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Background Nowadays, it has not been reported in detail which factors have adverse effects on renal function after PNCL surgery in solitary kidney patients with staghorn calculi. To evaluate the risk factors that deteriorate the renal function in solitary kidney patients with staghorn calculi after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods A retrospective study was performed on solitary kidney patients with staghorn calculi between March 2014 and Jun 2019. Renal function-related indexes were collected pre-operatively, and at 1 and 6 months post-operatively. These pre- and post-operative indexes were compared to study the risk factors on renal function. Results Totally 71 solitary kidney patients with staghorn calculi were included with a male-to-female ratio of 53:18 and mean age of 54.3±10.2 years old. The mean pre-operative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine were 55.1±18.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 130.9±41.0 µmol/L, respectively. The mean diameter of largest stones was 5.0±1.7 cm, and the stone-free rate was 71.8%. Univariate analysis showed urinary tract infection (UTI) was a significant risk factor for deteriorating renal function after PCNL. At 1 to 6 months after surgery, renal function deteriorated by both UTI and combined diseases. The surgical side at the right kidney, mild hydronephrosis, and surgical time without 20 min or beyond 40 min can deteriorate renal function. Multivariate analysis demonstrated UTI was the main factor leading to deteriorated renal function with increasing serum creatinine and declining eGFR. Conclusions Preoperative UTI can deteriorate the renal function at 1 month after PCNL, and diabetes can deteriorate the postoperative renal function at 6 months after PCNL. Controlled perioperative UTI, diabetes and factors play a crucial role in protecting renal function after PCNL for solitary kidney patients with staghorn calculi.

Cystinuria is an inherited disease characterized by increased urinary cystine excretion and recurrent cystine stones. Current treatment regimens have limited effectiveness in preventing stone recurrence and are often poorly tolerated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor 2 (V2) antagonist, on cystine stone volume in mice with cystinuria. Tolvaptan (0.4 mg per mouse) or placebo was delivered by gavage daily for 30 days. Urinary amino acids and cystine stones were analyzed to assess drug efficacy in preventing l-cystine stone growth using several analytical methods. Data were entered into SPSS and analyzed by paired sample T test. p value

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of unstable femoral trochanteric fracture treated by proximal femoral intramedullary nail enhanced with lateral locking plate versus cerclage steel wire. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 83 patients who received open reduction and internal fixation with proximal femoral intramedullary nail combined with lateral enhanced fixations for unstable femoral trochanteric fractures from March 2015 to January 2017 in our hospital. Of these patients, 39 received the lateral enhanced fixation with locking plate, while the remaining 44 had cerclage wire as additional fixation. The clinical data were compared between the two groups. Results All the patients in the study had surgical procedures performed smoothly. Although the plate group had significantly longer operation times and significantly higher hospitalization expenses than the wire group (P 0.05). The follow‐up period lasted for 12–24 months with an average of (16.81 ± 2.92) months. The plate group returned to full‐weight bearing significantly earlier than the wire group (P 0.05). Regarding radiographic assessment, an excellent rate of fracture reduction was proved in 71.79% of the plate group, compared to 45.45% of the wire group, which was statistically significant (P 0.05). At the latest follow‐up, two cases of implant loosening and two cases of coxa varus were found in the plate group, while one case of femoral head necrosis and three cases of coxa varus were revealed by radiographs in the wire group. Conclusion The cerclage wire has benefits of saving time and operation costs; however, the locking plate has the advantages of improving fracture reduction quality, shortening time to full weight bearing and fracture healing, and improving hip function recovery due to the lateral additional fixations to proximal femoral intramedullary nail for unstable trochanteric fractures.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and advantages of the SuperPATH minimally invasive approach to total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Methods From January 2016 to September 2018, 110 cases of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures were included in the present study. According to the method of operation, the patients were divided into two groups for comparison. There were 55 cases of the SuperPATH minimally invasive approach to total hip arthroplasty and 55 cases with the conventional posterolateral approach to total hip arthroplasty. The operation time, the length of incision, the amount of operative blood loss, the hospitalization time, and the hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups. The position of total hip prosthesis was observed during the follow‐up period. All patients were evaluated for the degree of hip joint pain and the function of the hip joint using the visual analog score (VAS) and the Harris score at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the operation. Results All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The operation time was 108.58 ± 15.87 min in the SuperPATH group and 102.51 ± 19.61 min in the conventional group. The length of incision was 6.65 ± 1.53 cm in the SuperPATH group and 17.08 ± 1.40 cm in the conventional group. The amount of operative blood loss was 147.51 ± 28.84 mL in the SuperPATH group and 170.22 ± 25.34 mL in the conventional group. The hospitalization time was 10.05 ± 2.52 days in the SuperPATH group and 13.36 ± 3.39 days in the conventional group. The hospitalization cost was 6871.78 ± 141.63 dollars in the SuperPATH group and 7791.09 ± 184.88 dollars in the conventional group. Compared with the conventional group, the SuperPATH group had shorter incision length, less blood loss, shorter hospitalization time, and lower hospitalization cost. There was significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion The SuperPATH minimally invasive approach to total hip arthroplasty is an ideal method for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. This method has the advantages of the relatively simple operation, short incision, less blood loss, and less trauma. The patients had short hospitalization times, low hospitalization costs, and good recovery of hip joint function.

