Search

Studying the issues of recovery of low-potential energy at smallscale energy facilities allowed to show the promising character of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology as a technology for recovery or conversion of low-potential energy.The most promising developments in the field of the use and recovery of waste heat are described regarding application of ORC, which is widely used in geothermal sources, hot water boilers, gas turbine plants. Due to the constantly growing diversity of working fluids, ORC can be used within a wide temperature range from 100°C to over 350°C. Also, developments are underway in the design of ORC generators to increase reliability of its individual system units, such as turbines and expanders. Based on the above factors, it can be concluded that with a deeper study of the problems of adopting ORC technologies, they can become a very promising direction in development of heat power engineering.It has been determined that the main factor hindering the widespread adoption of the ORC technology is associated with high cost of heat exchange equipment due to increased heat exchange surfaces. It is shown that design of mini power plants and energy centres based on the use of low-potential energy requires improvement of mathematical modelling methods to reliably determine operating modes and characteristics of each of the units. Methods for modelling evaporation and condensation systems, including turbines and expanders using organic low-boiling working fluids, should be considered among the methods that are highly sought after. The methods for selecting a working fluid for ORC devices also have a significant impact on characteristics of the installation determining the range of cycle operating temperatures and pressures. The solution of the above problems can lead to a reduction in the cost of heat exchange equipment, and, consequently, to a decrease in costs for design of ORC generators.

Classical algorithms of relay protection construction do not use all available information base and therefore cannot provide the highest possible sensitivity with guaranteed selectivity. These algorithms, as a rule, concentrate different information, as a result of which it is partially lost. For example, the resistance relay operates with complex resistance, that is, two real parameters, although two complex variables – voltage and current – are used to calculate the complex resistance. This paper shows the solution to the problem of classification of power line operating modes using a neural network algorithm. The simplest neural network, a perceptron, is a universal classifier, since a convergence theorem has been proved for it, showing that if a classification exists, a perceptron of sufficient complexity is able to describe it. The statistical and geometrical interpretations of various algorithms are discussed. The dependence of the quality of the classifier’s work on the distribution of precedents in the training sample, on which the training is based, as well as on the structure and parameters of the neural network, is shown. The recognition ability of the neural network classifier, i.e. the ability to distinguish short circuits within the protected zone from short circuits outside the protected zone at different number of precedents in the training sample, is evaluated. The limits of applicability of such algorithms to the task of classification of object operation modes in electric power industry are shown and recommendations for their practical application are formulated. The results obtained indicate the need to develop methods for training classifiers that are based on a source of informative precedents in the form of a simulation model of the object.

We highlight issues relevant to a consent-based siting process for energy facilities with the intent to inform government officials, planners, and stakeholders on potential critical issues and chal...

The paper considers spatial organization of energy facilities with an emphasis on modern practice of the Republic of Belarus. The efficiency of enterprise operation in any industry including power industry is largely due to their architectural and planning organization. Knowledge of mechanisms and specific features of the changes taking place here makes it possible to justify a promising strategy for project activities, and therefore, it allows to manage development processes of the industry and thereby avoid many negative consequences. Energy facilities are a typological unit of industrial architecture, their formation has been started due to transition of industrial production to electric energy. Today the typology shows functional approach in architectural shaping, it includes a fairly large variety of constituent units and demonstrates a tendency towards diversification. In Belarus energy facilities in the architectural aspect of their classification are limited mostly to thermal power plants operating on different types of fuel. Currently the diversification is developing in the following areas: construction of hydropower facilities (small plants on reservoirs, medium power plants, low-pressure plants, run-of-the-river hydraulic power stations), alternative energy (wind power stations, photovoltaic power stations and biogas plants) and conventional energy (thermal power plant, mini-combined heat and power plant operating on renewable fuel). The results of Belarusian practice in construction of all types of facilities (hydropower, alternative and conventional energy), peculiarities of the architectural and planning organization of facilities at the current stage, correlation with global trends in the development of industrial architecture have been characterized in the paper. The paper has determined typological features of alternative energy facility architecture, opportunities and directions for implementation of architectural approaches, problems and prospects to develop scientific support for the project process.

