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1. Morphological Subtypes of Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Arteriosclerosis and the Risk of Stroke

Author: Tim C van den Beukel, M. Kamran Ikram, Janine E. van der Toorn, Meike W. Vernooij, Pim A. de Jong, Maryam Kavousi, Aad van der Lugt, Ali C. Akyildiz, Daniel Bos, Epidemiology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiology
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Carotid arteries, multidetector computed tomography, carotid arteries, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Multidetector computed tomography, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Vascular calcification, Stroke, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Follow up studies, Arteriosclerosis, medicine.disease, follow-up studies, intracranial arteriosclerosis, vascular calcification, Cardiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Intracranial Arteriosclerosis, Internal carotid artery, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract: Background: Accumulating evidence highlights the existence of distinct morphological subtypes of intracranial carotid arteriosclerosis. So far, little is known on the prevalence of these subtypes and subsequent stroke risk in the general population. We determined the prevalence of morphological subtypes of intracranial arteriosclerosis and assessed the risk of stroke associated with these subtypes. Methods: Between 2003 and 2006, 2391 stroke-free participants (mean age 69.6, 51.7% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study underwent noncontrast computed tomography to visualize calcification in the intracranial carotid arteries as a proxy for intracranial arteriosclerosis. Calcification morphology was evaluated according to a validated grading scale and categorized into intimal, internal elastic lamina (IEL), or mixed subtype. Follow-up for stroke was complete until January 1, 2016. We used multivariable Cox regression to assess associations of each subtype with incident stroke. Results: The prevalence of calcification was 82% of which 39% had the intimal subtype, 48% IEL subtype, and 13% a mixed subtype. During a median follow-up of 10.4 years, 155 participants had a stroke. All 3 subtypes were associated with a higher risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI] for intimal: 2.11 [1.07–4.13], IEL: 2.66 [1.39–5.11], and mixed subtype 2.57 [1.18–5.61]). The association of the IEL subtype with stroke was strongest among older participants. The association of the intimal subtype with stroke was noticeably stronger in women than in men. Conclusions: Calcification of the IEL was the most prevalent subtype of intracranial arteriosclerosis. All 3 subtypes were associated with an increased risk of stroke, with noticeable age and sex-specific differences.
Published: 2022

2. Recognition of prodromal cervical spondylotic myelopathy presenting in a U.S. Veteran referred to chiropractic for acute thoracic pain: A case report

Author: Ali C. Ravanpay, Morgan Price, and Clinton Daniels
Subjects: Male, Complementary and Manual Therapy, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, Physical examination, Spinal manipulation, Spinal Cord Diseases, Myelopathy, Spinal cord compression, medicine, Humans, Referral and Consultation, Veterans, Neck pain, Neck Pain, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Chiropractic, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cervical Vertebrae, Physical therapy, Neurosurgery, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Objective To highlight a patient who was referred to a VA chiropractic clinic for thoracic pain and upon physical exam was found to be myelopathic, subsequently requiring surgery. Clinical features A 58-year-old male attended a telephone interview with the VA chiropractic clinic for thoracic pain of 4 months duration; he denied neck pain, upper extremity symptoms or clumsiness of the feet or hands. At his in-person visit, he acknowledged frequently dropping items. The physical examination revealed signs of myelopathy including positive Hoffman's bilaterally, 3+ brisk patellar reflexes, and 5+ beats of ankle clonus bilaterally. He also had difficulty walking heel/toe. Intervention and outcome Cervical and thoracic radiographs were ordered and a referral was placed to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) Clinic for evaluation of the abnormal neurologic exam and suspicion of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). He was treated for 2 visits in the chiropractic clinic for his thoracic pain, with resolution of thoracic symptoms. No treatment was rendered to the cervical spine. The PM&R physician ordered a cervical MRI which demonstrated severe central canal stenosis and increased T2 signal within the cord at C5–C6, representing myelopathic changes. The PM&R specialist referred him to Neurosurgery which resulted in a C5-6, C6-7 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Conclusion The importance of physical examination competency and routine thoroughness cannot be overstated. Swift identification of pathologic signs by the treating chiropractor resulted in timely imaging and surgical intervention.
Published: 2021
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3. DElayed COloRectal cancer care during COVID-19 Pandemic (DECOR-19): Global perspective from an international survey

