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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a potentially curative and useful strategy in high-risk relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment at 12 months (M12) post-HSCT is predictive of relapse. This phase II study aimed to achieve M12 MRD negativity (MRDneg) using an MRD-driven immune-intervention (Md-PII) algorithm based on serial flow-cytometry blood MRD, involving cyclosporine tapering followed in case of failure by donor lymphocytes infusions. Patients had high-risk CLL according to the 2006 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation consensus, in complete or partial response with lymphadenopathy

In the current theater of operation, medical devices are often shipped and stored at ambient conditions. The effect of storage at hot and cold temperature extremes on ventilator performance is unknown. We evaluated three portable ventilators currently in use or being evaluated for use by the Department of Defense (731, Impact Instrumentation; T1, Hamilton Medical; and ReVel, CareFusion) at temperature extremes in a laboratory setting. The ventilators were stored at temperatures of 60 degC and -35 deg C for 24 hours and were allowed to acclimate to room temperature for 30 minutes prior to evaluation. The T1 required an extra 15-30 minutes of acclimation to room temperature before the ventilator would deliver breaths. All delivered tidal volumes at room temperature and temperature extremes were less than the +/- 10% American Society for Testing and Materials standard with the ReVel. Delivered tidal volumes at the pediatric settings were less than the +/- 10% threshold at both temperatures and at room temperature with the 731. Storage at extreme temperature affected the performance of the portable ventilators tested. This study showed that portable ventilators may need an hour or more of acclimation time at room temperature after storage at temperature extremes to operate as intended.

Metastatic tumors to the orbit are rare, especially from a primary pancreatic carcinoma. A 59-year-old man presented with 4 weeks of right eye pain and eyelid swelling. There was right upper eyelid ptosis associated with a right supraduction deficit consistent with a superior divisional third cranial nerve (CN III) palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right orbital apex lesion. A right orbital exenteration was performed for intractable and severe pain. Surgical pathology demonstrated a poorly differentiated carcinoma that was ultimately felt to be derived from the pancreas. In this report, we describe the clinical and neurological imaging findings of a superior divisional CN III palsy as the presenting manifestation of a presumed metastatic pancreatic carcinoma to the orbital apex, and review the neuroanatomy of CN III with particular emphasis on the anatomical bifurcation of the nerve into a superior and inferior division.

Since 2003, the protracted conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have had an enormous impact on the mental health of the Army. To respond to the increased stress on the force resulting from multiple deployments and a high operational tempo, the Army developed the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness (CSF) program. Designed to improve Soldiers resiliency and psychological fitness, the CSF is built on four pillars: individual assessment through the Global Assessment Tool (GAT); individual online training through the Comprehensive Resilience Modules (CRMs); establishment of a cadre of instructors through the Master Resilience Trainer program (MRT); and institutionalizing training through the Army professional military education system. As it is now implemented, the Army believes the CSF program has been successful, but some experts question the supporting research and contend that the program is not achieving the desired effects. Army CSF studies provide minimal evidence of success. An independent study of CSF is recommended and suggestions for changes in education, accountability and recruitment are offered to help ensure CSF is benefiting the Soldiers, unit readiness and the Army.

What the Marine Corps achieved in Anbar constituted a major turning point in the Iraq War. Many had declared the fight there lost at the very time I MEF was launching a three-dimensional strategy in 2006 that culminated in 2007 with a strategic defeat for AQI and those insurgents aligned with it. The fight for Anbar Province demonstrated the Marine Corps s capacity to learn and change in order to address complicated and very violent challenges. The four-year fight in the Sunni heartland is an important illustration of that Marine capacity to improvise and adapt, which is infused into the Corps training routines and warrior ethos. This study details how I MEF designed and implemented a counterinsurgency approach that was contextualized for Anbar, consisting of (1) the COIN phases of clear, hold, build ; (2) tribal engagement to expand the operating force available to maintain local security; and (3) targeted counterterrorism aimed at degrading al Qaeda s clandestine apparatus.

This technical note focuses on software acquisition and development practices related to the evaluation of products before, during, and after implementation. From engagements with numerous DoD acquisition programs, it has been observed that a number of recurring issues reduce the effectiveness of how software-reliant products are evaluated. An acquisition effort consists of identifying the customer's needs, selecting or developing a product that is responsive to those needs, and then evaluating the product to determine if it properly addresses the identified needs. This technical note describes the Product Evaluation (verification, validation, and certification) process including test, reviews, and formal methods. It also makes the argument that Product Evaluation should not be deferred until after a product has been built, but should begin as soon as the customer's needs have been identified and should continue throughout the acquisition effort.

