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A solar heat pump heating system with an aluminum tubular collector is proposed in this paper. Mathematical models are established for solar energy absorption and air energy absorption of the aluminum tubular collector, as well as the heat-absorption coefficient of the working substance. The electronic expansion valve is controlled via the fuzzy PID method to adjust the working substance flow rate, as well as to control the evaporator overheating and set the indoor heating temperature. TRNSYS is used to analyze the effects of the wind speed, solar radiation amount, environment temperature, and working substance flow rate on the heat transfer performance of the aluminum tubular collector. The results indicate that the heat transfer performance of the aluminum tubular collector is significantly affected not only by the solar radiation but also the wind speed. For wind speed > 2 m/s, the absorbed power of the collector increases rapidly with an increase in the wind speed; when the working-medium flow rate reaches 4 m/s, the collector absorption power tends to be saturated. Subsequently, an experimental heating system with a heating area of 170 m2 is constructed. Experiments revealed that the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of the heating system is 4.46, and the average COP value is 3.95, indicating good heating effect.

With the increase of wind power penetration in the electric grid, the frequency regulation method that simply reply on traditional power is gradually weakened. For this reason, the participation of wind power in system frequency regulation has become an inevitable trend in the operation of large-scale grid-connected power system. Focused on the essential difference of the frequency response speed between wind turbine and thermal power unit, a primary frequency regulation control strategy for large-scale wind power cooperative thermal power units is proposed to realize frequency regulation in the full wind speed range of doubly-fed wind turbines and improve the frequency response capability of large-scale wind power access to system. Firstly, the frequency regulation response strategy of wind turbine based on rotor kinetic energy control and power reserve control and the control strategy of rotor speed recovery are studied to improve the frequency regulation capability of wind power system. Secondly, the optimal distribution of frequency regulation power of the large-scale wind farms is realized according to the establishing of the power distribution strategy based on weight factor of each turbine in the wind farm in different operating scenarios Finally, the control framework of wind-thermal power coordination frequency regulation is constructed. The system power shortage is distributed to the wind farm and the thermal power unit in real time by the dispatch center according to the wind farms' and thermal power unit's operating states and the variation of system frequency, by which the wind-thermal power coordination frequency regulation of power system can be achieved. Simulation results of the 36-node test example demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the frequency response capability and the frequency characteristics of the power system.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease with abnormal blood glucose for the first time in gestation, and its main harm is vascular lesions, usually diabetic kidney damage. A new glucose ligand modified neutrophil-like cell membrane coated melanin nanoparticle (Melanin@Glc-NCM) was designed and prepared. Through the results of cell and animal experiments the research confirmed that under near-infrared irradiation, Melanin@Glc-NCM achieved excellent kidney-targeted drug delivery. In addition, the results of photothermal therapy in diabetic nephropathy of gestational rats demonstrated that Melanin@Glc-NCM could promote glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) apoptosis and restrain GMC hyperproliferation after near-infrared irradiation to protect the kidney as a therapeutic drug for diabetic nephropathy of gestational rats.

As the larger error between the dispatch plan of the previous day and the actual operation of the community multi-type energy coupling system, the actual operation cannot be fully meet. A two-stage optimization dispatch method of the community multi-type energy coupling system based on the particle swarm algorithm is proposed in this study. Firstly, the optimal dispatch model of community multi-type energy coupling system on previous day is established. Minimizing the daily operation cost is the objective function. The optimal dispatch curve of community multi-type energy coupling system on previous day is obtained. Secondly, based on the optimal dispatch curve of community multi-type energy coupling system on previous day, an intraday correction model is constructed. The example results show that the proposed model can eliminate the dispatch error of the previous day and realize the optimal operation of community multi-type energy coupling system.

Equity crowdfunding provides a novel way for ventures in the seed or growth stage to raise capital funds. Different from previous research, this paper focuses on signaling factors in overfunding, using data of Crowdcube, a famous equity crowdfunding platform in UK. We find that perceived risk level and investor communication are closely connected with overfunding. The finishing percentage is positively related to the number of investors, supporting the previous literature on herd behavior and information cascade when information asymmetry exists. Few target equity offering signals positive cash flows in the future and suggests strong confidence of the entrepreneurs, which lowers the uncertainty as well as perceived risk level and drives overfunding. Sharing of videos on LinkedIn gets projects exposed to more potential investors and boosts the finishing percentage while no evidence shows the exposure on Facebook has similar effect. Finally, target funding amount has a positive effect on finishing percentage in overfunding, a result different from the findings in previous work focusing on the driving factors of the success of equity funding project.

For the passive hydrogen maser (PHM) having excellent frequency stability performance and lower frequency drift, it has been chosen as the one of atomic clock in the Beidou navigation satellite system. Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology and Measurement (BIRMM) is responsible for the whole equipment, including Physics Package (PP) and Electronic Package (EP). A Flight Model (FM) has already launched with satellite. This paper gives the results of PHM physics parameters and measurements of PHM. At last, the paper presents the results of PHM phase comparison on board, and gets negligible drift relative to rubidium clock.

