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Racewalking fatigue is a kind of fatigue symptom after a period of racewalking, which may lead to limb weakness, mental fatigue, muscle fatigue and other phenomena. If we do not timely adjust the stretching and effective treatment after exercise, it is very easy to produce sports injury and seriously affect the athletes’ physical function. In order to effectively alleviate the fatigue of racewalking, this study focused on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounded medication, analyzed the mechanism of action and medicinal effectiveness of the TCM compound, and carried out control experiment on 80 male ICR mice. The mice in the experimental group were given sedentary training and racewalking training in groups. The results showed that the two groups of ICR mice, after racewalking training, had exercise fatigue symptoms and a large amount of serum lactic acid and other substances, while mice in group D treated by gavage of traditional Chinese medicine compounded medication had the symptoms of exercise fatigue, but the contents of blood urea nitrogen and lactic acid were decreased, the gastrocnemius muscle fibers were evenly arranged, the transverse lines were neat, and a rebound of protein expression. This shows that Chinese medicine compound can play a significant role in relieving racewalking fatigue. RESUMO A fadiga causada pela marcha atlética é um tipo de sintoma que acomete os atletas após um período de prática do exercício, que pode ocasionar fraqueza dos membros, fadiga mental, fadiga muscular e outros fenômenos. Na ausência de alongamento e tratamento eficaz após o exercício, as lesões causadas pelo esporte podem afetar seriamente a função física dos atletas. A fim de aliviar de maneira eficaz a fadiga causada pela marcha atlética, o presente estudo se concentrou nos medicamentos manipulados na medicina tradicional chinesa (MTC), analisou o mecanismo de ação e eficácia medicinal dos medicamentos da MTC, e realizou experimentos de controle em 80 camundongos do tipo ICR masculinos. Os camundongos do grupo experimental receberam treinamento sedentário e treinamento de corrida em grupo. Os resultados mostraram que os dois grupos de camundongos ICR, após treino de marcha atlética, apresentavam sintomas de fadiga, e grande quantidade de ácido láctico sérico, além de outras substâncias, enquanto os camundongos do grupo D tratados com gavagem do medicamento manipulado tiveram sintomas de fadiga, mas com redução do teor sanguíneo de ureia e ácido láctico, fibras musculares gastrocnêmias uniformemente arranjadas, linhas transversais regulares, e efeito rebote da expressão proteica. Isto mostra que os medicamentos manipulados da medicina chinesa podem desempenhar um papel significativo no alívio da fadiga causada pela marcha atlética. RESUMEN La fatiga causada por la marcha atlética es un tipo de síntoma que afecta los atletas después de un período de práctica del ejercicio, que puede ocasionar debilidad de los miembros, fatiga mental, fatiga muscular y otros fenómenos. En ausencia de elongación y tratamiento eficaz después del ejercicio, las lesiones causadas por el deporte pueden afectar seriamente la función física de los atletas. A fin de aliviar de manera eficaz la fatiga causada por la marcha atlética, el presente estudio se concentró en los medicamentos manipulados en la medicina tradicional china (MTC), analizó el mecanismo de acción y eficacia medicinal de los medicamentos da MTC, y realizó experimentos de control en 80 ratones del tipo ICR masculinos. Los ratones del grupo experimental recibieron entrenamiento sedentario y entrenamiento de carrera en grupo. Los resultados mostraron que los dos grupos de ratones ICR, después de entrenamiento de marcha atlética, presentaban síntomas de fatiga, y gran cantidad de ácido láctico sérico, además de otras sustancias, mientras que los ratones del grupo D tratados con gavaje del medicamento manipulado tuvieron síntomas de fatiga, pero con reducción del tenor sanguíneo de urea y ácido láctico, fibras musculares del gastrocnemio uniformemente arregladas, líneas transversales regulares, y efecto rebote de la expresión proteica. Esto muestra que los medicamentos manipulados de la medicina china pueden desempeñar un papel significativo en el alivio de la fatiga causada por la marcha atlética.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health problem worldwide. After 3 weeks of the onset of the disease, between 10-87% of patients persist with symptoms. The objective of the study was to evaluate the persistence of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, the associated factors, and to explore the patients' perception of the disease.We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 85 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, who attended on an outpatient basis after the acute phase (3 weeks) of the disease.The median time from diagnosis to outpatient consultation was 53 days (interquartile range 31-65). Most (86%) had mild disease, 45% were women and the mean age was 43 years (standard deviation of 13). After the acute phase of the disease 52% (95% CI 41-63%) of the patients persisted with symptoms. The most frequently persistent symptoms were fatigue (49%) and cough (33%). Nineteen percent had insomnia and sixteen percent had anxiety. Female sex, obesity, age between 35-55 years, and initial hospitalization were associated with the persistence of symptoms. Twenty percent of the patients stopped following the prevention recommendations because they believed they were immunized.More than half of the patients persisted with symptoms 3 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis, so medical follow-up is important. Female sex, obesity, age 35-55 years, and initial hospitalization were associated factors. The symptoms usually resolved over time.La enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Posterior a las 3 semanas de iniciado el cuadro entre un 10-87% de los pacientes persisten con síntomas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la persistencia de los síntomas en pacientes que presentaron la COVID-19, los factores asociados y explorar la percepción de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad.Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal que incluyó 85 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, que consultaron en forma ambulatoria posterior a la fase aguda (3 semanas) de la enfermedad.La mediana de tiempo desde el diagnóstico a la consulta ambulatoria fue de 53 días (rango inter cuartil 31-65). La mayoría (86%) presentó un cuadro leve y no requirió internación. El 45% eran mujeres y la media de edad fue de 43 años (desvío estándar de 13). El 52% (IC95% 41-63%) de los pacientes persistían con síntomas más allá de la fase aguda de la enfermedad. El síntoma que persistió con más frecuencia fue la fatiga (49%) seguida de la tos (33%). El 19% presentó insomnio y el 16% tenía ansiedad. El sexo femenino, la obesidad, la edad entre 35-55 años y la hospitalización inicial, se asociaron a la persistencia de los síntomas. Un 20% de los pacientes dejó de seguir las recomendaciones de prevención porque creía estar inmunizado.Más de la mitad de los pacientes persistían con síntomas posterior a las 3 semanas del diagnóstico de COVID-19. El sexo femenino, la obesidad, la edad 35-55 años y la hospitalización inicial fueron factores asociados. Los síntomas se fueron resolviendo con el transcurso del tiempo.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome and its effects on quality of life and activities of daily living without any known psychiatric problem (schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) or severe disability, other than depression, in patients with multiple sclerosis, which is known to be a chronic disease in young adults. Methods: The study included 103 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, following McDonald criteria, who had relapsing remitting disease. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 were applied for all patients. Results were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: Mean age was 35.04±8.72 years in the study population. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 2.21±0.93. Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome was detected in 20 patients (19.4%). The mean score of Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 was found to be significantly higher in multiple sclerosis patients with Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome when compared to those without it (34.80±9.14 versus 71.67±13.95; p

Introducción: el síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) es una polineurorradiculopatía desmielinizante aguda inmunomediada. El síntoma principal es la debilidad muscular. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las características del episodio agudo, las secuelas neurológicas a largo plazo y cómo estas afectan la situación laboral y las actividades de tiempo libre. Materiales y métodos: estudio realizado en dos fases: primera, descripción retrospectiva de casos; segunda, corte transversal donde se interrogaron las secuelas neurológicas y sus implicaciones. Resultados: se identificaron 63 casos de SGB con edad promedio de 50,79 años (DE 17.8), más frecuente en hombres (61,9%) y cuyo promedio de la escala Hughes en el episodio agudo fue 3,2 (DE ± 10,1). Las principales complicaciones durante la fase aguda fueron neumonía (7,94 %) y úlceras por presión (3,17 %). Se logró contactar vía telefónica a 28 pacientes, 82,1% presentó al menos un síntoma como secuela, 60,7% parestesias, 57,1% fatiga, 50% calambres y 46,4% dolor de características neuropáticas. El 32,1% tuvo cambios o retiro de su trabajo por las secuelas; 21,43% debió modificar sus actividades de tiempo libre. Conclusión: existe alta prevalencia de síntomas residuales discapacitantes después del episodio agudo de SGB con predominio de síntomas sensitivos, coincidiendo con estudios realizados en países desarrollados. Estas alteraciones ocasionan un impacto negativo en la actividad laboral y en la de tiempo libre de los pacientes.

