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Background: Chest ultrasound (US) and color Doppler sonography play important roles in the diagnosis and charac-terization of different pathologies of peripheral lung lesions, especially in the emergency setting. Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to assess the role of chest US and Doppler examination in the assessment of peripheral lung lesions in comparison with chest CT, which is the gold standard for chest diagnosis. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 120 patients who underwent chest CT examination, full chest US, and Doppler. Results were assessed blindly and compared with CT. Results: The main lung lesions assessed by US and Doppler were lung collapse, consolidation, interstitial lung changes, and peripheral pulmonary nodules, with the estimated sensi-tivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of detection ranging from 63.9%-76.9%, 94%-95%, 79.2%-95%, 85.9%-91.5%, and 85%-93.3% re-spectively. There was a significant correlation between US and Doppler in comparison with CT. Conclusion: Chest US proved its value as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions, with high specificity and accuracy. This finding was enforced by Doppler, history, and clinical suspicion, although the use of CT to obtain the final diagnosis would be more applicable.

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) is a severe form neurological disorder of age-related epileptic encephalopathy. Characteristically, it presents with tonic spasms within the first 3 months of life. The spasms can be generalized or focal and hemi-convulsions, it can be in clusters or singly which occur hundreds of times per day, not related to sleep cycle, leading to psychomotor impairment and death. Some cases of EIEE are due to metabolic disorders or brain malformations that may or not be genetic in origin. The genetic origin of EIEE are usually related to brain dysgenesis or neuronal dysfunction. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-39 (EIEE39) is a result of homozygous mutation in the SLC25A12 gene (603667) on chromosome 2q31. Here it was described a homozygous nonsense variant of the SLC25A12 gene in our 7 years old child, which was not reported in the literature so far.

Background Coronary artery disease is the most important cause of death in industrialized countries. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important modifiable risk factors of coronary artery disease. It increases the risk of coronary artery disease by 2 to 4-fold. Interestingly, this increased risk is not confined to patients with DM, but non-diabetic patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) also may have an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications. Moreover, increased admission glucose levels may be related to a higher mortality rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), regardless of diabetic status. Objective To assess the prognostic impact of admission HbA1c in patients without known diabetes mellitus who were admitted with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction, on outcome of 1ry PCI and short-term outcome of adverse cardiac events. Material and Methods This is an observational, this study was conducted at Coronary care unit & coronary catheterization lab unit of cardiology department in Ain Shams University & specialized hospitals. The study period was 6 months (From 1-9-2018 till 1-3-2019). Results 100 patients without prior diagnosis of DM were included in our study population Three categories of patients were created according to HbA1c level: Group 1 (< 5.7%): 46 patients (46%); Group 2 (5.5 to 6.4%): 38patients (38%); Group 3 (>6.5%): 16 patients (16%). Baseline characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. The mean age of our sample was 55.06 ± 11.73 years and 96% were males. There was highly statistically significant difference found between DM groups regarding SYNTAX score with P-value (0.002) & another highly significant difference in EF between the 3 groups. Conclusion The present study showed that admission higher HbA1c level in non-diabetic patients presented by acute STEMI is associated with more severe CAD, lower rate of complete revascularization TIMI 3, and higher incidence of adverse cardiac events and mortality. Introducing measurement of HbA1c in the CCU seems to be a simple method to obtain important information on mortality risk.

The utilization of solar energy sources is done by using photovoltaic (solar panels). The energy emitted by the sun is fluctuating. This change in radiation energy will also affect the output of solar panels. The relationship of change is what will be measured, observed and proven in this study. The observations are made using a gauge called the solar power meter, where this device can read the amount of solar radiation energy in the W/m2 unit. While the output to be measured is the output power generated by the solar panel itself. Measurement in this study was done using two modes; i. e. stationary mode and tracking mode. The stationary mode is done by placing the solar panel face with slope and azimuth in a predetermined direction, while the tracking mode is to place the solar panel face exactly 90° to the sun. Evidently by placing the solar panels to keep the sun coming up, it can achieve efficiency up to 14.1 % compared to stationing solar panels stationed 75° to the north which can only achieve efficiency of 13.7 %.