Technologies are presented that are designed to implement a risk-based approach in the management of production assets in terms of implementing ontological modeling to assess the technical condition of equipment, potential damage, risk, determination of the composition, scope of work, timing, cost and scheduling, predictive diagnosis of equipment. The problems of creating universal classifiers of production assets, duplicate items that have different interpretations in the name of the same equipment group, an incomplete list of positions by equipment groups, inconsistency of classification items and their attributes in various directories are identified and presented. Scientific approaches are outlined to the formation of classifiers of the main technological equipment (MTE) in the electric power industry. The place of classification in the general algorithm of ontological modeling of production activities of energy facilities and the industry as a whole is determined, the urgent need is pointed out for classification work to introduce digital asset management technologies. National standards are presented that define the requirements for the profiles of information models and the organization of information communication in the electric power industry and establish the composition of the information model to ensure unambiguous interpretation of transmitted and received data by all participants in the information communication in the electric power industry and comply with international standards, which allows implementing ontological modeling in accordance with the series CIM standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Analysis of the experience of the MTE classification in energy companies by type of production activity is made and presented, with the main problems in classifying their energy equipment and other physical assets identified. Comparative characteristic is given to the Russian classification systems and foreign ERP-systems. General approaches to classification issues are formed. Possible options for classifying assets are considered. Units of classification by depth and significance are defined for further use in the process of managing the “operation” stage of their life cycle. Specific directions are presented for using uniform equipment classifiers for cluster analysis of physical assets and developing decisions on the technical impact on them during the life cycle.

The outcome of a project to integrate the business-process of computational validation of reactor equipment into a unified information space of an enterprise for the purpose of creating digital doppelgangers of nuclear power facilities is reported. The preparation time required for design documentation was reduced by implementing a program link between the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Simulation Process and Data Management (SPDM) systems. A solution is proposed for optimizing the storage and usage of computational data in the High Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructure of OKBM Afrikantov.

In 2013, China proposed the “Belt & Road Initiative” which aims to invest the “Belt & Road” countries so as to help them develop their infrastructure and economy. China consumes the largest part of fossil energy of the whole world, so it is China’s priority to consider its energy supplying security. Therefore, it becomes urgent for China to invest the “Belt & Road” countries’ energy facilities. There comes a question: how to evaluate the overseas energy investment risk? To answer this question, this paper proposes a deep learning method to assess such risk of the 50 “Belt & Road” countries. Specifically, this paper first proposes an indicator system in which 6 main factors are separated into 36 sub-factors. This paper makes use of hierarchical convolution neural networks (CNN) to encode the historical statistics. The hierarchical structure could help CNN handle the long historical statistics more effectively and efficiently. Afterward, this paper leverages the self-attention layer to calculate the weights of each sub-factor. It could be observed that the resource potential is the most important indicator, while “years of China’s diplomatic relations” is the most important sub-indicator. Finally, we use a conditional random field (CRF) layer and softmax layer to compute the assessment scores of each country. Based on the experimental results, this paper suggests Russia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Kazakhstan to be China’s most reliable choices for energy investment.

In 2011, the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred, and this had a strong effect on public perceptions of energy facilities and services that relate not only to nuclear energy, but also renewable energy resources. Moreover, the accident has also considerably affected national energy plans in both developing and developed countries. In South Korea, several studies have been conducted since the accident to investigate public perspectives toward particular energy technologies; however, few studies have investigated public perceptions of renewable-energy technologies and tracked the transitions. Therefore, this study examines the trend of South Korean public’s perceptions of renewable-energy technologies. Based on data collected in 2016, we validated the structural connections and determined that trust, benefits, risks, and attitude were key determinants of the public’s desire to adopt these technologies; specifically, public attitude was found to be the greatest determinant of this desire. Based on the results, both implications and limitations are examined.