OBJECTIVES To propose the regional injury classification of open pelvic fracture and summarize the characteristics of its treatment. METHODS Clinical data for 67 open pelvic fractures treated from January 2001 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 48 male and 19 female patients. The patients were aged from 12 to 68 years old, and their pelvic fractures were categorized according to Tile classification (type A: 23 cases; type B: 19 cases; type C: 25 cases). Main injury distribution: pubic perineum, 29 cases; ilioinguinal, 20 cases; and sacroiliac, 7 cases. There were 5 cases of ilioinguinal-perineum and 6 cases of sacroiliac-perineum injury. Based on the region of the injury, the mortality and combined injury of each group were observed. The relationship between regional injury groups and death was examined. RESULTS Following active treatment, 28 patients died. The mortality rate was 41.8% (28/67), with 39 patients surviving. The average follow-up time was 6 months (3 months to 1 year after discharge). Majeed pelvic fracture score: the score was excellent in 12 cases, good in 14 cases, fair in 9 cases, and poor in 4 cases; there was an excellent and good rate of 66.7%. Open pelvic fracture regional injury classification includes: the perineal type (type I); the ilioinguinal type (type II); the sacroiliac type (type III); and the composite type (type IV). All types were independent of each other, and the mortality of open pelvic fractures was positively correlated with this classification, with a correlation coefficient of 0.620 (P = 0.001

Cytokine immunotherapy represents an attractive strategy to stimulate robust immune responses for renal injury repair in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its clinical application is hindered by its nonspecificity to kidney, short circulation half-life, and severe side effects. An ideal cytokine immunotherapy for AKI requires preferential delivery of cytokines with accurate dosage to the kidney and sustained-release of cytokines to stimulate the immune responses. Herein, we developed a DNA nanoraft cytokine by precisely arranging interleukin-33 (IL-33) nanoarray on rectangle DNA origami, through which IL-33 can be preferentially delivered to the kidney for alleviation of AKI. A nanoraft carrying precisely quantified IL-33 predominantly accumulated in the kidney for up to 48 h. Long-term sustained-release of IL-33 from nanoraft induced rapid expansion of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC 2s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and achieved better treatment efficiency compared to free IL-33 treatment. Thus, our study demonstrates that a nanoraft can serve as a structurally well-defined delivery platform for cytokine immunotherapy in ischemic AKI and other renal diseases.

