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The aperture size of microlens is a key parameter of a plenoptic camera, which strongly influence the performance of the camera. Generally, the size of microlens aperture is submillimeter, which will introduce obvious diffraction effect with large f-number. Besides, optical distortions of plenoptic camera also bring degradation effect in raw plenoptic image. In this letter, based on wave optics, a more accurate imaging model with diffraction effect and optical distortion for focused plenoptic camera is proposed. The modulation transfer function (MTF) evaluation suggests that the proposed model is more close to the real one when compared to the previous models. Additionally, the raw images under different microlens aperture sizes are synthesized. Finally, a relatively optimal size of microlens aperture is obtained according the results of depth estimation.

Recently, moving object reconstruction based on PSP has been attracted intensive research. The errors caused by the inner movement of PSP have been addressed successfully. However, when the object with discontinuities or isolated surface is measured and the temporal phase unwrapping method is applied, additional fringe patterns are required to unwrap the phase map. The object movement between the PSP fringe patterns and additional fringe patterns will cause unwrapping errors. This paper proposes a new method to reconstruct the moving object with discontinuous or isolated surface. The object movement is tracked and the influence on the phase map caused by the movement is analyzed. Then, the phase variation caused by the movement is obtained. The phase map of the object before movement is obtained by compensating the phase map of the object after movement based on the phase variations. Finally, the object is reconstructed by dual-frequency phase unwrapping method. A new projection strategy increasing the efficiency of the 3D frame rate is also presented in this paper. The 3D frame rate achieves half of the camera capture speed. The proposed method has high potential to be applied in industrial applications for real-time measurement of moving objects. Experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness.

Phase retrieve is an important step for phase shifting profilometry (PSP). The existing phase retrieve methods can obtain the phase value successfully for static object. However, as multiple fringe patterns are required in PSP, when the object has movement, errors will be introduced. A new phase retrieve method for the object with 2D movement is proposed in this paper. The 2D movement is divided into translation movement and rotation movement. Then their influence on the phase value is analyzed and a new reconstruction model including the movement information is given. At last, the phase value is retrieved based on the new reconstruction model. The proposed method can eliminate the errors caused by 2D movement of object. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations.

Phase shifting profilometry can achieve high accuracy for the 3D shape measurement of static object. Errors will be introduced when the object is moved during the movement. The fundamental reason causing the above issue is: PSP requires multiple fringe patterns but the reconstruction model does not include the object movement information. This paper proposes a new method to automatically measure the 3D shape of the rigid object with arbitrary 2D movement. Firstly, the object movement is tracked by the SIFT algorithm and the rotation matrix and translation vector describing the movement are estimated. Then, with the reconstruction model including movement information, a least-square algorithm is applied to retrieve the correct phase value. The proposed method can significantly reduce the errors caused by the object movement. The whole reconstruction process does not need human intervention and the proposed method has high potential to be applied in industrial applications. Experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness.

When implementing the phase shifting profilometry to reconstruct an object, the object is always required to be kept stable as multiple fringe patterns are required. Movement during the measurement will cause failed reconstruction. This paper proposes a general model describing the fringe patterns with any three-dimensional movement based on phase shifting profilometry. The object movement is classified as five types and their characteristics are analyzed respectively. Then, by introducing a virtual plane, the influence on the phase value caused by different types of movement is described mathematically and a new model including movement information is proposed. At last, with the help of the movement tracking and least-square algorithm, the moving object is reconstructed with high accuracy. The proposed method can remove the reference plane during the reconstruction of the moving object, which extends the application range of the phase shifting profilometry. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the experiments.