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The business environment is becoming a yardstick for assessment of local governments in China, and thus the question of how to evaluate the business environment of urban agglomerations has become an important new issue. This paper proposes a quantitative method for the assessment of business environments in urban agglomerations for purposes of city ranking. First, a business environment evaluation index system for urban agglomerations, including the four dimensions of market, government, law, and humanistic, was established. Second, A hybrid model combined entropy weight method (EWM), genetic algorithm (GA), and back propagation (BP) neural network was constructed to quantise the business environment. Then, the Chengdu-Chongqing and Beibu Gulf urban agglomerations in China, the two most important urban agglomerations of the new western land-sea corridor, were selected as cast study. The results are as follows: (1) The business environments of the two most important urban agglomerations of the new western land-sea corridor have been improved, but the differences between them are significant. The level of development of the business environment of Chengdu-Chongqing is higher than that of Beibu Gulf; specifically, the biggest gap is of the rule of law environment. The gap in the governmental business environment is the smallest. (2) From 2015 to 2020, the difference in business environment between the two most important urban agglomerations in the new western land-sea corridor decreased. However, intra-group differences were the largest. (3) The spatial pattern of the business environment in the new western land-sea corridor shows a "northwest-southeast" distribution, with the center of gravity of the business environment moving to the southeast from 2015 to 2020. (4) Compared with focusing on the development of the business environment in large cities, promoting the business environment in small and medium-sized cities has a more significant effect on improving the business environment in urban agglomerations. • A quantification method is proposed. • Business environment in the corridor is uneven. • Small cities should develop firstly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]