Background: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare the safety and efficiency of nephroscope and cystoscope in transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL) for bladder stones. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and the Cochrane library databases (updated January 2021) were searched for studies that assessed the efficacy of different types of endoscopes in TUCL cases. The search strategy and study selection process was managed according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Five randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Our result showed no significant differences in the stone free rate (SFR) across the studies (RR= 1.00; CI 0.98–1.02, p = 1.00). The study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, P = 1.00) was not significant as all patients were rendered stone free. Using nephroscope can significantly shorten operation times compared to the use of cystoscopy (RR= -26.26; CI -35.84 – -16.68, p < 0.00001) with significant heterogeneity (I2 =87%, p < 0.00001). There was no significant difference between mean urethral entries (RR= 0.66; CI -0.71 – -2.04, p = 0.35), hospitalization (MD = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.07-0.23; P=0.31) and the total complication rate (RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.47-4.00, p=0.56). Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrated that using are highly efficient approaches in the clearance of bladder stones and result in a low rate of complication and short hospitalization times. The mean urethral entries are dependent on the treatment method for large stone fragments. However, using nephroscope can significantly reduce operation times. Key words: bladder stones; transurethral; endoscopic treatments; cystoscope; nephroscope

Object detection has been an important topic in the field of intelligent vehicle. The deep learning object detection is based on monocular vision without depth of the scene information and the detection of small objects in complex traffic scenes often has problems such as misdetection and omission, so the detection of small objects in traffic scenes is still a big challenge. In this paper, a method combining depth information with YOLOv5s object detection algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy of object detection. Firstly, the depth information is obtained by the disparity images which generated by the end-to-end PSMNet network. Secondly, add an Attention Feature Fusion Module (AFFM) to YOLOv5s to improve the accuracy of small object detection. Finally, the depth information is fused with the object detection to reduce the probability of missed detection and false detection, and the distance information is also obtained. The experimental results show that the SUPER_YOLOv5s object detection algorithm combined with stereo vision can reduce the rate of missed detection and improve the detection accuracy.

Background: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of local treatment (LT) on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) for patients diagnosed with M1c prostate cancer (PCa).Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases (updated November 2020) were searched for studies assessing the effect of LT on patients with M1c Pca. The search strategy and study selection process was managed according to the PRISMA statement.Results: Four cohort respective studies were identified for satisfying the inclusion criteria. Our results indicated that LT significantly improved CSM (HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.22–0.60; P < 0.0001) and OS (HR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24–0.77; P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis showed that radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) including brachytherapy (BT), conformal radiation therapy (CRT), and intensity modulated radiation (IMRT) had a significant benefit on cutting down the CSM of M1c PCa patients (HR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13–0.56; P = 0.0005 and HR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20–0.89; P = 0.02). In addition, RP had improved the OS for patients (HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15–0.73; P = 0.008). There was no difference of OS in patients that underwent RT (HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.24–1.40; P = 0.23). No significant heterogeneity was among the results, indicating consistency in the study.Conclusions: Present meta-analysis indicates that LT for M1c PCa correlated with decreased CSM and enhanced OS. The survival benefit of RP was successfully confirmed and the advantage of RT seemed to be associated with the tumor burden and method of RT.

