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Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de sarcopenia de acordo com as categorias de índice de massa corporal (IMC) em mulheres com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico assistidas por um hospital de ensino de Maceió, Alagoas. Métodos: Análise transversal com pacientes selecionadas por conveniência, que incluiu dados socioeconômicos, demográficos, clínicos, antropométricos e de sarcopenia. A avaliação antropométrica incluiu IMC, circunferências corpóreas, pregas cutâneas, análise de bioimpedância e percentual de gordura. A sarcopenia foi avaliada segundo os critérios diagnósticos propostos pelo European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-EWGSOP (2019), que inclui um protocolo de triagem SARC-F, a força muscular, a quantidade muscular e o desempenho físico. Foi aplicado o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotando nível de significância de p < 0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: 62,8% das mulheres apresentaram excesso de peso, seguidas de 32,5% com eutrofia e 4,6% com desnutrição. Não foi detectada sarcopenia em nossa amostra. Contudo a triagem SARC-F apontou 17,5% possíveis casos de sarcopenia, enquanto 21,4% das pacientes tiveram provável sarcopenia de acordo com o critério de baixa força de preensão manual (FPM). Ainda, uma parcela da amostra apresentou redução de desempenho físico, sem diferenças estatísticas de acordo com as categorias de IMC. Ainda, 66,6% das mulheres com provável sarcopenia e todas aquelas triadas pelo SARC-F para sarcopenia, apresentaram excesso de peso. Conclusão: O desempenho, a força muscular diminuída e o elevado excesso de peso são alertas para a diminuição de funcionalidade muscular, ficando claro a necessidade do cuidado precoce desta população, bem como adaptações do instrumento avaliativo de sarcopenia para o LES.

Objective:The aim of the current study is to assess the validity and reproducibility of a FFQ focused on pregnant women living in Northeastern Brazil.Design:Three 24-hour-dietary recalls (24 hR) and two FFQ were applied at 15-d intervals between research stages in order to confirm the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ. Validity assessment was based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) or Spearman’s correlation coefficient (SCC) between FFQ and the mean of three 24 hR (the 24 hR was used as reference standard), whereas reproducibility assessment was based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) among FFQ, and P < 0·05 was set as significance level.Setting:Public health network of a capital city in Northeastern Brazil.Participants:Overall, 100 pregnant women were included in the study.Results:The PCC or SCC adopted in the validity analysis recorded the recommended values (from 0·4 and 0·7) for energy (0·44; P < 0·001), carbohydrate (0·40; P < 0·001), vitamins B2 (0·40; P < 0·001), B5 (0·40; P < 0·001), E (0·47; P < 0·001), B12 (0·48; P < 0·001), phosphorus (0·92; P < 0·001), Mg (0·81; P < 0·001), Se (0·70; P < 0·001), cholesterol (0·64; P < 0·001), saturated (0·76; P < 0·001), polyunsaturated (0·73; P < 0·001) and monounsaturated fats (0·87; P < 0·001) and fibres (0·77; P < 0·001). Mg (0·72; P < 0·001), Fe (0·65; P < 0·001), lipid (0·56; P < 0·001) and energy (0·55; P < 0·001) presented ICC within the recommended reproducibility values.Conclusions:The FFQ developed in the current study is a useful tool to assess the usual food intake of pregnant women.

Introdução: Estudos têm demonstrado que gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia (PE) apresentam maiores alterações no perfil lipídico quando comparadas a gestantes sem a doença, o que pode levar a desfechos perinatais adversos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a prevalência de dislipidemia em gestantes com PE e sua relação com desfechos perinatais adversos. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em uma capital do Nordeste do Brasil, em 2017, com gestantes com PE e seus recém-nascidos por meio da aplicação de formulário padronizado para coleta de dados socioeconômicos, obstétricos, estilo de vida, antropométricos e perinatais e avaliação do perfil lipídico [colesterol total (TC), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e triglicerídeos (TG)]. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar a associação da dislipidemia (variável de desfecho) com a presença de desfechos perinatais (variáveis independentes), quando a magnitude das associações foi expressa em razão de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), com p