This research investigated the performance and placement of an injectable radio frequency identification (RFID) and temperature sensor to monitor the body temperature of horses. Eleven sensors were calibrated to assess reliability (accuracy and repeatability) of the temperature readings. Results of four separate calibration trials demonstrated significant variability in both accuracy and repeatability. To quantify accuracy, the regression standard errors (SE) were placed into four performance categories: 4, 0, 2 and 3 excellent (SE = 0.5°C); 2, 1, 7, and 1 good (0.5°C < SE = 0.75°C); 2, 3, 0, and 7 marginal (0.75oC < SE = 1.0°C); and 3, 7, 2, 0 poor (SE < 1.0oC) sensors in each of the performance categories for the four calibration trials, respectively. Three of the eleven sensors evaluated were found to be repeatable, however, with marginal accuracy. Based on these results it is recommended that the temperature system be calibrated before use.

Five years after the events of September 11, 2001 should mark an era of Military Treatment Facilities' preparedness to respond to natural or man-made disasters or emergencies. Is Naval Hospital Bremerton as prepared as they should be? There have been many programs developed to streamline and help with preparedness for medical facilities. Has Naval Hospital Bremerton integrated these programs in their Emergency Management Program? Some variables of preparedness may include: personnel, resources, communications, policy, or planning. Has their policy and guidance been updated and does it reflect the requirements of higher authority? Is the staff adequately trained? Are there adequate relationships with civil agencies? This paper will look at how prepared Naval Hospital Bremerton is from an executive administrative view.

Indoor corrosion failures of aluminum-finned copper-tube evaporator coils, and also in some systems without aluminum fins, is a menacing issue in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry. Extensive laboratory testing has verified the development of a reproducible screening method to assess suspected contaminants of producing premature failures of copper tube resulting from a very localized form of corrosion known as “formicary corrosion” [a/k/a “ant nest corrosion”]. This paper provides a historical perspective on formicary corrosion and various mechanisms. BACKGROUND Indoor corrosion failures of aluminum-finned copper-tube evaporator coils, sometimes without aluminum fins, is a menacing issue in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry. Of note, significantly from Japanese research, is the conclusion that approximately 10% of all premature failures of copper tube result from a very localized form of corrosion known as formicary or “ant nest” corrosion. Based on this fact alone, the HVAC industry worldwide has recognized that formicary corrosion, albeit not identified as such in most instances, accounts for many premature failures in copper products. Some geographic areas within the United States have experienced higher incidences of formicary corrosion than others, and likewise, some homes experience multiple failures while those around them appear immune. Failures typically manifest as leaks that form under the aluminum fin pack area of the evaporator coil within a few years of installation. A comprehensive study by Carrier (1) has identified this form of corrosion in most coil brands from all the major suppliers.

About one million gallons of acidic, hazardous, and radioactive sodium-bearing waste are stored in stainless steel tanks at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), which is a major operating facility of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Calcination at high-temperature conditions (600 C, with alumina nitrate and calcium nitrate chemical addition to the feed) is one of four options currently being considered by the Department of Energy for treatment of the remaining tank wastes. If calcination is selected for future processing of the sodium-bearing waste, it will be necessary to install new off-gas control equipment in the New Waste Calcining Facility (NWCF) to comply with the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards for hazardous waste combustors and incinerators. This will require, as a minimum, installing a carbon bed to reduce mercury emissions from their current level of up to 7,500 to 90% reduction of NOx emissions. Mercury removal by the carbon bed reached 99.99%, surpassing the control efficiency needed to meet MACT emissions standards. No deleterious impacts on the carbon bed were observed during the tests. The test results imply that upgrading the NWCF calciner with a more efficient cyclone separator and the proposed MACT equipment can process the remaining tanks wastes in 3 years or less, and comply with the MACT standards.

A book purporting to discuss potential changes in the nature, character, and conduct of war between two interwar periods is an ambitious undertaking. The last time I sat down to tackle a task of that magnitude and pen a few thoughts, it took eight books. Never having truly finished, my wife, unfortunately, had to do the final editing, since alas only the first chapter of Book 1 was a final draft.