Many decisions are made daily based on the simple mental processing. This way of decision making is suitable for the simple personal daily issues. But when decisions are concerned with general and sensitive sectors, this way of decision making is unacceptable. Nowadays, Geospatial Information Systems help in making more accurate decisions in a lot of sections that would be built on accurate information by way of drawing maps and visualizing data to clearly judge which option is the best for that particular situation. This paper raises a framework that integrates the Geospatial Information Systems with the Hybrid Cloud Computing to let them work together and get greater powerful benefits via applying the concept of cloud computing to overcome the flaws related to the desktop GIS including the huge startup cost and the storage capacity and to provide the feature of location independence accessibility where the GIS can be accessed from anywhere and anytime. The hybrid cloud computing was picked to be integrated with the GIS to gain the elasticity and security of dealing with different types of data; private and public data. This integration is presented in three dimensions. The first one is architecture with seven segments that illustrate the main structure for the Hybrid Cloud GIS within a mix of private environment and public environment. The second one is the types of the participants and their workflow within the two environments. The last dimension is a case study for applying this integration in the health sector in Egypt.

Floodways, where a road embankment is permitted to be overtopped by flood water, are usually designed as broad-crested weirs. Determination of the water level above the floodway is crucial and related to road safety. Hydraulic performance of floodways can be assessed numerically using 1-D modelling or 3-D simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages. Turbulence modelling is one of the key elements in CFD simulations. A wide variety of turbulence models are utilized in CFD packages; in order to identify the most relevant turbulence model for the case in question, 96 3-D CFD simulations were conducted using Flow-3D package, for 24 broad-crested weir configurations selected based on experimental data from a previous study. Four turbulence models (one-equation, k-e , RNG k-e , and k-ω ) ere examined for each configuration. THe volume of fluid (VOF) algorithm was adopted for free water surface determination. In addition, 24 1-D simulations using HEC-RAS-1-D were conducted for comparison with CFD results and experimental data. Validation of the simulated water free surface profiles versus the experimental measurements was carried out by the evaluation of the mean absolute error, the mean relative error percentage, and the root mean square error. It was concluded that the minimum error in simulating the full upstream to downstream free surface profile is achieved by using one-equation turbulence model with mixing length equal to 7% of the smallest domain dimension. Nevertheless, for the broad-crested weir upstream section, no significant difference in accuracy was found between all turbulence models and the onedimensional analysis results, due to the low turbulence intensity at this part. For engineering design purposes, in which the water level is the main concern at the location of the flood way, the one-dimensional analysis has sufficient accuracy to determine the water level. Keywords: broad-crested weirs, floodway, turbulence, free surface ow, Flow-3D, CFD, VOF, HEC-RAS

Recent trends aim at efficient and sustainable cooling strategies for machining hard-to-cut materials. This research is concerned with combining cryogenic cooling and minimum quantity lubrication to benefit from their respective cooling and lubrication capabilities. Fundamental understanding of the flow characteristics of the two jets, their interaction, and relative position was carried out using experimentally validated CFD and FE modelling of the cutting zone. The performance of the optimized hybrid system was evaluated experimentally and compared to flood, high pressure and cryogenic cooling in machining of Ti-alloys. Results showed an improvement in tool life when using the optimized hybrid cooling technique.