Author: Santoro, Giulio A., Grossi, Ugo, Murad-Regadas, Sthela, Nunoo-Mensah, Joseph W., Mellgren, Anders, Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Gallo, Gaetano, Tsang, Charles, Wexner, Steven D, LA TORRE, Filippo, Abary Ryan Rainiel, A, Philippines, Abdelwahab Khaled M, Egypt, Abellán Antonio M, Spain, Abraham Ned, Australia, Achkasov Sergey I, Russia, Adamina Michel, Switzerland, Adamo Vincenzo, Italy, Agapov Mikhail, Russia, Agarwal Amit, Usa, Aguado López Héctor, Spain, Aguilar Werner, Chile, AguilarMartínez María Del Mar AM, Spain, Aguilera Asuncion, Spain, Ahmed Jamil, Uk, Aiello Domenico, Italy, Akagi Tomonori, Japan, Akcakaya Adem, Turkey, Akhtar Khalid I, Pakistan, Akiba Ricardo, Brazil, Akrami Majid, Iran, Akyol Cihangir, Turkey, Alaamer Ohood H, Saudi Arabia, Alapati Kishore, India, Alasari Sami, Saudi Arabia, Albastaki Sara, Uae, Albergaria Diogo, Portugal, Alconchel Felipe, Spain, Alerta-Torre Andrea J, Philippines, Alex Ochsner, Switzerland, Alexander Herold, Germany, Alfaro Samuel, El Salvador, Ali Jehangir F, Pakistan, Aliyazicioglu Tolga, Turkey, Almgla Naser, South Africa, Alonsopoza Alfredo, Spain, Al-Radjid Jamiri, Philippines, Alselaim Nahar A, Saudi Arabia, Altaf Kiran K, Uk, Althebaity Rasha, Saudi Arabia, Altinel Yuksel, Turkey, Altiparmak Basak, Turkey, Altomare Donato F, Italy, Alvandipour Mina, Iran, Alvarez-Gallego Mario, Spain, Alyami Mohammad, Saudi Arabia, Amado Sandra, Portugal, Amato Antonio, Italy, Amodio Pietro M, Italy, Ana-Maria Mușină, Romania, Andrade Luis, Chile, Andreas Kohler, Switzerland, Angelini Giulio, Italy, Angenete Eva, Sweden, Annicchiarico Alfredo, Italy, Antelo Galarza Renan, Bolivia, Anwer Mariyah, Pakistan, Aparício David J, Portugal, Arciniega Jose A, Mexico, Arezzo Alberto, Italy, Argenio Giulio, Italy, Arenas Mara, Belgium, Arnaud Alves AA, France, Arredondo Jorge, Spain, Arslan Baha, Turkey, Arya Shobhit, Uk, Aselmann Heiko, Germany, Aumann Georg, Germany, Avanzolini Andrea, Italy, Avendano Rodolfo, Chile, Awedew Atalel F, Ethiopia, Ayantunde Abraham, Uk, Aycan Ilker, Turkey, Aytac Erman, Turkey, Azevedo Constança TM, Portugal, Ba Am, Iraq, Bader Fg, Germany, Baehrle Markus, Germany, Bagaglini Giulia, Italy, Balaban Vladimir, Russia, Balciscueta Zutoia, Spain, Balciscueta Izaskun, Spain, Baldazzi Gianandrea, Italy, Balik Emre, Turkey, Bandolon Robert, Philippines, Barberis Andrea, Italy, Barisic Goran I, Serbia, Barrera Alejandro, Chile, Barros Inês MSF, Portugal, Basaran Betul, Turkey, Basilio Pedro C, Brazil, Bech Flemming, Denmark, Behboo Roubik, Iran, Behboudi Behnam, Iran, Beitia Ivan E, Panama, Bellato Vittoria, Italy, Bellolio Felipe, Chile, Benli Sami, Turkey, Bernal Jc, Spain, Bernante Paolo, Italy, Berrospi Francisco E, Peru, Bertelson Noelle, Usa, Bevan Katharine, Uk, Bhama Anuradha, Usa, Bianco Francesco, Italy, Bievel Radulescu Raluca, Romania, Bintraiki Thamer, Saudi Arabia, Bisgin Tayfun, Turkey, Bislenghi Gabriele, Belgium, Blaslaina Juanluis, Spain, Bloom Itm, Uk, Boehm Gabriele, Germany, Bogoni Selene, Italy, Bohlooli Mehrdad, Iran, Bondurri Andrea, Italy, Boni Luigi, Italy, Bonomi Alessandro Michele, Italy, Booning Nitikun, Thailand, Boonpipattanapong Teeranut, Thailand, Bordeianou Liliana, Usa, Bossard Kerrie, Usa, Botelho Maria, Portugal, Boto Carlos, Portugal, Bottini Corrado, Italy, Bouchagier Konstantinos, Greece, Boutall Adam, South Africa, Bowers Dan, Usa, Bozbiyik Osman, Turkey, Brambilla Eduardo, Brazil, Brisinda Giuseppe, Italy, Brizzi Maria Pia, Italy, Brizzolari Marco, Italy, Brusciano Luigi, Italy, Bucci Luigi, Italy, Buchwald Pam, Sweden, Bugra Dursun, Turkey, Bui Andrew, Australia, Buldanlı Mehmet Zeki, Turkey, Bulut Orhan, Denmark, Cagigas Fernandez Carmen, Spain, Cai Yuankun, China, Calcerrada Alises Enrique, Spain, Caldes Pedro, Portugal, Calussi Marco, Italy, Calvo Espino Pablo, Spain, Campanelli Michela, Italy, Campbell Ken, Uk, Campennì Paola, Italy, Canda Arasemre, Turkey, Capolupo Gabriella T, Italy, Caravana Jorge, Portugal, Carballo Federico HE, Argentina, Carbone Fabio, Italy, Carcamo Leonardo C, Chile, Cardoso Paulo, Portugal, Cariati Maria, Italy, Caricato Marco, Italy, Carmona Maria, Spain, Carpelan Holmstrom Monika, Finland, Carrié Augusto J, Argentina, Carrino Francesco, Italy, Cartucho Daniel DF, Portugal, Carvalho Marcia, Portugal, Carvas João M, Portugal, Casagranda Biagio, Italy, Casimiro Carlos, Portugal, Castro Anyely, Dominican Republic, Catiwala-An Michael T, Philippines, Caushaj Philip F, Usa, Cavallo Debora, Italy, Cedermas Mariela, Argentina, Celayir Fevzi, Turkey, Celentano Valerio, Uk, Cengiz Fevzi, Turkey, Chaisomboon Nopdanai, Thailand, Chenghua Luo, China, Cherepenin Mikhail, Russia, Chessa Antonella, Italy, Chierici Andrea, France, Chok Aikyong, Singapore, Chouliaras Christos, Greece, Chowchankit Irin, Thailand, Christou Niki, France, Chun Hokyung, South Korea, Cillara Nicola, Italy, Cinza Margarida, Portugal, Cione Gianpiero, Italy, Cipe Gokhan, Turkey, Ciprian Duta, Romania, Cirocco William, Usa, Citgez Bulent, Turkey, Clark Jill E, Usa, Clementi Ilaria IC, Italy, Clerc Daniel, Switzerland, Clermonts Journal Pre-proof 39 Stefan HEM, Netherlands, Cobellis Luigi, Italy, Colak Tahsin, Turkey, Colao Garcia Laura, Spain, Colombo Francesco, Italy, Comba Andrea, Italy, Coret Franco Alba CFA, Spain, Correa Bonito Alba, Spain, Cosman Bard, Usa, Costa Susana GS, Portugal, Costa Marta RP, Portugal, Costa Pereira Joaquim, Portugal, Cózar Lozano Coral, Spain, Cravero Francesca, Italy, Creavin Ben, Ireland, Cross Katie LR, Uk, Cruz Arturo, Spain, Cui Junhui, China, Cunha Miguel F, Portugal, Curado Antonio, Portugal, D'Ugo Stefano, Italy, Dajti Irida, Albania, Dalessandro Antonio, France, Dal Monte Giorgio, Italy, Danelli Piergiorgio, Italy, Daniels Ian R, Uk, Dar Asif M, India, Davies Richard J, Uk, De Andrés Beatriz, Spain, De Angelis Marsilio, Italy, De Falco Nadia, Italy, De Luca Maurizio, Italy, De Luca Raffaele, Italy, De Nardi Paola, Italy, De Rosa Michele, Italy, De Silva Kaluthanthiri Patabanadi VR, Sri Lanka, De Simone Veronica, Italy, De Wilt Johannes HW, Netherlands, De-León-Rendón Jorge Luis, Mexico, Dean Phillip, Usa, Deangelis Nicola, France, Dedemadi Georgia, Greece, Delgadillo Xavier, Switzerland, Delgadillo Edgar, Switzerland, D’Elia Antonio, Italy, Delibegovic Samir, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Delis S, Greece, Della Porta Massimiliano, Italy, Del Rio Paolo, Italy, De Marano Gaetano, Italy, Demey Karel, Belgium, Demirli Atıcı Semra, Turkey, Denoya Paula I, Usa, Derebey Murat, Turkey, De Santis Mariangela, France, Devezas Vítor BS, Portugal, Dhaif Ali, Bahrain, Diaconescu Bogdan, Romania, Di Candido Francesca, Italy, Die Javier, Spain, Dieguez Beatriz, Spain, Dieter Hahnloser, Switzerland, Diez Alonso Manuel, Spain, Dimaren Ishmael, Philippines, Disimone Massimo, Italy, Doerner Johannes, Germany, Domingos Hugo VG, Portugal, Dominguez Rubén RD, Paraguay, Dorenbusch Michael, Usa, Doulias Triantafyllos A, Uk, Duff Sarah, Uk, Dulskas Audrius, Lithuania, Dunn Gary, Usa, Duque-Mallén Victoria, Spain, Dusek Tomas, Czech Republic, Dusitanond Navara, Thailand, Dzulkarnaen Zakaria Andee, Malaysia, Dworkin Michael, United Kingdom, Dybau Aleh, Belarus, Dziakova Jana, Spain, Dziki Lukasz, Poland, Dziki Adam, Poland, Efetov Sergey K, Russia, Eisa Mohamed, Egypt, Eisenstat Ted, Usa, El Sorogy Mohamed, Egypt, El-Hussuna Alaa, Denmark, Elfeki Hossam, Egypt, Elhussuna Alaa, Denmark, Eliasrabelo Fernanda, Brazil, Ellis Tyler, Usa, Elzalabany Tamer, Egypt, Emile Sameh H, Egypt, Emiroglu Mustafa, Turkey, Emmanuel Odet, France, Enomoto Masanobu, Japan, Epifani Angelo Gabriele, Italy, Erenler Ilknur, Turkey, Erkan Arman, Usa, Erol Timuçin, Turkey, Erturk Suphan, Turkey, Escalante Ricardo, Venezuela, Escartin Jorg, Spain, Escrevente Ricardo, Portugal, Espin-Basany Eloy, Spain, Estaire-Gomez Mercedes, Spain, Falaschi Federica, Italy, Falken Ylva, Sweden, Fantini Corrado, Italy, Fantozzi Mauricio, Argentina, Farid Asim, Usa, Farina Pablo, Argentina, Farmer Russ, Usa, Farmer Martin, Uk, Faul Eleanor M, Ireland, Favara Andrea, Italy, Febra Pedro, Portugal, Fenner Lyra Junior Humberto, Brazil, Fermani Claudio, Argentina, Fernandes Fábio FN, Portugal, Fernandes Miguel, Portugal, Ferracci Federica, Italy, Ferrara Francesco, Italy, Ferrari Giovanni, Italy, Ferrario Luca, Italy, Ferreira Rita, Portugal, Ferreira Carlos, Portugal, Ferris Jeff, Usa, Ferronetti Antonio, Italy, Fialho Guilherme L, Portugal, Fichera Alessandro, Usa, Figueiredo Odete, Portugal, Filipe Vieira Pedro JG, Portugal, Fiore Felicia, Italy, Folliero Cristina, Italy, Folstad Torbjorn, Norway, Forerotorres Alexander, Spain, Forgan Timothy R, South Africa, Franceschilli Marzia, Italy, Frizelle Frank, New Zealand, Froehner Junior Ilario, Brazil, Frois Miguel, Portugal, Frontali Alice, France, Fu Chuangang, China, Fulginiti Serena, Italy, Galiffa Giampaolo, Italy, Gallagher Hugh J, Uk, Gallardo Cristian, Chile, Galleano Raffaele, Italy, Gama Barbara, Portugal, Garcia Conde Maria, Spain, Garcia Granero Alvaro, Spain, Garcia Esther, Spain, García Sánchez Felipe, Spain, Garcia Septiem Javier, Spain, Garcia Walter, Argentina, Garcia-Urena Miguel Angel, Spain, Garmanova Tatiana N, Russia, Garofalo Thomas, Usa, Garoufalia Zoe, Greece, Garulli Gianluca, Italy, Gatti Matteo, Italy, Gecim Ethem, Turkey, Gellona Jose, Chile, Gercek Yuksel, Uk, Ghignone Federico, Italy, Gianchandani Moorjani Rajesh, Spain, Gianfrancisco James A, Usa, Giani Iacopo, Italy, Gibert Juan, Spain, Gilles Manceau, France, Gilmore Andrew, Australia, Gilsanz Carlos, Spain, Gilshtein Hayim, Usa, Girgin Behic, Turkey, Giria Joao, Portugal, Giuffrida Maria Carmela, Italy, Giuliani Antonio, Italy, Goi Gloria, Italy, Golovina Anastasiya, Russia, Gomez Rosado Juan Carlos, Spain, González Enrique, Spain, Granada Nemesio, Philippines, Grimme Frederike, Netherlands, Grobler Stephen, South Africa, Guaitoli Eleonora, Italy, Guerci Claudio, Italy, Guerra Daniel, Mexico, Guerreiro José MM, Portugal, Guido Jutten, Belgium, Gulcu Baris, Turkey, Gunay Emre, Turkey, Gundes Ebubekir, Turkey, Gurbuz Bulent, Turkey, Gurjar Shashank, Uk, Hainsworth Alison J, Uk, Hall Nigel, Uk, Hamed Hosam H, Egypt, Hammer Clare, Uk, Hannon Rob, Ireland, Harmston Christopher, New Zealand, Harran Nadine, South Africa, Hartendorp Paul, Usa, Hassan Iyad, Uae, Hassan Imran, Usa, Hawkins Alexander T, Usa, Hayssen Theresa, Usa, Hendren Samantha, Usa, Hernandez Garcia Miguel, Spain, Hershman Michael, Journal Pre-proof 40 UK, Hild Stefanie, Germany, Hilton Joanna, Uk, Hiranyakas Art, Thailand, Ho Ming, Australia, Hollington Paul, Australia, Holubar Stefan, Usa, Hompes Roel, Netherlands, Houcine Maghrebi, Tunisia, Hovsepyan Vardges, Armenia, Hul Rene, Netherlands, Hunt Louise E, Uk, Hyder Zargham, Uk, Ibrahim Aini F, Malaysia, Iglesias Gustavo, Brazil, Iesalnieks Igors, Germany, Ilkanich Andrei, Russia, Imanova Nargiz, Azerbaijan, Isik Arda, Turkey, Jayathilaka Buddika, Uk, Jimenez Virginia, Spain, Jimenez-Gomez Luis Miguel, Spain, Jitmungngan Romyen, Thailand, Joelsson Magnus, Sweden, Joshi Heman, Uk, Juloski Jovan T, Serbia, Juwid Abdallah E, Libya, Kanjanasilp Prapon, Thailand, Kannappa Lava, Uk, Kanno Danilo, Brazil, Kaplan Esin, Turkey, Kara Yasin, Turkey, Kartal Abdulcabbar, Turkey, Kawamura Junichiro, Japan, Kaya Tayfun, Turkey, Kazemi Nava Andrea, Italy, Kazachenko Ekaterina A, Russia, Kelkar Ashish, Uk, Kelly Michael E, Ireland, Keramati Mohammad Reza, Iran, Kerawala Asad, Pakistan, Khalil Mohammad I, Bangladesh, Khan Jim S, Uk, Khan Rbn, Uk, Khitaryan Alexander, Russia, Kinjo Tatsuya, Japan, Kirilova Tanya N, Bulgaria, Kirmizi Yasemin, Turkey, Klaristenfeld Daniel, Usa, Knapp Jens, Norway, Koc Mehmet A, Turkey, Kocián Petr, Czechia, Konishi Tsuyoshi, Japan, Konstantoudakis Georgios, Cyprus, Konsten Joop, Netherlands, Kontovounisios Christos, Uk, Korkmaztoker Melike, Turkey, Kørner, Hartwig, Norway, Krdzic Igor, D, Serbia, Krivokapic Zoran, Serbia, Kumar Sanjeev, India, Kumar Sandip, Malaysia, Kushtrim Shala, Germany, Kynaston James, Uk, Langmayr Johannes, Austria, La Torre Marco, Italy, La Torre Filippo, Italy, Labalde Maria, Spain, Lagopoulos Vasileios, Greece, Lal Roshan, Uk, Landaluce- Olavarria Aitor, Spain, Langone Antonio, Italy, Lapolla Pierfrancesco, Italy, Larach Sergio, Usa, Larach, Andres, Chile, Larsson, Peranders, Sweden, Lasala Alfred, Philippines, Lauretta Andrea, Italy, Leao Pedro, Portugal, Lee Pamela C, Usa, Lee Suk-Hwan, South Korea, Lee Wooyong, South Korea, Lefevre Jeremie H, France, Leite Julio, Portugal, Lemaire Julien, Belgium, Lemma Maria, Italy, Lemme Gustavo Nestor, Argentina, Lenna Giovanni, Italy, Leo Cosimo Alex, Uk, Leventoglu Sezai, Turkey, Licardie Eugenio, Spain, Lienert Mark, Germany, Lima Sergio, Brazil, Limbert Manuel CSB, Portugal, Lisi Giorgio, Italy, Litta Francesco, Italy, Littaua Dennis, Philippines, Liu Fanlong, China, Liyanage Chris, New Zealand, Llovera Antony, Cuba, Lo Oswens, China, Lo Dico Rea, France, Lobascio Pierluigi, Italy, Lohsiriwat Varut, Thailand, Lombana Luis, Colombia, Lopez Marc, Philippines, Lopez Jose, Mexico, Lopez Francisco, Chile, Lorber Julie, Usa, Losada Manuel, Spain, Lowenfeld Lea, Usa, Lucci Enrico, Italy, Luglio Gaetano, Italy, Lynch Craig, Australia, Luqman, Pakistan, Machairas Nikolaos, Uk, Maciel João MRP, Portugal, Madbouly Khaled, Egypt, Madhoun, Nisreen, Usa, Maffioli, Anna, Italy, Magbojos Christian Raymond S, Philippines, Magistro Carmelo CM, Italy, Magrino Thomas, Usa, Makhoul Rami, Usa, Mallmann Karen DP, Brazil, Manatakis Dimitrios K, Greece, Mancini Stefano, Italy, Manfredelli Simone, France, Mangione John, Usa, Manso Antonio, Portugal, Marakutsa Eugen V, Moldova, Marano Alessandra, Italy, Marchesi Federico, Italy, Marchiori Mauro, Brazil, Marfan Michael, Australia, Marianelli Raphael, Brazil, Mariani Nicolò M, Italy, Marimuthu Kalimuthu, Uk, Marinello Franco, Spain, Marinis Athanasios, Greece, Marino Marco V, Italy, Markides Georgios, Cyprus, Marquez Lucila, Spain, Marra Angelo A, Italy, Martín Navarro Fabian, Mexico, Martin-Martin Gonzalo P, Spain, Martinez Javier, Spain, Martinez-Iglesias Marta A, Uk, Martins Ruben AFP, Portugal, Martins Ana RG, Portugal, Mascali Davide DM, Italy, Massucco Paolo, Italy, Matas Fernando, Spain, Mathew Alexander, Usa, Matzel Klaus E, Germany, Maun Dipen, Usa, Maurus Christine F, Switzerland, McCormick Jim, Usa, McIntyre Robert, Uk, McKinley Aileen, Uk, McLemore Lisa, Usa, McNeil Jennifer, Usa, McNevin Shane, Usa, Medich David, Usa, Medina Cesar, Mexico, Medina Quintana Rita E, Spain, Melo Ingrid, Paraguay, Melstrom Kurt A, Usa, Mendoza-Moreno Fernando, Spain, Menna Maria Paola, Italy, Mentz Ricardo, Argentina, Merlini David A, Italy, Mihmanli Mehmet, Turkey, Mike Spencer, Usa, Millan Monica, Spain, Miller Jerad, Usa, Milone Marco, Italy, Minahi Ilyas, Uk, Minaya-Bravo Ana María, Spain, Mingoli Andrea, Italy, Minicozzi Annamaria, Uk, Miranda Pedro, Portugal, Miro Antonio, Italy, Miskovic Danilo, Uk, Mistrangelo Massimiliano, Italy, Mitra Rajarshi, Uae, Mittal Rohin, India, Mladenovikj Dragoslav P, North Macedonia, Moctezuma Velázquez Paulina, Mexico, Mohamed Kamil Nil Amri, Malaysia, Mohammed Mohammed MH, Egypt, Mohsen Yasser MA, Uk, Monami Benoit N, Belgium, Monroe Justin, Usa, Monroy Hermogenes DJ, Philippines, Montori Giulia, Italy, Montuori Mauro, Italy, Mora-Guzmán Ismael, Spain, Moraes Ana, Brazil, Morales Carlos, Usa, Morelli Luca, Italy, Moreno Almudena, Spain, Moretto Gianluigi, Italy, Morici Riccardo, Italy, Morini Andrea, Italy, Moro-Valdezate David, Spain, Moroni Eliana, Italy, Morton Dion, Uk, Moura Catarina, Portugal, Moysidis Moysis M, Greece, Mozo Ana S, Spain, Nacion Aeris Jane D, Philippines, Nada Mohamed, Journal Pre-proof 41 Egypt, Nagasaki Toshiya, Japan, Nakamoto Yoshihiko, Japan, Neary Peter, Ireland, Negoi Ionut, Romania, Neijenhuis Peter A, Niger, Ng Simon SM, China, Niazi Samiullah, Pakistan, Nikoupour Hamed, Iran, Nogueiro Jorge PM, Portugal, Noguera Jose, Spain, Nova Carlos, Portugal, Nunes Amadeu, Portugal, O'Riordain Micheal G, Ireland, Oke Olatunbosun A, Nigeria, Okkabaz Nuri, Turkey, Oliva Cristiano, Italy, Oliveira Olga, Portugal, Oliveira Manuel, Portugal, Oliveira Antonio, Portugal, Oliveira Lucia CC, Brazil, Olivier James B, Uk, Olivier Pittet, Switzerland, Omejc Mirko, Slovenia, Ong Loreto B, Philippines, Ong David, Malaysia, Onglao Mark, Philippines, Onody Peter, Hungary, Orefice Raffaele, Italy, Ortega David, Peru, Ozben Volkan, Turkey, Ozcan Onder, Turkey, Ozturk Ersin, Turkey, Pacheco Andre, Portugal, Paci Marco, France, Paczosa Marcin, Poland, Padmanabhan Anantha, Usa, Pai Ajit, India, Palmer Gabriella, Sweden, Pandey Diwakar, India, Panis Yves, France, Pantel, Haddon, Paonariang Krisada, Thailand, Papa Mario V, Italy, Papadopoulos Aristeidis, Greece, Papagni Vincenzo, Italy, Papp Andras, Sweden, Parello Angelo, Italy, Parente Alessandro, Uk, Parra Pedro, Spain, PascualMigueláñez Isabel, Spain, Pata Francesco, Italy, Patel Nikhil, Usa, Patel Reeya, Uk, Pattyn Paul RL, Belgium, Paul Bikram, Usa, Pavanello Maurizio, Italy, Pedro Luis E, Argentina, Pellino Gianluca, Spain, Peltrini Roberto, Italy, Peña Ros Emilio, Spain, Pennacchi Luca UC, Italy, Pereira André, A Portugal, Pereira Bela, Portugal, Perez Guillermo, Ecuador, Perez Horacio, Portugal, Perez Natalia, Spain, Perez Flecha Marina, Spain, Perinotti Roberto, Italy, Pernazza Graziano, Italy, Perra Teresa, Italy, Pertile Davide, Italy, Pessia Beatrice, Italy, Pessoa Joana, Brazil, Petagna Lorenzo, Italy, Peters Walter, Usa, Petit Mindy, Usa, Petracca Gabriele Luciano, Italy, Pezzolla Francesco, Italy, Philp Matthew, Usa, Pianim Nana, Usa, Picciariello Arcangelo, Italy, Piccinini Pablo E, Argentina, Piccinni Giuseppe, Italy, Piccolo Davide, Italy, Pigalarga, Rodolfo, Pikarsky Alon J, Israel, Pimentel Alice, Portugal, Pinchot Scott, Usa, Pinotti Enrico, Italy, Pinto Diogo, Portugal, Pirozzi Felice, Italy, Plastiras Aris, Greece, Platto Marco, Italy, Plerhoples Tim, Usa, Podda Mauro, Italy, Poggi Luis, Peru, Polastri Roberto, Italy, Porcu Alberto, Italy, Porter Michael, Usa, Poskus Eligijus, Lithuania, Potolicchio Analia I, Argentina, Poylin Vitaliy, Usa, Pozzo Mauro, Italy, Pramateftakis Manos, Greece, Pravosudov Igor V, Russia, Praxedes Vanessa P, Portugal, Primoromaguera Vicent, Spain, Progno Valerio C, Italy, Proud David M, Australia, Pucciarelli Salvatore, Italy, Qadir Abdul, Uk, Qayoom Hina, Pakistan, Quindos Patricia, Spain, Quintanilha Rui, Portugal, Quinteros Francisco A, Usa, Qureshi Nafees, Uk, Rachadell Juan J, Portugal, Ralf Schmidt, Germany, Raman Shankar, Usa, Ramos Diego, Spain, Ramos Jose, Portugal, Ramwell, Andrew, Randazzo, Valentina, Rattanarpichart Patsaporn, Thailand, Ratto Carlo, Italy, Rautio Tero, Finland, Raviolo Carla, Italy, Read Thomas, Usa, Real Joao, Portugal, Rega Daniela, Italy, Regadas Francisco, Brazil, Regenbogen Scott, Usa, Reia Marta, Portugal, Reina Angel, Spain, Rems Miran, Slovenia, Rencuzogullari Ahmet, Turkey, Renwick Andrew A, Uk, Reyes Juan C, Colombia, Reyes Jeryl Anne Silvia R, Philippines, Ribeiro Jr Ulysses, Brazil, Ridzuan Farouk, Singapore, Ripetti Valter, Italy, Ripoll Cristina, Mexico, Ripollés-Melchor Javier, Spain, Rizal Rizal, Indonesia, Rizk Mariam, Uk, Rizvi Irfan, Usa, Robinson Jonathan, Uk, Rodimov Sergei, Russia, Rodrigues João VL, Brazil, Rodriguez Javier, Mexico, Rodriguez Cristian, Argentina, Rodriguez Homero, Panama, Rodriguez Garcia Jaime, Mexico, Roig Jose, Spain, Rojanasakul Arun, Thailand, Rojas Julio, Chile, Romanelli Elena, France, Rosa Fausto, Italy, Rosato Guillermo, Argentina, Rosenberg Robert, Switzerland, Rosete Manuel, Portugal, Roslani April C, Malaysia, Rottoli Matteo, Italy, Roxas Manuel Francisco Roxas T, Philippines, Roxburgh Campbell S, Uk, Ruan Joseph, Usa, Rubbini Michele M, Italy, Rubio Eduardo, Spain, Ruddy Theresa, Usa, Rueda Camilo, Spain, Ruiztovar Jaime, Spain, Rusconi Andrea, Italy, Rutegård Martin, Sweden, Sá Milene RRM, Portugal, Saad Luiz Henrique Cury, Brazil, Sadien Iannish D, Uk, Sadowski Brian M, Usa, Saeed Mirza Faraz, Bahrain, Safiyeva Aynur K, Azerbaijan, Sagap Ismail, Malaysia, Sahnan Kapil, Uk, Sairafi Rami, Saudi Arabia, Saklami Avanish P, India, Salgado-Nesme Noel NSN, Mexico, Salman Nevriye, Turkey, Samalavicius Narimantas E, Lithuania, Sambucci Daniele, Italy, Sanchez Noel, Usa, Sanchez Robles Juan Carlos, Mexico, Sanmiguel Carlos, Spain, Santacruz Eduardo, Paraguay, Santoni Simone, Italy, Santos Pedro MD, Portugal, Santos Brian U, Argentina, Santos Carlos, Portugal, Sapienza Paolo, Italy, Saracoglu Ayten, Turkey, Saracoglu Kemal T, Turkey, Sardinas Carlos, Venezuela, Sari Ramazan, Turkey, Sarma Diwakar, Uk, Sartori Alberto A, Italy, Sasia Diego, Italy, Sbaih Mohammed H, Saudi Arabia, Scabini Stefano, Italy, Scaringi Stefano, Italy, Scheinin Tom M, Finland, Schiavo Marcello, Italy, Schizas Alexis, Uk, Sciaudone Guido, Italy, Scognamillo Fabrizio, Italy, Scott Kelley, Usa, Scow Jeffrey S, Usa, Sechi Raffaele, Italy, Seehra Harkiran, Uk, Segering Joerg, Germany, Selcuk Mehtap, Turkey, Journal Pre-proof 42 Selemane Carlos, Mozambique, Seltman Ann, Usa, Selvaggi Francesco, Italy, Sensi Bruno, Italy, SeowChoen Francis, Singapore, Sernagiotto Carlo, Italy, Serralta De Colsa Daniel, Spain, Serrano González Javier, Spain, Sert Ismail, Turkey, Serventi Alberto, Italy, Sforza Sergio, Italy, Shabbir Jamshed, Uk, Shabeeb Fadel, Uae, Shafik Ali, Egypt, Shalaby Mostafa, Egypt, Shanker Bethann, Usa, Shanmugam Venkatesh, Uk, Shariff Umar, Uk, Shehta Ahmed, Egypt, Shelton Andrew, Usa, Shintaro Akamoto, Japan, Shlyk Daria, Russia, Shukla Amit, Uk, Sibio Simone, Italy, Sietze Koopal, Netherlands, Sigurdardottir Johanna, Sweden, Silva Jorge, Mexico, Silva Anaisa, Portugal, Simianu Val, Usa, Singh Baljit, Uk, Siragusa Leandro, Italy, Sirikurnpiboon Siripong, Thailand, Sivrikoz Emre, Turkey, Sizonenko Nikolay, Russia, Slavchev Mihail T, Bulgaria, Sniuolis Pranas, Lithuania, Soares Duarte, Qatar, Sojar Valentin, Slovenia, Sokmen Selman, Turkey, Sokol Thomas, Usa, Soldatov Denis, Russia, Soncini Stefania, Italy, Sordo Ricardo, Mexico, Sosa María V, Spain, Sousa Xavier, Portugal, Sozutek Alper, Turkey, Spiezio Giovanni, Italy, Spinelli Antonino, Italy, Stahl Etienne, Mexico, Stanojevic Goran Z, Serbia, Steckel Brian, Usa, Stefan Neagu, Romania, Stefanescu Victor, Romania, Steinhagen Randolph, Usa, Stella Marco, Italy, Stephensen Bree D, Australia, Stevenson Andrew RL, Australia, Stitzenberg Karyn, Usa, Strombom Paul, Usa, Sturiale Alessandro, Italy, Suhail Anjum, Pakistan, Sungurtekin Ugur, Turkey, Sutton Jeffrey M, Usa, Suwannakij Chanchai, Thailand, Szczepkowski Marek, Poland, Sztipits Tamas, Hungary, Takashi Akiyoshi, Japan, Takkenberg Marijn, Netherlands, Tallon-Aguilar Luis, Spain, Tam Michael, Usa, Tamburini Andrea M, Italy, Tamini Nicolò, Italy, Tammaro Pasquale, Italy, Tan Kerkan, Singapore, Tan Teerasan, Thailand, Tanal Mert, Turkey, Tanda Cinzia, Italy, Tang Jinghua, China, Tapiolas Ingrid, Uk, Täreby Magnus, Sweden, Tariverdiev Andrey, Russia, Tayar Serkan, Turkey, Tejedor Patricia, Spain, Terrosu Giovanni, Italy, Testa Alessandro, Italy, Tewari Shirish, Uk, Thabet Waleed, Egypt, Thakur Sukesh, India, Thomas Ehmann, Germany, Thomas Kuruc, Germany, Tiesi Vincenzo, Italy, Tin Moemoetin, Myanmar, Tita Agustin C, Argentina, Titu Liviu V, Uk, Tkachenko Fedot, Ukraine, Tonello Paolo, Italy, Tooley Richard, Usa, Torres Juan, Spain, Troci Albert, Italy, Trompetto Mario, Italy, Troncoso Pereira Paula, Spain, Tropeano Francesca Paola FP, Italy, Trostchansky Ivan, Uruguay, Tsujinaka Shingo, Japan, Tufo Andrea, Italy, Tulina Inna, Russia, Turati Luca, Italy, Turchina Catalin, Sweden, Turina Matthias, Switzerland, Tutino Roberta, Italy, Tyler Km, Usa, Uemura Mamoru, Japan, Unal Ayse G, Turkey, Uraiqat Ahmad, Jordan, Uribe Sebastián, Chile, V Duke, Usa, Vailati Bruna, Brazil, Vaingurt Mariano, Argentina, Valente Michael, Usa, Van Dellen Jonathan, Uk, Van Ramshorst Gabrielle H, Belgium, Vannelli Alberto, Italy, Vanriel W, Belgium, Varabei Aliaksandr, Belarus, Varcada Massimo, Uk, Varela Cristopher L, Venezuela, Varma Madhulika G, Usa, Vasapollo Leoluca F, Italy, Venn Mary L, Uk, Vercillo Kristin, Usa, Vergara-Fernandez Omar, Mexico, Veronesi Paolo, Italy, Vicente Aline, Brazil, Victor Tomulescu, Romania, Vieiradesousa Paulo, Portugal, Vignali Andrea, Italy, Vigorita Vincenzo, Spain, Vilchis Jose, Mexico, Villaverde Kathia, Peru, Vindevoghel Koen, Belgium, Violante Tommaso, Italy, Vitoopinyoparb Kasidin, Thailand, Voutsarakis Athanasios, Uk, Wainstein Ricardo, Argentina, Wakefield Simon, Uk, Wallon Conny, Sweden, Wang Yongbing, China, Wang Xiaodong, China, Wang Xiaofeng, China, Warden Claire, South Africa, Wei Rockson, China, Wheeler Matthew, Usa, Willem Bemelman, Netherlands, Wilson Matthew, Usa, Winter Des C, Ireland, Wongwiwatseree Yongsun, Thailand, Woon Kyung Jeong, South Korea, Wright Danette B, Australia, Wu Jiong, China, Wuraola Funmilola O, Nigeria, Xenaki Sofia A, Greece, Xiaohua Jiang, China, Xiaoqiang Jia, China, Xue Yahong, China, Xynos Evangelos, Greece, Yamada Kazunosuke, Japan, Yanar Hakan, Turkey, Yang Bolin, China, Yanishev Alexey, Russia, Yildirim Ali C, Turkey, Yildiz Ufukmete, Turkey, Yildiz Alp, Turkey, Yilmaz Mehmet, Turkey, Younis Muhammad Umar MUY, Uae, Yousef Zeyad, Saudi Arabia, Yu Dongsheng, China, Zalucki James, Usa, Zaman Ahamaduz, Bangladesh, Zamora Aída T, Spain, Zampitis Nikolaos, Cyprus, Zanus Giacomo, Italy, Zapata Gonzalo H, Argentina, Zelic Marko, Croatia, Zenger Serkan, Turkey, Zheng Jianyong, China, Zigiotto Daniele, Italy, Zmora Oded, Israel, Zoikas Athanasios, Greece, Zorcolo Luigi, Italy, Zucchella Martino, Italy, Zuhdy, Mohammad, Santoro G.A., Grossi U., Murad-Regadas S., Nunoo-Mensah J.W., Mellgren A., Di Tanna G.L., Gallo G., Tsang C., Rottoli M., and Wexner S.D.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Delayed Diagnosis, Internationality, Colorectal cancer, colorectal surgery - COVID-19 - delay - treatment - outcomes, MEDLINE, colorectal cancer, 030230 surgery, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Time-to-Treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Elective surgery, Personal protective equipment, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, delayed surgery, Coronavirus, Infection Control, business.industry, Outbreak, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Preparedness, Emergency medicine, Female, Surgery, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Colorectal Surgery
Abstract: Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care., Global changes in both diagnostic and therapeutic practices in colorectal cancer care were evident in this survey conducted to analyze the impact of COVID-19 outbreak. The importance of this finding is that changes were associated with differences in health care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical variations.
Published: 2021
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4. The Rare Occurrence of Reoperation After Cervical Laminoplasty

