results, and 31 false-negative results. The absence of an adequate TZ component was found to be significantly higher for false-negative (32.3%) than for either true-positive (11.0%; P = .0034) or true-negative (13.1%; P = .0089) results. CONCLUSIONS Significantly more false-negative cases lacked a TZ component compared with either true-positive or true-negative cases. TZ cells may be an important indicator of sample quality for anal cytology because, unlike cervical sampling, the anal canal is not visualized during cytology sampling. Cancer Cytopathol 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Background: High morbidity and mortality in patient receiving hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) are resulted from lung complications. Diagnosis of the etiology affects the choice of treatment. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis is safe and widely accepted, which provide valuable information for pathogen identification in pulmonary infections diagnosis. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of multiple diagnostic methods in BAL fluid (BALF) microbiological analysis from HSCT patients, and determine clinically relevant cutoffs of (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) level and CMV virus load(VL) for pneumonia diagnosis. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 104 patients with pulmonary infiltrate between January 2016 and June 2019 at the Department of Hematology of the Shanghai General hospital(Table 1). This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Shanghai general hospital Institute. BAL sampling was routinely performed by trained physicians by fiberoptic bronchoscope. BALF samples were analyzed by microbiological culture, flow cytometry, PCR and mNGS.Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package of SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for statistical analyses.Continuous variables were compared with Student's t-test.ROC curves were constructed to assess BDG for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP),CMVDNA and the percent of CD4+T lymphocyte for CMV pneumonia Results: All cases were examined by diverse methodology, including microbiological, radiologic, molecular and cytological methods. A total of 130 episodes of lung complication were identified in 104 patients. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 108 of the 130 episodes evaluated (83%)(Table 2).By microbiological method, The percentage of bacteria cultured from BALF was 19.2%, which was similar with that from sputum(17.7%).BALF culture produced better diagnostic yield of fungi than sputum (18.5% VS 8.5%, P=.028).In 95 episodes receiving GM test, 5 episodes were diagnosed as probable IA and 41 episodes as possible IA.At a cutoff optical density index (ODI) value of ≥0.7, the sensitivity of BALF GM detection was much higher than that of serum GM detection (71.7% versus 21.7%; P=0.001), but there was no significant difference between their specificities (91.8% versus 100%; P=0.68). BDG level were highest in patient with PJP than other fungi and non-fungi pneumonia(Figure 1).For the detection of suspected PJP, the sensitivity, specificity, the cutoff (pg/mL) of BDG was 71.43%, 88.89% and 161.2pg/ml in BAL fluid and 71.43%, 83.33% and 317.4pg/ml in serum(Figure 2). Radiologic results show that not well circumscribed or diffuse consolidations were common seen in bacterial infection(66.7%) and fungul infection(94.1%) and mixed infection(>50%), while interstitial lung abnormalities were seen in viral infection (62.5%) and IPS (90%) and mixed fungal and viral infection(62.5%)(Table 3). As target test of molecular diagnostic method, PCR analysis of BALF produced better diagnosis yield than serum and the sensitivity, specificity, CMVDNA cutoff (pg/mL) of PCR in BAL fluid was 96.3%, 92.31% and 8610 copy/ml(Figure 3). As unbias molecular diagnositic method, metagenomics (mNGS) results from 42 patients show positive agreement of 28.6% (12/42) and unique respiratory pathogens found of 14.3% (6/42) when compared with traditional culture and PCR testing method. In 28.6% (12/42) cases, the results of mNGS agreed with traditional culture and PCR, while pathogens were only detected by mNGS in 6 cases (14.3% ) . The false negative rate of mNGS was 22.2%, and the specificity was 54.5%. Flow cytometry results show that CD4+/CD8+ T cells in BALF were significantly different between infectious disease and idiopathic pneumonia. CD4+ T cells in BALF were lowest in CMV pneumonia when compared with bacteria and fungi infection and IPS(Figure 4). For the detection of suspected CMV pneumonia, the sensitivity, specificity and percentage cutoff of CD4+T cells in BALF were 88.89%, 80.49% and 13.74%(Figure 5). Conclusion: Each method applied in this study shows unique advantage in diagnosis of lung complication following HSCT with BAL based analysis. mNGS cannot replace either culture or PCR, but it is useful in culture-negative patients. Combination of multiple examination is required. Cytology analysis and flow cytometry of BALF facilitated the etiology diagnosis in HSCT patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The traditional finite state machine (FSM) cannot express complicated systems due to its flattened sequential features. A safe state machine (SSM) is an extension of FSMs with capability of expressing hierarchical structure, parallel structure and historical mechanism. Therefore, it can accurately express complicated functions of a system, and SSMs have strict formal semantics. This paper provides a method for generating test paths based on SSMs. A method of creating the reachability graph (RG) of an SSM is presented, which can eliminate the hierarchical and parallel structure, and mark the history states. Finally, test paths are generated based on certain test coverage criteria of the RG mode.