Background and aims To analyze the prevalence of hyperferritinemia in pregnant women with preeclampsia and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out in 2017 with a convenience sample of pregnant women with preeclampsia attended at a high-risk maternity hospital in Alagoas, Brazil. Socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical and biochemical data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Type of delivery, gestational age, weight and length at birth, and Apgar score were analyzed as outcome variables. Women were dichotomized according to the serum ferritin level (150 ng/mL). Poisson regression models were used to analyze the effect of hyperferritinemia on the outcome variables. Estimates were presented as prevalence ratio with 95% confidence intervals (PR [95% CI]). Results Based on the Fisher’s exact statistical teste and in the proportions of the neonatal outcome (birth weight), with a statistical significance of 5%, the statistical power of the sample studied was 83%. Two hundred six pregnant women with preeclampsia were recruited, which 8.74% presented hyperferritinemia. Except for ferritin level, there were no differences in C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) and Pyruvic Glutamic Transaminase (PGT) levels between women with or without hyperferritinemia. After adjusting for potential confounders, hyperferritinemia was associated with low birth weight (2.19 [2.13–3.89 95%CI]), low birth length (7.76 [2.52–23.8 95% CI]) and being born small for gestational age (3.14 [1.36–7.28 95% CI]). Conclusion In the presence of hyperferritinemia, preeclampsia patients were associated with a higher rate of unfavorable neonatal outcomes.

Objective. To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pregnant women with PE and a group of women without the disease, through the application of a standardized questionnaire. After delivery, umbilical cord samples were collected to measure antioxidant defense, products from oxidative damage, and inflammation biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0, adopting a 95% confidence level ( α = 0.05 ), with the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and the multinomial and Poisson regression tests. Results. One hundred PE pregnant women and 50 women without the disease were studied. The umbilical cords from PE pregnancies showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) ( p ≤ 0.001 ), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ( p = 0.016 ), and malondialdehyde (MDA) ( p = 0.028 ) and lower levels of IL-6 ( p = 0.030 ) and TNF-α ( p ≤ 0.001 ) than the other group, with some associations among these biomarkers with perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. The higher levels of GSH and GPx, in addition to the lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, found in the PE umbilical cord, may result from adaptive mechanisms to maintain the oxidative and inflammatory balance; however, despite these changes, the damage to the cell membranes was not minimized, as the MDA level was higher in women with PE than in women without the disease. This implies that a redox imbalance is present, confirming that other physiological and adaptive mechanisms are being activated to preserve foetal health. Therefore, the present work unveils an important role of the umbilical cord in controlling redox imbalance and inflammation in PE pregnancies. Our results reinforce the necessity for continuous research on GSH as a protective compound for the perinatal outcome, especially in PE women.