Author: Fangyi Zhang, Ariana S. Barkley, Ali C. Ravanpay, Jessica Eaton, Liam T. Sullivan, and Kate Carroll
Subjects: Adult, Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Arthrodesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Spinal Cord Diseases, Laminoplasty, 03 medical and health sciences, Myelopathy, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Retrospective Studies, 030222 orthopedics, Retrospective review, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Laminectomy, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Stenosis, Treatment Outcome, Cervical laminoplasty, Cohort, Cervical Vertebrae, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of recurrent or adjacent-level stenosis requiring reoperation after single-door cervical laminoplasty for spondylotic myelopathy at our institution. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Adjacent-level stenosis requiring reoperation is a commonly evaluated condition for anterior or posterior arthrodesis, however, there are few studies that evaluate adjacent-level stenosis in the case of cervical laminoplasty. METHODS Retrospective review of adults undergoing cervical laminoplasty for spondylotic myelopathy between January 2005 and May 2018 at our institution. Demographics, symptom duration, stenotic levels, preoperative and postoperative Medical Research Council motor, American Spinal Injury Association, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, and Nurick grade were obtained. Postoperative data included presence of C5 palsy, infection rate, alleviation or persistence of symptoms, and rate of recurrent or adjacent-level stenosis. RESULTS A total of 102 patients underwent cervical laminoplasty; mean age was 56.7 years (±12.96). Most were men (n=76, 74.5%), with myelopathy (n=64, 63.4%), C4 (n=94, 93.1%), and C5 (n=92, 91.1%) cervical stenosis; mean symptom duration was 55 days (7 d to 2.8 y). Average follow-up was 6.4 months (±3.4). After surgery, there was statistically significant improvement in Nurick grade (3.1±2.2 vs. 2.7±2.4, P=0.002) and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (11.4±3.7 vs. 13.9±3.6, P
Published: 2021
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5. A mixed-methods needs assessment of traumatic brain injury care in a low- and middle-income country setting: building neurocritical care capacity at two major hospitals in Cambodia