A double pulse low-frequency modulation method was proposed to improve heat input control and enhance weld quality during high-power double-wire pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW). By constructing a mathematical model, relationships between parameters of double pulse low-frequency modulation and energy input were analyzed. A correction coefficient was added to overcome physical characteristics of charging and discharging in a welding circuit. Thus, qualitative relationships between parameters of double pulse low-frequency modulation and energy input were described more accurately. Bead-on-plate welding experiments were conducted in a synchronous phase mode. A stable welding process was achieved and perfect weld bead shapes were acquired. Modulation frequency imposed a significant effect on both weld width and penetration, while modulation duty cycle had a significant effect on penetration and little effect on weld width. Modulation frequency significantly influenced refinement of grain size. Weak and strong pulses of low-frequency modulation improved heat input control, strengthened stirring action of double pulse on weld pool, and enhanced fluidity of molten metals, thereby contributing to optimization of weld quality.

One less addressed issue of deep reinforcement learning is the lack of generalization capability based on new state and new target, for complex tasks, it is necessary to give the correct strategy and evaluate all possible actions for current state. Fortunately, deep reinforcement learning has enabled enormous progress in both subproblems: giving the correct strategy and evaluating all actions based on the state. In this paper we present an approach called orthogonal policy gradient descent(OPGD) that can make agent learn the policy gradient based on the current state and the actions set, by which the agent can learn a policy network with generalization capability. we evaluate the proposed method on the 3D autonomous driving enviroment TORCS compared with the baseline model, detailed analyses of experimental results and proofs are also given., Comment: accepted as conference paper of IEEE/ICSESS2018

In order to overcome the shortcomings of conventional chargers for electrical vehicles (EVs), a digital fast charging system with positive and negative pulse was developed. Phase-shift full-bridge topology was used in the charger which was operated at soft-switching mode, resulting in higher efficiency. In order to acquire an actual charging curve that is consistent with the ideal one, a four-phase charging scheme which includes positive and negative pulse was adopted. Consequently, the charging speed was increased, while the overcharging and gassing were reduced. Issues in the pulse switching process were solved by specific measures. Experimental results showed that positive and negative pulse was steadily achieved and fast charging was effectively realized in the proposed digital fast charging system.