Objectives: to compare the adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies of adolescents and elderly women of public health network. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with pregnant women at the extremes of reproductive age according to the classification of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (adolescents those aged ≤19 years and those who were older than 35 years) and their newborns. Socioeconomic data (income, schooling, occupation and marital status), as well as clinical (diseases), anthropometric (maternal BMI) and perinatal (gender, weight, length, Apgar and gestational age) data were collected, and Poisson regression in hierarchical model was performed, with the results in Ratio of Prevalence (PR) and its respective Confidence Interval at 95% (95% CI). Results: when comparing adolescent and elderly women, 38.7% vs 54.6% (PR=0.71, CI=0.54-0.94, p=0.002) were observed, respectively, cesarean deliveries; 37.8% vs 25.2% (PR=0.83, CI=0.58-1.19, p=0.332) preterm births; 16.6% vs 20.5% (RP=1.07, CI=0.78-1.46, p=0.666) births of small infants for gestational age (SGA); 18.0% vs 15.3% (RP=1.01, CI=0.69-1.47, p=0.948) births of large-for-gestational-age newborns (LGA); 32.2% vs 34.7% (RP=1.08, CI=0.82-1.42, p=0.578), low birth weight infants and 28.5% vs 42.9% (RP=1.18, CI=0.91-1.54, p=0.201) with high birth length. Conclusions: When compared with adolescent women, pregnant women of advanced age presented a higher frequency of cesarean deliveries. Resumo Objetivos: comparar os resultados perinatais adversos em gestações de adolescentes e mulheres em idade avançada de rede pública de saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com gestantes nos extremos de idade reprodutiva segundo classificação do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (adolescentes aquelas com idade ≤19 anos e em idade avançada aquelas com idade ≥35 anos) e seus recém-nascidos. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos (renda, escolaridade, ocupação e situação conjugal), clínicos (presença de doenças), antropométricos (IMC materno) e perinatais (sexo, peso, comprimento, Apgar e idade gestacional), e realizada regressão de Poisson em modelo hie-rarquizado, com resultados em Razão de Prevalência (RP) e respectivo Intervalo de Confiança a 95% (IC95%). Resultados: quando comparadas gestantes adolescentes e aquelas em idade avançada, foram observados, respectivamente: 38,7% vs 54,6% (RP=0,71; IC=0,54-0,94; p=0,002) partos cesarianos; 37,8% vs 25,2% (RP=0,83; IC=0,58-1,19; p=0,332) nascimentos de pré-termos; 16,6% vs 20,5% (RP=1,07; IC=0,78-1,46; p=0,666) nascimentos de recém-nascidos pequenos para idade gestacional; 18,0% vs 15,3% (RP=1,01; IC=0,69-1,47; p=0,948) nascimentos de recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional; 32,2% vs 34,7% (RP=1,08; IC=0,82-1,42; p=0,578)recém-nascidos com baixo peso ao nascer e28,5% vs 42,9% (RP=1,18; IC=0,91-1,54; p=0,201) com comprimento elevado ao nascer. Conclusões: as gestantes em idade avançada quando comparadas com as adolescentes apresentaram maior frequência de partos cesarianos.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medicine widely used to treat paracetamol overdose and as a mucolytic compound. It has a well-established safety profile, and its toxicity is uncommon and dependent on the route of administration and high dosages. Its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity is the biochemical basis used to treat several diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The primary role of NAC as an antioxidant stems from its ability to increase the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH), which is the most crucial biothiol responsible for cellular redox imbalance. As an anti-inflammatory compound, NAC can reduce levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β) by suppressing the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Despite NAC’s relevant therapeutic potential, in several experimental studies, its effectiveness in clinical trials, addressing different pathological conditions, is still limited. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the medicinal effects and applications of NAC to human health based on current therapeutic evidence.

Objective To compare redox and inflammatory markers between normal and PE-derived placentas and to evaluate the relationship between placental redox imbalance markers and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with PE. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the maternity hospital of a university hospital in Maceio-Alagoas, Brazil, in 2017, including women diagnosed with PE and healthy pregnant women and their conceptuses. After screening, standardized questionnaires containing socioeconomic, clinical, obstetric and anthropometric data were applied. After delivery, placental samples were collected for quantification of biomarkers of redox imbalance (catalase – CAT; malondialdehyde – MDA; hydrogen peroxide – H2O2; superoxide dismutase – SOD; reduced glutathione – GSH; oxidized glutathione – GSSG; and their ratio – GSH/GSSG) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase – MPO; interleukin (IL)-6; IL-8; IL-10; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha – TNF-α). All biomarkers were evaluated via linear regression with adjustments of variables with measures of weight, length, head circumference (HC), chest circumference (CC) and gestational age of newborns at birth, considering p Results A total of 100 pregnant women with PE and 50 healthy pregnant women were studied. Higher placental levels of catalase (p = 0.018), SOD (p = 0.031), the GSH/GSSG ratio (p = 0.019) and IL-6 (p = 0.010) and lower GSSG (p = 0.001) were observed in pregnant women with PE than in the control group. Positive associations between placental GSH levels and body weight, HC, CC and gestational age at birth (p Conclusion PE-derived placentas had high concentrations of some antioxidants (enzymes and thiols), which might be a compensation mechanism against oxidative stress. Placental GSH levels were the only biomarker, among the studied ones, related positively with beneficial perinatal outcomes, suggesting that this endogenous antioxidant plays an important role in maintaining the health of the conceptus and women with PE.

Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with the birth of small for gestational age (SGA)infants, in a Northeastern Brazilian capital. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 331 pregnant women and their newborns attending the public health network in the city of Maceió, in 2014. Maternal antenatal data were collected (socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical and nutritional) as well as data of the newborns (gestational age, mode of delivery, sex, birth weight and length), after delivery. Birth weight was classified according to the INTERGROWTH-21st curves, being considered SGA those below the 10th percentile according to gestational age and gender. The results were analyzed by Poisson regression using a hierarchical model and were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). Results: it was verified that 5.1% of the newborns were SGA. Regarding the associated factors, after adjustment of the hierarchical model, the variable working outside the home was associated with the endpoint studied [PR = 0.14; (CI95% = 0.02-0.75); p=0.022]. Conclusions: it was verified a low frequency of SGA infants in the evaluated population. The fact that the mother works outside the home proved to be a protective factor for this condition. Resumo Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados ao nascimento de recém-nascidos pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG), em uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 331 gestantes e seus recém-nascidos atendidos na rede pública de saúde do município de Maceió, em 2014. Foi realizada a coleta de dados maternos antes do parto (socioeconômicos, de estilo de vida, clínicos e nutricionais) e após o parto os dados dos recém-nascidos (idade gestacional no momento do parto, via de parto, sexo, peso e comprimento ao nascer). O peso ao nascer foi classificado segundo as curvas do INTERGROWTH-21st, sendo considerados PIG aqueles abaixo do percentil 10 de acordo com a idade gestacional e o sexo. Os resultados foram analisados por regressão de Poisson, com emprego de modelo hierarquizado, sendo expressos como razões de prevalência [RP] e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: foi constatado que 5,1% dos recém-nascidos eram PIG. Quanto aos fatores associados, após ajuste do modelo hierarquizado, permaneceu-se associada ao desfecho estudado a variável trabalhar fora do lar [RP=0,14; (IC95%=0,02-0,75); p=0,022]. Conclusões: foi verificada baixa frequência de recém-nascidos PIG na população avaliada. O fato da mãe trabalhar fora do lar mostrou-se como fator protetor para esta condição.

Aims To determine whether oral antioxidant therapies, of various types and doses, are able to prevent or treat women with preeclampsia. Data synthesis The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were: a) randomized clinical trials; b) oral antioxidant supplementation; c) study in pregnant women; d) control group, treated or not with placebo. Papers were excluded if they evaluated antioxidant nutrient supplementation associated with other non-antioxidant therapies. Data were extracted and the risk of bias of each study was assessed. Heterogeneity was analyzed using the Cochran Q test, and I2 statistics and pre-specified sensitivity analyses were performed. Meta-analyses were conducted on prevention and treatment studies, separately. The primary outcome was the incidence of preeclampsia in prevention trials, and of perinatal death in treatment trials. Twenty-nine studies were included in the analysis, 19 for prevention and 10 for treatment. The antioxidants used in these studies were vitamins C and E, selenium, l -arginine, allicin, lycopene and coenzyme Q10, none of which showed beneficial effects on the prevention of preeclampsia (RR: 0.89, CI 95%: [0.79–1.02], P = 0.09; I2 = 39%, P = 0.04) and other outcomes. The antioxidants used in the treatment studies were vitamins C and E, N-acetylcysteine, l -arginine, and resveratrol. A beneficial effect was found in intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusions Antioxidant therapy had no effects in the prevention of preeclampsia but did show beneficial effects in intrauterine growth restriction, when used in the treatment of this condition.

Introdução: A albuminúria é um importante marcador para o aumento da morbimortalidade em obesos e um parâmetro de rastreio para alterações renais precoces. No entanto, poucos estudos associam o impacto da obesidade na albuminúria. Objetivo: Comparar a albuminúria e fatores de risco para doença renal crônica com a obesidade. Métodos: Estudo transversal com obesos, maiores de 18 anos, sem diagnóstico de doença renal crônica, alocados de acordo com o Índice de Massa Corporal, nos grupos A (30-39,99 kg/m² e 40-49 kg/m²) e B (≥50 kg/m² e ≥60kg/m²). A avaliação renal ocorreu através da aferição de albuminúria, ureia e creatinina. Também foram avaliados perfil lipídico, inflamatório e glicêmico. Foram realizados os testes qui-quadrado, t student, Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman, com auxílio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Os resultados foram analisados considerando nível de significância com p40 anos apresentaram maior prevalência de hipertensão. Os níveis séricos diminuídos de HDL e aumentados de PCR quando relacionados ao Índice de Massa Corporal apresentaram p