Introduction: There has been little research on changes in rate of torque development (RTD) and muscle architecture. This study evaluated the effect of fatigue on RTD and muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis (VL). Methods: Seventeen volunteers (25.5 ± 6.2 years; 177.2 ± 12.9 cm; 76.4 ± 13.1 kg) underwent isokinetic knee extension assessment at 30°/s to obtain the peak torque (PT-ISK), before and after a set of intermittent maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) (15 reps – 3 s contraction, 3 s rest) used to promote muscle fatigue, monitored by the median frequency (MDF) of the electromyography from the VL, rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles. Before and after the fatigue protocol, ultrasound images of the VL were obtained to measure muscle thickness (MT), fascicle length (FL), and fascicle angle (FA). The peak isometric torque (PT-ISM) and the RTDs in 50 ms windows were calculated for each MVIC. The RTDs were reported as absolute values and normalized by the PT-ISM. Results: Fatigue was confirmed due to significant reductions in MDF in all three muscles. After the fatigue protocol, the PT-ISK was reduced from 239.0±47.91 to 177.3±34.96 Nm, and the PT-MVIC was reduced from 269.5±45.63 to 220.49±46.94 Nm. All the RTD absolute values presented significant change after the fatigue protocol. However, the normalized RTD did not demonstrate any significant differences. No significant differences were found in the muscle architecture of the VL. Conclusions: The reduction in explosive strength occurred concomitantly with the reduction in maximum strength, as evidenced by the lack of changes in normalized TDT. Level of Evidence III. RESUMEN Introducción: Los cambios en la tasa de desarrollo del torque (TDT) y la arquitectura muscular causada por la fatiga son temas poco investigados. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de la fatiga en la TDT y la arquitectura muscular del vasto lateral (VL). Métodos: 17 voluntarios (25.5 ± 6.2 años; 177.2 ± 12.9 cm; 76.4 ± 13.1 kg) se sometieron a una evaluación isocinética de la extensión de la rodilla a 30º/s para obtener el pico de torque (PT-ISK), antes y después de una serie de contracciones voluntarias máximas intermitentes (CVIM) (15 repeticiones - contracción 3 s, intervalo 3 s) utilizadas para causar fatiga muscular, monitoreadas por la frecuencia media (FMD) de la electromiografía VL, recto femoral y vasta medial. Antes y después del protocolo de fatiga, se obtuvieron imágenes de ultrasonido VL para medir el grosor muscular, la longitud del fascículo y el ángulo del fascículo. Se calculó el par isométrico máximo (PT-ISM) y las TDT en ventanas de 50 ms para cada CVIM. Las DTT se calcularon en valores absolutos y se normalizaron mediante PT-ISM. Resultados: la fatiga se confirmó por reducciones significativas en la fiebre aftosa de los tres músculos. Después de la fatiga, el PT-ISK se redujo de 239.0 ± 47.91 a 177.3 ± 34.96 Nm, y el PT-CVIM de 269.5 ± 45.63 a 220.49 ± 46.94 Nm. Todos los valores absolutos de TDT fueron significativamente diferentes después del protocolo de fatiga. Sin embargo, las TDT normalizadas no mostraron diferencias significativas. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la arquitectura muscular de la LV. Conclusiones: La reducción en la capacidad explosiva ocurrió simultáneamente con la reducción en la fuerza máxima, evidenciada por la falta de cambios en la TDT normalizada. Nível de evidencia III. RESUMO Introdução: Alterações na taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (TDT) e arquitetura muscular causadas pela fadiga são temas pouco investigados. Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito da fadiga na TDT e arquitetura muscular do vasto lateral (VL). Métodos: Dezessete voluntários (25,5 ± 6,2 anos; 177,2 ± 12,9 cm; 76,4 ± 13,1 kg) realizaram avaliação isocinética de extensão do joelho em 30º/s para obtenção do pico de torque (PT-ISK) antes e após uma série de contrações voluntárias isométricas máximas (CVIM) intermitentes (15 reps - 3 s contração, 3 s intervalo) utilizadas para causar fadiga muscular, monitoradas pela frequência mediana (FMD) da eletromiografia do VL, reto femoral e vasto medial. Antes e após o protocolo de fadiga, imagens de ultrassonografia do VL foram obtidas para mensuração da espessura muscular, comprimento de fascículo e ângulo do fascículo. O pico de torque isométrico (PT-ISM) e TDTs em janelas de 50 ms foram calculados para cada CVIM. As TDTs foram calculadas em valores absolutos e normalizadas pelo PT-ISM. Resultados: A fadiga foi confirmada devido a reduções significativas da FMD dos três músculos. Após a fadiga, o PT-ISK foi reduzido de 239,0 ± 47,91 para 177,3 ± 34,96 Nm, e o PT-CVIM de 269,5 ± 45,63 para 220,49 ± 46,94 Nm. Todos os valores de TDT absolutos apresentaram-se significativamente diferentes após o protocolo de fadiga. Contudo, as TDTs normalizadas não demonstraram diferença significativa. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na arquitetura muscular do VL. Conclusões: A redução da capacidade explosiva ocorreu de maneira concomitante com a redução da força máxima evidenciada pela falta de alterações na TDT normalizada. Nível de Evidência III.

A casi un siglo de la aparición de "La Fatiga y sus proyecciones sociales" de Alfredo L. Palacios (1ª edición de mayo de 1922 publicada por la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires), esta obra merece ser recordada y analizada nuevamente., Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Introduction High-intensity rehabilitation training will produce exercise fatigue. Objective A backpropagation (BP) network neural algorithm is proposed to predict sports fatigue based on electromyography (EMG) signal images. Methods The principal component analysis algorithm is used to reduce the dimension of EMG signal features. The knee joint angle is estimated by the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm and the BP neural network algorithm. Results The RMSE value of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm is lower than that of the BP neural network algorithm. At the same time, the ρ value of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm is closer to 1, indicating its higher accuracy. Conclusions The model training time of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm has been greatly reduced, which improves efficiency. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results. RESUMO Introdução O treinamento de reabilitação de alta intensidade produzirá fadiga ao exercício. Objetivo Um algoritmo neural de backpropagation network (BP) é proposto para prever a fadiga esportiva com base em imagens de sinais de eletromiografia (EMG). Métodos O algoritmo de análise de componente principal é usado para reduzir a dimensão das características do sinal EMG. O ângulo da articulação do joelho é estimado usando o algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina de limite regularizado acima e o algoritmo de rede neural BP. Resultados o valor RMSE do algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina acima do limite regularizado é menor que o do algoritmo de rede neural BP. Ao mesmo tempo, o valor de ρ do algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina acima do limite regularizado está próximo de 1, indicando sua maior precisão. Conclusões O tempo de treinamento do modelo de algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina acima do limite regularizado foi bastante reduzido, o que melhora a eficiência. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento. RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento de rehabilitación de alta intensidad producirá fatiga por ejercicio. Objetivo Se propone un algoritmo neuronal de red de retropropagación (BP) para predecir la fatiga deportiva basándose en imágenes de señales de electromiografía (EMG). Métodos El algoritmo de análisis de componentes principales se utiliza para reducir la dimensión de las características de la señal EMG. El ángulo de la articulación de la rodilla se estima mediante el algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado y el algoritmo de red neuronal BP. Resultados el valor de RMSE del algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado es menor que el del algoritmo de red neuronal de BP. Al mismo tiempo, el valor ρ del algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado está más cerca de 1, lo que indica su mayor precisión. Conclusiones El tiempo de entrenamiento del modelo del algoritmo de la máquina de aprendizaje por encima del límite regularizado se ha reducido en gran medida, lo que mejora la eficiencia. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Introduction Prostate cancer is the most prevalent neoplastic disease in men. After diagnosis, different treatment regimens are proposed based on the stage of the cancer. These treatments affect physical and muscle function, quality of life, and prognosis differently. Objectives To assess fatigue, muscle strength, muscle thickness, and muscle quality in prostate cancer survivors undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods Ten ADT patients, eight non-ADT patients and 18 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. Perceived fatigue was assessed through the 20-item Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Muscle thickness and quality (e.g., echo intensity) were assessed through B-mode ultrasound. Muscle strength and work capacity were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The groups were compared with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni adjustment. Results Muscle thickness, peak torque, and work capacity were lower in ADT than in the control group (CON) (p = 0.021; p = 0.005; p 0.05). General fatigue was greater in both ADT (p = 0.030) and N-ADT (p = 0.047) compared to CON. Physical fatigue was greater in ADT than CON (p = 0.006). Conclusion ADT patients showed lower levels of muscle function and greater levels of perceived fatigue than healthy control subjects. It appears that muscle function remains lower in ADT patients, even several years after treatment initiation, although this does not apply to non-ADT patients. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test. RESUMO Introdução O câncer de próstata é a doença neoplásica mais frequente nos homens. Após seu diagnóstico, diferentes métodos de tratamento são propostos baseados no estágio do câncer. Esses tratamentos afetam diferentemente a função física e muscular, qualidade de vida e o prognóstico. Objetivos Avaliar a fadiga, força muscular, espessura muscular e a qualidade muscular dos sobreviventes ao câncer de próstata que foram submetidos a terapia de privação androgênica (ADT). Métodos Dez pacientes ADT, oito não ADT (N-ADT) e 18 indivíduos saudáveis no grupo controle (CON) foram inscritos neste estudo. A fadiga percebida foi avaliada através do Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory composto por 20 itens. A espessura e qualidade musculares (eco-intensidade) foram avaliadas através de um aparelho de ultrassom B-mode. A força muscular e a capacidade de trabalho foram avaliadas utilizando um dinamômetro isocinético. Os grupos foram comparados através de ANOVA de um fator e ajuste de Bonferroni. Resultados O grupo ADT apresentou menor espessura muscular, pico de torque e capacidade de trabalho do que o grupo controle (p = 0,021; p = 0,005; p < 0,001, respectivamente). O grupo ADT demonstrou maior eco-intensidade que o grupo controle (p = 0,005) e N-ADT (p = 0,046). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre o grupo N-ADT e CON quanto à espessura muscular, pico de torque, capacidade de trabalho e eco-intensidade (p > 0,05). A fadiga geral foi maior tanto no grupo ADT (p = 0,030) quanto no grupo N-ADT (p = 0,047) quando comparada ao grupo CON. A fadiga física foi maior no grupo ADT do que no grupo CON (p = 0,006). Conclusão Os pacientes submetidos à terapia de privação androgênica demonstraram menores níveis de função muscular e maiores níveis de fadiga percebida do que os indivíduos saudáveis do grupo controle. Parece que a função muscular permanece menor em pacientes submetidos à ADT vários anos após o início do tratamento, o que não ocorre com os pacientes N-ADT. Nível de evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico. RESUMEN Introducción El cáncer de próstata es la enfermedad neoplásica más frecuente en los hombres. Después de su diagnóstico, diferentes métodos de tratamiento son propuestos basados en la etapa del cáncer. Estos tratamientos afectan de forma diferente la función física y muscular, la calidad de vida y el pronóstico. Objetivos Evaluar la fatiga, fuerza muscular, espesor muscular, y la calidad muscular de sobrevivientes al cáncer de próstata que fueron sometidos a la terapia de privación de andrógenos (ADT). Métodos Diez pacientes ADT, ocho no ADT (N-ADT) y 18 individuos sanos en el grupo control (CON) fueron inscriptos en este estudio. La fatiga percibida fue evaluada a través del Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory compuesto por 20 ítems. El espesor y calidad muscular (eco intensidad) fueron evaluadas a través de un aparato de ultrasonido B-mode. La fuerza muscular y la capacidad de trabajo fueron evaluadas en un dinamómetro isocinético. Los grupos fueron comparados a través de ANOVA de un factor y ajuste de Bonferroni. Resultados El grupo ADT demostró menor espesor muscular, pico de torque y capacidad de trabajo que el grupo control (p = 0,021; p = 0,005; p 0,05). La fatiga general fue mayor tanto en el grupo ADT (p = 0,030) como en el grupo N-ADT (p = 0,047), cuando comparada al grupo CON. La fatiga física fue mayor en el grupo ADT que en el grupo CON (p = 0,006). Conclusión Los pacientes sometidos a la terapia de privación de andrógenos demostraron menores niveles de función muscular y mayores niveles de fatiga percibida que los individuos saludables del grupo control. Parece que la función muscular permanece menor en pacientes sometidos a ADT varios años después del inicio del tratamiento, lo que no ocurre con los pacientes N-ADT. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios de diagnóstico - Investigación de un examen de diagnóstico.

