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In the pipeline system for liquid carrying particle, local erosion wear broken has become the main damage mechanism of pipe in the fracturing operations of oil-gas engineering as a large number of particles continually impact on the inner surface of pipes. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation was performed to determine the evolutionary process of erosion wear in tubing connector, which was the weakness of pipeline system, and a new way to predict the pipeline safety was provided. Based on the Euler method, the volume fraction of the particulate phase and interphase momentum exchange were included in the liquid flow equations due to the influence of dense particle on fluid flow, and the particle trajectory were calculated in the Lagrange frame by analyzing the forces from the interaction of liquid and particle and particles collision. With the erosion damage model, the erosion rate/depth in the connector was calculated to reconstruct the mesh model of shoulder with 5 tori. Torus 1 is closest to axis while torus 5 is on the outmost wall of the connector. During the erosion event, greatest erosion and hence surface deformation occurs on tori 1 and 2, and this affects the surrounding flow and particle movement. After 10 h, there was a dramatic drop in the maximum erosion rate, which illustrated a conservative prediction for pipeline service life if the initial erosion rate was used. A physical erosion experiment was also performed to identify the weight loss and erosion characteristic of the inner surface with erosion time of 55 h. It was observed that the erosion simulations provided relative errors within 18% for erosion length and weight loss compared to the experimental values and a valid simulation method for the erosion evolution was proposed to predict the erosion life of tubing connector.

Penetration testing (PT) is the best method for vulnerabilities assessment and evaluating the security of the system under test, by planning and generating possible attack exploits, consist of a series of complex and time consuming trial-and-error stages. Many automated Pentest tools have made. Current Reinforce Learning (RL) based PT tools can do systematic and regular tests to save human resources. Without the aid of prior knowledge, RL-based penetration is somehow more like brute-force test. In this paper, we propose a novel ontology based BDI-agent RL automatic PT framework. By combining SWRL penetration testing knowledge base and RL in a BDI (belief-desire-intention) agent, the proposed model can make use of the ontology based knowledge base (prior knowledge) to optimize the planning problem in the uncertain and dynamic environment. Finally, the simulation on ASL simulation platform Jason proved the new BDI-agent auto-PT model can improve the accuracy and speed performance.

Background: Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common joint pathological disease associated with aging,previous observations have revealed that both osteopontin (OPN) and αvβ3 integrin are expressed in chondrocytes and both could as the biomarker for the progression of knee OA .The research aimed to comprehend the expressions of OPN and αvβ3 integrin and the chondrocyte senescence levels in OA. Methods: 48 cartilage tissues from normal and knee OA patients were divided into four groups of normal,minor,moderate, severe lesions based on the Mankin score. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to determine the expresssions of αvβ3,OPN and SAβ-gal in articular cartilage,Then Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze the correlations between Mankin Scores and αvβ3, OPN and SAβ-gal. The pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation among the αvβ3, OPN and SAβ-gal. Results: The expression of OPN and αvβ3 and SAβ-gal in articular cartilage were explored. αvβ3, OPN and SAβ-gal proteins all elvated in OA cartilage, the correlation coefficient between the Mankin score and the average optical density value of αvβ3, OPN, SAβ-gal were r=0.60,r=0.75,r=0.87,respectively, all p＜0.001,the correlation between the average optical density value of αvβ3 and OPN was r=0.3191, p

Objective. To explore the relationship between different degrees of compression and clinical symptoms in patients with the myocardial bridge and the risk factors of proximal atherosclerosis. Methods. The clinical data of 156 patients with the myocardial bridge who underwent selective coronary angiography in our hospital from December 2010 to December 2015 were collected. The patients were divided into Noble grade I group (102 cases) and Noble grades II-III group (54 cases) according to the degree of mural coronary artery systolic stenosis. According to the results of coronary angiography, 156 patients with the myocardial bridge were divided into an atherosclerosis group (the myocardial bridge combined with atherosclerosis at the proximal end of the myocardial bridge of simple wall coronary artery), 91 cases, and a control group (isolated myocardial bridge), 65 cases. The relationship between different degrees of compression and clinical symptoms in patients with the myocardial bridge was observed, and the logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of proximal atherosclerosis in patients with the myocardial bridge. Results. The incidence of atherosclerotic stenosis, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction in the proximal part of the myocardial bridge in the Noble grades II-III group was higher than that in the Noble grade I group ( P < 0.05 ). The differences in age, hypertension, and Noble classification between the two groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The differences of total cholesterol (TC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Multivariate analysis showed that age, hypertension, Noble grade, and CRP were all risk factors for proximal atherosclerosis in patients with the myocardial bridge ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The more severe the compression of the myocardial bridge, the greater the risk of cardiovascular events for patients and the higher the incidence of atherosclerotic stenosis in the proximal part of the myocardial bridge. In addition, the occurrence of atherosclerosis in the proximal coronary artery of the myocardial bridge may be affected by age, hypertension, Noble grade, and CRP level.