We evaluated the efficacy of low-dose all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus minimal chemotherapy for induction in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Furthermore, we compared its long-term outcome with or without the addition of intravenous arsenic trioxide (ATO) in post-remission therapy. From January 2004 to September 2011, a total of 109 patients with a median age of 41 years (range 14–73) were enrolled in the study. Two arms were assigned according to post-remission protocols: ATO group cases were subsequently treated with intravenous ATO, standard chemotherapy, and ATRA. No-ATO group cases were subsequently treated with chemotherapy and ATRA only. Patients were monitored of minimal residual disease (MRD) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The haematologic complete remission (CR) rate was 96.3%. The early death rate was 0.9%. At a median follow-up of 49 months (range 8–102 months), the Kaplan–Meier estimates of 5-year relapse-free survival were significantly better for patients in the ATO group than in the no-ATO group, 94.4% vs 54.8% (p = 0.0001), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 95.7% vs 64.1%, in the two groups (p = 0.003). Our data show that low-dose ATRA plus minimal chemotherapy exhibits efficacy in induction therapy for untreated APL and suggest that the addition of ATO to post-remission therapy significantly improves the long-term outcome. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Summary Background Homoharringtonine-based induction regimens have been widely used in China for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. However, their efficacy has not been tested in a multicentre randomised controlled trial in a large population. We assessed the efficacy and safety of homoharringtonine-based induction treatment for management of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia. Methods This open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study was done in 17 institutions in China between September, 2007, and July, 2011. Untreated patients aged 14–59 years with acute myeloid leukaemia were randomly assigned (by a computer-generated allocation schedule without stratification) to receive one of three induction regimens in a 1:1:1 ratio: homoharringtonine 2 mg/m 2 per day on days 1–7, cytarabine 100 mg/m 2 per day on days 1–7, and aclarubicin 20 mg/day on days 1–7 (HAA); homoharringtonine 2 mg/m 2 per day on days 1–7, cytarabine 100 mg/m 2 per day on days 1–7, and daunorubicin 40 mg/m 2 per day on days 1–3 (HAD); or daunorubicin 40–45 mg/m 2 per day on days 1–3 and cytarabine 100 mg/m 2 per day on days 1–7 (DA). Patients in complete remission were offered two cycles of intermediate-dose cytarabine (2 g/m 2 every 12 h on days 1–3). The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients who achieved complete remission after two cycles of induction treatment and event-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTR-TRC-06000054. Findings We enrolled 620 patients, of whom 609 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. 150 of 206 patients (73%) in the HAA group achieved complete remission versus 125 of 205 (61%) in the DA group (p=0·0108); 3-year event-free survival was 35·4% (95% CI 28·6–42·2) versus 23·1% (95% CI 17·4–29·3; p=0·0023). 133 of 198 patients (67%) in the HAD group had complete remission ( vs DA, p=0·20) and 3-year event-free survival was 32·7% (95% CI 26·1–39·5; vs DA, p=0·08). Adverse events were much the same in all groups, except that more patients in the HAA (12 of 206 [5·8%]) and HAD (13 of 198 [6·6%]) groups died within 30 days than in the DA group (two of 205 [1%]; p=0·0067 vs HAA; p=0·0030 vs HAD). Interpretation A regimen of homoharringtonine, cytarabine, and aclarubicin is a treatment option for young, newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Funding Chinese National High Tech Programme, Key Special Research Foundation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, National Nature Science Foundation of China, National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project.

Current-state opacity is a key security property in discrete event systems. A system is said to be current-state opaque if the intruder, who only has partial observations on the system's evolution, is never able to infer that the current state of the system is within a set of secret states. In this work, we address the problem of enforcing current-state opacity by supervisory control. Given a system that is modeled with a finite automaton and that is not current-state opaque with respect to a given secret, the enforcement problem consists in designing a supervisor so that the controlled system is current-state opaque. We assume that the supervisor can only observe and control a subset of events. To be more general, we assume no specific containment relationship exists between the sets of events that can be observed by the intruder and the supervisor, respectively. We call this general setting uncomparable observations. We show that the maximally permissive supervisor always exists and propose a novel approach for its design.

We present Virtual Pharmacist, a web-based platform that takes common types of high-throughput data, namely microarray SNP genotyping data, FASTQ and Variant Call Format (VCF) files as inputs, and reports potential drug responses in terms of efficacy, dosage and toxicity at one glance. Batch submission facilitates multivariate analysis or data mining of targeted groups. Individual analysis consists of a report that is readily comprehensible to patients and practioners who have basic knowledge in pharmacology, a table that summarizes variants and potential affected drug response according to the US Food and Drug Administration pharmacogenomic biomarker labeled drug list and PharmGKB, and visualization of a gene-drug-target network. Group analysis provides the distribution of the variants and potential affected drug response of a target group, a sample-gene variant count table, and a sample-drug count table. Our analysis of genomes from the 1000 Genome Project underlines the potentially differential drug responses among different human populations. Even within the same population, the findings from Watson's genome highlight the importance of personalized medicine. Virtual Pharmacist can be accessed freely at http://www.sustc-genome.org.cn/vp or installed as a local web server. The codes and documentation are available at the GitHub repository (https://github.com/VirtualPharmacist/vp). Administrators can download the source codes to customize access settings for further development.