BACKGROUND A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of single-tract and multiple-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in complex renal calculi treatment. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases (updated November 2020) were searched for studies assessing the effect of different numbers of tracts on cases that underwent PCNL. The search strategy and study selection process were managed according to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Five comparative studies were included in the meta-analysis. The multiple-tract PCNL group had a significantly increased total complications rate than the single-tract group (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.71, 3.25; P < 0.00001) with insignificant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, P = 0.52). Subgroup analysis showed there were different incidence of complications, mainly because the multiple-tract PCNL group was significantly associated with a higher rate of blood transfusion (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.95, 4.57; P < 0.00001) with insignificant heterogeneity (I2 = 9%, P = 0.35). There were no differences in operation time (MD = 12.04, 95% CI = 6.36, 17.72; P < 0.0001) or hospitalization (MD = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.95, p = 0.008). However, the singletract group had a higher stone-free rate (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.74; P = 0.005) with heterogeneity (I2 = 51%, P = 0.08), as stones in the single-tract group were smaller than those in the multiple-tract group. CONCLUSIONS The current research did not find that the multiple-tract group had a higher stone-free rate. Additionally, multiple-tract PCNL was associated with a higher incidence of blood transfusion and negative impact on renal function.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to elucidate the risk of urologic cancers in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science, and manual retrieval were conducted from inception to June 2020. Two reviewers independently searched the above databases and selected the studies using prespecified standardized criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies, and this meta-analysis was completed by STATA version 14.2. RESULTS: A total of 12 cohort studies and 4 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were at significantly increased risk of renal cancer (RCa) [standardized incidence ratio (SIR): 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–1.80; I(2)=42.4%], but not at increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa), bladder cancer (BCa) and male genital cancer. In the subgroup analysis, CD patients had a significantly higher RCa risk (SIR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.45–2.44; I(2)=39.9%). Besides, CD patients seemed to be at borderline significantly increased risks of PCa (SIR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.93–1.20; I(2)=15.1%) and BCa (SIR:1.19; 95% CI: 0.94–1.44; I(2)=0%), and UC patients seemed to be at borderline significantly increased risks of RCa (SIR:1.31; 95% CI: 0.94–1.67; I(2)=48.0%) and PCa (SIR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.93–1.33; I(2)=73.5%). Notably, we observed that IBD patients in Eastern countries have significantly increased PCa risk (SIR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.52–3.81; I(2)=13.6%), especially for UC patients (SIR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.75–4.27; I(2)=0.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that IBD patients with special reference to CD patients increase the risk of RCa. Besides, IBD patients in Asian countries have significantly increased risk of PCa, especially for UC patients. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanism of RCa associated with IBD and the differences of the risk of urinary cancers between Eastern and Western countries.

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for investigating the effect of dietary treatment and fluid intake on the prevention of recurrent calcium stones and changes in urine composition. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases (updated November 2020) were searched for studies with the following keywords: diet, fluid, recurrent, prevention, randomized controlled trials, and nephrolithiasis. The search strategy and study selection process was conducted by following the PRISMA statement. Six RCTs were identified for satisfying the inclusion criteria and enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our result showed that low protein with or without high fiber diet intervention does not decrease the recurrence of stone upon comparing with control groups (RR = 2.32, 95% CI = 0.42–12.85; P = 0.34) with significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 81%, P = 0.02). But normal-calcium, low protein, low-salt diet had recurrences did reduced the recurrence compared to normal-calcium diet. And the fluid intake has a positive effect on prevention of recurrent stone formation (RR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.19–0.80; P = 0.01) with insignificant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 9%, P = 0.30). The different components of urine at baseline were reported in four studies. Upon reviewing the low protein with or without high fiber dietary therapy groups, it was found that there were no obvious changes in the 24-hour urine sodium, calcium, citrate, urea, and sulfate. In conclusion, our study shows that the only low protein with or without fiber does not affect recurrence, but low Na, normal Ca diet has a marked effect on reducing recurrence of calcium stone. And fluid intake shows a significant reduction in the recurrence of calcium stone.

The object detection based on deep learning is an important application in the field of vehicle environment perception, which has been a hot topic in recent years. We propose a novel improved Yolov3-tiny to implement more accurate object detection for the objects in traffic scenes. We employ K-means algorithm to cluster the common objects in traffic scenes to obtain a suitable size and numbers of anchor box. In addition, we modify modifying detection scale and the backbone network structure of Yolov3-tiny, improving the detection accuracy for small object. The stereo vision is also introduced to improve the accuracy of boundary location. Experiments results demonstrate that the improved yolo-tiny has higher accuracy than the original algorithm and it also meet the requirement of real-time performance.