Abalone long-line culture is a commercially important mariculture method in China.With the development of scale,it is very important and necessary to understand its influence on the environment.In this paper the effects of abalone long-line culture on the water quality were studied,in order to provide basic information for the setup of sustainable mariculture mode.Dissolved nutrients were investigated in abalone long-line mariculture area of Sungo Bay in April,June,August,October and December of 2009.Water quality was assessed by organic pollution indices(A) and eutrophication assessment indices(E).Nutrient factors limiting the growth of phytoplankton were assessed by the method of theoretical half-saturation constant(Ks)and stoichiometric ratios.By comparison of nutrients in abalone,kelp and no mariculture areas and the historic data,the environmental influence of abalone long-line mariculture was analyzed.Results showed that the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),PO3-4,and SiO2-3 were at the range of 2.73-9.25 μmol/L,0.086-0.42 μmol/L,0.91-18.35 μmol/L,respectively.In April,June and December,A values were lower than 0,water conditions were in good level,in August and October,A values ranged between 0 and 1,water conditions were at preferable level.E values ranged in 0-0.5,which showed that the nutrient concentration was in the poor nutrient condition.This result suggested that the influence of abalone long-line culture on the water quality was limited.However,there were some extent variations between different areas in the nutrients concentration,nutrients structure and seasonal changing trend.P might be the key limitation in the monitoring area.From the historic changing trend,ammonium and DIN enrichment in abalone area in August should be paid more attention to.

Claereboudt, M., D. Bureau, J. Cote, and J. H. Himmelman. 1994. Fouling development and its effect on the growth of juvenile giant scallops, Placopecten magellanicus in suspended culture. Aquaculture 121:327–342. Cropp, D. and M. Hortle. 1992. Midwater cage culture of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus Reeve 1852 in Tasmania. Aquaculture 102:55–64. Guo, X. M., S. E. Ford, and F. S. Zhang. 1999. Molluscan aquaculture in China. Journal of Shellfish Research 18:19–31. Jiang, Z., J. Fang, Q. Men, and W. Wang. 2006. Studies on the interaction between shellfish longline culture and environment in Sungou Bay. South China Fisheries Science 2:23–29 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lesser, M. P., S. E. Shumway, T. Cucci, and J. Smith. 1992. Impact of fouling organisms on mussel rope culture: interspecific competition for food among suspension-feeding invertebrates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 165:91–102. Lodeiros, C. J. M. and J. H. Himmelman. 1996. Influence of fouling on the growth and survival of the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac (L. 1758) in suspended culture. Aquaculture Research 27:749–756. Lodeiros, C. J. M. and J. H. Himmelman. 2000. Identification of environmental factors affecting growth and survival of the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac in suspended culture in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Aquaculture 182:91–114. Lodeiros, C., L. Galindo, E. Buitrago, and J. H. Himmelman. 2007. Effects of mass and position of artificial fouling added to the upper valve of the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae on its growth and survival. Aquaculture 262:168–171. MacDonald, B. A. and R. J. Thompson. 1985. Influence of temperature and food availability on the ecological energetics of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. I. Growth rates of shell and soft tissue. Marine Ecology Progress Series 25:279–294. Mao, Y. Z., Y. Zhou, H. S. Yang, and R. C. Wang. 2006. Seasonal variation in metabolism of cultured Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Sanggou Bay, China. Aquaculture 253:322–333. Parsons, G. J. and M. J. Dadswell. 1992. Effect of stocking density on growth, production and survival of the giant scallop, held in intermediate suspension culture in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick. Aquaculture 103:291–309. Ross, K. A., J. P. Thorpe, T. A. Norton, and A. R. Brand. 2002. Fouling in scallop cultivation: help or hindrance? Journal of Shellfish Research 21:529–547. Salazar, M. 2004. Biota Asociada a la ostra de mangle, Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) en cultivo suspendido sometido a tres tratamientos de exondacion. Instituto Universitario de Tecnologias del Mar, Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Isla Margarita. Su, Z. X., H. Xiao, and L. M. Huang. 2008. Effect of fouling organisms on food uptake and nutrient release of scallop Chlamys nobilis in Daya Bay. Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology 17:61–64 (in Chinese with English abstract). Taylor, J. J., P. C. Southgate, and R. A. Rose. 1997. Fouling animals and their effect on the growth of silver-lip oysters, Pinctada maxima (Jameson) in suspended culture. Aquaculture 153:31–40. Uribe, E., C. Lodeiros, E. Felix-Pico, and I. Etchepare. 2001. Epibiontes en pectinidos de Iberoamerica. Pages 249–266 in A. N. Maeda-Martinez, editor. Los Moluscos Pectinidos de Iberoamerica: Ciencia y Acuicultura. Limusa, Mexico. Velez, A., L. Freites, J. H. Himmelman, W. Senior, and N. Marin. 1995. Growth of the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac, in bottom and suspended culture in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Aquaculture 136:257–276. Ventilla, R. F. 1982. The scallop industry in Japan. Advances in Marine Biology 20:310–382. Wallace, J. C. and T. G. Reinsnes. 1985. The significance of various environmental parameters for growth of the Iceland scallop, Chlamys islandica (Pectinidae) in hanging culture. Aquaculture 44:229–242. Widman, J. C. and E. W. Rhodes. 1991. Nursery culture of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians, in suspended mesh nets. Aquaculture 99:257–267. Wong, Y. S., Z. G. Huang, A. P. S. Lau, and W. H. Liu. 1999. Biofouling communities on piers in Victoria Harbour. Acta oceanologica sinica 21:86–92 (in Chinese with English abstract).