In modem city management, the detection and identification of abnormal objects is particularly important. Random parking of non-motor vehicles is one of the common important problems in the process of smart city management. The traditional processing method is mainly to find abnormal targets manually and equipment, and then report to the urban management center for the next step. These methods are time consuming, laborious, and inefficient. In order to further improve the efficiency of urban management, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv3 urban management surveillance video anomaly object detection algorithm. On the basis of the original YOLOv3 framework, we use depthwise separable convolution to reduce the amount of model calculations and increase the detection speed. At the same time, the SE module is added to improve the network structure complexity and detection accuracy. Based on the actual surveillance video data, the detection speed of this algorithm is 4 fps faster than the traditional YOLOv3, and the recognition accuracy is improved by 3%.

The numerous attacks on ICS systems have made severe threats to critical infrastructure. Extensive studies have focussed on the risk assessment of discovering vulnerabilities. However, to identify Zero-day vulnerabilities is challenging because they are unknown to defenders. Here we sought to measure ICS system zero-day risk by building an enhanced attack graph for expected attack path exploiting zero-day vulnerability. In this study, we define the security metrics of Zero-day vulnerability for an ICS. Then we created a Zero-day attack graph to guide how to harden the system by measuring attack paths that exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities. Our studies identify the vulnerability assessment method on ICS systems considering Zero-day Vulnerability by zero-day attack graph. Together, our work is essential to ICS systems security. By assessing unknown vulnerability risk to close the imbalance between attackers and defenders.

Practical teaching is the core teaching link of applied undergraduate colleges and bears the main task of cultivating applied talents. This thesis deeply explored the impact of cross-border e-commerce on international trade, constructed practice talent training system based on cross-border e-commerce, based on theoretical analysis and practical research, it proposed comprehensive VR practice platform and operating suggestions for implementation. The research is beneficial for undergraduates to improve their practical abilities in international trade field.

Background Prenatal anxiety has been a significant public health issue globally, leading to adverse health outcomes for mothers and children. The study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and anxiety level of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan and investigate the influencing factors for prenatal anxiety in this specific context. Methods Pregnant subjects’ KAP towards COVID-19 and their sociodemographics and pregnancy information were collected using questionnaires. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to assess anxiety status. Factors associated with the level of prenatal anxiety were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results The prenatal anxiety prevalence in this population was 20.8%. The mean score of knowledge was 13.2 ± 1.1 on a 0 ~ 14 scale. The attitudes and practices data showed that 580/ 817 (71.0%) were very concerned about the news of COVID-19, 455/817 (55.7%) considered the official media to be the most reliable information source for COVID-19, and 681/817 (83.4%) were anxious about the possibility of being infected by COVID-19. However, only 83/817 (10.2%) worried about contracting COVID-19 infection through the ultrasound transducer during a routing morphology scan. About two-thirds 528/817 (64.6%) delayed or canceled the antenatal visits. Approximately half of them 410/817 (50.2%) used two kinds of personal protection equipments (PPEs) during hospital visits. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the influential factors for prenatal anxiety included previous children in the family, knowledge score, media trust, worry of contracting the COVID-19 infection and worry about getting infected with COVID-19 from the ultrasound probe antenatal care (ANC) schedule. Conclusion Prenatal anxiety was prevalent among pregnant women in Wuhan during the outbreak of COVID-19. The current findings identified factors associated with the level of prenatal anxiety that could be targeted for psychological care.

BackgroundThe association of myocardial bridge (MB) with cardiovascular risk and the possible cardiovascular risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and related factors of coronary stenosis proximal to an MB.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients with symptoms of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease admitted between 10/2011 and 12/2014 to the Emergency and Cardiology Department of Bayannur Hospital, who underwent selective coronary angiography (SCAG). The patients were assigned to the non-stenosis and stenosis groups according to whether coronary stenosis was proximal to the MB.ResultsAmong 244 patients with MB and cardiovascular symptoms, 91 (37.3%) had stenosis proximal to the MB. Compared with the non-stenosis group, there were more males (80.2% vs. 55.6%,P P P = 0.002), which was then considered an independent factor associated with coronary stenosis proximal to the MB.ConclusionsIn patients diagnosed with an MB by SCAG, only MB located in the middle distal or distal segment of the LAD is independently associated with coronary stenosis proximal to the MB.