The measurement data indicates that the main reason for tunnel damage is continuing level displacement with the characteristic of Pie Form. The experiment shows that, compared with uniaxial compressing, the residual stress in triaxiality compressing is greater, this can result that the level support can increase the stress of the surrounding rocks and decrease or stop the level displacement, at same time, control the pie form displacement of the coal. Based on the situation of tunnel displacement, semi-closing support with I bar or support structure with anchor cable are designed, which can control the continuing displacement of tunnel effectively.

Anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is frequently associated with the t(2;5)(p23;q35). Here, we report a case of ALCL with an atypical translocation of t(2;5)(p24;q13) and other complex translocations. This complex abnormal karyotype may result in chemotherapy resistance and a poor outcome. Interestingly, a hypophyseal tumor was detected simultaneously by magnetic resonance imaging in this case. We think it is probable that the tumor in the hypophysis might be associated with the ALCL.

Mutations of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and nucleophosmin (NPM1) exon 12 genes are the most common abnormalities in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal cytogenetics. To assess the prognostic impact of the two gene mutations in Chinese AML patients, we used multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis to screen 76 AML patients with normal cytogenetics for mutations in FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) and exon 12 of the NPM1 gene. FLT3/ITD mutation was detected in 15 (19.7%) of 76 subjects, and NPM1 mutation in 20 (26.3%) subjects. Seven (9.2%) cases were positive for both FLT3/ITD and NPM1 mutations. Significantly more FLT3/ITD aberration was detected in subjects with French-American-British (FAB) M1 (42.8%). NPM1 mutation was frequently detected in subjects with M5 (47.1%) and infrequently in subjects with M2 (11.1%). FLT3 and NPM1 mutations were significantly associated with a higher white blood cell count in peripheral blood and a lower CD34 antigen expression, but not age, sex, or platelet count. Statistical analysis revealed that the FLT3/ITD-positive group had a lower complete remission (CR) rate (53.3% vs. 83.6%). Survival analysis showed that the FLT3/ITD-positive/NPM1 mutation-negative group had worse overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The FLT3/ITD-positive/NPM1 mutation-positive group showed a trend towards favorable survival compared with the FLT3/ITD-positive/NPM1 mutation-negative group (P=0.069). Our results indicate that the FLT3/ITD mutation might be a prognostic factor for an unfavorable outcome in Chinese AML subjects with normal cytogenetics, while NPM1 mutation may be a favorable prognostic factor for OS and RFS in the presence of FLT3/ITD.

This study examined the effects of one night of sleep deprivation on melatonin and cortisol profiles, as well as performance efficiency of military service members. Sleep intervention consisted of total lack of sleep (N = 7) or 8 hours of sleep (control group; N = 7) during the night. All parameters were measured at selected time intervals before (day 1), during (only in sleep-deprived individuals), and after (day 2) sleep intervention. Rotary pursuit scores and handgrip strength data were used as indices of psychomotor and physical performance, respectively. In sleep-deprived individuals, more salivary melatonin, but not cortisol, was secreted than in subjects who slept adequately. Significant increases in melatonin and cortisol were noted, especially at 1:30 p.m. on the day after nighttime sleep deprivation. In contrast, the tracking scores for rotary pursuit and grip strength among sleep-deprived and rested individuals were comparable. Across a normal working day (day 1), all parameters studied revealed time-specific fluctuations in both control and sleep-deprived groups. Irrespective of nighttime sleep schedule, the patterns of performance on day 2 differed from those on day 1. The tracking performance improved on day 2, whereas grip strength worsened, which may reflect inherent learning and muscle fatigue, respectively. During the night of sleep deprivation, performance declined. In conclusion, the present study showed that one night of sleep deprivation (8 hours) resulted in significant hormonal changes on the next afternoon but did not modify tracking and muscular strength performance.