Author: Try Thy, Phearum Huoy, Sopheak Pak, Abhijit V. Lele, Laura J Spece, Robert H. Bonow, Seang Sothea, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Ali C. Ravanpay, Lia M. Barros, Ariana S. Barkley, and James LoGerfo
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Descriptive statistics, Interview, business.industry, education, Neurointensive care, Qualitative property, General Medicine, Article, Checklist, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Health care, Needs assessment, medicine, Thematic analysis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: OBJECTIVEThe high global burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These settings also have the greatest disparity in the availability of surgical care in general and neurosurgical care in particular. Recent focus has been placed on alleviating this surgical disparity. However, most capacity assessments are purely quantitative, and few focus on concomitantly assessing the complex healthcare system needs required to care for these patients. The objective of the present study was to use both quantitative and qualitative assessment data to establish a comprehensive approach to inform capacity-development initiatives for TBI care at two hospitals in an LMIC, Cambodia.METHODSThis mixed-methods study used 3 quantitative assessment tools: the World Health Organization Personnel, Infrastructure, Procedures, Equipment, Supplies (WHO PIPES) checklist, the neurosurgery-specific PIPES (NeuroPIPES) checklist, and the Neurocritical Care (NCC) checklist at two hospitals in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Descriptive statistics were obtained for quantitative results. Qualitative semistructured interviews of physicians, nurses, and healthcare administrators were conducted by a single interviewer. Responses were analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach and coded to allow categorization under the PIPES framework.RESULTSOf 35 healthcare providers approached, 29 (82.9%) participated in the surveys, including 19 physicians (65.5%) and 10 nurses (34.5%). The majority had fewer than 5 years of experience (51.7%), were male (n = 26, 89.7%), and were younger than 40 years of age (n = 25, 86.2%). For both hospitals, WHO PIPES scores were lowest in the equipment category. However, using the NCC checklist, both hospitals scored higher in equipment (81.2% and 62.7%) and infrastructure (78.6% and 69.6%; hospital 1 and 2, respectively) categories and lowest in the training/continuing education category (41.7% and 33.3%, hospital 1 and 2, respectively). Using the PIPES framework, analysis of the qualitative data obtained from interviews revealed a need for continuing educational initiatives for staff, increased surgical and critical care supplies and equipment, and infrastructure development. The analysis further elucidated barriers to care, such as challenges with time availability for experienced providers to educate incoming healthcare professionals, issues surrounding prehospital care, maintenance of donated supplies, and patient poverty.CONCLUSIONSThis mixed-methods study identified areas in supplies, equipment, and educational/training initiatives as areas for capacity development for TBI care in an LMIC such as Cambodia. This first application of the NCC checklist in an LMIC setting demonstrated limitations in its use in this setting. Concomitant qualitative assessments provided insight into barriers otherwise undetected in quantitative assessments.
Published: 2021
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6. Case of Esophageal Perforation and Repair with a Supraclavicular Artery Island Fascial Flap 15 Years After Anterior Spine Surgery