On April 6, 1994 the Mystere Falcon carrying the presidents of Rwanda and Burundi was shot down by a surface to air missile, igniting a long planned and well coordinated holocaust that ended in the deaths of up to 800,000 Rwandans. Over the next six weeks, Hutu extremists, led by the Rwandan Army and radical Hutu militias, mobilized the majority Hutu population against the Tutsi minority to execute a bloodbath unequalled since the Cambodian killing fields of the 1970s. Alone among the great powers, the United States possessed the political and military power to organize and lead a rapid military intervention to stop the slaughter yet America took no action. The details of the tragedy are by now well known. What is less well known is the process by which the Clinton Administration arrived at a decision not to act a startling decision in retrospect given the expressed principles of the administration and the almost unbelievable scale of the unfolding tragedy. In the months and years that followed the Rwandan genocide, President Clinton at first excused American inaction by claiming that the true scope and scale of the killing was not known, and that the speed of the genocide precluded an effective response. Subsequent reporting revealed conclusively, however, that the killings continued for more than three months, and that the administration knew in detail that a systematic program of mass murder was not only in progress, but in fact had been planned in advance. U.S. inaction did not result from bad information or inadequate resources. Rather it was a conscious act of policy. How that policy came to be will engage national security practitioners for years to come.

From September 1993 to March 1994, a team of two behavioral scientists and a retired general officer interviewed 55 Army officers on factors that affect the span of effective command and control. The interviews were structured around seven factors: Task characteristics, Organizational Structure, Complexity of Environment, Unit Continuity, Technology, Individual characteristics, and External Organizations. The first section of this report presents recommendations on forming a joint task force for contingency operations. These recommendations are keyed to comments made during the interviews by 11 general officers who held senior positions in contingency operations. The second section presents conclusions and recommendations for organizing Army units for warfighting operations. These conclusions and recommendations are based on ratings and comments made by officers at echelons from company to corps and from combat, combat support, and combat service support units. Ratings on the impact of each factor as well as comments made during the interviews suggest that the impact of the factors varied as a function of both echelon and type of unit. Recommendations for design are drawn from the study conclusions about each factor as well as directly from those made by some officers.

In anticipation of more demanding challenges even as it also experiences declining resources, the Army must reshape its combat organizations to be more versatile. A likely question for this redesign effort is "How have divisions evolved to their current status?" The project reported here collected and evaluated 208 documents to help answer that question. The focus was set on post-Vietnam initiatives in general and the following five initiatives in particular: Triple Capabilities (TRICAP) study; Division Restructuring/Study/Evaluation (DRS/DRE); Army 86 (Heavy and Infantry Divisions and Separate Brigades); High Technology Light division (HTLD); and Army of Excellence (AOE) (Light and Heavy Divisions). This report is intended to be a source of information on previous division structure initiatives and an overview of lessons learned from those initiatives. It contains a chronology of division design and structure initiatives, as well as an overview of each initiative and a summary of the major conceptual and organizational features pertinent to each initiative. The main body of the report concludes with a summary of overall trends, recommendations, and persistent issues. The appendices to the report contain abstracts of pertinent documents the authors identified, reviewed, and copied that relate to each of the initiatives.

Although much has been written about the history of Marine aviation and the Marine ground units it supports, there has been very little written about another important ingredient to this Marine air-ground team, the 'glue' that holds it together, the Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS). The MACCS evolved out of necessity. Along with the modernization of Marine aviation, and its associated complexities, came the need for a system that could provide for air command and control. As is the case with most man-made phenomena, this air command and control system did not evolve overnight. It came about gradually. Its growth was periodically accelerated by wartime demand for the integrated control of ever-increasing numbers of aircraft and missiles (along with their resultant sharing of airspace) and the increasing demand for aviation in direct support of ground forces. The MACCS has had a long and colorful history and has played a pivotal role in keeping Marine air in support of Marines.

Management and measurement are inherently interconnected. The success of an organization is dependent on the quality of its management, and the quality of its management depends on the quality of the decisions made by management. Decision quality, in turn, is dependent on the quality of the information available. A measurement program that produces timely and meaningful information that supports management action is a program that enables decision quality. This report provides the foundation for instituting a program of systematic measurement that supports enhanced organizational success. This success will occur because management will have the information needed to: (1) Improve the predictability of product and system performance; (2) Increase competitiveness; (3) Improve the quality of delivered systems and products; (4) Improve the quality of the processes used to develop these systems and products; (5) Increase customer satisfaction; and (6) Improve profitability. This report helps managers at all levels of the organization understand the need for and the mechanism of instituting a program for measurements to support software- intensive development projects. It shows how project information may be combined into a corporate-level knowledge base. In short, this report is a road map for adoption of a systematic measurement program at all levels of an organization concerned with development of software-intensive systems.