The aim of this research was to verify whether the application of percussion therapy during inter-set rest periods increases the number of repetitions performed before reaching a 30% velocity loss threshold during a bench press exercise. Methods: Twenty-four male university students participated in this study (24.3 ± 1.3 years, 77.5 ± 8.3 kg, 177.0 ± 5.6 cm, 24.7 ± 2.6 kg∙m−2). Participants were randomized into two groups: a percussion therapy group (PTG) and a control group (CG). They performed 4 sets at 70% of a one-repetition maximum before reaching a 30% velocity loss threshold with an inter-set recovery of 3 min. Results: The PTG performed a greater total number of repetitions compared to the CG (44.6 ± 4.8 vs. 39.5 ± 6.8, p = 0.047, ES = 0.867). No differences were observed for the different movement velocity variables and fatigue control (p &gt, 0.05). Conclusions: Percussion therapy is an effective method to delay the loss of movement velocity in the bench press exercise.

Background: The aim of the present research was to study the psychological and physiological features associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance in trained swimmers. Methods: A correlation and stepwise regression analyses were conducted with the data obtained in a RESTQ-76 sport questionnaire, a heart rate variability test, and an anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance efforts of 20 swimmers. Results: Aerobic performance correlated, principally, with parameters related to parasympathetic modulation measured in the frequency and time domains of the heart rate variability (LF/HF r: −0.806, p &lt, 0.001, NN50 r: 0.937, p &lt, 0.001). Swimmers’ anaerobic performance correlated to psychological features (low stress r: 0.526, p: 0.025, and high fatigue r: −0.506, p: 0.032). Conclusion: Swimming performance presented different psychological and physiological features depending on the probe characteristic. Specifically, swimmers’ anaerobic performance was associated with psychological features (low stress and high fatigue perception) and aerobic performance with physiological features (high parasympathetic modulation). This information could help coaches to know the variables to control in their swimmers, depending on the probe in which they compete (anaerobic or aerobic).

Producción Científica, Therapeutic exercise (TE) is one of the most investigated approaches for the management of FMS. Pain neurophysiology education (PNE) helps toward understanding the pain condition, leading to maladaptive pain cognitions and coping strategies in patients with chronic pain. Our study aimed to assess the effects of therapeutic exercise and pain neurophysiology education versus TE in isolation on fatigue, sleep disturbances, and physical function in the short term and at three months of follow-up in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). A single-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out. A total of 32 women with FMS referred from medical doctors and fibromyalgia association were randomized in 2 groups: PNE + TE group or TE group. Fatigue and sleep disturbances (Visual Analog Score) and physical function (Senior Fitness Test) were assessed before, after intervention, and at three months of follow-up. Significant improvements were achieved in the Timed Up and Go test (p = 0.042) and Arm Curl test (p = 0.043) after intervention and on handgrip in the non-dominant side at three months of follow-up (p = 0.036) on the PNE + TE group. No between-groups differences were found for fatigue, sleep disturbances, and the rest of test included in the Senior Fitness Test. In conclusion, these results suggest that PNE + TE appears to be more effective than TE in isolation for the improvement of physical function (Timed Up and Go test and Arm Curl test) in women with FMS in the short term.

RESUMEN El cáncer de mama es el más frecuente a nivel mundial y la principal causa de discapacidad y muerte en mujeres jóvenes en América Latina. Uno de los síntomas más comunes en esta población es la fatiga, reportada entre el 70 y 100% de mujeres sobrevivientes. Objetivo Describir la relación entre tolerancia al ejercicio y la fatiga, en mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama no metastásico. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal en 40 mujeres entre 18 y 65 años, a partir de una base de datos de una institución de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Se identificó la relación entre fatiga y tolerancia al ejercicio con el cuestionario " The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy FACT-F" y el test de caminata de los 6 minutos (TC6M). Resultados El 37,5% de las participantes presentaron fatiga relacionada con cáncer de mama; 33% de las mujeres, disnea al final del TC6M; 37,5%, fatiga en miembros inferiores (Borg modificada), y el 42,5% no alcanzó el 80% de la distancia predicha del TC6M. Conclusión Se encontró una correlación positiva (p 0,000) entre fatiga y tolerancia al ejercicio en mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama no metastásico. ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and the leading cause of disability and death in young women in Latin America. One of the most common symptoms in this population is fatigue, reported by 70 to 100% of survivors. Objective To describe the relationship between exercise tolerance and fatigue in women survivors of non-metastatic breast cancer. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study in 40 women between 18 and 65 years of age, from a database pertaining to a highly complex healthcare institution in the city of Cali, Colombia. The relationship between fatigue and exercise tolerance was identified using the "Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy FACT-F" questionnaire and the 6-minute walk test (TC6M). Results 37.5% of the participants presented fatigue related to breast cancer; 33% of women presented dyspnea at the end of the TC6M, 37.5% reported having lower limb fatigue (modified Borg) and 42.5% did not reach 80% of the predicted distance in the TC6M. Conclusion A positive correlation (p 0.000) was found between fatigue and exercise tolerance in women survivors of non-metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Current carbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for ultra-trail activities lasting more than 2.5 h is 90 g/h. However, the benefits of ingesting 120 g/h during a mountain marathon in terms of post-exercise muscle damage have been recently demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of 120 g/h CHO intake with the recommendations (90 g/h) and the usual intake for ultra-endurance athletes (60 g/h) during a mountain marathon on internal exercise load, and post-exercise neuromuscular function and recovery of high intensity run capacity. Methods: Twenty-six elite trail-runners were randomly distributed into three groups: LOW (60 g/h), MED (90 g/h) and HIGH (120 g/h), according to CHO intake during a 4000-m cumulative slope mountain marathon. Runners were measured using the Abalakov Jump test, a maximum a half-squat test and an aerobic power-capacity test at baseline (T1) and 24 h after completing the race (T2). Results: Changes in Abalakov jump time (ABKJT), Abalakov jump height (ABKH), half-squat test 1 repetition maximum (HST1RM) between T1 and T2 showed significant differences by Wilcoxon signed rank test only in LOW and MED (p &lt, 0.05), but not in the HIGH group (p &gt, 0.05). Internal load was significantly lower in the HIGH group (p = 0.017) regarding LOW and MED by Mann Whitney u test. A significantly lower change during the study in ABKJT (p = 0.038), ABKH (p = 0.038) HST1RM (p = 0.041) and in terms of fatigue (p = 0.018) and lactate (p = 0.012) within the aerobic power-capacity test was presented in HIGH relative to LOW and MED. Conclusions: 120 g/h CHO intake during a mountain marathon might limit neuromuscular fatigue and improve recovery of high intensity run capacity 24 h after a physiologically challenging event when compared to 90 g/h and 60 g/h.

The fatigue of the respiratory muscles causes the so-called metabolic reflex or metaboreflex, resulting in vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the peripheral muscles, which leads to a decrease in respiratory performance. Training the respiratory muscles is a possible solution to avoid this type of impairment in intermittent sports. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the results obtained with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in intermittent sports modalities, intending to determine whether its implementation would be adequate and useful in intermittent sports. A search in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Elements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale. In conclusion, the introduction of specific devices of IMT seems to be a suitable method to improve performance in intermittent sports, mainly due to a reduction of the metaboreflex, fatigue sensation, and dyspnea. The ideal protocol would consist of a combination of acute and chronic treatment, and, even if IMT is done daily, the duration will not exceed one hour per week Sin financiación 3.390 JCR (2020) Q1, 41/176 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 0.747 SJR (2020) Q2, 50/137 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis No data IDR 2019 UEM

Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.

Fil: Bellone, Giannina J. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina Fil: Bellone, Giannina J. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina Fil: Bellone, Giannina J. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Bellone, Giannina J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Mul Fedele, Malena L. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Mul Fedele, Malena L. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina Fil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Golombek, Diego A. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina Fil: Golombek, Diego A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Carolina Abulafia. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina Fil: Carolina Abulafia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Carolina Abulafia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Karolinska Institutet. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences; Suecia Abstract: Sleep-related health disorders and fatigue represent a major public health issue worldwide. It is estimated that 13% of work-related injuries are attributed to sleep problems. Consequences of sleep deprivation and fatigue not only impact the person, but also can have social impact. Numerous objective tests have been designed to assess whether a person is properly rested to safely carry out his/her job. These techniques are focused mainly on the measurement of response time, alertness and sustained attention proxy for sleep deprivation and fatigue, and they should be properly validated. Over the last 35 years, the Psychomotor Vigilance Test has been the gold standard widely used because it can be performed in different environments and due it operational characteristics. However, validity procedures do not report detailed information about specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive predictive value. These data are essential to determine if the test is optimal for it implementation. The purpose of this review is to go over the evolution of the techniques applied to identify sleep deprivation, starting from the basic and analog reaction test to the most current portable and digital techniques.