To assess whether there is a risk of kidney disease during the postpartum period of women who had preeclampsia (PE).Observational trials were searched in the PubMed, Science Direct, Clinical trials, Cochrane, LILACS and Web of Science databases. The data extracted from the studies were systematized, and the risk of bias was evaluated for each of them. Meta-analyses were performed with studies that evaluated chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), pooling the natural logarithms of the adjusted risk measures and the confidence intervals of each study in a random effects model.Of the 4149 studies evaluated, 35 articles were included in the review, of which 3 of the CKD and 6 of the ESRD presented the necessary outcomes to compose the meta-analysis. A formal registration protocol was included in the PROSPERO database (number: CRD42019111821). There was a statistically significant difference between the development of CKD (hazard ratio (HR): 1.82, confidence interval to 95% (95% CI): 1.27-2.62, P 0.01) and ESRD (HR: 3.01, confidence interval to 95% (95% CI): 1.92-4.70, P 0.01) in postpartum women affected by PE.PE was considered a risk factor for the onset of CKD and ESRD in the postpartum period. Thus, more research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association, and to assist in determining the most appropriate and effective clinical conduct to prevent and/or treat such complications.

The occurrence of hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy leads to high rates of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Amongst them, preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common. This review aims to describe the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in PE, aiming to reinforce its importance in the context of the disease and to discuss perspectives on clinical and nutritional treatment, in this line of research. Despite the still incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of PE, it is well accepted that there are placental changes in pregnancy, associated with an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defence system, characterizing the placental oxidative stress that leads to an increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Hence, a generalized inflammatory process occurs, besides the presence of progressive vascular endothelial damage, leading to the dysfunction of the placenta. There is no consensus in the literature on the best strategies for prevention and treatment of the disease, especially for the control of oxidative stress and inflammation. In view of the above, it is evident the important connection between oxidative stress and inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of PE, being that this disease is capable of causing serious implications on both maternal and fetal health. Reports on the use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds are analysed and still considered controversial. As such, the field is open for new basic and clinical research, aiming the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to prevent and to treat PE.

Summary Objective: To analyze the relation of abdominal obesity on cardiovascular risk in individuals seen by a clinic school of nutrition, classifying them based on Framingham score. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted at the nutrition clinic of a private college in the city of Maceió, Alagoas. We included randomly selected adults and elderly individuals with abdominal obesity, of both sexes, treated from August to December of 2009, with no history of cardiomyopathy or cardiovascular events. To determine the cardiovascular risk, the Framingham score was calculated. All analyzes were performed with SPSS software version 20.0, with p

Background Individuals who were born prematurely (PT), with low birth weight (LBW), or small for gestational age (SGA) appear to present a set of permanent changes that make them more susceptible to develop chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) in adult life. Aim Investigating the association between PT birth, LBW or SGA at birth and CNCD incidence in adult life. Methods Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies available in three databases - two of them are official (PubMed and Web of Science) and one is gray literature (OpenGrey) - based on pre-established search and eligibility criteria. Results Sixty-four studies were included in the review, 93.7% of them only investigated one of the exposure variables (46.7% LBW, 35.0% PT and 18.3% SGA at birth), whereas 6.3% investigated more than one exposure variable (50.0% LBW and PT; 50.0% SGA and PT). There was association among all exposure variables in the following outcomes: cardiometabolic (CMD) and glycidic metabolism (GMD) disorders, changes in body composition and risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS). Female sex was identified as risk factor in the exposure-outcome association. Eighteen (18) articles were included in the meta-analysis. There was positive association between LBW and incidence of CMD (OR: 1.25 [95%CI: 1.11; 1.41]; 07 studies), GMD (OR: 1.70 [95%CI: 1.25; 2.30]; 03 studies) and MS (OR: 1.75 [95%CI: 1.27; 2.40]; 02 studies) in adult life. PT was positively associated with CMD (OR: 1.38 [95%CI: 1.27; 1.51]; 05 studies). Conclusions LBW and PT are associated with CMD and GMD development, as well as with the risk of developing MS in adult life.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à ausência de aleitamento materno na alta hospitalar em uma maternidade pública de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado com puérperas sob alta hospitalar assistidas na maternidade do hospital universitário da capital. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RP) e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão de Poisson com emprego de modelo hierarquizado. Aproximadamente 20% das puérperas não estavam amamentando. Hábito tabagista na gravidez [RP = 5,20; (IC95% = 1,75-15,33); p = 0,003]; intercorrências na gestação [RP = 3,50; (IC95% = 1,04-11,77); p = 0,042] e falta de informações sobre aleitamento materno no pré-natal [RP = 5,44; (IC95% = 1,78-16,67); p = 0,003] foram fatores desfavoráveis à amamentação. A prática de aleitamento materno dentro da maternidade está aquém do ideal. Evidencia-se a importância do pré-natal, visando fornecer orientações quanto à prevenção do tabagismo na gestação e aconselhamento sobre aleitamento materno, com atenção especial àquelas puérperas que tiveram intercorrências na gestação. Abstract This article sets out to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with the lack of breastfeeding upon discharge from hospital in a public maternity facility in Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. It involved a cross-sectional study performed with women who had recently given birth at the moment of discharge from the maternity ward of a university hospital in the capital. Prevalence ratios (PR) and confidence intervals of 95% (CI95%) were calculated by Poisson regression with the use of a hierarchical model. Approximately 20% of mothers did not breastfeed. Smoking during pregnancy [PR = 5.20; (CI95% =1.75 to 15.33), p = 0.003]; complications during pregnancy [PR =3.50; (CI95% =1.04 to 11.77), p = 0.042] and insufficient information about breastfeeding during prenatal care [PR = 5.44; (CI95% 1.78 to 16.67); p = 0.003] were the major negative factors associated with the lack of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding in the maternity ward was lower than ideal. Guidelines on smoking prevention and encouragement of breastfeeding must be highlighted during prenatal care, especially for women with complications during pregnancy.