The early prediction of renal outcomes in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) remains challenging. The present retrospective study evaluated patients with iMN confirmed by renal biopsy. An optimized Cox regression model and a nomogram were constructed for the early prediction of renal outcomes. A total of 141 patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated in the present study. In total 18 (12.8%) patients eventually progressed to the endpoint, 6 of whom developed end-stage renal disease, and one patient died during follow-up. The optimized model demonstrated that 24-h proteinuria [hazard ratio (HR) 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.40; P-value

Anonymization techniques are widely adopted to protect users’ privacy during social data publishing and sharing. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the typical structure-based social network de-anonymization algorithms. We aim to understand the de-anonymization approaches and disclose the impacts on their application performance caused by different factors. We design the analysis framework and define three experiment environments to evaluate a few factors’ impacts on the target algorithms. Based on our analysis architecture, we simulate two typical de-anonymization algorithms and evaluate their performance under different pre-configured environments.

// Ji Zhang 2 , Chaosheng Chen 2 , Qiongxiu Zhou 2 , Shubei Zheng 1 , Yinqiu Lv 2 , Jianna Zhang 2 , Xiaohan You 2 , Zhanyuan Li 1 , Zhihong Zhou 1 and Min Pan 1 1 Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 2 Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China Correspondence to: Min Pan, email: pm_1234@163.com Keywords: IgA nephropathy, fibrinogen, chronic kidney disease, Oxford classification, renal outcome Received: July 29, 2017 Accepted: September 22, 2017 Published: October 09, 2017 ABSTRACT Background: IgA nephropathy is a primary cause of renal failure, and inflammation and renal fibrosis are the main mechanisms leading to kidney damage. The serum fibrinogen level is closely related to inflammatory states, but its relationship to the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is unclear. Materials and Methods: 1053 patients diagnosed with IgAN after renal biopsy were enrolled from two Nephrology Departments. Demographic and clinical data and histopathological features were collected. The patients were divided into four groups (Q1–Q4) according to the serum fibrinogen levels at the time of renal biopsy, and the relationships of serum fibrinogen levels with other risk factors and the prognosis of IgAN were investigated. Results: 672 patients with proven primary IgAN were included in this study, which included a median follow-up of 36 months. Patients with higher serum fibrinogen levels had elevated serum creatinine levels, 24-hour urinary protein, and blood pressure compared with patients with the lowest levels of serum fibrinogen as well as severe renal damage at the time of renal biopsy. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the serum fibrinogen level at the time of renal biopsy was significantly related to the prognosis of patients with IgAN. Conclusions: In patients with IgAN, an elevated serum fibrinogen level at the time of renal biopsy is associated with poor renal outcomes, which suggests the need for more aggressive early interventions. Greater benefits of aggressive treatments were observed in patients with higher serum fibrinogen levels.

Hyperglycemia and inflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Brazilin might be an effective pharmacological agent against hyperglycemia and inflammation. In our present study, we explored whether brazilin mitigated pathological progression, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Brazilin reduced aggravated biochemical indices of DN (proteinuria and the serum glucose level) and renal hypertrophy. Brazilin also improved renal morphology and inhibited macrophage infiltration, as manifested by different pathological staining methods. Brazilin reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD68, a macrophage marker, in the kidney cortex, as revealed by both RT-PCR and western blotting experiments. Furthermore, brazilin significantly downregulated the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, brazilin significantly upregulated the levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, and prevented ECM accumulation. Brazilin reduced nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, brazilin might be a useful treatment for DN, through mitigating hypoglycemia, inflammation, and ECM accumulation.

In order to deal with the challenge of the identification task of road sludge under real scenes, we propose a novel detection for road sludge detection. It combines the road sludge features extracted by the residual network with the feature maps of various scales. The swish activation function is used in the network, and GIoU-loss is used as the loss of position regression. The Improved-YOLOv3 experiment on our self-built road sludge datasets shows superior performance in speed and accuracy and it also realized real-time detection and recognition. Specially, the detection time of each frame is 45ms on the GPU (GTX 1080ti) acceleration. Furthermore, it achieved a 96.7% precise rate and a 63.5% recall rate.

In this paper, based on the motion properties of human skeleton, the neural network model based on graph convolution network (GCN) and 2D pose is introduced to carry out deep learning and classification of target actions, so as to detect falls. The experimental results show that our method is superior to the existing methods in two-dimensional pose, and the accuracy of the two aspects is not very different in 3D pose. However, we use GPU acceleration for testing on ubuntu platform with an average speed of 25fps, which basically meets the requirements of real-time engineering calculation and is easier to deploy to the real environment than 3D pose.