The aim of the present study was to investigate how night duties can affect the circadian rhythms of military personnel working onboard a naval ship. Twenty individuals on a regular day-work schedule from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (serving as controls) and 40 individuals on night-shift duties participated in the study. Salivary melatonin and cortisol profiles were established within two 24-hour periods from 2-hour saliva samplings. Under the condition of abrupt shift in work/rest schedule, the majority of the navy officers (52%) retained their normal melatonin profiles. Twelve percent displayed a right phase shift in melatonin rhythm after night work. Nineteen percent exhibited distortions in the form of abnormal peaks or troughs, and 17% showed signs of disrupted rhythm in the form of low daytime levels of melatonin throughout the sampling period. No consistent relationship was found between the melatonin changes and various work stations of the ship. Prominent changes in the cortisol profile included unexpected peaks or troughs that may be related to the conditions that individuals were exposed to, i.e., high noise level in the engine room, as well as to performing intense tracking operations. The findings of this study (1) show the possible detrimental effects of shift duties on circadian rhythms, (2) highlight a wide interindividual variation in the manner in which the circadian systems respond to an abrupt phase shift in work/rest schedules, and (3) form the basis for further investigations into effective strategies to help military personnel cope with shift work, thereby maintaining health and high working standards while on duty.

Observation structures usually considered for Petri nets assume that the firing of transitions may be observed through static labels and that the marking of some places may be measurable. These observation structures are rather limited and we consider in this paper more general ones, correspondingly defining two new classes of nets: labeled Petri nets with outputs and adaptive labeled Petri nets. Several examples of nets in these classes are considered. Furthermore we also show the possibility to convert a labeled Petri net into an adaptive Petri net or a labeled Petri net.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective therapy for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients; however, the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear, and knowledge of the prognostic factors is still limited. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 64 consecutive first relapsed APL patients (12 with molecular relapse and 52 with hematologic relapse). Patients received re-induction with intravenous ATO-based regimens. Patients who achieved a CR2 were offered further courses of alternating ATO/conventional chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation (SCT). With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 6–57) in the molecular relapsed subgroup, the 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 81.5 % and 100 %, respectively. With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 0–129) in the hematologic relapse group, the 3-year RFS and OS rates were 57.1 % and 72.1 %, respectively. Furthermore, in the hematologic relapse group, we compared the outcome between relapsed patients after previous ATO therapy (n = 20) with those who did not receive prior ATO therapy (n = 32). The CR2 rate was 80 % (16/20) vs. 93.8 % (30/32), (p = 0.189). However, the relapse rate was 68.8 % (11/16) vs. 33.3 % (10/30), (p = 0.03). The 4-year OS rate was 62.4 % vs. 71.2 %, (p = 0.816), and the 4-year RFS rate was 29.8 % vs. 66.2 % (p = 0.023). The results indicate that, irrespective of frontline therapy with ATO, salvage therapy with an ATO-based regimen remains effective. However, the long-term survival for those patients who received previous ATO-based treatment was inferior compared to those who did not receive prior ATO. In addition, the alternating ATO/chemotherapy strategy can be a post-remission treatment option in a subset of patients.

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of combining arsenic trioxide (ATO) with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) based induction therapy, followed by 3 courses of consolidation chemotherapy and 2-year sequential ATO/ATRA maintenance therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). 137 patients were enrolled in the study. The complete remission (CR) rate was 93.4%. All the 9 (6.6%) induction failures were due to early death. With a median follow-up of 35 months, 5 relapses (4%) in CR patients were recorded, including 3 isolated CNS relapses. By using the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the 5-year overall survival and relapse-free survival of the low/intermediate risk group and high-risk group was 98.9% versus 97.4% and 98.7% versus 87.9%, respectively. The results indicated that ATO based first-line protocol is highly effective for treatment of newly diagnosed APL.