Objective To evaluate the intake of antioxidant nutrients by pregnant women being cared for in the Brazilian public health system and associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with pregnant women cared for in the public health system in the city of Maceió, Brazil, in 2014, including 385 pregnant women and their newborns, and the collection of maternal information (socioeconomic, personal, prenatal, dietary and anthropometric data), and after the babies’ birth (gestational age, birth weight and length). Food intake was assessed by two 24-hour dietary reminders per pregnant woman with subsequent adjustments by the Estimated Average Requirement method. Data were processed and Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate associations, considering p

PURPOSE: To evaluate the factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving public health care in a capital city in Northeastern Brazil.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 428 patients obtained on the basis of the estimated prevalence of anemia during pregnancy (50%), a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), an error of 5% and a sample loss of 20%. Pregnant women who lived in the city and were served by the municipal public health network were considered to be eligible for the study. Socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical and anthropometric data and dietary iron intake were obtained, and capillary hemoglobin was determined. Anemia was identified as a hemoglobin level

Background: Preeclampsia has been associated with several risk factors and events. However, it still deserves further investigation, considering the multitude of related factors that affect different populations. Objective: To evaluate the maternal factors and adverse perinatal outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women with preeclampsia receiving care in the public health network of the city of Maceió. Methods: Prospective cohort study carried out in 2014 in the public health network of the city with a sample of pregnant women calculated based on a prevalence of preeclampsia of 17%, confidence level of 90%, power of 80%, and ratio of 1:1. We applied a questionnaire to collect socioeconomic, personal, and anthropometric data, and retrieved perinatal variables from medical records and certificates of live birth. The analysis was performed with Poisson regression and chi-square test considering p values < 0.05 as significant. Results: We evaluated 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia (PWP) and 90 pregnant women without preeclampsia (PWoP). A previous history of preeclampsia (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.47 - 1.67, p = 0.000) and black skin color (PR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 - 1.33, p = 0.040) were associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Among the newborns of PWP and PWoP, respectively, 12.5% and 13.1% (p = 0.907) were small for gestational age and 25.0% and 23.2% (p = 0.994) were large for gestational age. There was a predominance of cesarean delivery. Conclusion: Personal history of preeclampsia and black skin color were associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. There was a high frequency of birth weight deviations and cesarean deliveries. Resumo Fundamento: A pré-eclâmpsia tem sido associada a vários fatores de risco e eventos. No entanto, esta doença é merecedora de mais investigações, tendo em vista a multiplicidade de fatores relacionados que acometem diferentes populações. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores maternos e os resultados perinatais adversos em uma coorte de gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia da rede pública de saúde de Maceió. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em 2014 na rede pública de saúde do município com uma amostra de gestantes calculada com base na prevalência de pré-eclâmpsia de 17%, nível de confiança de 90%, poder de 80% e razão de 1:1. Foi aplicado um questionário para coleta de dados socioeconômicos, pessoais e antropométricos, e obtidas variáveis perinatais de prontuário e da declaração de nascido vivo. Análise realizada com regressão de Poisson e teste do qui-quadrado, considerando p < 0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Foram estudadas 90 gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia (GCP) e 90 gestantes sem pré-eclâmpsia (GSP). História prévia de pré-eclâmpsia (razão de prevalência [RP] = 1,57, intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%] 1,47-1,67, p = 0,000) e cor da pele negra (RP = 1,15, IC 95% 1,00-1,33, p = 0,040) estiveram associadas à ocorrência de pré-eclâmpsia. Entre os recém-nascidos das GCP e GSP, 12,5% e 13,1%, respectivamente, eram pequenos para a idade gestacional (p = 0,907) e 25,0% e 23,2%, respectivamente, eram grandes para a idade gestacional (p = 0,994). Houve predomínio da via de parto cesariana. Conclusão: História pessoal de pré-eclâmpsia e cor da pele negra estiveram associadas à ocorrência de pré-eclâmpsia. Houve elevadas frequências de desvios de peso ao nascer e da via de parto cesariana.