Objective To elucidate the relationship between the risk factors and hematoma expansion(HE)shapes. Patients and methods From February 2013 to November 2018, 60 patients diagnosed as basal ganglia ICH were divided into the filled type hematoma expansion group (FTE group) and the expanded type hematoma expansion group (ETE group). we performed follow-up CT and three-dimensional reconstruction for the patients and compared the hematoma before and after the expansion of size and extent. Results The regression analysis showed that the irregular sign (odds ratio, 3.64; 95 % CI, 1.46–9.12), black hole sign (odds ratio, 3.85; 95 % CI, 1.40–10.60), blend sign (odds ratio, 2.86; 95 % CI, 1.03–7.95), and early use of dehydration (odds ratio, 4.59; 95 % CI, 1.59–13.19) were possible risk factors for the ETE group, while the high systolic blood pressure (odds ratio, 1.51; 95 % CI, 1.04–2.30), early use of dehydration (odds ratio, 3.27; 95 % CI, 1.10–9.69) and low density low-density band (odds ratio, 4.52; 95 % CI, 1.54–13.28) were possible risk factors for the FTE group. Conclusions The irregular sign, black hole sign, blend sign and early use of dehydration may be the main risk factors for ETE, whereas early use of dehydration, high systolic blood pressure, and low density low-density band may be the main risk factors for FTE.

Although multilayer stents (MSs) can be used to treat aneurysm effectively, for some aneurysms with branches attached, the hemodynamic mechanisms are still unclear. In this work, we modeled five cases that involve 1–4-layer stents implanted in aneurysms with side branches, and the numerical approach was used. Case 1 corresponds to an aneurysm without a stent, and cases 2–5 represent 1–4-layer stents being employed within aneurysms, respectively. The results showed that the velocity within the sac declined dramatically and the eddies’ intensity weakened with increased number of stent layers, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), and nitric oxide production rate (TARNO) dropped linearly with increase in stent porosity, and oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) increased evidently with MS intervention. Moreover, the MSs had a slight effect on the patency of the side branch; its flow rate was still above the normal case than without aneurysm. It can be concluded that MSs are helpful in promoting the growth of thrombus within the aneurysm through an isolated hemodynamic environment and keeping the branch unobstructed, but more clinical evidences are required.

Objective To explore the clinical presentation and molecular genetic characteristics of a cohort of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) patients from southern China and also to explore the most appropriate therapeutic approaches. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 65 children with CHI. Mutational analysis was performed for KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes. The GLUD1 gene was sequenced in patients with hyperammonaemia. GCK gene sequencing was performed in those patients with no mutation identified in the ABCC8, KCNJ11 or GLUD1 genes. Results ABCC8 mutations were identified in 16 (25%) of the cohort, GLUD1 mutations were identified in five children, and no KCNJ11 or GCK mutations were identified. Moreover, some unique features of ABCC8 gene mutations in southern Chinese CHI patients were found in this study. The most common mutation was a deletion/insertion mutation p.Thr1042GlnfsX75 was found in five unrelated patients, which possibly represents a relatively common mutation in southern China. Five novel ABCC8 mutations were detected. The mutations were p.Phe5SerfsX72, p.Gln273ArgfsX85, p.Leu724del, p.Asp1447Gly and IVS 25-1G>T. Five compound heterozygous mutations of ABCC8 gene were identified in this study, and three of these patients were diazoxide-responsive. Forty patients were diazoxide-responsive, 13 patients were diazoxide-unresponsive and 12 patients received dietary treatment only. A pancreatectomy was performed in 10 patients who were unresponsive to medical treatment. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of CHI in south China. Mutations in ABCC8 are the most common causes of CHI in this cohort. Diazoxide and dietary treatment were effective in most patients. Multicentre studies are necessary to obtain the long-term follow-up characteristics of such patients at a national level.

The rapid development of wellness smart devices and apps, such as Fitbit Coach and FitnessGenes, has triggered a wave of interaction on social networks. People communicate with and follow each other based on their wellness activities. Though such IoT devices and data provide a good motivation, they also expose users to threats due to the privacy leakage of social networks. Anonymization techniques are widely adopted to protect users’ privacy during social data publishing and sharing. However, de-anonymization techniques are actively studied to identify weaknesses in current social network data-publishing mechanisms. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the typical structure-based social network de-anonymization algorithms. We aim to understand the de-anonymization approaches and disclose the impacts on their application performance caused by different factors, e.g., topology properties and anonymization methods adopted to sanitize original data. We design the analysis framework and define three experiment environments to evaluate a few factors’ impacts on the target algorithms. Based on our analysis architecture, we simulate three typical de-anonymization algorithms and evaluate their performance under different pre-configured environments.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Living-High Training-Low on HIF-1α transcriptional regulatory factors MAPKs mRNA in gastrocnemius of Rats. Methods After adaptive training, 40 8-weeks-old male SD rats were divided into living-low quiet control group (LC), living-low training-low group (LoLo), living-high quiet control group (HC), living-high training-low group (HiLo). All living-high groups stayed in the environment with 13.6% oxygen concentration, about altitude of 3500 m, for 12h/day. All training groups underwent treadmill training with 35m/min for 1hour/day, 5days/week. 4 weeks later, the gastrocnemius was sampled 24 hours after the last training. The ERK, p38MAPK, JNK and HIF-1α mRNA genes expressions in gastrocnemius were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results The gastrocnemius ERK mRNA of HiLo group was significantly higher than LC (P0.05). The JNK and HIF-1α mRNA of HiLo group were significantly higher than other groups (P