The current three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique of dynamic scene has some problems, such as a large amount of data and high requirements for the hardware equipment. To remedy these defects, we propose a novel 3D dynamic compressive imaging system that combines structured-light 3D surface imaging with temporal ghost imaging (TGI). The system aims to acquire a 3D video through single exposure imaging, and then restore the 3D dynamic scene through the post-processing algorithm. Since a slow camera can be used to capture 3D video, the system has the advantages of low detector bandwidth and low data volume. Specifically, a fringe pattern with a frequency component is projected onto a moving object to obtain 3D information, and then image the object onto the digital metal micro-mirror device (DMD) for pixel-by-pixel optical encoding to achieve video compression, finally, the camera captures an image in a single exposure. To decode the image, the optical intensity correlation is calculated to obtain the temporal frames, which retain the deformed fringe patterns modulated by the object, then the 3D surface profile of the frame can be reconstructed through Fourier fringe analysis and phase-height mapping. The experiment verifies two types of motion scenes, translation and rotation, 15-frame 3D video is compressed in one image, that is, the frame rate of the camera is increased by 15 times, and the equivalent compression ratio is 6.67%.

Background Our aim is to report the incidence and risk factors of parastomal hernia (PH) after radical cystectomy (RC) and ileal conduit (IC) diversion with a cumulative analysis. Methods Various databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science, were retrieved electronically and manually to identify eligible studies from inception to August 20, 2020. Two reviewers independently searched the above databases and selected the studies using prespecified standardized criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies, and the data was completed by STATA version 14.2. Results Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis. A pooled analysis of eight studies representing 1,878 patients reported the incidence of overall radiographic PH was 23% (95% CI: 17–29%). The 1-year PH incidence rate and 2-year incidence rate of RC and IC were 14% (95% CI: 6–22%) and 26% (95% CI: 14–38%), respectively. A pooled analysis of nine studies reported the incidence of clinically evident PH was 15% (95% CI: 10–19%). PH-related symptoms were reported in six studies, and the pooled result was 29% (95% CI: 24–33%), and a pooled analysis of ten studies showed that 20% (95% CI: 11–28%) of patients required surgical repair. However, it’s noteworthy that among symptomatic PH patients undergoing surgical repair, the pooled analysis of five studies showed that up to 26% (95% CI: 16–36%) of patients suffered PH recurrence. The most frequent risk factor was body mass index (BMI). Patients with BMI ≥22.9 kg/m2 experienced 2.92-fold higher risk of PH than their counterparts [hazard ratio (HR): 2.92; 95% CI: 1.65–5.19]. Conclusions Our findings indicated that the PH incidence rate after RC and IC was significantly higher in radiographic evaluation than that of clinical examination, and the recurrence of repairment is considerable for patients requiring reconstruction.

Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing transfusion events in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases from January 1980 to October 2019 were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed TXA efficacy in reducing transfusion events during PCNL. Intervention treatments include using TXA compared with placebo (or no intervention) for patients who underwent PCNL. The search strategy and study selection process were managed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Results Six RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TXA intervention groups showed a significant reduction in blood transfusion events (RR = 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19 to 0.62), hemoglobin decrease (MD = −0.80; 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.28), operative time (MD = −12.62; 95% CI = −15.62 to −9.61), and length of hospital stay (MD = −0.73; 95% CI = −1.36 to −0.10) compared with control groups after PCNL. However, TXA had no substantial impact on the rate of stone clearance (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.21). Conclusions TXA can effectively reduce the transfusion rate and blood loss during PCNL.

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) on pain reduction during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases (updated March 2020) were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of EMLA for patients that underwent ESWL. The search strategy and study selection process were managed according to the PRISMA statement. Six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results indicated that EMLA significantly reduced pain compared to the control group (RR = -2.98, 95% CI = -5.82 to -0.13, P = 0.04) with a heterogeneity of I2 = 57% (P = 0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that EMLA did not significantly reduce pain when the patients took an analgesic premedication (RR = -1.46, 95% CI = -5.89 to 2.98, P = 0.52) with a heterogeneity of I2 = 38% (P = 0.52). Conversely, studies without premedication showed a significant pain relief effect (RR = -4.08, 95% CI = -7.36 to -0.65, P = -0.80) with a heterogeneity of I2 = 48% (P = 0.14). Most studies showed there was no difference in the patient's need for analgesics. EMLA was effective for reducing pain during EWSL. However, this analgesic effect was limited and did not reduce the need for analgesics.