En la atención del equipo de profesionales de la salud en una parada cardiorrespiratoria extrahospitalaria (PCREH), se pueden encontrar en condiciones extremas de temperatura ambiental, según la zona donde se encuentren, la época del año, e incluso la franja horaria. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar si la eficacia de la Reanimación Cardiopulmonar (RCP) se veía afectada en ambientes de temperatura calor (40ºC) y frío (0ºC) extremos, en comparación con una RCP en temperatura ambiental (22ºC). Método: Se realizaron 2 minutos de compresiones torácicas (CT) ininterrumpidas en las condiciones de temperatura de 40ºC, 0ºC y 22ºC, en un maniquí realista Resusci Anne QCPR con SIMPAD. Resultados: 30 participantes, tanto con formación previa en RCP (86,7%) o sin ella (13,3%), formaron parte de la muestra, 26 mujeres (86,7%) y 4 hombres (13,3%), con una media de edad de 27,37±8,88 años. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la eficacia de la RCP; pero sí que hubo diferencias entre el número total de CT (p=0,042), la profundidad media de las CT (p=0,015) y en la frecuencia media (p=0,034). La escala de Borg de esfuerzo percibido (RPE) mostró una media de 4,4±1,303 a 22ºC, 4,97±1,402 a 40ºC y 4,87±2,08 a 0ºC (p>0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en el lactato capilar. Conclusiones: Se concluye que no existen diferencias significativas entre las tres condiciones, aunque parece que la temperatura ambiental y la fría se asemejan en los resultados y la temperatura calor ofrece una ligera desventaja al respecto. Under the care of a team of health professionals in an out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest (PCREH), they can be found in conditions in extreme conditions of ambient temperature, depending on the area where they are located, the time of the year, and even the time of day. Objective: The objective of this study was to verify whether the efficacy of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) was affected by extreme heat (40ºC) and cold (0ºC) temperature environments, compared to a CPR in ambient temperature (22ºC). Method: 2 minutes of uninterrupted external chest compressions (ECC) were performed under ambient temperature conditions of 40ºC, 0ºC and 22ºC, in a realistic mannequin Resusci Anne QCPR with SIMPAD. Results: 30 participants, both people with prior training in CPR (86.7%) and without it (13.3%), were part of the sample, 26 women (86.7%) and 4 men (13.3%), with a mean age of 27.37 ± 8.88 years. No statistically significant differences were found in the efficacy of CPR; but there were differences between the total number of CT (p = 0.042), the average depth of the ECC (p = 0.015) and the average frequency (p = 0.034). The Borg scale of perceived exertion (RPE) showed an average of 4.4 ± 1.303 at 22° C, 4.97 ± 1.402 at 40° C and 4.87 ± 2.08 at 0° C (p> 0.05). There were no significant differences in hair lactate. Conclusions: It is concluded that there are no significant differences between the three conditions, although it seems that the cold and room temperatures resemble results and that the heat temperature offers a slight disadvantage of the others.

BackgroundFatigue is a frequent disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the underlying neural basis of fatigue in patients with MS.MethodsWe enrolled 60 consecutive patients with MS and 60 healthy controls (HC) matched on age, sex, and education. Fatigue was assessed using the Portuguese version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). All participants underwent 3T brain MRI (conventional and diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] sequences). White matter (WM) focal lesions were identified and T1/T2 lesion volumes were computed. Tract-based spatial statistics were applied for voxel-wise analysis of DTI metrics fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) on normal-appearing WM (NAWM). Using Freesurfer software, total and regional volumes of cortical and subcortical gray matter (GM) were calculated.ResultsCompared to HC, patients with MS scored significantly higher on MFIS (33.8 ± 19.7 vs 16.5 ± 15.1, p < 0.001). MFIS scores were not significantly correlated with T1/T2 lesion volumes, total GM volume, or any regional volume of cortical and subcortical GM. Significant correlations were found between global scores of MFIS and MD increase of the NAWM skeleton, including corona radiata, internal capsule, external capsule, corticospinal tract, cingulum, corpus callosum, fornix, superior longitudinal fasciculus, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, sagittal stratum, posterior thalamic radiation, cerebral peduncle, and uncinate fasciculus.ConclusionsIn this study, fatigue was associated with widespread NAWM damage but not with lesion load or GM atrophy. Functional disconnection, caused by diffuse microstructural WM damage, might be the main neural basis of fatigue in MS.

Introduction: This study involved an analysis of the impact of mental fatigue on heart rate recovery (HRR), subjective measures of fatigue and intermittent running performance in handball players. Objective: This study was aimed at (1) examining the effects of an induced state of mental fatigue on the aerobic performance of handball players, as measured by the Yo-Yo IR1 test, and (2) exploring possible changes in heart rate regulation through HRR analysis. Methods: Twelve handball players (age: 17.50 ± 3.63 years; 5 ± 2.2 years of practice) undertook a Yo-Yo IR1 test on two occasions, separated by an interval of at least 72 hours. The Yo-Yo IR1 test was preceded by a 30-min treatment, consisting of the Stroop Color-Word Test, to induce mental fatigue. Participants in the control condition watched an emotionally neutral video. Results: Higher ratings of mental fatigue and mental effort following the Stroop Test were observed for the experimental group. No differences in motivation were observed between conditions. Moreover, the induction of mental fatigue impaired running performance and led to a higher RPE during the Yo-Yo IR1 test. Notwithstanding, no changes in HRR or blood lactate levels were observed across conditions. Conclusion: Altogether, these results suggest that mental fatigue impairs intermittent running performance, without affecting HRR values. Level of Evidence III; Case-Control study. RESUMO Introdução: Este estudo envolveu uma análise do impacto da fadiga mental sobre a recuperação da frequência cardíaca (RFC), medidas subjetivas de fadiga e desempenho de corrida intermitente em jogadores de handebol. Objetivo: Este estudo visou (1) examinar os efeitos de um estado induzido de fadiga mental no desempenho aeróbico de jogadores de handebol, medido pelo teste Yo-Yo IR1 e (2) explorar possíveis alterações na regulação da frequência cardíaca através da análise da RFC. Métodos: Doze jogadores de handebol (idade: 17,50 ± 3,63 anos, 5 ± 2,2 anos de prática) realizaram um teste Yo-Yo IR1 em duas ocasiões, com pelo menos 72 horas de intervalo. O teste Yo-Yo IR1 foi precedido por tratamento de 30 minutos que consistiu no teste Stroop Color-Word para induzir estado de fadiga mental. Os participantes na condição de controle assistiram a um vídeo emocionalmente neutro. Resultados: Foram observadas taxas mais elevadas de fadiga mental e esforço mental após o teste Stroop para o grupo experimental. Não foram observadas diferenças na motivação entre as condições. Além disso, a indução de fadiga mental prejudicou o desempenho de corrida e levou a maior PSE durante o teste Yo-Yo IR1. Não obstante, não foram observadas alterações na RFC nem nas concentrações de lactato sanguíneo entre as condições. Conclusão: Em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que a fadiga mental afeta o desempenho de corrida intermitente, sem alterar os valores de RFC. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo de caso-controle. RESUMEN Introducción: En el presente estudio se analizó el impacto de la fatiga mental en la recuperación de la frecuencia cardíaca (RFC), las medidas subjetivas de fatiga y el rendimiento intermitente en atletas de handball. Objetivo: los objetivos de este estudio fueron (1) examinar los efectos de un estado inducido de fatiga mental en el rendimiento aeróbico de atletas de handball, medida por el Yo-Yo IR1, y (2) explorar las posibles alteraciones en la regulación de la frecuencia cardíaca a través del análisis RFC. Métodos: Doce atletas (edad: 17,50 ± 3,63 años, 5 ± 2,2 años de práctica) realizaron un test Yo-Yo IR1 en dos ocasiones, separados por un intervalo de al menos 72 horas. El test Yo-Yo IR1 fue precedido por un tratamiento de 30 minutos, consistente en el Stroop Color-Word Test, para inducir un estado de fatiga mental. Los participantes en la condición de control asistieron un video emocionalmente neutro. Resultados: Se observaron altas percepciones de fatiga y esfuerzo mental después del test de Stroop para el grupo experimental. No se observaron diferencias de motivación entre las condiciones. Además, la inducción de fatiga mental perjudicó el desempeño de carrera y llevó a un mayor PSE durante el test Yo-Yo IR1. No obstante, no se observaron alteraciones en la RFC y en las concentraciones de lactato sanguíneo entre las condiciones. Conclusión: En conjunto, estos resultados sugieren que la fatiga mental afecta el rendimiento intermitente de la carrera, sin alterar los valores de FCR. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio de caso-control.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar as estimativas de confiabilidade e viabilidade de uso da versão traduzida e adaptada para uso no Brasil do Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory – 20 em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana crônica. Método: Estudo metodológico. O instrumento foi respondido pelos participantes sem auxílio das pesquisadoras. O tempo de preenchimento foi cronometrado, e as facilidades e dificuldades foram documentadas. A viabilidade de uso foi analisada por meio da aceitabilidade, praticabilidade, efeitos teto e chão. A confiabilidade foi estimada por meio da consistência interna. Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 201 participantes. O escore médio de fadiga foi 51,9 + 14,0. Houve pequena taxa de itens não respondidos (0,65%), embora 30,3% dos participantes solicitaram algum esclarecimento após a leitura das instruções; 37,3% relataram que tiveram dúvida ao responder aos itens, em especial, o 19. O tempo de resposta foi de 4,8 + 1,9 minutos. Não houve efeitos teto e chão. A estimativa de confiabilidade foi adequada. Conclusão: O instrumento necessita de ajustes na redação das instruções e de alguns itens, embora apresente boas estimativas de aceitabilidade e de confiabilidade. RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar las estimaciones de confiabilidad y factibilidad de empleo de la versión traducida y adaptada para uso en Brasil del Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory - 20 en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria crónica. Método: Estudio metodológico. El instrumento fue respondido por los participantes sin auxilio de las investigadoras. El tiempo de relleno fue cronometrado, y las facilidades y dificultades fueron documentadas. La factibilidad de empleo fue analizada mediante la aceptabilidad, practicabilidad, efectos techo y suelo. La confidencialidad fue estimada mediante la consistencia interna. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta de 201 participantes. El score medio de fatiga fue de 51,9 + 14,0. Hubo pequeña tasa de ítems no respondidos (0,65%), aunque el 30,3% de los participantes solicitaron alguna aclaración tras la lectura de las instrucciones; el 37,3% relataron que tuvieron duda al responder a los ítems, en especial, el 19. El tiempo de respuesta fue de 4,8 + 1,9 minutos. No hubo efectos techo y suelo. La estimación de confiabilidad fue adecuada. Conclusión: El instrumento necesita ajustes en la redacción de las instrucciones y de algunos ítems, aunque presente buenas estimaciones de aceptabilidad y de confiabilidad. ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the reliability and viability estimates of using the translated and adapted version of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 for use in Brazil in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Method: A methodological study. The instrument was answered by the participants without the help of the researchers. Filling time was recorded, and facilities and difficulties were documented. The viability of use was analyzed through acceptability, practicality, ceiling and floor effects. Reliability was estimated by internal consistency. Results: The sample consisted of 201 participants. The mean fatigue score was 51.9 + 14.0. There was a small rate of unanswered items (0.65%), although 30.3% of participants requested some clarification after reading the instructions; 37.3% reported that they had doubts when answering the items, especially number 19. The response time was 4.8 + 1.9 minutes. There were no ceiling or floor effects. The reliability estimate was adequate. Conclusion: The instrument needs adjustments to the wording of the instructions and some items, although it has good acceptability and reliability estimates.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis for “fatigue in women with breast cancer under radiotherapy”. Method: Study of diagnostic accuracy, with cross-sectional design, performed in 130 women with breast cancer under radiation treatment. A data collection instrument was used to evaluate clinical socio-demographics and to investigate the presence or absence of defining characteristics for fatigue. The latent class analysis model was applied to assess accuracy measurements of the characteristics identified. Results: Fatigue diagnosis was present in 21.9% of the women. The characteristic which showed the highest sensitivity was “Impaired capacity in maintaining the usual level of physical activity”, while “Impaired capacity in maintaining usual routines” and “Lack of interest about the surrounding environment” presented greater specificity. Conclusion: Accurate diagnostics allow devising an action plan directed to the patients' real needs. RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la precisión de las características definidoras del diagnóstico de enfermería “fatiga en mujeres con cáncer de mama en radioterapia”. Método: Estudio de precisión diagnóstica con delineamiento transversal realizado en 130 mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento radioterápico. Se ha utilizado un instrumento de recogida de datos para la evaluación sociodemográfica clínica y para la investigación de la presencia o de la ausencia de las características definidoras de la fatiga. Se ha aplicado el modelo de análisis de clase latente para la evaluación de las medidas de precisión de las características identificadas. Resultados: El diagnóstico de fatiga ha estado presente en el 21,9% de las mujeres. La característica que ha presentado la mayor sensibilidad ha sido “la capacidad perjudicada para mantener el nivel habitual de actividad física”, mientras “la capacidad perjudicada para mantener las rutinas habituales” y “el desinterés cuanto al ambiente que lo rodea” presentaron especificidad más grande. Conclusión: Diagnósticos precisos permiten la construcción de un plan de acciones direccionado para las reales necesidades de los pacientes. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia das características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem “fadiga em mulheres com câncer de mama em radioterapia”. Método: Estudo de acurácia diagnóstica com delineamento transversal realizado em 130 mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento radioterápico. Utilizou-se um instrumento de coleta de dados para avaliação sociodemográfica clínica e para investigação da presença ou ausência das características definidoras da fadiga. Aplicou-se o modelo de análise de classe latente para avaliação das medidas de acurácia das características identificadas. Resultados: O diagnóstico de fadiga esteve presente em 21,9% das mulheres. A característica que apresentou maior sensibilidade foi “capacidade prejudicada para manter o nível habitual de atividade física”, enquanto “capacidade prejudicada para manter as rotinas habituais” e “desinteresse quanto ao ambiente que o cerca” apresentaram maior especificidade. Conclusão: Diagnósticos acurados permitem a construção de um plano de ações direcionado para as reais necessidades dos pacientes.