Network encryption traffic security censorship is an indispensable part of Internet security. The accuracy and speed of the censorship is a very important requirement. In the actual censorship environment, there is much unknown protocol traffic so that the existing method of artificial designing features cannot satisfy the classification of unknown protocols. CNN can automatically learn features and use them to construct the classification algorithm of the model. CNN has strict requirements on input and we divide the original traffic to numbers of sessions which have a size as large as 400 bytes for each. We do some experiments to get this result, 400-byte size and get a series of inspiring results. We get 64 feature maps automatically learned by CNN, which verify our thoughts on feature self-learning. The classification results meet the requirements of network traffic censorship. This is the first time that CNN has been used to classify botnet encrypted and unencrypted traffic, and the focus of research is on features self-learning. This has implications for the future research of artificial intelligence methods on botnet and provides a reference.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an autoimmune disease associated with complement activation. It is unclear whether the ratio of serum C3 and C4 concentrations (C3/C4 ratio) can predict renal outcomes in IgAN patients. A total of 1503 patients diagnosed with IgAN via renal biopsy were recorded in this study. Poor renal outcomes were defined as > 50% decrease in the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during follow-up. In total, 712 patients meeting the exclusion/inclusion criteria were selected, and the mean follow-up period was 40.6 (12.34) months. Patients with decreased C3/C4 ratios displayed significantly more severe clinical characteristics and renal pathological features and a higher proportion of poor renal outcomes and ESRD. The optimal multivariate Cox regression models identified the C3/C4 ratio (hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.5–0.9), serum uric acid (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.2–2.2), serum creatinine (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6), systolic blood pressure (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.2–2.0) and T score (relative to T0, T1: HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.1–3.7, T2: HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.6–5.9) as strong predictors of poor renal outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with low C3/C4 ratios benefited from glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressive agents (hazard ratio 0.30 and 0.18, 95% CI 0.13–0.72 and 0.07–0.46, respectively). Serum C3/C4 ratios may be an independent novel predictor of renal outcomes in IgAN patients. Decreased C3/C4 ratios suggest poor renal outcomes and the potential to benefit from aggressive immunosuppressive therapies.

With the advancement and deployment of leading-edge telecommunication technologies for sensing and collecting traffic related information, the vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have emerged as a new application scenario that is envisioned to revolutionize the human driving experiences and traffic flow control systems. To avoid any possible malicious attack and resource abuse, employing lightweight cryptosystems is widely recognized as one of the most effective approaches for the VANETs to achieve confidentiality, integrity and authentication. As a typical substitution-permutation network lightweight cryptosystem, LED supports 64-bit and 128-bit secret keys, which are flexible to provide security for the RFID and other highly-constrained devices in the VANETs. Since its introduction, some research of fault analysis has been devoted to attacking the last three rounds of LED. It is an open problem to know whether provoking faults at a former round of LED allows recovering the secret key. In this paper, we give an answer to this problem by showing a novel impossible differential fault analysis on one round earlier of all LED keysize variants. Mathematical analysis and simulating experiments show that the attack could recover the 64-bit and 128–bit secret keys of LED by introducing 48 faults and 96 faults in average, respectively. The result in this study describes that LED is vulnerable to a half byte impossible differential fault analysis. It will be beneficial to the analysis of the same type of other iterated lightweight cryptosystems in the VANETs.

A new discrete fractional random transform based on two circular matrices is designed and a novel double-image encryption–compression scheme is proposed by combining compressive sensing with discrete fractional random transform. The two random circular matrices and the measurement matrix utilized in compressive sensing are constructed by using a two-dimensional sine Logistic modulation map. Two original images can be compressed, encrypted with compressive sensing and connected into one image. The resulting image is re-encrypted by Arnold transform and the discrete fractional random transform. Simulation results and security analysis demonstrate the validity and security of the scheme.