Because of its streaming nature, recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) is a very promising end-to-end (E2E) model that may replace the popular hybrid model for automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we describe our recent development of RNN-T models with reduced GPU memory consumption during training, better initialization strategy, and advanced encoder modeling with future lookahead. When trained with Microsoft's 65 thousand hours of anonymized training data, the developed RNN-T model surpasses a very well trained hybrid model with both better recognition accuracy and lower latency. We further study how to customize RNN-T models to a new domain, which is important for deploying E2E models to practical scenarios. By comparing several methods leveraging text-only data in the new domain, we found that updating RNN-T's prediction and joint networks using text-to-speech generated from domain-specific text is the most effective., Comment: Accepted by Interspeech 2020

To investigate the effect of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) in the prevention and treatment of ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate deposition in a rat model and preliminary exploration of the mechanism. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into six groups including two α-LA prevention groups, two α-LA therapeutic groups, one controlled group and one intervention group. Besides controlled group, other group received 1% glycol solution and 2 ml 2% ammonium chloride for 4 weeks as a stone inducer. The prevention groups received 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight/day/rat α-LA as food supplement during inducing stone and therapeutic groups received 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight/day/rat α-LA for 4 weeks after 4 weeks stone inducing. The volume of urine, the pH and magnesium levels in the preventive and therapeutic groups were higher in a dose-independent manner (p

OBJECTIVES To develop nomograms predicting the incidence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and overall survival (OS) for de novo metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 449 patients with de novo metastatic PCa were retrospectively analysed. Patients were randomly divided into a training (n = 314, 70%) and a validation cohort (n = 135, 30%). Predictive factors were selected using a Cox proportional hazards model and were further used for building predictive models. The outcomes were incidence of CRPC and OS. RESULTS Predictive factors included: Gleason score (GS), intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, and alkaline phosphatase, haemoglobin and prostate-specific antigen levels. IDC-P and GS were the strongest prognosticators for both the incidence of CRPC and OS. Nomograms for predicting CRPC and OS had an internal validated concordance index of 0.762 and 0.723, respectively. Based on the β coefficients of the final model, risk classification systems were constructed. For those with favourable, intermediate and poor prognosis, the median time to CRPC was 62.6, 28.0 and 13.0 months (P < 0.001), respectively; and the median OS was not reached, 55.0 and 33.0 months, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We developed two novel nomograms to predict the incidence of CRPC and OS for patients with de novo metastatic PCa. These tools may assist in physician decision-making and the designing of clinical trials.

To investigate the influencing factors of fracture nonunion after intramedullary nailing for subtrochanteric fractures and to construct a risk assessment model.Based on the multicenter retrospective analysis of 251 patients, all patients were divided into modeling group and verification group. In the modeling group, postoperative fracture nonunion rate, general data, fracture-related factors, surgical reduction-related factors, mechanical and biological factors were calculated, and the influencing factors of fracture nonunion were screened by univariate analysis. Logistic regression model was used for multifactor analysis to construct the risk assessment model. Based on the logistic regression model, the risk prediction model was constructed by drawing the Nomogram diagram. Through the verification group, the influencing factors were evaluated again, and the differentiation and calibration of the model were evaluated. The calibration degree was evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow test, goodness of fit test, and calibration curve. The discriminant degree was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Fracture nonunion occurred in 34 of 149 patients in the modeling group. Among the 14 potential influencing factors, univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative hip varus, intramedullary nail fixation failure, and reduction of fracture with large incision were the risk factors of fracture nonunion. The medial cortex fracture was seen reduced on X-Ray was a protective factor for fracture nonunion, and a regression equation was established. Based on the logistic regression model, the Nomogram diagram is drawn. Twenty-four cases of fracture nonunion occurred in the verification group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was area under curve =0.883 > 0.7, indicating that there was a moderate differentiation to evaluate the occurrence of fracture nonunion after operation. The goodness of fit test: the Hosmers-Lemeshow test (X2 = 2.921, P = .712 > .05) showed that the model had a good calibration.After intramedullary nailing of subtrochanteric fracture, hip varus, failure of intramedullary nail fixation and wide surgical dissection are the risk factors of fracture nonunion, and the postoperative reduction of medial cortex fracture is protective factor.National key research and development projects: 2016YFC0105806.