Endosulfan is an insecticide from the organochlorine group which was last banned in Indonesia in 2013. Endosulfan is very effective in controlling for organisms pest management and is widely used, including for controlling pest of shallot plants. The objective of the research to determine the distribution of endosulfan residues that has been carried out in three villages representing intensive shallot planting areas in Brebes Regency. The three villages were Wanasari, Siasem, and Pebatan in Wanasari sub-District. Soil sampling was carried out in June-July 2019. The prediction area of the residual endosulfan distribution in the research was 1,853 ha. The analysis of endosulfan residues was carried out in the integrated laboratory of the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, using the QuECheRS method. From 14 soil sampling points, eleven of them were detected containing endosulfan residues exceeding Maximum Residues Limit (MRLs) of 0.0085 mg kg−1. The distribution of endosulfan residues was mapping using the spline interpolation method and divided into five categories very low, low, medium, high, very high. Interpolation showed 68.47% of the land experienced very high endosulfan residual pollution (>0.0117 mg kg−1). These results showed that pollute agricultural land need to get priority on land remediation for sustainable agriculture.

Fretting fatigue and wear problems have major economical and safety impact on the nuclear industry. This keynote paper provides examples of the fretting problems encountered in nuclear power stations and an overview of the methodologies used to assess their root cause, their potential effect on the integrity of structural components and the future damage projection for risk management. The limitations of existing models that are commonly used to predict fretting wear rate are discussed. A system approach to the fretting wear/fatigue problem allowed us to significantly improve the capability of predicting fretting damage through the recognition of the problem nonlinearity, and the effect of self-induced changes. The application of linear elastic fracture mechanics principles for predicting the fretting wear and fretting fatigue strength is demonstrated. The paper underlines the critical roles of the following two factors. First, the validation of the above mentioned methodologies, through experimental investigation of the long-term fretting wear and fatigue behavior of structural components under realistic operating conditions. Second, the qualification of in -situ measurements of fretting wear damage using nondestructive evaluation NDE and inspection methods.

Proper design and reliable operation of nuclear power generating plants require accurate prediction of fretting wear failure criteria, which include the volumetric wear losses, the maximum wear depth and minimum root radius of the scar. A unique three-axis fretting wear test facility was developed to simulate the in-plane and out-of-plane dynamic characteristics of the bearing pad/pressure tube tribo-system. The fretting wear of Zr–2.5% Nb alloy at 265 °C was investigated. The results showed that the specific wear rate coefficient decreases with the increase of work rate, and is not constant as it is commonly assumed. The increase in the maximum wear depth with the accumulated wear energy was shown to be approximated by a second-order polynomial function. The correlation between the maximum wear depth hmax and the minimum root radius Rr, has been established, an aspect that has never been investigated before. Examination of the fret scars showed that they can be classified into three types. When the ratio hmax/ R r was correlated to hmax, the data are contained within a well-defined bell-shaped envelope, which resembles the normal distribution curve.

A fracture mechanics model has been developed to estimate the fretting fatigue strength and the service life of structural components. Integrated in this model is a contact problem solver that is automated to deal with the geometric and material nonlinearities of the problem. A three-dimensional interface element was developed to model the constitutive laws of the interface. The results demonstrated the capability of the model to predict the conditions under which small fretting-induced fatigue cracks are arrested. The model was validated by predicting the S-N curves produced experimentally for Inconel 600 at high temperature. The prediction of the fretting fatigue limit was found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results.