Abstract 2595 Patients with refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have relatively unfavorable prognoses and require innovative therapeutic approaches. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profiles of homoharringtonine (HHT), cytarabine (Ara-c) and aclarubicin combination chemotherapy in 46 refractory and/or relapsed AML patients between February 2004 and December 2009. Eleven cases were primary refractory disease and rest of them had relapsing disease. After one course of HAA treatment, complete remission (CR) was achieved in 35 of 46 patients (76.1%), while 3 cases showed partial remission (PR) (6.5%) and 8 cases (17.4%) had resistant to this regimen. One PR and one NR patient obtained CR after second course of HAA, yielding a total CR rate was 80.4%. Hematological toxicity was the most prominent toxicity of this regimen. Grade IV hematologic toxicity occurred in 91.3% cases. Neutrophil recovery time was 13 (5–60) days. Nonhematologic complications were mild to moderate nausea, vomiting, and mucositis and could be controlled by routine measures. Early death (ED) did not occur in these 46 patients. There was no correlation between response rate and leukemia subtype (AML FAB subtype), leukocyte, blast count in bone marrow, platelet count and sex (P >0.05). However, poor karyotype and age (≥45 years old) were factors associated with increased risk of treatment failure. Of the 46 patients, one patient, who upon achieving CR after the first re-induction therapy refused further treatment, was ultimately lost to follow-up. The median overall survival rate (OS) was 29 (2–86) months in 45 cases. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was 36 (0.5–85) months in 36 CR cases. By the time of closeout, the estimated 3-year OS rate was 42% for all 45 cases, and 43% estimated RFS at 3 years for the 36 cases of CR. OS and RFS were influenced by leukemia-related factors and disease status: Hb Allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in 7 patients and all achieved CR, but 1 patient died of GVHD, 2 died of pneumonia, 1 relapsed followed by death and another 3 are still alive with CR. At present, 19 patients are still alive and 18 of these are in continuous remission with one alive with leukemia. The rest (26/45) of the patients are all deceased. In conclusion, HAA is a good choice in cases with refractory/relapsing AML for salvage chemotherapy, preferably with a high efficacy and low-toxicity profile. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Objective This study sought to assess whether the rotary pursuit test is a good indication of the psychomotor performance of human subjects during normal working hours. Circadian hormonal profiles of salivary melatonin and cortisol were also established for correlation with performance. Methods Ten healthy individuals working in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology laboratory participated in this study. The experiment was conducted during a normal 8.5-hour working day in which routine laboratory tasks such as running radioimmunoassays were performed. Saliva samples were collected every 2 hours starting at 8:00 a.m. Simultaneously, self-rated questionnaires on mood states, sleepiness, stress, and types of food and drinks consumed were also recorded. At 10:00 a.m., 12:00 noon, 2:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m., the subjects' were tested on the rotary pursuit machine, on which their ability to track a rotating target with a stylus was tested by means of measuring the time the stylus stays on target. Results The circadian profiles of salivary melatonin and cortisol were similar to what previous studies have shown. Increases in cortisol levels were associated with food intake, work stress, or spontaneous awakening. Tracking performance (time on target) improved significantly from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. and then decreased nonsignificantly at 4:00 p.m. only at the speed setting of 60 rpm. There was no correlation between the three parameters measured. Summary Variation of psychomotor performance during a normal working day and in noncircadian disrupted individuals cannot be measured by the rotary pursuit test. Furthermore, a learning effect could mask any variation in performance.

Numerical simulation of non‐isothermal stagnation‐point flow is investigated by solving a set of governing partial differential equations with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, and results are compared with those obtained from similarity solution for different aspect ratios and Prandtl numbers. Study shows that temperature profiles obtained from numerical simulation and similarity solution are in good agreement. Results from numerical simulation find that it is always overestimated than those predicted by similarity solution.

Numerical simulation of two‐dimensional stagnation‐point flow is investigated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software of STAR‐CD and results are compared with those obtained from similarity solution. Study shows that velocity profiles obtained from numerical simulation and similarity solution at high aspect ratio and close to the stagnation point are in good agreement. Results from numerical simulation find that boundary layer thickness is not exactly constant as those predicted by similarity solution. Instead, it is decreasing slightly along the wall.

Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has been used for patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma, lymphoma and leukemia. We used bortezomib in ten refractory or relapsed patients (seven of multiple myeloma, two of lymphoma and one of acute myeloblastic leukemia). Six out of ten (60%) patients developed varicella herpes zoster after the complete of one cycle of bortezomib. The incidence of varicella herpes zoster was higher than reported in the literature. It may be due to immunosuppression caused by the combination of high-dose dexamethasone or other drugs. We considered that prophylactic antiviral medication could be used in predisposed patients to reduce the incidence of varicella herpes zoster.

To assess the efficacy and toxicity of HAA regimen (homoharritonine 4 mg/m2/day, days 1-3; cytarabine 150 mg/m2/day, days 1-7; aclarubicin 12 mg/m2/day, days 1-7) as an induction therapy in the treatment of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 48 patients with newly diagnosed AML, aged 35 (14-57) years, were entered into this clinical study. The median follow-up was 26 months. Eighty-three percent of patients achieved complete remission (CR), and the first single course of induction HAA regimen resulted in CR rate of 79%. The CR rate of 100, 82 and 33% were achieved in patients with favorable, intermediate and unfavorable cytogenetics, respectively. For all patients who achieved CR, the median time from the initiation of the induction therapy to the evaluation of the remission status was 32 days. For all patients, the estimated 3 years overall survival (OS) rate was 53%, whereas for patients with M5, the estimated OS rate at 3 years was 75%. The toxicities associated with HAA regimen were acceptable, and the most common toxicity was infection. This study suggested that HAA regimen might be a well-tolerable, effective induction regimen in young adult patients with AML.

Issues pertaining to learning in deep feedforward neural networks are addressed. The sensitivity of the network output is derived as a function of weight perturbation in different hidden layers. For a given hidden layer l, the output sensitivity varies inversely with current activation levels of neurons of the previous layer l-1, and the magnitude of the connection weights between layers l and l-1. Learning involves modifying weights. Relatively small connection weights (usually during initial learning phase of BP algorithm), or small neuron activation levels can increase the sensitivity of the network and make learning unstable. This problem is further aggravated as the depth of the network increases. A weight initialization strategy and a modified activation (sigmoid) function are proposed to alleviate these problems. Using this scheme, deep networks trained with the error backpropagation learning rule show substantial improvement in error curve (trajectory) control and convergence speed when applied to pattern recognition problems.

This paper presents a fully digital control of a PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) servo drive based on dual-CPUs, one CPU is an INTEL 8098 used for monitoring and feedback control of speed, another is digital signal processor TMS320C25, which can implement the precise current control by software. A current predicting method is proposed and tested by simulations. Then two methods of outputting space voltage vectors are presented and compared, Finally, the experimental results of PMSM servo system are given. Simulation and experimental results confirm that this fully digital control system has good performance of speed response. >

Control of cell migration is important in numerous key biological processes, and is implicated in pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis and inflammatory diseases. Many previous studies indicated that cell migration could be guided by micropatterns fabricated on cell culture surfaces. In this study, we designed a polydimethylsiloxane cell culture substrate with gratings punctuated by corners and ends, and studied its effects on the behavior of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. MC3T3-E1 cells elongated and aligned with the gratings, and the migration paths of the cells appeared to be guided by the grating pattern. Interestingly, more than 88% of the cells cultured on these patterns were observed to reverse their migration directions at least once during the 16 h examination period. Most of the reversal events occurred at the corners and the ends of the pattern, suggesting these localized topographical features induce an abrupt loss in directional persistence. Moreover, the cell speed was observed to increase temporarily right after each directional reversal. Focal adhesion complexes were more well-established in cells on the angular gratings than on flat surfaces, but the formation of filipodia appeared to be imbalanced at the corners and the ends, possibly leading to the loss of directional persistence. This study describes the first engineered cell culture surface that consistently induces changes in the directional persistence of adherent cells. This will provide an experimental model for the study of this phenomenon and a valuable platform to control the cell motility and directionality, which can be used for cell screening and selection.