Energy facilities and water are inextricably linked. Accordingly, the issue of water quality, its transformation as a result of industrial use of energy facilities and the assessment of further use for aquaculture purposes is an urgent task of our time, especially in relation to weather and climate risks for industries. The article provides a classification of water according to the water supply technology of energy facilities by temperature factor and the possibility of using it for aquaculture tasks. In total, three classes of water are distinguished according to the temperature factor: waters with natural physical and chemical characteristics, where the temperature regime of reservoirs corresponds to the geographical zone in which the reservoir is located (cultivation of fish associated with fish-breeding zone in which the reservoir is located); water of bassin-coolers of energy facilities, characterized by the presence of a zone of increased temperatures as a result of the discharge of heated water (organization of flood-proof farms with polycyclic production); water of cooling ponds (cultivating fish capable to the fight against eutrophication).

The paper presents the typical technologies of Industry 4.0. The results of a study of publications and materials on the use of digital twins, virtual reality and robotization in energy are presented. The digitalization of energy is considered on the example of the use of digital twins, virtual reality simulators and being developed robotic solutions. Presented the position of the authors on the conceptual combination of these technologies and, as a result, the renewal of classical dispatching in automated control systems of energy facilities in accordance with the ideology of the Industry 4.0.

The article investigates nature–culture interrelation over the case studies of hydroelectric plants of the 20th century. In many cases, construction of these structures has evidently resulted in irreversible changes in natural and cultural environments. However, they have also supplied energy for the industrialization of civilizations. After approximately 100 years of existence, it is crucial to determine the future of these hydroelectric facilities, which are artifacts of industrial heritage approaching the end of their productive life spans. The article proposes an analytical approach aiming to sustain the integrity of nature and culture in the conservation of hydroelectric plants, presenting these energy facilities as cultural properties of industrial heritage, and discussing the impact of hydroelectric dams on natural and cultural environments, along with the effects of nature in the deterioration of these structures in order to pave the way to an optimized and sustainable future for the heritage of energy.

Предложено использовать разработанные в ИСЭМ СО РАН математические модели объектов и систем энергетики как основу цифровых двойников, а информационные модели и базы данных — как основу цифровых теней. Используется онтологический подход к их построению, когда математические и информационные модели «собираются» на основе онтологии, отражающей структуру знаний предметной области — энергетики. Предложена архитектура цифрового двойника, определены стадии и этапы построения цифровых двойников.

In this paper, we studied the choice of the scheme and configuration of high- and medium-pressure gas distribution networks in cities. The criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the decision is the reliability of the gas distribution network. The influence on the reliability indicator of the use of sectioning valves when supplying gas to energy facilities is shown. We reviewed the most significant parameters when calculating the reliability indicator.

Data on emergency situations and accidents at power supply facilities in the Russian Federation and Sakha Republic (Yakutia) were collected and analyzed. Between 2013 and 2017 at power facilities in the Russian Federation more than 116 thousand accidents on electric networks of 110 kV and above, about 28 thousand accidents at power plants with a capacity of 25 MW and above, more than 31 thousand accidents at heat sources, steam and heat networks, and also more than 20 - on trunk pipelines and 50 - in the mines were occurred. From 2001 to 2015 at energy facilities in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) 784 accidents and emergency situations were occurred. It was revealed that most often failures occur in the power supply system. The second most frequently occurring system element is the heat supply system, emergency situations in which can be accompanied by significant damage at low temperatures. One of the main causes of accidents and disasters in extreme operating conditions remains “human factor” along with accelerated degradation of materials and destruction of structures. These can be a violation of the requirements and norms of labor protection, unsatisfactory organization of work, personal negligence of victims and unsatisfactory control by designated persons.