La cafeína es una de las sustancias ergogénicas más consumidas en el deporte, debido a sus propiedades estimulantes sobre el sistema nervioso central mejorando el rendimiento deportivo y disminuyendo la fatiga muscular. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto agudo de la cafeína sobre el tiempo de reacción y actividad muscular del músculo cuádriceps en una patada circular Dollyo Chagi en taekwondistas. Métodos: 13 taekwondistas ingirieron 5 mg·kg-1 de cafeína o placebo. El tiempo de reacción y la actividad muscular se midieron 60 min previo a la ingesta de cafeína o placebo, 60 min después de la ingesta y posterior a un estímulo fatigante. Se utilizó electromiografía (EMG) de superficie para medir la amplitud de la señal EMG y el tiempo de reacción en el musculo recto femoral, vasto lateral, vasto medial y bíceps femoral durante la ejecución de una patada circular asociada a un estímulo sonoro. Resultados: La ingesta de cafeína redujo un 29% el tiempo de reacción en el musculo recto femoral 60 min después de la ingesta (P0,05). No se encontró disminución del tiempo de reacción en otros músculos evaluados. No se observaron cambios en la amplitud EMG en ninguna de las condiciones. Conclusión: La suplementación con cafeína mejoraría el tiempo de reacción de una patada circular Dollyo Chagi antes y después de un estímulo fatigante en taekwondistas. Abstract Caffeine is considered an enhancing aid and most consumed in sports, mainly due to its stimulant properties on the central nervous system, improving athletic performance and decreasing muscle fatigue. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of caffeine on the reaction time and muscle activity of a Dollyo Chagi kick in taekwondo fighters. Methods: Thirteen taekwondo fighters ingested either 5 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo. Reaction time and muscle activity were measured 60 min before the intake of caffeine or placebo, 60 min after ingestion and after a fatigue stimuli. Surface electromyogram (sEMG) amplitude, and time of reaction of the muscles rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and biceps femoris during a circular kick related to a sound stimulus were measured. Results: Caffeine ingestion decreased the reaction time of the rectus femoris muscle 60-minutes after ingestion of caffeine and after strenuous stimulation (P

Fil: Diez, Joaquín J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Diez, Joaquín J. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Laboratorio de Cronofisiología; Argentina Fil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Laboratorio de Cronofisiología; Argentina Fil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina Fil: Caldar, Carlos. Universidad de Washington. Departamento de Biología; Estados Unidos Fil: Bellone, Giannina J. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina Fil: Bellone, Giannina J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Simonelli, Guido. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Behavioral Biology Branch; Estados Unidos Fil: Brangold, Mauro. Hospital del Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce; Argentina Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Laboratorio de Cronofisiología; Argentina Fil: Golombek, Diego A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Golombek, Diego A. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina Fil: Pérez Chada, Daniel. Universidad Austral. Clínica Pulmonar y del Sueño; Argentina Fil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina Fil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences; Bélgica Abstract: Objectives: The objective of the studywas to describeworking and sleep conditions and to assess howsleep opportunities are associated with obtained sleep and alertness, in a sample of long-haul bus drivers working with a two-up operations system. Methods: Measures of subjective sleep and sleepiness, actigraphy, circadian temperature rhythm, and psychomotor vigilance tasks were obtained from a sample of 122 drivers fromArgentina. Variables were compared between high and low fatigue risk groups, which were formed using a median split of a fatigue risk score. The score was calculated based on drivers' total working hours, maximum shift duration, minimum short break duration, maximum night work per seven days, and long break frequencies. Results: Considering a standardized one-day period, sleep in the bus accounted for 1.9±0.1 h of total sleep (57±1% efficiency), sleep at destination for 1.6±0.2 h of total sleep (90±1% efficiency), and sleep at home for 3.8±0.2 h of total sleep (89±1% nap efficiency and 90±1% anchor sleep efficiency). In drivers exposed to high-risk working schedules, the circadian temperature rhythm was weaker (lower % of variance explained by the model) (22.0±1.7% vs. 27.6±2.0%, p

Intensive exercise can lead to oxidative stress, which can be particularly deleterious for lymphoid tissues. Hesperidin has demonstrated its antioxidant activity, but few studies focus on its influence on intensive training. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hesperidin on the oxidant/antioxidant status of lymphoid tissues after an intensive training program. Wistar rats were trained for five weeks (five days per week), including two exhaustion tests plus three trainings per week. During this period, animals were orally administrated with 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle (three days per week). The oxidative status was determined before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional exhaustion test. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peritoneal macrophages, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in spleen, thymus and liver, and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were assessed. Hesperidin prevented an increase in ROS production induced by the additional exhaustion test. Likewise, hesperidin avoided a decrease in SOD and catalase activities in the thymus and spleen that was found after the additional exhaustion test. The antioxidant effects of hesperidin were associated with a higher performance in the assessed training model. These results suggest that hesperidin, acting as an antioxidant, can prevent oxidative stress induced by exercise and improve exercise performance.

Central fatigue related in sport stimuli wasstudied by Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold (CFFT) to know the influence of exercise on the central nervous system (CNS), but there is a lack of knowledge about the central or peripheral fatigue in endurance events. This study aimed to analyze changes in CFFT before and after the incremental cycle ergometer test as a means to assess the fatigue of the CNS. CFFT ascending and descending, the subjective criterion and sensory sensitivity were analysed in 8 professional male cyclists (72.1 ± 5.59 kg, 180.3 ± 6.43 cm, 17.4 ± 0.7 years) before and after a maximum incremental cycle ergometer test (start 50w increases 50w each 5 min). In this incremental test, the induced fatigue was probably more a peripheral phenomenon than one due to central nervous system fatigue, because sensory sensitivity did not significantly decrease. In conclusion, an incremental cycle ergometer test increased the cortical arousal and does not affect negatively the CNS of professional cyclists. La fatiga central relacionada con los estímulos deportivos fue estudiada por el Umbral de Fusión de Flicker Crítico (CFFT) para conocer la influencia del ejercicio sobre el sistema nervioso central (SNC), pero existe una falta de conocimiento sobre la fatiga central o periférica en los eventos de resistencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los cambios en CFFT antes y después de la prueba de ergómetro de ciclo incremental como un medio para evaluar la fatiga del SNC. CFFT ascendente y descendente, el criterio subjetivo y la sensibilidad sensorial se analizaron en 8 ciclistas profesionales (72,1 ± 5,59 kg, 180,3 ± 6,43 cm, 17,4 ± 0,7 años) antes y después de una prueba de ergómetro de ciclo incremental máximo (50w de inicio aumenta 50w cada 5 min). En esta prueba incremental, la fatiga inducida fue probablemente más un fenómeno periférico que uno debido a la fatiga del sistema nervioso central, porque la sensibilidad sensorial no disminuyó significativamente. En conclusión, una prueba de ergómetro de ciclo incremental aumentó la activación cortical y no afecta negativamente el SNC de ciclistas profesionales.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between skin temperature response and the physiological stress after a half marathon. APPROACH: Seventeen runners were measured 48 h before, 24 h before, 24 h after and 48 h after completing a half marathon. The measurements on each day of testing included blood markers (creatine kinase [CK] and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [GOT]), perception of pain and fatigue (using a visual analogue scale), skin temperature (using infrared thermography), and jump performance (using countermovement jump test). MAIN RESULTS: CK (p 1.0) increased 24 h after the half marathon, whereas jump performance decreased (p