The local head loss of tee could be calculated with the determination of local resistance coefficient by CFD simulation and test. Based on the mesh-independent feature identified, the flow field inner tee was numerically simulated by the standard k - ε turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithms, which has revealed the mainstream was obliged to turn to the opposite side of tee junction, and a rise in pressure drop between upstream and downstream was caused as a result. Furthermore, the frictional resistance coefficient was calculated for eliminating the frictional head loss of model, which decreased from 0.0207 to 0.0133 when the inlet velocity increased from 1 m/s to 12 m/s. Additionally, the local resistance coefficients of tee at flow conditions were attained, and the quadratic polynomial between the local resistance coefficient and flux ratio was presented due to the influence of branch on mainstream. Through the test, the simulation result has been compared and the effectiveness of simulation has been verified.

Most of the existing image encryption techniques bear security risks for taking linear transform or suffer encryption data expansion for adopting nonlinear transformation directly. To overcome these difficulties, a novel image compression–encryption scheme is proposed by combining 2D compressive sensing with nonlinear fractional Mellin transform. In this scheme, the original image is measured by measurement matrices in two directions to achieve compression and encryption simultaneously, and then the resulting image is re-encrypted by the nonlinear fractional Mellin transform. The measurement matrices are controlled by chaos map. The Newton Smoothed l 0 Norm ( NSL 0 ) algorithm is adopted to obtain the decryption image. Simulation results verify the validity and the reliability of this scheme.

Due to human errors, noise during transmission and other interference, some data collected from industrial process system might be lost in the collection process, which would affect the whole quality of data. In addition, the data collected by the industrial control system are generally composited of a large number of high-dimensional data. To facilitate the follow-up processing like anomaly detection, the “the curse of dimensionality” need to be solved, to obtain useful and meaningful content from massive high-dimensional data. The features obtained from DBNs (Deep Belief Networks) are usually not on the low-dimensional surface, and they can well express high-dimensional nonlinear function with a variety of variables. Therefore, in this paper, the DBNs are used to solve the data processing problem in industrial control system. Moreover, some experiments have been done to reveal that the DBNs algorithm can improve the filling accuracy, and the reduction of dimensions of data is good for effective information extraction.

The primary aim of this study was to identify the time point at which improvements in knee range of motion reach a plateau, if any. The secondary aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the improvements in knee range of motion and patient-reported outcomes [Oxford knee score (OKS) and SF-36]. The hypothesis is that there is a time point at which the recovery in the knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) plateaus. A prospective study of 145 patients who underwent TKA was conducted. All TKAs were performed by the same surgeon. OKS and SF-36 scores were measured preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months. Range of motion was measured preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. This study shows that for surgeon/therapist reported range of motion, a plateau in recovery was reached at 12 months after TKA. It was also found that range of extension is significantly correlated with OKS, whereas range of flexion was not significantly correlated with OKS. Knowledge of when patients fully recover after TKA will allow appropriate counseling of patients during preoperative consultation. Also, this knowledge will enable surgeons/therapists to better monitor the rehabilitation progress of TKA patients, and make adjustments to the rehabilitation protocol. In addition, our study shows that objective surgeon-/therapist-measured outcome (range of motion) has a significant correlation with subjective patient-reported outcomes (OKS). Hence, both outcome measures should be employed in the postoperative monitoring of patient progress. Prospective case series, Level IV.

Coiled tubing operating system can improve the efficiency of offshore oil and gas exploration with a wide prospect of application. Coiled tubing is commonly subjected to complex loading inside the pipeline or wellbore. Through experimental research, we can derive the experimental explanations of actual pipe depth the coiled tubing goes into, buckling, lock-up, release, etc. In this paper, the method of combined numerical calculation and experimental validation is used to study coiled tubing buckling inside the pipeline or wellbore. The geometric parameters of the experimental system are presented. A test bench including a vertical segment, a bending segment, a horizontal segment and an end loading unit is designed. We carry out experiments using rubber rods and steel wires with three different diameters, bending segment of two kinds of lengths, and terminal constraints of the free end, fixed end and loading end. Experimental phenomena such as sinusoidal buckling, helical buckling, lock-up, pitch reversal, yield of head and load jumps in end loading experiments are analyzed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results. The load jumps in end loading experiments and radial gap affect helical buckling and lock-up process. Moreover, the decision criterion of helix lock-up in the field operation is proposed, which can provide a guide for engineering practice.