In the Internet era, online media and ordinary consumers can release a variety of information about food safety on the Internet. Therefore, it can effectively eliminate asymmetric information and reduce food safety risks to collect food safety information from the Internet for statistical analysis and management. On such basis, this paper has proposed a framework of food safety alert system and also put forward a new model for food safety management in China based on statistical analysis of food quality information on the Internet.

This chapter provides a further integrated analysis of these energy problems, introduces a comprehensive analytical framework and modeling tools, and focuses on an analysis and evaluation of several scenarios related to vehicle energy systems. The aim is to provide an understanding of the essential development of automotive energy in China as well as to offer a scientific, structured data basis for choice of technology and policy formulation regarding sustainable automotive energy.

A basic structure of excavator anti shovel device is introduced. The digging resistance force graph of the rotating bucket is drawn, and the calculation method of digging resistance is analyzed. Besides, the calculation diagram of the theoretical digging force of the bucket arm cylinder is given, the calculation method of theoretical digging force of the working hydraulic cylinder is deduced. Then, the calculation diagram of the theoretical digging force of the stick is given. The calculation method of actual digging force of the stick working hydraulic cylinder is deduced. Considering the influence of the actual engineering situation on digging force of the rotating bucket, the maximum actual digging force is calculated when the bucket excavating.

The purpose of standardization of independent patent is to improve domestic technology, and to break down foreign technology barriers. Even though China begin to pay attention to standard strategy, in practice there are many problems need to be solve or harmonize. This article, utilizing a qualitative methodology, studies the R&D and patents standardization activities of nine representative optoelectronic information companies in Wuhan, and identifies factors that influence independent patents standardization. These factors we find in this article, from one perspective, explain the determinants of patents standardization. Thus, it is important for strategic planning at the both macro and micro levels.

Patents standardization has become increasingly important for technological innovation and market competition. This article, utilizing a qualitative methodology, studies the R&D and patents standardization activities of nine representative optoelectronic information companies in Wuhan, and identifies the internal integration mechanisms that promote independent patents standardization. The mechanisms we find in this article, from one perspective, explain the determinants of patents standardization. Thus, it is important for strategic planning at the both macro and micro levels. Furthermore, the framework provides a basis for future research.

Medium Grain Scalable (MGS) coding is widely used as the quality scalable video coding (SVC) method. In this paper, we study bitstream extractor for MGS-based bitstream. In MGS, the coded data corresponding to a quantization step size can be fragmented into at most 15 sub-layers, which is called MGS slices. The contribution of each slice to the video quality is evaluated by our proposed algorithm, and based on the importance of MGS slices, the optimal extraction is proposed to get the best video quality. Compared to conventional method of SVC, the proposed method can both expand the range of supported bitrates and improve the quality.

Integrated innovation is an important mechanism to realize Chinapsilas indigenous innovation. In this paper, from perspective of Chinapsilas indigenous innovation, we define integrated innovation from multiple dimensions. In each dimension, intellectual property management and policy have different emphasis. We analyze intellectual property management at the firm and industry levels, propose the concept of the integrated innovation capacity of a country based on Chinapsilas intellectual property strategic plan, and study how to develop the integrated innovation capacity of a nation. We believe that intellectual property management is essential for the evolution of the integrated innovation at the firm, industry, and country levels.

A wideband inductorless low noise amplifier for digital TV tuner applications is presented. The proposed LNA scheme uses a composite NMOS/PMOS cross-coupled transistor pair to provide partial cancellation of noise generated by the input transistors. The chip is implemented in SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Measurement shows that the proposed LNA achieves 12.2–15.2 dB voltage gain from 300 to 900 MHz, the noise figure is below 3.1 dB and has a minimum value of 2.3 dB, and the best input-referred 1-dB compression point (IP1dB) is − 17 dBm at 900 MHz. The core consumes 7 mA current with a supply voltage of 1.8 V and occupies an area of 0.5 × 0.35 mm2.