Introducción. La fatiga central en el deporte está asociada a los efectos del amonio. La principal fuente de producción de amonio durante el ejercicio es el músculo esquelético. El amonio se genera como consecuencia del metabolismo energético, debido a la oxidación de aminoácidos y a la desaminación del nucleótido de adenosin trifosfato. Objetivo. Presentar una reflexión sobre el efecto del amonio durante el ejercicio de alta intensidad y su relación con la fatiga central en atletas. Discusión. Durante el ejercicio, la concentración de amonio alcanza valores superiores a 200µM (micromolar); sin embargo, en un adulto promedio se considera que valores superiores a 60µM en sangre manifiestan un trastorno por hiperamonemia. El amonio influye en la disminución del rendimiento en atletas y está asociado con los efectos nocivos para la salud en pacientes con encefalopatía hepática. Conclusiones. La práctica del ejercicio físico genera neuroprotección contra las altas concentraciones de amonio en el cerebro, pues, durante el ejercicio con altas concentraciones de amonio, los atletas no presentan los síntomas de pacientes con encefalopatía hepática, lo que implica adaptaciones metabólicas que juegan un papel importante en el metabolismo del amonio en el cerebro. [Porras-Álvarez J. Consecuencias del amonio en la fatiga central en atletas, posible efecto neuroprotector del ejercicio. MedUNAB. 2018;21(1):xx-xx. doi: 10.29375/01237047.xxxx]. Introduction. Central fatigue in sports training is associated with ammonium effects within the human body. The ammonium main production source during physical training is located in skeletal muscles and it is generated as a result of energy metabolism. This process is caused by amino acids oxidation and adenosine triphosphate nucleotide deamination. Objective. This article’s objective is to present an analysis regarding ammonium effects when high intensity sports are performed and its relation with central fatigue in athletes. Discussion. When high intensity sport practices are performed, ammonium concentration levels can reach values higher than 200 µM (micromolar). However, it is considered that an average adult with ammonium levels higher than 60µM evidences a hyperammonemia disorder. Ammonium has direct influence in the decline of athletic performance and it is associated with harmful effects for hepatic encephalopathy patients. Conclusions. Physical activity practice creates neuroprotection against high-quantities of ammonium in the brain. Although in physical practices athletes have high amounts of ammonium, they do not show symptoms related to hepatic encephalopathy; thus, this situation implies that metabolic adaptations have an important role within ammonium metabolism in the brain. [Porras-Álvarez J. Ammonium consequences in athletes’ central fatigue and its possible neuroprotection effect thanks to physical activity. MedUNAB. 2018;21(1):xx-xx. doi: 10.29375/01237047.xxxx].

Background: The first contact that every customer has when buying a food is the packaging, this is responsable for the handling, security, aesthetics and even advertising of the product. Over the years, the food industry has always shown great interest in developing packaging with different materials, some toxic for humans and others not. Scope and approach: This article presents a bibliometric review to identify during the last 20 years, what types of materials have been used to develop food packaging for human consumption, also identifies who are the most focused researchers in this topic, which countries are most interested in the field and how an entire academic social network has been created to identify the future of food packaging. Key findings and conclusions: The results show that the future of food packaging materials includes not only an advanced use of technology, but also a great concern for the care of health and the environment. Antecedentes: el primer contacto que tiene cada cliente al comprar un alimento es el empaque, este es responsable del manejo, la seguridad, la estética e incluso la publicidad del producto. A lo largo de los años, la industria alimentaria siempre ha mostrado un gran interés en desarrollar envases con diferentes materiales, algunos tóxicos para los seres humanos y otros no. Alcance y enfoque: este artículo presenta una revisión bibliométrica para identificar durante los últimos 20 años, qué tipos de materiales se han utilizado para desarrollar envases de alimentos para consumo humano, también identifica quiénes son los investigadores más enfocados en este tema, qué países están más interesados en el campo y cómo se ha creado toda una red social académica para identificar el futuro del envasado de alimentos. Conclusiones y conclusiones clave: los resultados muestran que el futuro de los materiales de envasado de alimentos incluye no solo un uso avanzado de la tecnología, sino también una gran preocupación por el cuidado de la salud y el medio ambiente.

A simple expression is proposed to estimate the fatigue endurance of welded joints that can be used to understand and analyze in a simple way the influence of the main geometrical, mechanical and material effects (weld geometry, local geometry, material properties, residual stresses and size of defects). The proposed expression was derived from the results of the analysis of the fatigue strength of welds studied by means of a fracture mechanics approach that takes into account the fatigue behavior of short cracks by using the resistance curve method. For that purpose numerical simulation of transversely stressed butt, T and cruciform joints were performed. Fil: Chapetti, Mirco Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina Fil: Steimbreger, Ceferino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina

Fatigue is an important damage mechanism that particularly affects welded components, since they are likely to present residual stresses, inhomogeneities and stress raisers. Assessment of cyclic load effects on welds has concerned both industries and scientist for decades; unexpected failure must be prevented and at the same time, structures must withstand design loads with minimum requirements of material. All these facts together with economic issues have lead to the creation of normative that rule designing and construction of welded components. Particularly, toe undercuts are generally found in large structures, and large scatter and disagreement exists towards their significance and effects. Documents usually limit only their depth without considering radius, width or length, and there is currently no explanation to that fact. Understanding the damaging process will also help to set less conservative tolerances, with consequent cost reduction due to less demanding inspection. The present paper deals with a fracture mechanic approach that uses the Resistance Curve concept to predict fatigue limit of welded components with undercuts. Results revealed that depth is the most influencing variable, and it can be used as the limiting parameter in design regulations. Moreover, good correlation was obtained with FAT values normally assigned to this kind of defect. Fil: Steimbreger, Ceferino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina Fil: Chapetti, Mirco Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina

[EN] After the collapse of some heavy buildings and towers in Italy and elsewhere, the hypothesis of possible continuous damage to these structures due to the dead and cyclic loads (wind, temperature variations, etc.) has been formulated by the authors. The long term behaviour of historic masonry has also been detected by laboratory creep and cyclic tests. The results indicate that a laboratory and on site investigation together with analytical modelling are important peculiarly for tall bell-towers. The application of these procedures on the Bell-Tower of the Cathedral of Monza is here reported and discussed., [ES] Tras el colapso de varios edificios de fábrica y torres en algunos países como Italia, los autores han formulado la hipótesis de un posible deterioro continuo de dichas estructuras debido tanto a las solicitaciones derivadas del peso propio como de las cargas cíclicas (viento, variaciones de temperatura, etc). El comportamiento a largo plazo de la mampostería histórica ha sido también objeto de estudio mediante un seguimiento continuo de ensayos en laboratorio y la aplicación de pruebas cíclicas. Los resultados indican que una investigación, tanto en laboratorio e in situ, sumada a una modelización analítica puede resultar fundamental en casos de campanarios de cierta altura. A continuación, se propone la aplicación de dichos procedimientos en el Campanario de la Catedral de Monza., La investigación ha sido apoyada por el CNR-GNDT, MURST y la parroquia de Monza. Los autores desean agradecer a los Srs. P. Perolari, G. Ghilardi, M. Cucchi, M. Antico, C. Arcadi y M. Iscandri por su ayuda y colaboración en el trabajo experimental tanto in situ como en laboratorio.

espanolEl Sindrome de Sjogren primario es una enfermedad autoinmune de origen desconocido, caracterizada por la destruccion progresiva de las glandulas exocrinas debido a la infiltracion de los linfocitos. Afecta principalmente a mujeres. Entre las manifestaciones clinicas destaca la sequedad de mucosas, fatiga, artralgias y mialgias, insomnio, fenomeno Raynaud y problemas gastrointestinales entre otros. Actualmente no tiene cura ni tratamiento y cursa brotes de diferente intensidad y duracion. Muchos pacientes presentan cuadros de depresion y ansiedad, debido a que hay un notable descenso de la calidad de vida. El ejercicio fisico dirigido es una excelente forma de afrontar la enfermedad puesto que permite un buen mantenimiento del aparato locomotor y, por tanto, de la tonicidad muscular. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio de caso clinico fue mostrar como el ejercicio fisico dirigido y las sesiones de fisioterapia pueden mejorar la calidad de vida de una paciente. Para ello se diseno un programa personalizado flexible a fin de conseguir una disminucion de la percepcion del dolor y la fatiga. A lo largo de 12 semanas se ha trabajado con una paciente con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida y reducir los dolores musculo-esqueleticos. Para ello se partio de los resultados de las pruebas de esfuerzo, a fin de adaptar las rutinas y sesiones de fisioterapia semanales a la condicion fisica de la paciente. Transcurridas estas semanas se puede ver una tendencia a la mejora, medida con la escala EVA (Escala Visual Analogica). EnglishPrimary Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease of unknown origin, characterized by the progressive destruction of the exocrine glands due to the infiltration of the lymphocytes. It mainly affects women. Clinical manifestations include dry mucous membranes, fatigue, arthralgias and myalgias, insomnia, Raynaud phenomenon and gastrointestinal problems among others. Currently, there is no cure or treatment and he has outbreaks of different intensity and duration. Many patients present with depression and anxiety, because there is a notable decrease in the quality of life. Directed physical exercise is an excellent way to deal with the disease since it allows a good maintenance of the locomotor system and, therefore, muscle tone. In this sense, the objective of this clinical case study was to show how directed physical exercise and physiotherapy sessions can improve a patient's quality of life. To this end, a flexible personalized program was designed in order to achieve a reduction in the perception of pain and fatigue. Throughout 12 weeks we have worked with a patient with the aim of improving the quality of life and reducing musculoskeletal pain. For this purpose, the results of the stress tests were used to adapt the routines and weekly physiotherapy sessions to the physical condition of the patient. After these weeks you can see a tendency to improvement, measured with the EVA scale (Visual Analogue Scale).