Objective The correlation of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and Klotho protein levels with bone mineral density (BMD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients was analyzed. Methods Between January 2015 and November 2015, 125 MHD patients in our hospital were enrolled. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to examine the BMD in the femoral neck and lumbar spine of MHD patients. The patients were divided into three groups: a normal bone mass group, an osteopenia group, and an osteoporosis group. An ELISA was performed to measure serum FGF-23, Klotho protein, and 1,25(OH)2VitD3 levels. Other parameters, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and parathyroid hormone, were also measured. Results Of the 125 MHD patients, 82.40% of patients had femoral neck osteopenia, and 56.00% of patients had lumbar spinal osteopenia. The serum FGF-23 level was highest in the osteoporosis group. However, there was no significant difference in serum FGF-23 levels among the three groups, depending on femoral neck and lumbar spinal BMD (P > 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis also pointed to a lack of correlation between serum FGF-23 levels and BMD. Among the three groups, there were significant differences in serum Klotho protein levels and femoral neck BMD (P

Purpose. To compare the stiffness of locking compression plate (LCP) constructs with or without drilling the near cortex with elongated figure-of-8 holes. Methods. 24 synthetic bones were sawn to create a 10-mm gap and were fixed with a 9-hole 4.5-mm narrow LCP. In 12 bones, the near cortex of the adjacent holes to the LCP holes was drilled to create elongated figure-of-8 holes before screw insertion. The stiffness of LCP constructs under axial loading or 4-point bending was assessed by (1) dynamic quasi-physiological testing for fatigue strength, (2) quasi-static testing for stiffness, and (3) testing for absolute strength to failure. Results. None of the 24 constructs had subcatastrophic or catastrophic failure after 10 000 cycles of fatigue loading (p=1.000). The axial stiffness reduced by 16% from 613±62 to 517±44 N/mm (p=0.012) in the case group, whereas the bending stiffness was 16±1 Nm2 in both groups (p=1.000). The maximum axial load to catastrophic failure was 1596±84 N for the control group and 1627±48 N for the case group (p=0.486), whereas the maximum bending moment to catastrophic failure was 79±12 and 80±10 Nm, respectively (p=0.919). Conclusion. Drilling the near cortex with elongated figure-of-8 holes reduces the axial stiffness of the LCP construct, without compromising its bending stiffness or strength.

The focus of current treatments for obesity is to reduce the body weight or visceral fat, which requires longer duration to show effect. In this study, we investigated the short-term changes in fat metabolism in liver, abdomen, and skeletal muscle during antiobesity interventions including Sibutramine treatment and diet restriction in obese rats using magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and blood chemistry. Sibutramine is an antiobesity drug that results in weight loss by increasing satiety and energy expenditure. The Sibutramine-treated rats showed reduction of liver fat and intramyocellular lipids on day 3. The triglycerides (TG) decreased on day 1 and 3 compared to baseline (day 0). The early response/nonresponse in different fat depots will permit optimization of treatment for better clinical outcome rather than staying with a drug for longer periods.

The use of tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has resulted in negligible intra-operative blood loss but notable post-operative blood loss, creating the ideal scenario for using topical haemostatic agents intra-operatively. Recently, medical adjuvants including tranexamic acid (TXA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-articular TXA and H2O2 in reducing blood loss during TKA.Fifty patients, who underwent a primary TKA with 1,500 mg of intra-articular TXA between May 2011 and December 2011, were compared with two matching cohorts of 50 patients each who underwent TKA with 100 ml of 3 % H2O2 wash and TKA without any TXA or H2O2. All surgeries were performed by two senior surgeons. The total blood loss was calculated by the hemoglobin balance method.The pre-operative serum hemoglobin levels were 13.1 ± 1.3, 13.1 ± 1.3 and 13.0 ± 1.2 g/dl (p0.05); while the drop in serum hemoglobin levels post-operatively was 2.0 ± 0.7, 2.4 ± 0.9 and 2.7 ± 0.8 g/dl for the TXA, H2O2 and Control groups, respectively (p0.001). The total amount of blood loss was 596 ± 449, 710 ± 279 and 760 ± 228 ml, respectively (p = 0.046). There was no difference in the duration of surgery between the three groups (p0.05).This study showed that intra-articular TXA reduced blood loss during TKA without significantly increasing the duration of surgery. We cannot justify H2O2 wash as an alternative to intra-articular TXA to reduce blood loss during TKA.

Now, organizations are required to comply with existing privacy protection regulations on data collection, use, and disclosure. Privacy preservation in a data-sharing computing environment is becoming a challenging problem. The core part of privacy protection is purposes for and circumstances under which the data can be accessed. It must be ensured that data can only be used for its intended purposes, so the access purpose should be compliant with the intended purposes. In this paper, the role-based access control (RBAC) model is extended to incorporate the notion of purpose. Relationships between purposes are defined. It is investigated that how different components in the RBAC model are related to purpose and how the purpose information can be used to determine whether a subject has access to a given object. The model can suit for applications consisting of static and dynamic objects, where both access purpose and intended purpose are needed for consideration before granting access.