To solve the problem of unstable prediction results of traditional power load forecasting methods, a power dynamic load complementary coefficient forecasting method based on big data technology is proposed. The prediction method is mainly divided into the following four parts. The data caliber and density are collected to determine the reasonable data range. Then, according to the big data technology, the curve function of charge movement is calculated to calculate the complementary coefficient, and the complementary coefficient is combined to complete the prediction. The experimental results show that the power dynamic load complementarity coefficient prediction method based on big data technology proposed for the traditional charge prediction method is more stable, so this method is more effective.

Computer vision technology and image processing technology are applied in the field of agriculture gradually. How to diagnose crop diseases quickly and effectively has become a research hotspot. In this paper, we combine edge detection and fuzzy clustering algorithm to get the new algorithm through the experiment of more than 1500 pictures. The different kinds of diseases and insect pests of the 5 different crop leaves are used as the research object. Through the gray processing of the images, the removal of the unrelated background, the image segmentation, and the filling of the pixels of the crop disease and insect pests, the final calculation is final. The degree of crop leaf diseases and insect pests is calculated. From the experimental data, the degree of crop damage can be accurately reflected, and the degree of crop leaf disease and insect damage can be calculated, and the automatic batch operation of image segmentation can be realized.

There are many small objects in traffic scenes, but due to their low resolution and limited information, their detection is still a challenge. Small object detection is very important for the understanding of traffic scene environments. To improve the detection accuracy of small objects in traffic scenes, we propose a small object detection method in traffic scenes based on attention feature fusion. First, a multi-scale channel attention block (MS-CAB) is designed, which uses local and global scales to aggregate the effective information of the feature maps. Based on this block, an attention feature fusion block (AFFB) is proposed, which can better integrate contextual information from different layers. Finally, the AFFB is used to replace the linear fusion module in the object detection network and obtain the final network structure. The experimental results show that, compared to the benchmark model YOLOv5s, this method has achieved a higher mean Average Precison (mAP) under the premise of ensuring real-time performance. It increases the mAP of all objects by 0.9 percentage points on the validation set of the traffic scene dataset BDD100K, and at the same time, increases the mAP of small objects by 3.5%.

Background: The present evidence is insufficient for evaluating the impact of exclusive music therapy on anxiety and pain control in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the efficacy of music therapy in reducing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases (updated March 2020) were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing music therapy in reducing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL. The search strategy and study selection process were managed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Results: Five randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, music intervention groups experienced significant reductions in pain (risk ratios = –1.20, 95% confidence intervals = –1.95 to –0.45, P = .002) and anxiety (risk ratios = –3.31, 95% confidence intervals = –4.97 to –1.84, P

This paper analyzes AC transmission line fault current in 220kV AC/DC hybrid system due to DC fast adjustment features. To illustrate the effect of DC response on AC fault current, a back-to-back HVDC system in 220kV hybrid system is exampled in the paper. After introducing basic principle and control method of HVDC system, the paper establishes simulation models of 220KV AC transmission system and 220KV AC/DC hybrid transmission system based on electromagnetic simulation software SIMULINK. Simulation results show that fault current in AC/DC hybrid system is different from the AC system, which will make AC transmission line protection mis-operate or mal-operate.