Author: Theodore A Gobillot, Ali C. Ravanpay, David I. Bass, Zilvinas Zakarevicius, Zain H. Rizvi, and Alec W Gibson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Perforation (oil well), Emergency department, medicine.disease, Dysphagia, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phlegmon, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Esophagus, medicine.symptom, Complication, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diverticulum, Artery
Abstract: Background Esophageal perforation represents a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of an anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF). Delayed presentations of esophageal perforation more than 10 years following surgery are exceedingly rare and difficult to diagnose. Here, we discuss the case of an 80-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with progressive dysphagia 15 years after his ACDF. Case Description While prior outpatient workup was suggestive of a diverticulum, there was no evidence of esophageal perforation. Progressive symptoms and repeat imaging on admission were suggestive of retropharyngeal phlegmon. Operative esophagoscopy revealed that the spinal hardware had eroded through the posterior wall of the esophagus, creating a traction diverticulum. The hardware was removed, and the esophageal perforation was closed primarily and buttressed with vascularized tissue from a supraclavicular artery island fascial flap. Conclusions This case emphasizes the importance of considering an esophageal perforation in patients who present with dysphagia at any interval following an ACDF, even in the extremely delayed setting. Furthermore, this is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, using a supraclavicular artery island fascial flap to reconstruct an esophageal perforation following an ACDF, and we introduce a novel strategy for managing these complicated injuries.
Published: 2020
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7. Performance Analysis of ACTE