The aim of this study is to determine the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following patients with and without deep vein thrombosis (DVT) using patient-reported quality of life outcomes and therapist-reported knee range of motion. We carried out a retrospective study of 157 patients who underwent primary TKA at one large regional hospital. Thirty-six patients developed DVT after TKA. We scored patients at pre-operation, six months and two years post-operation using Short Form-36, Knee Society Clinical Rating System, Oxford 12-item Knee Score questionnaires, and knee range of motion. Our study found that there was no significant difference in the patient-reported quality of life outcomes and therapist-reported knee range of motion between patients who had developed DVT and those who did not.

We developed an ice accretion prediction code applies a time-stepping procedure to accrete ice on single and multi-element airfoils, each time step consists of a flowfield calculation, a particle trajectory and impingement computation, and an ice accumulation prediction. The computational grids for the multi-element airfoils were generated by using a multi-block grid technique. We use a four-stage Runge-Kutta method to solve the droplet trajectory equation and a recursive box searching method is proposed to compute the position of the droplet, compared with the traditional direct method, it obtains the same result but reduces computational time by one order of magnitude. Ice shape is determinated with assumption that all droplets freeze at their points of impact and the ice grows in the direction normal to the surface. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are conducted to calculate the air flow field and a time-accurate, fully implicit LU-SGS method is used to solve the viscous flow problems. It uses the flux-vector splitting (FVS) method of van Leer, and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model was used in the numerical procedure. With the above methods and techniques, the computational results we got are in good agreement with the available experiments data, and show preliminarily that our method of icing predicted model and flow field numerical simulation is feasible.

Ice accretion leads to significant deterioration of aircraft aerodynamic performance and handling qualities. In this paper, ice accretion on NACA 0012 airfoil and multi-element airfoils are predicted using CFD method. Using a multi-block grid technique, we generate computational grids for the multi-element airfoils. A four-stage Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the droplet trajectory equation, a recursive box searching method is proposed to compute the position of the droplet. The method is efficient and robust. Compared with the traditional direct method, it obtains the same result and reduces computational time by one order of magnitude. Ice shape is determinated with assumption that all droplets freeze at their points of impact and the ice grows in the direction normal to the surface. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are conducted to calculate the air flow field. A time-accurate, fully implicit LU-SGS method is used to solve the viscous flow problems. It uses a finite volume cell-centered formulation on structured grids and employs central space discretization with artificial dissipation for the residual computation, Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model was used in the numerical procedure. With the above methods and techniques, the computational results we got are in good agreement with the available experiments data, and show preliminarily that our method of icing predicted model and flow field numerical simulation is feasible.

Background Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatic hormone involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aims to test the hypothesis that elevated FGF21 concentrations are associated with the change of renal function and the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Methodology/Principal Findings 240 subjects including 200 CKD patients (146 outpatients and 54 long-term hemodialytic patients) and 40 healthy control subjects were recruited. All CKD subjects underwent echocardiograms to assess left ventricular mass index. Plasma FGF21 levels and other clinical and biochemical parameters in all subjects were obtained based on standard clinical examination methods. Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly increased with the development of CKD from early- and end-stage (P

Objectives: To determine the effect of injected fibroblasts on full-thickness cutaneous wounds and to distinguish between the properties of fetal vs adult fibroblasts. Design: Full-thickness cutaneous wounds were created by incision in the skin of adult New Zealand white rabbits and treated with fluorescently labeled autogenic, allogenic, and xenogenic fetal and adult fibroblasts. Wound healing was evaluated by histologic analysis and tensiometry over time. Subjects: A total of 9 New Zealand white rabbits with 24 wounds per animal were examined in this study. Groups of 3 animals were treated with different fibroblasts and euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days after manipulation. Intervention: Fibroblasts were labeled with a fluorescent dye (CM-DiI) and suspended in a hyaluronic acid gel. The cell-gel mix was used to treat full-thickness incisional wounds in rabbit skin. Imaging of CM-DiI determined the quantity and the migratory patterns of the transplanted fibroblasts present in the wounds. Tensiometry characterized the mechanical properties of the healed connective tissue. Results: Transplanted fibroblasts exhibited good survival and migration patterns. Cell therapy increased the tensile strength of the wounds. Allogenic fetal and autogenic adult fibroblasts achieved similar effects. Conclusions: Cell therapy is a viable approach to significantly affect the course of normal cutaneous wound healing, and cell lines from genetically unrelated donors do not appear to be disadvantaged by a host immune response compared with autogenic cell lines.