Resumen Este trabajo muestra el procedimiento de diseño de engranajes cilíndricos rectos que emplea funciones especiales para el trazado del perfil de trabajo de los dientes. Los perfiles especiales generadores se especifican mediante funciones potenciales, mientras que los perfiles conjugados se representan mediante funciones polinómicas de ajuste, garantizando el cumplimiento de la ley fundamental de engranamiento. El desempeño de los engranajes con perfiles especiales se compara con respecto a un engranaje normalizado modular equivalente. Se utiliza el Software Ansys para el cálculo del esfuerzo máximo equivalente de von Mises, con el fin de realizar la estimación de vida por fatiga en los engranajes. Como característica principal de esta investigación, se obtiene que mediante la utilización de perfiles especiales, el esfuerzo máximo equivalente de von Mises para el sistema de transmisión puede reducirse hasta en un 5,4 %, lo cual es un elemento que mejora el factor de seguridad en la pareja de perfiles especiales, comparado con el perfil del sistema normal de modulo. Esto se traduce en una prolongación de la vida para que se presente daño en el engranaje. Abstract This paper shows the design of spur gears that uses special features in the layout of the job profile of the teeth. The special profiles are defined by mean of potential functions, while the conjugates profiles are calculated by polynomial functions, to ensuring compliance with the basic law of meshing. The designs of the gears with special profiles are compared to an equivalent standardized modular gear. The Ansys Software is used for modeling the equivalent Von Mises maximum stress, in order to perform the estimation of fatigue life in the gears. The main results of this research is found that the use of special profiles can reduce the equivalent von Mises maximum stress in the transmission system by up to 5.4 %, which is an element that enhances the safety factor in the couple of special profiles, compared with the profile of normal module system; it becomes in a prolongation of life to being gear damaged.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la efectividad del ejercicio físico en la fatiga de pacientes con cáncer durante el tratamiento activo. Las bases de datos de PubMed Central, EMBASE y OVID fueron consultadas hasta abril de 2014 para identificar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, que evaluaran el efecto del ejercicio en la fatiga de pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento activo. Once estudios (n = 1.407) fueron incluidos. La quimioterapia fue el tratamiento más común (n = 1.028). Los estudios tuvieron bajo riesgo de sesgo y alta calidad metodológica. Las estimaciones de efecto mostraron que el ejercicio físico mejoró significativamente la fatiga (SMD = -3,0; IC95%: -5,21; -0,80), p < 0,0001. Se encontraron efectos similares para el entrenamiento de resistencia (SMD = -4,5; IC95%: -7,24; -1,82), p = 0,001. Se encontraron mejoras significativas en pacientes con cáncer de mama y de próstata (p < 0,05). El ejercicio es una intervención segura y eficaz en el control de la fatiga en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento activo This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of physical exercise in decreasing fatigue in cancer patients during active treatment. The PubMed Central, EMBASE, and OVID databases were consulted up to April 2014 to identify randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on fatigue in cancer patients undergoing active treatment. Eleven studies (n = 1,407) were included. Chemotherapy was the most common form of treatment (n = 1,028). The studies showed a low risk of bias and high methodological quality. Effect estimates showed that physical exercise significantly improved fatigue (SMD = -3.0; 95%CI: -5.21; -0.80), p < 0.0001. Similar effects were found for resistance training (SMD = -4.5; 95%CI: -7.24; -1.82), p = 0.001. Significant improvements were found in breast and prostate cancer patients (p < 0.05). Exercise is a safe and effective intervention in the management fatigue in cancer patients undergoing active treatment O objetivo foi determinar a efetividade do exercício físico sobre a fadiga em pacientes com câncer durante o tratamento ativo. As bases de dados PubMed Central, EMBASE e OVID foram consultadas até abril de 2014 para identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram o efeito do exercício sobre a fadiga em pacientes com câncer em tratamento ativo. Onze estudos (n = 1.407) foram incluídos. A quimioterapia foi o tratamento mais comum (n = 1.028). Os estudos tiveram baixo risco de viés e alta qualidade metodológica. As estimativas de efeito mostraram que o exercício melhorou significativamente a fadiga (DMP = -3,0; IC95%: -5,21; -0,80), p < 0,0001. Efeitos semelhantes sobre o treinamento de resistência (DMP = -4,5; IC95%: -7,24; -1,82), p = 0,001 foram encontrados. O exercício físico é uma intervenção segura e eficaz contra a fadiga em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ativo El presente trabajo forma parte del Proyecto Práctica del autoexamen de seno y los conocimientos, factores de riesgo y estilos de vida relacionados con el cáncer de mama en mujeres jóvenes de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bogotá: un análisis transversal (9ª Convocatoria FODEIN- Código del proyecto 4110060001 - 008).

Cold recycled bound materials (CRBMs) provide an economic and environmental advantage for pavements since they decrease energy and raw material consumption. However, design methods for airfield pavements do not include key CRBM properties. In this paper an empirical-mechanistic method is used to study airfield pavement design with CRBM in order to develop design guidance. The aim of the paper is to obtain the inputs related to material properties needed for use in this method. For this purpose, CRBM containing reclaimed asphalt, with fly ash, cement and foamed bitumen as stabilising agents, was characterised. The methodology included indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) and indirect tensile fatigue tests (ITFT) in strain control mode. The inputs needed for a pavement design analysis with CRBM were then obtained. The results showed the importance of further study on CRBM fatigue to understand the behaviour of these mixes under cyclic loading., El uso de mezclas asfálticas recicladas en frío (MARF) proporciona ventajas tanto económicas como medioambientales al disminuir el consumo de energía y materias primas. Sin embargo, los métodos de diseño para firmes de aeropuertos no incluyen las propiedades de MARFs. En este artículo un método empírico-mecanístico se emplea para estudiar el diseño de firmes de aeropuertos con MARF. El objetivo es obtener los inputs relacionados con las propiedades de MARF necesarios para llevar a cabo el diseño del pavimento. Con este propósito, MARF con asfalto reciclado, ceniza volante, cemento y betún espumado ha sido caracterizado. La metodología incluye ensayo de tracción indirecta para la obtención del módulo de rigidez y ensayo de fatiga con tracción indirecta en modo de deformación controlada. Los inputs necesarios han sido obtenidos y los resultados muestran la importancia de un estudio adicional del comportamiento a fatiga de MARF para entender su comportamiento bajo cargas cíclicas.

The use of Half Warm Mixes with high Reclaimed Asphalt content (HWMRA) has the potential to generate significant environmental advantages such as the reduction in consumption of natural resources and the emission of gases into the atmosphere. This paper therefore focuses on demonstrating the viability of using these types of mixes in wearing courses. For this purpose, an HWMRA with 70 % and 100 % Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and emulsion were designed in the laboratory. The performance of the mixes was then assessed and compared with that of conventional Hot Mix Asphalt. In a second stage, the mixes were manufactured in-plant, and laid and compacted in an Accelerated Pavement Test track. The cores were then extracted and tested for stiffness modulus and resistance to fatigue. The results from the tests conducted with both the laboratory specimens and the cores showed that the performance of HWMRA is comparable to that of HMA. These findings encourage greater confidence in promoting the use of these types of sustainable asphalt mixes., La utilización de mezclas asfálticas templadas con alto contenido de asfalto reciclado (HWMRA) conlleva ventajas medioambientales como la reducción del consumo de recursos naturales y la emisión de gases a la atmósfera. Este artículo se centra en mostrar la viabilidad de este tipo de mezclas para capas de rodadura. Para ello, se diseñaron mezclas HWMRA con 70 % y 100 % de asfalto reciclado en el laboratorio y se evaluó y comparó su comportamiento con una mezcla caliente convencional. En una segunda etapa, las mezclas fueron fabricadas en planta, extendidas y compactadas en una pista de ensayo acelerado de pavimentos. A continuación, se extrajeron testigos y se ensayaron para conocer su módulo de rigidez y resistencia a fatiga. Tanto los resultados de laboratorio como tras la fabricación en planta y puesta en obra mostraron que el comportamiento de mezclas HWMRA es comparable al de mezclas calientes convencionales. Dicha conclusión puede aportar confianza a este tipo de mezclas sostenibles promoviendo su mayor utilización.

The combination of high rates of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies is still ambiguous in terms of durability. With the aim of clarifying this issue, a study comparing a hot mix asphalt with a WMA prepared using the foaming process technology. Both mixes contain 50% of RAP and are submitted to a laboratory ageing procedure. The long term related performance of the mixtures is compared by means of complex modulus and fatigue testing. Penetration and ring and ball tests are undertaken on the recovered bitumens, as well as the ageing evolution, characterised by the Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. Finally, the Apparent Molecular Weight Distribution (AMWD) of the binders is calculated from rheological measurements using the δ-method. Results show a relation between ageing evolution and mechanical performance. After ageing, the overall tendencies are similar for both processes., El comportamiento de mezclas asfálticas semicalientes (WMA) con alto contenido de material reciclado (RAP) es aún incierto a largo plazo. Por este motivo, en este estudio se compara el envejecimiento una mezcla caliente convencional y una mezcla espumada semicaliente con 50% de RAP. Ambas mezclas han sido sometidas a un proceso de envejecimiento en laboratorio. La respuesta a largo plazo se ha comparado a través de los ensayos de módulo de rigidez y de fatiga. En los betunes recuperados se han llevado a cabo los ensayos de penetración y anillo-bola, así como el seguimiento del envejecimiento a través del análisis de infrarrojos. Finalmente, la distribución de peso molecular aparente (AMWD) de los betunes se ha calculado a través de medidas reológicas usando el “δ-method”. En los resultados se observa una relación entre la evolución del envejecimiento y su respuesta mecánica, donde la tendencia general es similar para ambas técnicas.

The aims of this study were on the one hand, to describe the performance in a laboratory cardiovascular test and in a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test, and on the other, to analyze the association between the results obtained in both test. Twelve high-standard soccer referees (1 st , 2 nd y 2 nd B Divisions, 28,8 ± 5,1 years, 73,2 ± 6,6 kg, 1,8 ± 0,1 m and 22,82 ± 1,38 kg·m -2 ) participated in this study. Soccer referees obtained 59,50 ± 4,56 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 of maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ). Mean time (RSA Media ) spent to perform the repeated sprints in 15 and 30 m distances was 2,54 ± 0,09 s and 4,43 ± 0,14 s, and total time (RSA Total ) was 15,26 ± 0,53 s and 26,60 ± 0,82 s, respectively. Fatigue indexes (RSA Sdec and RSA Cambio ) in 15 and 30 m distances were 2,25 ± 1,05% and 3,33 ± 1,59%, and 3,45 ± 2,92% y 6,31 ± 4,63%, respectively. Positive associations were found between cardiovascular variables and RSA time variables. On the other side, oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and ventilatory threshold 1 (VT2) and fatigue index (RSA Sdec ) correlated negatively. Despite a higher cardiovascular capacity in soccer referees may generate a negative effect on the time spent in RSA, it also minimize the fatigue during repeated sprints. Physical trainers should focus the training of soccer referees on the cardiovascular capacity and they should implement acceleration specific training.