В работе предлагается разработка системы взаимосвязанных онтологий, предназначенных для формализованного описания и согласования терминологии разных предметных областей – энергетики и экологии, при выполнении исследований вредного воздействия объектов энергетики на окружающую среду. Работа выполняется в рамках проекта РФФИ «Методы построения онтологического пространства знаний для интеллектуальной поддержки принятия решений в энергетике и экологии с учетом качества жизни». Выполнен онтологический инжиниринг предметной области исследований. Рассматриваются методические подходы, используемые при исследовании проблемы антропогенного влияния объектов энергетики и проведении соответствующих количественных оценок. Для систематизации экологических оценок и установления зависимостей между основными показателями, описывающими влияние энергетической деятельности на элементы природной среды, предлагаются семантические методы, в частности онтологический инжиниринг предметной области. Онтологический подход систематизирует используемую базовую терминологию и позволяет наглядно представить взаимосвязи между элементами природной среды, объектами энергетики и их характеристиками, факторами воздействия, а также позволяет выстроить последовательность проведения исследований и систематизировать методическое обеспечение, применяемое для оценки влияния энергетики на природную среду.

The article describes the main results of applying ontological engineering in the development of the intelligent system for threats analysis and risk assessment of cybersecurity violations in energy facilities. The ontological knowledge space for the problem area of risk assessment has been built, comprising identification, analysis and evaluation of the risk of cybersecurity incidents that can cause extreme situations in the energy sector. The paper highlights the intellectual system architecture being developed and tasks for which the ontological engineering was carried out. The ontological knowledge space is represented as combining ontology subsystems, the development of which is carried out for each block of the intelligent system. The authors provide ontologies that reflect the basic concepts of cybersecurity, including current threats in the energy sector, risk classification and components of the emergency situation scenario in the energy sector. The produced ontologies allowed to integrate the concepts of the main research areas, including energy security, cybersecurity, scenario planning, and risk management. We used methods of system analysis, methodological foundations for building intelligent information systems in energy research, methods for supporting decision-making, methods of knowledge engineering, methods of semantic modeling, including ontological engineering. The novelty of the work is in the structuring of expert knowledge and the construction of the ontological knowledge space, which is used to develop an intelligent system for analyzing threats and assessing the risks to the cybersecurity of energy facilities.

The article devoted an adaptation of economical and mathematical models, existing in the theory of network planning and management for determination of time reserves, with the help of which both labour and material, as well as financial resources can be efficiently and rationally allocated within the set of interrelated works. The proposed approach can be used in the process of development of measures to increase the energy efficiency rate, which will involve intensification of innovation activities, more complete implementation of social and economic potential of business entities and local communities.

A review with 53 references covers the three most important areas of LNG technology (liquefaction, storage, and transportation); advantages of the 650-fold reduction in volume upon liquefaction; and the outlook for international shipments of LNG from Africa and the Middle East to Japan, Europe, and U.S.

The article studies the places of installation of gate valves and their required quantity in the gas distribution network when supplying fuel to energy facilities. The method of determining the reliability index on the basis of probabilistic-statistical model is considered. Recommendations on supply of energy facilities with natural gas are given to ensure reliable operation during the whole service life of gas pipelines.

Worker trainers not only teach health and safety in the classroom setting but also serve informally as important peer resources on the shop floor. They are often the “go to” people, for both hourly workers and managers, when there is a health or safety question—be it about tank vapors or personal protective equipment, confined space, or specific chemicals. These worker trainers actively use health and safety resource materials, both hard copy and online. Documented here, through two surveys of worker trainers—at U.S. Department of Energy facilities, trained through the International Chemical Workers Union Council Consortium of the Worker Training Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences—is documentation of this additional contribution that worker trainers make toward safer and more healthful work places.

In this paper we discuss electromagnetic compatibility problems that arise when using telecommunications equipment in a hard electromagnetic environment, such as industrial zones and in energy facilities. There is shown the specific criteria for telecommunication equipment immunity tests. Testing techniques for damped oscillatory wave immunity test discussed in detail. Simulation and calculation are carried out, on the basis of which a scheme for constructing a test simulator for the noise immunity of an oscillating wave is proposed. An overview of methods and means of protection against damped oscillatory wave interference are include. We show the possible methods and means of protection against damped oscillatory wave interference.

The article discusses the main problems of energy saving and special features of design, construction and operation of residential buildings and industrial structures in extreme climatic conditions of the Northern territories. The impact of permafrost, seasonal thawing of soils and low bearing capacity of thawed soils on the choice of ways of arrangement of cities and pipelines in the Northern regions of Russia have been analyzed. There have been assessed the effect of climate change and the associated natural and man-made risks in the Far North on the development of a system of measures to ensure the reliability of energy facilities and options for emergency response. The solutions allowing to increase energy-saving capabilities of buildings and to reduce expenditures at their operation have been designated. Necessity of using non-traditional and renewable energy sources has been considered.