Growing knowledge on the health-promoting impact of antioxidants in everyday foods, combined with the assumption that a number of common synthetic preservatives may have hazardous side effects has led to increased investigations in the field of natural antioxidants, principally those found in plants. Food industries normally discard plant residues that could benefit the human health and diminish undesirable environmental impact. Once estimated the content of antioxidants in these residues, advantageous economical and social alternatives to the discard are possible, for example, their use for preparation of nutraceuticals to be offered to low-income populations. We present here a broad, although not complete, account of the continuously growing knowledge on the antioxidant capacity of whole fruits, seeds and peels, cereals, vegetal oils and aromatic plants, at several physical forms, as well as a description of the usual methods for evaluating their antioxidant capacity and examples of agroindustrial processes that could be harnessed for the production of antioxidant supplement food, along with research perspectives in the area.

Introduction and Objective: Oxidative stress appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Evidence suggests that adequate intake of antioxidants can modulate this condition. The objective of this study was to assess the intake of antioxidant nutrients and coefficients of variation in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in the public health network of the city of Maceió, Brazil, a dietary survey was performed consisting of 24-hour food recalls, with subsequent adjustment of nutrients using the estimated average requirement as the cutoff point, and a questionnaire on frequency of consumption of antioxidants. Results: We studied 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia (PWP) and 90 pregnant women without preeclampsia (PWoP) with mean ages of 25.8±6.7 years and 24.1±6.2 years (p=0.519), respectively. A low mean intake of antioxidants (vitamin A, selenium, zinc and copper) was observed in both PWP and PWoP, although intakes of vitamin A (p=0.045) and selenium (p=0.008) were higher in PWoP. In addition, we observed high coefficients of variation in nutrient intakes in both groups, which were higher for vitamin C (p

Background: People living in households with food insecurity typically have a monotonous diet, low in complex carbohydrates and rich in simple sugars and fats. Such condition associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HA) compromises the quality of life and contributes to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients with HA and/or diabetes mellitus and its relationship with the socioeconomic status and the situation of food insecurity (IA) in households. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Patients evaluated: (In) household food security according to the Brazilian Scale of food insecurity (EBIA): Mild, moderate and severe FI; economic status and CVRF. We used the chi-square test, bivariate logistic regression, OR with 95% CI and p≤0.05. Results: The study included 225 patients: 74.0% (n=166) hypertensive (M), 18.0% (n=41) diabetic hypertensive (HD) and 8.0% (n=18) diabetic patients (D); 80.9% were women, mean age 60.3±11.19 years and 64.0% belonging to the economy class D. The patients resided in households in FI: 78.0% of H, 73.0% of HD and 78.0% of D. The frequency of CVRF among individuals in FI was high: 92.0% hypertension, 80.0% hypercholesterolemia, 79.0% hyperglycemia, 76.0% overweight/obesity, 73.0% abdominal obesity and 72.0% hypertriglyceridemia. There was a positive association between FI and hypertension (p=0.034), abdominal obesity (p=0.009) and hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.001). Conclusions: The predominant unsafe condition in the households of the population studied represents an additional risk factor, since the difficulty of access to healthy food both in quantitative and quality terms compromises the treatment and control of these diseases.