This program had two objectives: to develop selective material processing techniques for both multiple quantum well (MQW) electronic devices and circuits, and to develop design and fabrication techniques for advanced photonic devices and circuits. The ULTRA electronics portion of the program was focused on developing new damage free etching techniques for nanoscale semiconductor electronic devices; techniques primarily for III-V semiconductors were of interest. The photonics program considered a wide range of materials for photonic integrated devices (PICs) with an emphasis on prototyping methods and novel devices. The successes of the program included new integrated devices, laser prototyping techniques, new design software, and a new fabrication method for single crystal metal oxides. Technology transfer was realized to two industrial partners.

The U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory was responsible for the fielding of a damage assessment team and for the analyses of the information collected by this team during Operation Desert Storm. The damage assessments were conducted on U.S. ground combat vehicles. This two volume report documents the assessment operations and the subsequent analyses and damage information.

The 18th Army Science Conference was held at the Hyatt Hotel, Orlando, Florida, 22-25 June 1992. The conference presented a cross section of the many significant scientific and engineering programs carried out by the Department of the Army (DA). Additionally, it provided an opportunity for DA civilian and military scientists and engineers to present the results of their research and development efforts before a distinguished and critical audience.

The purpose of the LIC Planner's guide (LPG) is to assist planners at all levels in identifying the critical factors that must be considered in order to successfully accomplish all operations within the operational categories of low intensity conflict. The LPG is based on the results of the LIC planning considerations study (LPCS) which was initiated to identify critical factors that may play a role in any of the four LIC categories. The LPG contains definitions of both LIC operational categories (LOC) and LIC functional areas (LFA) as well as a matrix which allows the reader to quickly cross-check which LFA and tasks are associated with LIC operations.

This handbook was written to provide a simple and convenient reference for Design to Cost responsibilities, functions, and concepts. It is a summary of salient points selected from Army Regulations, AMC Supplements, and other pertinent documents. It is intended to provide a general introduction to the Design to Cost program and how it operates. The Design to Cost Handbook presents an overview of the Design to Cost Program at the U.S. Army Troop Support Command, St. Louis, MO. This program is typical of the Army MSC programs in general. Specific topics covered include- Definition of Design to Cost, Purpose, Application, Participation, Design to Cost Focal Point, Design to Cost Review Boards and Procedures, DTC Waivers and Reports, DTC Regulations and Guidance, AMC Design to Cost Manager, Courses Relating to Design to Cost, Glossary of Terms, Bibliography. Keywords: Design to cost (DTC), Program manager, Project/product manager, Life cycle cost, Design to unit production cost, Design to operating and support cost, Baseline cost estimate (BCE), Contractor work breakdown structure (CWBS), Cost, Cost avoidance, Cost categories, Cost element structure (CES), Cost estimating relationships (CER), Cost initiatives, Cost reduction, Cost risk, Cost trend analysis, Design to cost action plan, Design to cost implementation plan, Design to cost status report, Targets, Tradeoff studies, Integrated logistics support, Cost tracking, Milestones, Program sponsor, Operating and support cost, Tradeoff activity, Unit production cost. (kj)

A changing threat, increased competition for scarce funding, and differing perceptions of the role of tomorrow's military may radically change the way the Air Force is structured and employed by the turn of the century. Sound doctrine could be the cornerstone for the Air Forces response to the future. Chapter I begins by examining definitions of doctrine, tracing its history, analyzing the three sources of doctrine and its purposes,and identifying shortfalls in each category. The next chapter, while reviewing the Air Force's doctrine development process, asserts that air power doctrine has not been developed through a rigorous process. It needs to be. Chapter III explains where the responsibility for air power doctrine has been, where it is today, and where it should be. Next, Chapter IV confirms that the Air Force sustains, trains, and equips along doctrine lines. The assessment shows, however, the Air Force lacking in organizing according to current doctrine. Finally, Chapter V highlights some controversial doctrine areas of combat support, close air support, and space.

BOOLEAN algebra was used to develop a fluid logic circuit to control a tree seedling planter. A computer synthesis technique which results in logic circuit equations is presented. Use of a programmable controller for simulation is also discussed.

THREE additives were applied to seed cotton in the feed control system at the gin to determine the effect of additives on card room dust levels in the textile mill. These data indicate the feasibility of applying additives at the gin for dust control and the effect of additive type, add-on level and seed cotton drying level on control of dust.