WOS: 000391687300001, Introduction: There are reports of a possible relationship between melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, and exercise. Objective: The present study aims to investigate how diurnal and nocturnal strenuous exercise affects melatonin levels. Methods: The study enrolled 10 healthy sedentary males who did not actively exercise. The subjects had a mean age of 22.20 +/- 0.24 years, a mean height of 174.60 +/- 2.33 cm, and a mean weight of 69.70 +/- 2.42 kg. Two blood samples were collected from the subjects, one at rest, at 10:00 am, and the other immediately after strenuous exercise. Likewise, blood samples were taken from the same group of subjects after 48 hours: at 24:00 hours at rest and immediately after strenuous exercise. Samples were analyzed using the ELISA method to determine the serum melatonin levels (pg/ml). Results: By comparing the values at rest and after exercise, it was found that serum melatonin values remained unchanged with exercise. Serum melatonin values at rest or post-exercise measured at night were higher when compared with those measured during the day (p

Rheumatoid arthritis; Fatigue; Tocilizumab Artritis reumatoide; Fatiga; Tocilizumab Artritis reumatoide; Fatiga; Tocilizumab To assess the hypothesis if tocilizumab (TCZ) is effective on disease activity, and also its effect in fatigue and other clinical and psychological disease-related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with TCZ.A 24-week, multicenter, prospective, observational study in patients with moderate to severe RA receiving TCZ after failure or intolerance to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tumor necrosis factor-alpha was conducted.Of the 122 patients included, 85 were evaluable for effectiveness (85% female, 51.9 ± 12.5 years, disease duration 8.7 ± 7.4 years). Mean change in C-reactive protein level from baseline to week 12 was -11.2 ± 4.0 (P

Introduction: fatigue impacts perceived health, but its importance in inflammatory bowel disease is not known. Objectives: to define the applicability of the fatigue measurement questionnaires and analyze it in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Material and methods: in a first phase, the psychometric properties of 3 fatigue measurement questionnaires were determined in 99 patients: Daily Fatigue Impact Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. In a second phase, fatigue status and its relationship to disease and quality of life was determined in 127 patients and 69 healthy controls. Results: the first part of the study showed the applicability of the questionnaires listed in inflammatory bowel disease, the Daily Fatigue Impact Scale (DFIS) having the best correlation with the quality of life and clinical activity. In the second phase, significantly higher levels of fatigue were observed in active disease than in disease in remission and healthy controls (p < 0,05). The severity of fatigue was significantly correlated with quality of life (r = -0.66 and -0.72 between IBDQ-9 and DFIS and in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, respectively) and with disease activity (r = 0.25 and Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusions: in inflammatory bowel disease, fatigue measurement questionnaires have good properties and show that fatigue is an important manifestation of the disease, which has a significant impact on quality of life of patients.

Background The last ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has been the most important since 1976. EVD cases decreased drastically in Sierra Leone at the beginning of 2015. We aim to determine the clinical findings and evolution of patients admitted to an Ebola treatment center (ETC) during the epidemic’s late phase. Methods We analyze retrospectively data of patients admitted to the Moyamba ETC (December 2014-March 2015). Patients were classified in EVD or non-EVD patients according to the results of Ebola virus real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ZAIRE-RT-PCR). Results Seventy-five patients were included, 41.3 % were positive for ZAIRE-RT-PCR. More women (68 % vs 28 %, p = 0.001) were EVD-positive. More EVD patients had previous contact with an Ebola patient (74.2 % vs 36.3 %, p

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; BACKGROUND Patients with testicular germ cell cancer (GCC) have a high cure rate; however, cancer-related fatigue is the most common complication among patients with GCC undergoing treatment with chemotherapy. Although exercise is widely recommended, information about the physio-pathological effects of cancer therapy on skeletal muscle is very limited. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of an individualized program of muscular strength and endurance with aerobic training on cancer-related fatigue. METHODS/DESIGN The present study is a randomized controlled trial comparing an individualized program of muscular strength and endurance with aerobic training compared to a control group. We will conduct this trial in patients undergoing chemotherapy, recruited by the Department of Oncology of Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (Málaga). Patients will be included and evaluated before the first cycle of chemotherapy and assigned randomly to the experimental or control group. Cancer-related fatigue, physical condition and biological samples will be measured at the beginning and at the end of an 8-week intervention by the same evaluator, who will be unaware of the allocation of participants to each group. Furthermore, there will be monitoring for 6 months (24 weeks) after training for all outcome variables. DISCUSSION This study hopes to offer patients with GCC an individualized exercise program with aerobic training for cancer-related fatigue. Such a scheme, if beneficial, could be implemented successfully within public health. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02433197 . Date of registration: 13 April 2015. Yes

O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o padrão de sono em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e analisar associações do sono com as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, fadiga, fadiga ao esforço, atividade física, classe funcional, terapia medicamentosa, dispneia e índice de massa corporal. A amostra não probabilística foi de 400 pacientes (idade média 57,8 anos; 64,8% eram homens; escolaridade média de 6,1 anos; 82,5% em classe funcional II ou III). A prevalência de maus dormidores foi de 68,5% e 46,5% classificou o sono como ruim ou muito ruim. Escores que sugerem categoria de mau dormidor foram associados a: sexo feminino, não empregados, fadiga, fadiga ao esforço, dispneia e classes funcionais mais elevadas da IC. A proporção de maus dormidores entre os pacientes com IC está entre as mais altas nas doenças crônicas. Dispneia e fadiga, sintomas comuns a essa enfermidade, aumentam significativamente a chance de ser mau dormidor. The objective of this study was to describe sleep patterns in patients with heart failure (HF) and analyze associations between sleep and the following variables: gender, age, fatigue, fatigue on exertion, physical activity, functional class, drug therapy, dyspnea, and body mass index. The nonprobability sample consisted of 400 patients (mean age 57.8 years; 64.8% were men, average schooling of 6.1 years; 82.5% Functional Class II or III). The prevalence of poor sleepers was 68.5%, and 46.5% rated sleep as poor or very poor. Scores suggest that the bad sleeper category was associated with: female, unemployed, fatigue, fatigue on exertion, dyspnea and higher functional classes of HF. The proportion of poor sleepers among patients with HF is among the highest in chronic diseases. Dyspnea and fatigue, common symptoms of this disease, significantly increase the chance of being a bad sleeper. Estudio que objetivó describir el patrón de sueño en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y analizar asociaciones del sueño con las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, fatiga, fatiga ante esfuerzo, actividad física, clase funcional, terapia medicamentosa, disnea e índice de masa corporal. La muestra no probabilística fue de 400 pacientes (edad media 57,8 años; 64,8% hombres, escolaridad media de 6,1 años; 82,5% en clase funcional II o III). La prevalencia de afectados por transtornos del sueño fue de 68,5%, y 46,5% clasificó su sueño como malo o muy malo. Puntajes que sugieren categoría de transtornos del sueño se asociaron con: sexo femenino, desempleados, fatiga, fatiga ante esfuerzo, disnea y clases funcionales más elevadas del IC. La proporción de afectados por transtornos del sueño entre pacientes con IC está entre las más altas en enfermedades crónicas. Disnea y fatiga, síntomas comunes en esa enfermedad, aumentan significativamente la chance de sufrir alteraciones del sueño.

Se presenta un procedimiento de evaluación del desempeño mecánico del sistema formado por la palanca y el rodillo seguidor de una máquina dobladora de barras de acero. Este procedimiento puede ser empleado con fines de diseño o rediseño orientado a sistemas existentes que requieran de mejoras. Se ilustra el procedimiento para el caso de una dobladora para fabricar ganchos de acero que ha tenido continuas pérdidas de funcionalidad por fracturas por fatiga, picadura del rodillo, consumo de potencia elevado y dimensiones de la barra doblada fuera de especificaciones. Se analiza el comportamiento elastoplástico del material de la barra con el fin de conocer la potencia de doblado requerida. Además, se lleva a cabo la definición de los factores de diseño fundamentales tomando en consideración los distintos mecanismos de falla encontrados en esta máquina. El resultado es un sistema de ecuaciones restrictivas que se resuelve para una función objetivo de capacidad de producción. Finalmente, se presenta el rediseño mejorado de la máquina dobladora con nuevas características funcionales.

O estudo analisou a prevalência e a comorbidade de dor e fadiga em mulheres com câncer de mama. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com amostra, não probabilística de 182 mulheres em tratamento ambulatorial para câncer de mama, entrevistadas no período de julho 2006 a março de 2007. Fadiga, avaliada pela Escala de Fadiga de Piper, foi dividida em duas categorias (escore 0,1-4,9 e >5-10). Dor, avaliada pela escala de 0-10, foi categorizada do mesmo modo que fadiga. Fadiga ocorreu em 94 mulheres (51,6%), sendo >5 em 44 (46,8%) delas. Dor ocorreu em 86 mulheres (47,2%), sendo >5 em 50 (58,1%). Fadiga e dor correlacionaram-se (r=0,38, p=0,003) e a comorbidade fadiga e dor foi de 38,3%. Dor intensa acentuou a fadiga (p=0,089) e fadiga intensa acentuou a dor (p=0,016). Tais dados são inéditos em nosso meio, confirmam a existência de um cluster de sintoma e dos prejuízos decorrentes dessa comorbidade.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fatigue affects up to 90% of patients with MS. We assessed the regional distribution of lesions and atrophy of the normal-appearing WM and GM in patients with RRMS with fatigue compared with HC and patients with similar characteristics, but without fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 14 patients with RRMS without fatigue, 10 with RRMS with fatigue, and 14 HC, we acquired brain dual-echo and high-resolution T1-weighted scans. Voxel-wise distributions of GM, WM damage, and T2 lesions were compared between patients with fatigued and nonfatigued MS by using SPM5 software. We report results at P < .05, FWE corrected. RESULTS: T2 lesion distribution and regional WM atrophy did not differ between patients with fatigued and nonfatigued MS. Compared with HC, patients with MS had significant WM atrophy in the posterior part of the corpus callosum and significant GM atrophy of the left superior frontal sulcus, left precentral gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, right thalamus, and left middle frontal gyrus. No additional areas of atrophy were found in patients with nonfatigued MS compared with HC, whereas patients with fatigued MS also had atrophy of the left central sulcus. Atrophy in the left central sulcus and the precentral gyrus was more severe in patients with fatigued versus nonfatigued MS. In patients with MS, significant correlations were found between fatigue severity and GM atrophy in the left precentral gyrus (r = −0.73, P < .0001 uncorrected). CONCLUSIONS: Atrophy of the primary sensorimotor area is likely to contribute to MS-related fatigue.

Sin financiación 0.253 SJR (2009) Q2, 16/35 Family practice, 731/1777 Medicine (miscellaneous) UEM

Sin financiación 0.114 SJR (2009) Q3, 26/35 Family practice; Q4, 378/423 Public health, environmental and occupational health UEM