Resumo O estado clínico e o nutricional da gestante representam importantes variáveis para o risco de inadequações de peso ao nascer. Assim, o presente estudo visou avaliar o estado nutricional de gestantes de alto risco e sua associação com o peso ao nascer de seus conceptos. Estudo transversal com gestantes de alto risco assistidas no Hospital Universitário de Maceió-AL e seus recém-nascidos. O estado nutricional das gestantes e de seus conceptos foi avaliado segundo o Índice de Massa Corporal para a idade gestacional e o peso ao nascer, respectivamente. A associação entre fatores maternos (comorbidades e estado nutricional) e o peso ao nascer foram realizadas pelos testes de qui-quadrado e correlação de Pearson, adotando um nível de confiança de 95% (α = 0,05). Foram estudadas 149 gestantes, com 19,7% delas com baixo peso; 32,0% eutróficas e 48,3% com excesso de peso. Entre os recém-nascidos, 39,6% eram pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG); 26,8% adequados para a idade gestacional (AIG) e 33,6% grandes para a idade gestacional (GIG). O excesso de peso gestacional e a presença de comorbidades metabólicas se associaram com o nascimento de recém-nascidos GIG e o ganho ponderal gestacional insuficiente com o nascimento de recém-nascidos PIG, sendo fundamentais intervenções para redução desses desfechos. Abstract The clinical and nutritional status of pregnant women are important variables for birth-weight risk inadequacies. Thus, this study sought to evaluate the nutritional status of high-risk pregnant women and its association with birth weight of their offspring. It involved a cross-sectional study with high-risk pregnant women assisted at the university hospital of Maceio in the State of Alagoas and their newborns. The nutritional status of pregnant women and their offspring was evaluated according to body mass index for gestational age and birth weight, respectively. The association between maternal factors (comorbidities and nutritional status) and birth weight was assessed by the chi-square test and Pearson correlation, by adopting a confidence level of 95%. One hundred and forty-nine pregnant women were studied, 19.7% of whom were of normal weight; 32% were underweight; and 48.3% were overweight. Among newborns, 39.6% referred to as small for gestational age (SGA); 26.8% appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 33.6% large for gestational age (LGA). LGA offspring were associated with overweight and the presence of metabolic comorbidities and SGA offspring were associated with insufficient gestational weight gain, whereby interventions are needed to reduce these outcomes.

Objectives: to compare the assessment of the adequacy of birth weight for gestational age according to different intrauterine growth curves. Methods: across-sectional study, which analyzed gestational and neonatal information from 344 mother-newborn binomials. Birth weight data were analyzed using the International Fetal and New Born Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) and compared with the growth curves proposed by Alexander et al. and Fenton & Kim. Newborns were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), suitablefor gestational age (SUGA) or large for gestational age (LGA). Results: among the newborns, 51.2% were male, and 93.0% were born at term. Higher prevalence of SUGA and LGA and lower SGA was found by the INTERGROWTH-21st curves when compared to the references of Fenton & Kim and Alexander et al. Moderate agreement was observed in detecting birth weight by different growth curves. Conclusions: there was a lower detection of SGA infants and a higher screening, especially of LGA infants, in the INTERGROWTH-21st evaluation, when compared to the growth curves of Fenton & Kim and Alexander et al. Resumo Objetivos: comparar a avaliação da adequação do peso ao nascer para idade gestacional segundo diferentes curvas de crescimento intrauterino. Métodos: estudo transversal, onde foram analisadas informações gestacionais e neonatais de 344 binômios mães-recém-nascidos. Os dados de peso ao nascer foram analisados utilizando-se a International Fetal and New Born Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) e comparados com as curvas de crescimento propostas por Alexander et al. e Fenton & Kim. Os recém-nascidos foram classificados em pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG), adequados para idade gestacional (AIG) ou grandes para idade gestacional (GIG). Resultados: dentre os recém-nascidos, 51,2% eram do sexo masculino, sendo que 93,0% nasceram a termo. Maior prevalência de AIG e GIG e menor de PIG foi constatada pelas curvas INTERGROWTH-21st, quando comparadas às referências de Fenton & Kim e Alexander et al. Foi observada concordância moderada na detecção do peso ao nascer pelas diferentes curvas de crescimento. Conclusões: verificou-se menor detecção de recém-nascidos PIG e maior rastreio, principalmente, de recém-nascidos GIG na avaliação pela INTERGROWTH-21st, quando comparada às curvas de crescimento de Fenton & Kim e Alexander et al.