Several milestones have been reached in GaAs research. The first active GaAs device, a 1 micrometers channel width MESFET, has been made at Columbia. This device is a basic building block in the GaAs CCD program. GaAs surface studies have also born fruit. UV light has been found to oxidize rapidly the surface of GaAs in an UHV environment containing traces of water vapor and O2. The mechanism appears to be related to the generation of hot photocarriers. Keywords: Gallium arsenide devices, Ultraviolet radiation, Photocarriers, Diode lasers, Molecule dynamics, Atom dynamics, Polyatomic bath modes, Energy transfer, Liquid surfaces.

This report is an investigation to determine the effects of corrosion inhibitors on the lubricity of different types of fuels. The lubricity level of each fuel sample was measured using the Interav Ball-on-Cylinder Tester. The three most common inhibitors currently used by the Air Force (herein referred to as Corrosion Inhibitors C1, C2 and C3) were tested in petroleum and shale JP-4, JP-8 and isopar with and without other additives present. 'Normalization' procedures were used to evaluate inhibitor effectiveness relative to the wear scar of clay-treated fuels. Other additives were found to have effects on lubricity of fuel with corrosion inhibitor. Temperature variations of 13 degrees C had only a slight effect on fuel lubricity. Keywords: Jet fuel.

A detailed analysis of 26 Take Home Packages was conducted to assess the feasibility of determining specific training needs and to link needs directly to Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) tasks. Performance Trends for the Maneuver Operating System showed consistent strengths and weaknesses in unit performance. The lack of standardization in topics commented on was identified as a problem. The Operating System structure made translation to an ARTEP structure difficult. Recommendations were made for restructuring the Take Home Package and for standardizing observations. Keywords: National Training Center (NTC), Take Home Package (THP), Performance measurement.

This report concerns the review and Evaluation criteria for management of the US Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command (DARCOM) portion of the U.S. Army's Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. Current and planned reporting and Management Information Systems used for FMS management were reviewed and recommendations made for the use of a Series of customer satisfaction and program magnitude Management Indicators.

The findings of recent tests on aged and used nylon parachutes are reviewed with respect to service life limits and to implications as to the technical nature of the degradation problem. The data tend to confirm that the current 10 year or 100 jump limits and related repair cost limit schedules do not present a hazard. However, the scatter and contrasts of results make questionable the validity of small samplings and extended predictions. No consistent and pervasive trends were found to be directly related to time in storage or service, or to jump history except for initial mechanical effects on suspension lines. The results evidenced marked differences in the specific susceptibilities of various materials, and a number of degrading influences and types of effects on physical properties. It is concluded that a wide distribution of strength levels is to be expected in older parachute populations, and that the risk problem is with the exceptional cases rather than with the average condition. A number of possible chemical and structural change mechanisms are discussed.

An investigation was made of the mechanical shock resistance of K- Monel full-body studs set in HY-80 steel under various conditions. Strain gages mounted on the stud shanks were used to measure dynamic loading. Elastic nylon- insert monel stop nuts were used throughout the test. The data indicated that for the conditions of the test Locktite-coated 3A-3B threads are equal in shock resistance to uncoated 5A-5B threads, and that the elastic stop nuts are reusable after repeated shock.

This study has revealed that a vehicle can be produced to meet all essential requirements specified in the QMR for a new 1/4-ton truck, with the exception of reliability. Reliability as stated in the QMR is unrealistically high and beyond the present state of the art. There will be some reduction of land mobility due to the floating capability requirements. The cost of the floatable vehicle would be higher than the desired target cost by 46%. An austere vehicle can be produced for the desired target cost of $1900, but this vehicle would not be the most effective vehicle for its initial and operational cost. The vehicle determined the most suitable by this study does not differ greatly from the present M151.

An investigation was made of the feasibility of CAI for Navy technical training. The computer system used was the IBM 1500 system. The curriculum was taken from Basic Electricity/Electronics School. Five CAI modules were developed which could replace 92 hours of the class curriculum. CAI provided very effective and efficient instruction. CAI students scored higher than class-instructed students on School Examinations as well as Supplemental tests, and required about 45% less training time. Student attitudes were quite favorable to CAI. A complete CAI data management and course revision methodology was developed in this project. Revisions using this methodology resulted in marked improvements in instruction. A number of new developments were made in branching technology for use in remediation, training, drill and practice, and review. Incorporation of these developments into CAI lessons was shown to produce substantial reductions in training time. Although the CAI training was very effective, the 1500 system is not economically feasible for training in basic electronics because of the limitation of 32 terminals and its relatively high cost.