Author: Abdelhak Bentaleb, Roger Zimmermann, Ali C. Begen, and Christian Timmerer
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Interval (mathematics), Frame rate, Chunked transfer encoding, Hardware and Architecture, Algorithmic efficiency, Encoding (memory), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Bandwidth (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Latency (engineering), business, Computer network
Abstract: HTTP adaptive streaming with chunked transfer encoding can offer low-latency streaming without sacrificing the coding efficiency. This allows media segments to be delivered while still being packaged. However, conventional schemes often make widely inaccurate bandwidth measurements due to the presence of idle periods between the chunks and hence this is causing sub-optimal adaptation decisions. To address this issue, we earlier proposed ACTE (ABR for Chunked Transfer Encoding) [6], a bandwidth prediction scheme for low-latency chunked streaming. While ACTE was a significant step forward, in this study we focus on two still remaining open areas, namely, (i) quantifying the impact of encoding parameters, including chunk and segment durations, bitrate levels, minimum interval between IDR-frames and frame rate on ACTE, and (ii) exploring the impact of video content complexity on ACTE. We thoroughly investigate these questions and report on our findings. We also discuss some additional issues that arise in the context of pursuing very low latency HTTP video streaming.
Published: 2020
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8. In vitro and in silico modeling of endovascular stroke treatments for acute ischemic stroke