Studying the flow patterns and behaviour of double baffled gates under different flow heads is important to improve their performance, which could help in widening the range of their application. In the present study, physical and numerical investigations were conducted on the double baffled gate. A 3D Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter (ADV) was used for laboratory measurements of the instantaneous velocity fields in the physical gate model. In parallel with this, the CFD Fluent package was adopted to carry out a sensitivity analysis for a matrix of geometric parameters of the double baffled gate. The outcomes of the laboratory and CFD numerical investigations were incorporated in a spreadsheet with the purpose of informing the design of double baffled gates under conditions of non-submergence.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of the vaccine-preventable diseases caused by varicella, measles, rubella, and hepatitis A and B viruses in a multinational healthcare workforce. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. A 750-bed tertiary care center located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods. In compliance with hospital policy, newly recruited healthcare workers (HCWs) were enrolled in the study from September 2001 to March 2005. Serum samples were collected from all HCWs during the initial hiring process and tested for IgG antibodies against each of the 5 viral agents. Nonimmune HCWs were subsequently vaccinated at the earliest opportunity. Results. A total of 4,006 newly hired (international and local) employees were included in the study. All underwent serologic testing for IgG antibodies against varicella, measles, rubella, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B viruses. Of the total, 63% were female and 37% were male. Middle Eastern employees comprised 47% of the total, followed by employees from the Far East (35%), the West (10%), and Africa (8%). Forty-two percent were nurses, 27% were in administration, 18% were medical technicians, and 13% were physicians. Among the 4,006 newly hired HCWs, 14% had negative IgG antibody test results for varicella virus, 13% for measles virus, 10% for rubella virus, 33% for hepatitis A virus, and 43% for hepatitis B virus. More women than men were susceptible to hepatitis A (40% vs. 24%; P< .001), whereas more men were susceptible to hepatitis B (55% vs. 35%; P< .001). Varicella susceptibility was more common among HCWs from the Far East (19%), whereas susceptibility to measles, rubella, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B was highest among HCWs from the Middle East. Both relative youth and male sex were associated with lack of antibodies against hepatitis B virus and rubella virus. In contrast, female sex and younger age were associated with lack of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (P< .001). Conclusion. Seroprevalence surveys of vaccine-preventable diseases among HCWs, although labor intensive, are invaluable in caring for a multinational workforce.

A new technique for investigation of the electrical effects of micropipes in single-crystal 6H-SiC is presented. The setup allows the application of a parallel or normal electric field to MSM (metal-semiconductor-metal) test structures and the visualization of light emission sites in the test gap, including light activity underneath the metal contact. A special transparent metal [indium-tin-oxide(ITO)] was chosen for the metallic contacts. A map of micropipe locations was initially obtained at zero applied field using a laser scattering method. The initial map is compared with that of light emissions at different applied fields.Several tests on undoped and vanadium-doped (compensated) SiC, using NiCr/Au or ITO contacts, indicated the rapid activation of micropipes at relatively low fields in vertical MSM devices. A good match between the laser imaging map of micropipes at zero field and the map of field-induced light emission sites indicates that micropipes are the main current paths in vertical devices, carrying a large current density, and leading to light emissions and partial or total bulk breakdown of the test device.

An experimental histopathological and histochemical work carried out in thirty guinea-pigs of an average weight of 475 gm. receiving oestrogen in the form of ethynyl oestradiol in a dose of 10 microgram/animal/day and aiming at a study of the effects of oestrogen on the respiratory nasal mucosa. The histopathalogical lesions of the respiratory nasal mucosa were in the form of squamous metaplasia and spongiosis of the lining epithelium, with oedema of the underlying corium, glandular hyperplasia submucosal cellular infiltration, increased vascularity and some vascular changes in the form of endothelial proliferation with intimal thickening. Histochemical enzymatic alterations were in the form of increased succinic dehydrogenase activity in the epithelium as well as in the hyperplastic submucous glands, intensified reaction of the acid phosphatase in the cells of the corium, and the appearance of alkaline phosphatase activity in the apical parts of the cells lining the glands, indicating increased secretory activity. All the changes obtained in the histopathological and histochemical studies can be attributed to hormonal stimulation of the nasal mucosa.The histopathological and histochemical effects of 10 mcg/day of eth inyl estradiol (EE) on the nasal respiratory mucosa were studied in 30 female guinea pigs. Histopathological changes observed after treatment were: 1) squamous metaplasia, 2) spongcosis and edema of the corium, 3) glandular hyperplasia, 4) cellular infiltrations, 5) increased vascularity, and 6) vascular changes in the form of endothelial proliferation with intimal thickening. The observed histochemical changes were: 1) increased succinic dehydrogenase activity in the epithelium and hyperplastic submucous glands, 2) an intensified reaction of acid phosphatase activity in the cells of the corium, and 3) alkaline phosphatase activity in the apical areas of the cells lining the glands. All of the observed changes are attributed to the stimulation of the nasal mucosa by EE.