The aim of research is to investigate directions of applying the “green” economy principles in the implementation of mega projects. Author specifies characteristics of mega projects currently being implemented in various regions and shows their features and directions of implementation in the fields of the development of natural resources, creation of infrastructure and energy facilities. One of the results of research is a classification of mega projects based on such criteria as the scale and amount of financing, significance and directions of development and sources of fundraising. It is established that individual interests are usually associated with a large environmental risk of changes for individual users of natural resources, and public interests make it possible to take this risk into account.

There was considered Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) used in foreign practice to assess the negative effects during the life cycle of energy facilities (power plants) on the environment. There were presented results of calculations of pollutants emissions in the environment during life cycle of traditional and renewable energy. More detailed considered the application of the life cycle analysis tool for assessing the environmental efficiency of energy facilities based on renewable energy sources, in particular wind power plants and solar photovoltaic power plants.

The use of woody biomass as a feedstock for wood-burning energy facilities and pellet mills has increased across the southern United States in recent years. Feedstock for these facilities ...

Nanotechnology is required to renew and define the classical concept of force and energy. It has the potential for applications in areas such as medicine, electronics, and energy production in biotechnology. Photosynthesis is the basis of biotechnology. Photosynthesis is an electrochemical event, but rather an event that takes place in nano-scale. Photosynthesis in nano-electrochemical cells formed by transforming of light energy into chemical energy.

•Half-length measures the distance within which half of citizen comments occur,•The FACT siting framework (Favorability, citizen Ability, opposition Corridors, and spatial Template) is defined,•The spatial template where a siting project occurs predicts the location of citizen comments,•Corridors of opposition include physical as well as information technology infrastructure

Nowadays, the problems of the impact of pollutants’ emissions from industrial facilities, which include energy facilities, are attracting more and more attention in the world. Different international and governmental organizations issue decrees and recommendations on pollutants emission reduction. This, in turn, requires technologies and tools to assess the impact of current facilities, develop recommendations for them to reduce the emissions, and perform evaluation of impact for planned facilities. This article discusses a proposed technology for impact assessment of energy facilities on region’s environment, methods that are used by this technology. Also, architecture and main components of the scientific prototype of intelligent decision-making support system to support this technology are provided and results of approbation are shown.

The article discusses the problem of predicting the long-term settlement of reactor compartments of nuclear power plant with a long history of operation and ongoing creep processes. The features of determining the time of the primary consolidation and the application of the parameters of the secondary consolidation are considered. With regard to the existing buildings of the reactor compartments of a nuclear power plant, a forecast of long-term deformations of the base was made, from the present time to 2062, which is the end of the operation period. The analysis and comparison of the obtained results with the data of geotechnical monitoring were also carried out. Analytical forecasting showed a high accuracy in determining the end time of filtration consolidation, however, a comparison of the values of the obtained creep settlements to date and the rate of their development shows significant differences, which makes it necessary to take into account the real picture of deformation for further forecasting in terms of operation time. Possible technological reasons for discrepancies in the results of calculations and geotechnical monitoring are analyzed, as well as theoretical reasons like imperfections of the analytical method used and the possible application of modern numerical methods.

The article concludes that the legal status of companies engaged in the construction of Russian power facilities abroad is determined precisely by the complex nature of legal regulation, which is carried out simultaneously by various branches and sub-branches of Russian law. Thus, the export of equipment from the Russian Federation and technologies that are used by companies during the construction of Russian power facilities abroad is regulated by the relevant regulatory legal acts of energy legislation and civil legislation, customs, economic, tax and other industries. The article provides examples from energy legislation and other branches of legislation, notes the specifics of regulating the legal status of such companies and the norms that enable them to invest in energy facilities abroad. Some directions for improving legislation in this respect are proposed.