Author: Ali C. Akyildiz, Frank J. H. Gijsen, Emma van de Ven, Rachel M.E. Cahalane, Giulia Luraghi, and Serena C.M. Overschie
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, In silico, Acute ischemic stroke, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Brain tissue, Stent-retriever, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Computer Simulation, cardiovascular diseases, Thrombus, Intensive care medicine, Stroke, Minimally invasive procedures, Ischemic Stroke, Thrombectomy, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Endovascular Procedures, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Stroke treatment, Aspiration, Treatment Outcome, Clinical training, Stents, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Acute ischemic stroke occurs when a thrombus obstructs a cerebral artery, leading to sub-optimal blood perfusion to brain tissue. A recently developed, preventive treatment is the endovascular stroke treatment (EVT), which is a minimally invasive procedure, involving the use of stent-retrievers and/or aspiration catheters. Despite its increasing use, many critical factors of EVT are not well understood. In this respect, in vitro, and in silico studies have the great potential to help us deepen our understanding of the procedure, perform further device and procedural optimization, and help in clinical training. This review paper provides an overview of the previous in vitro and in silico evaluations of EVT treatments, with a special emphasis on the four main aspects of the adopted experimental and numerical set-ups: vessel, thrombus, device, and procedural settings.
Published: 2021
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9. Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production through Synergistic Methane-Activated Catalytic Biomass Gasification

Author: Cosmin E. Dumitrescu, Qingyuan Li, Jianli Hu, Amoolya Lalsare, Yuxin Wang, Ali C. Sivri, and Roman J. Vukmanovich
Subjects: Hydrogen, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, business.industry, Abundance (chemistry), General Chemical Engineering, Biomass, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Methane, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Natural gas, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biomass gasification, 0210 nano-technology, business, Syngas
Abstract: The abundance of natural gas and biomass in the U.S. was the motivation to investigate the effect of adding methane to catalytic nonoxidative high-temperature biomass gasification. The catalyst use...
Published: 2019
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10. Game of Streaming Players

Author: Ali C. Begen, Roger Zimmermann, Abdelhak Bentaleb, and Saad Harous
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Service provider, Video quality, Resource (project management), Hardware and Architecture, Scalability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Bandwidth (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Quality (business), Session (computer science), business, Game theory, Computer network, media_common
Abstract: The dramatic growth of HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) traffic represents a practical challenge for service providers in satisfying the demand from their customers. Achieving this in a network where multiple players share the network capacity has so far proved hard because of the bandwidth competition among the HAS players. This competition is exacerbated by the bandwidth overestimation that is introduced due to the isolated and selfish behavior of the HAS players. Each player strives individually to select the maximum bitrate without considering the co-existing players or network resource dynamics. As a result, the HAS players suffer from video quality instability, quality unfairness, and network underutilization or oversubscription, and the players observe a poor quality of experience (QoE). To address this issue, we propose a fully distributed game theory and consensus-based collaborative adaptive bitrate solution for shared network environments, termed Game Theory and consensus-based Approach for Cooperative HAS delivery systems (GTAC). Our solution consists of two-stage games that run in parallel during a streaming session. We extensively evaluate GTAC on a broad set of trace-driven and real-world experiments. Results show that GTAC enhances the viewer QoE by up to 22%, presentation quality stability by up to 24%, fairness by at least 31%, and network utilization by 28% compared to the well-known schemes.
Published: 2019
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11. Calcifications in atherosclerotic plaques and impact on plaque biomechanics