Question answering (QA) over a large-scale knowledge base (KB) such as Freebase is an important natural language processing application. There are linguistically oriented semantic parsing techniques and machine learning motivated statistical methods. Both of these approaches face a key challenge on how to handle diverse ways natural questions can be expressed about predicates and entities in the KB. This paper is to investigate how to combine these two approaches. We frame the problem from a proof-theoretic perspective, and formulate it as a proof tree search problem that seamlessly unifies semantic parsing, logic reasoning, and answer ranking. We combine our word entity joint embedding learned from web-scale data with other surface-form features to further boost accuracy improvements. Our real-time system on the Freebase QA task achieved a very high F1 score (47.2) on the standard Stanford WebQuestions benchmark test data.

In a previous paper[11], we presented COCA (Collaborative Objects Coordination Architecture) as a generic framework for developing collaborative systems. COCA advocates separation of coordination policies from general-purpose computations in collaborative systems so that the former can be modeled in a high-level specification language. Reuse of both coordination policies and collaboration tools can be achieved.This paper overviews the COCA model and focuses on the application of COCA in building real-life systems. We prototyped a modest set of tools for electronic meeting systems (EMSs) to show how they can be used to support both unstructured and structured meetings, with only changes in the coordination policies and no changes to the tools themselves. A subset of Robert's Rules of Order[21] was formalized and specified as an example of control of formal structured meetings. Finally the current status and the future directions are summarized.

Relay is considered as an effective method to improve the coverage of high data rates, group mobility, temporary network deployment, and cell-edge throughput and provide the coverage in new areas. Mobile relay station (MRS) is considered as an extension of fixed relay in mobile scenarios such as bus, car and train. Doppler diversity is a diversity technique to improve reliability in highspeed scenario, which has been discussed in recent years. However it is so complicated that may not be suitable and economical for MS. This paper proposes a scheme about the combination of mobile relay station with Doppler diversity in OFDM system communications for high-speed railway scenario. This scheme can provide good quality in relay-MS link in which MS is at low or no velocity. System performance has been evaluated. Several other environments, which include non-relay systems, mobile relay without Doppler diversity system, are considered in this paper to be compared with this scheme. Moreover, fading channel model is analyzed and WINNER II channel model is used as the basic channel model for the simulator.

Many concurrency bugs in multi-threaded programs are due to dataraces. There have been many efforts to develop static and dynamic mechanisms to automatically find the data races. Most of the prior work has focused on finding the data races and eliminating the false positives.In this paper, we instead focus on a dynamic analysis technique to automatically classify the data races into two categories - the dataraces that are potentially benign and the data races that are potentially harmful. A harmful data race is a real bug that needs to be fixed. This classification is needed to focus the triaging effort on those data races that are potentially harmful. Without prioritizing the data races we have found that there are too many data races to triage. Our second focus is to automatically provide to the developer a reproducible scenario of the data race, which allows the developer to understand the different effects of a harmful data race on a program's execution.To achieve the above, we record a multi-threaded program's execution in a replay log. The replay log is used to replay the multi-threaded program, and during replay we find the data races using a happens-before based algorithm. To automatically classify if a data race that we find is potentially benign or potentially harmful, were play the execution twice for a given data race - one for each possible order between the conflicting memory operations. If the two replays for the two orders produce the same result, then we classify the data race to be potentially benign. We discuss our experiences in using our replay based dynamic data race checker on several Microsoft applications.

This paper presents several key technologies in the Mobile Location Based Service (MLBS) system of Shanghai. In the paper, the author presents a solution of handset mobile terminal, PDA+GPS+GSM/GPRS. The paper particularly introduces the hardware of the terminal and the acquirement of GPS information at the terminal. The paper also introduces how the terminal communicates with the special service center.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A rapid scan spectrophotometer has been coupled to a rotating disk electrode (RDE) to enable acquisition of potential difference near normal incidence UV-visible reflection absorption spectra of electrogenerated species in the diffusion boundary layer. The (correlated) noise associated with the wobbling of the RDE and other imperfections could be eliminated by synchronizing the rotation angle of the disk, with respect to an arbitrary fixed point, and the initiation of each spectral scan. This strategy was implemented by employing a signal generated by an optical sensor coupled to the rotating shaft as a primary source to drive the grating/galvanometer unit of a Harrick rapid scan spectrophotometer