Author: Frank J. H. Gijsen, Eric Farrell, Hilary E. Barrett, Ali C. Akyildiz, Kim Van der Heiden, Cardiology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Macrocalcification, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Rupture risk, Vascular calcification, 030304 developmental biology, Rupture, 0303 health sciences, Temporal instability, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Biomechanics, Calcinosis, Plaque rupture, medicine.disease, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Biomechanical Phenomena, business, Calcification
Abstract: The catastrophic mechanical rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is the underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular events. The infestation of vascular calcification in the plaques creates a mechanically complex tissue composite. Local stress concentrations and plaque tissue strength properties are the governing parameters required to predict plaque ruptures. Advanced imaging techniques have permitted insight into fundamental mechanisms driving the initiating inflammatory-driven vascular calcification of the diseased intima at the (sub-) micron scale and up to the macroscale. Clinical studies have potentiated the biomechanical relevance of calcification through the derivation of links between local plaque rupture and specific macrocalcification geometrical features. The clinical implications of the data presented in this review indicate that the combination of imaging, experimental testing, and computational modelling efforts are crucial to predict the rupture risk for atherosclerotic plaques. Specialised experimental tests and modelling efforts have further enhanced the knowledge base for calcified plaque tissue mechanical properties. However, capturing the temporal instability and rupture causality in the plaque fibrous caps remains elusive. Is it necessary to move our experimental efforts down in scale towards the fundamental (sub-) micron scales in order to interpret the true mechanical behaviour of calcified plaque tissue interactions that is presented on a macroscale in the clinic and to further optimally assess calcified plaques in the context of biomechanical modelling.
Published: 2019
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12. Multicomponent Mechanical Characterization of Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries

Author: Giulia Gandini, Chris L. de Korte, Antonius F.W. van der Steen, Irene Berselli, Francesco Migliavacca, Hakki Mert Torun, Hendrik H.G. Hansen, Ali C. Akyildiz, Su Guvenir Torun, Veronica Codazzi, Claudio Chiastra, and Cardiology
Subjects: Materials science, coronary artery, Physiology, Yeoh, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], finite element analysis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), medicine, material constant, QP1-981, Myocardial infarction, inflation test, Original Research, Bayesian optimization, Stress assessment, atherosclerosis, ultrasound, Yeoh model, business.industry, Ultrasound, Plaque rupture, Hybrid approach, medicine.disease, Coronary arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, atherosclerosis, Bayesian optimization, coronary artery, finite element analysis, inflation test, material constant, ultrasound, Yeoh model, business, Artery, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture in coronary arteries, an important trigger of myocardial infarction, is shown to correlate with high levels of pressure-induced mechanical stresses in plaques. Finite element (FE) analyses are commonly used for plaque stress assessment. However, the required information of heterogenous material properties of atherosclerotic coronaries remains to be scarce. In this work, we characterized the component-wise mechanical properties of atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. To achieve this, we performed ex vivo inflation tests on post-mortem human coronary arteries and developed an inverse FE modeling (iFEM) pipeline, which combined high-frequency ultrasound deformation measurements, a high-field magnetic resonance-based artery composition characterization, and a machine learning-based Bayesian optimization (BO) with uniqueness assessment. By using the developed pipeline, 10 cross-sections from five atherosclerotic human coronary arteries were analyzed, and the Yeoh material model constants of the fibrous intima and arterial wall components were determined. This work outlines the developed pipeline and provides the knowledge of non-linear, multicomponent mechanical properties of atherosclerotic human coronary arteries.
Published: 2021

13. Mechanical Characterization of Thrombi Retrieved with Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Author: Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Heleen M.M. van Beusekom, J. Patrick McGarry, Simon F. De Meyer, Aad van der Lugt, Ali C. Akyildiz, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Hajo M Hund, Nikki Boodt, Behrooz Fereidoonnezhad, Philip R W Snouckaert van Schauburg, Hester F. Lingsma, Frank J. H. Gijsen, Public Health, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neurology, and Cardiology
Subjects: Male, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Brain Ischemia, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Platelet, fibrin, Acute ischemic stroke, Stroke, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Endovascular Procedures, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Biomechanical Phenomena, thrombectomy, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.medical_specialty, acute stroke, leukocytes, Clinical Neurology, Fibrin, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Thrombus, Acute stroke, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Science & Technology, business.industry, Thrombosis, medicine.disease, Peripheral Vascular Disease, biology.protein, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Neurology (clinical), Neurosciences & Neurology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medical center
Abstract: Background and Purpose: Mechanical properties of thromboemboli play an important role in the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke. However, very limited data on mechanical properties of human stroke thrombi are available. We aimed to mechanically characterize thrombi retrieved with EVT, and to assess the relationship between thrombus composition and thrombus stiffness. Methods: Forty-one thrombi from 19 patients with acute stroke who underwent EVT between July and October 2019 were mechanically analyzed, directly after EVT. We performed unconfined compression experiments and determined tangent modulus at 75% strain (E t75 ) as a measure for thrombus stiffness. Thrombi were histologically analyzed for fibrin/platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, and we assessed the relationship between histological components and E t75 with univariable and multivariable linear mixed regression. Results: Median E t75 was 560 (interquartile range, 393–1161) kPa. In the multivariable analysis, fibrin/platelets were associated with increased E t75 (aβ, 9 [95% CI, 5 to 13]) kPa, erythrocytes were associated with decreased E t75% (aβ, −9 [95% CI, −5 to −13]) kPa. We found no association between leukocytes and E t75 . High platelet values were strongly associated with increased E t75 (aβ, 56 [95% CI, 38–73]). Conclusions: Fibrin/platelet content of thrombi retrieved with EVT for acute ischemic stroke is strongly associated with increased thrombus stiffness. For thrombi with high platelet values, there was a very strong relationship with thrombus stiffness. Our data provide a basis for future research on the development of next-generation EVT devices tailored to thrombus composition.
Published: 2021

14. Common media client data (CMCD)

Author: Abdelhak Bentaleb, Ali C. Begen, Mehmet N. Akcay, Roger Zimmermann, and May Lim
Subjects: Scheme (programming language), Web server, business.industry, Computer science, Quality of service, Content delivery network, computer.software_genre, Video quality, Bandwidth allocation, Server, Bandwidth (computing), business, computer, Computer network, computer.programming_language
Abstract: In September 2020, the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) published the CTA-5004: Common Media Client Data (CMCD) specification. Using this specification, a media client can convey certain information to the content delivery network servers with object requests. This information is useful in log association/analysis, quality of service/experience monitoring and delivery enhancements. This paper is the first step toward investigating the feasibility of CMCD in addressing one of the most common problems in the streaming domain: efficient use of shared bandwidth by multiple clients. To that effect, we implemented CMCD functions on an HTTP server and built a proof-of-concept system with CMCD-aware dash.js clients. We show that even a basic bandwidth allocation scheme enabled by CMCD reduces rebuffering rate and duration without noticeably sacrificing the video quality.
Published: 2021
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15. COSMOS on Steroids

Author: Tankut Akgul, Tugce Erkilic Civelek, Ali C. Begen, and Deniz Ugur
Subjects: Matching (statistics), Range (mathematics), Computer science, business.industry, Disinformation, Cosmos (category theory), Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Differential (infinitesimal), business, Object (philosophy), Term (time), Image (mathematics)
Abstract: The growing prevalence of visual disinformation has become an important problem to solve nowadays. Cheapfake is a new term used for the altered media generated by non-AI techniques. In their recent COSMOS work, the authors developed a self-supervised training strategy that detected whether different captions for a given image were out-of-context, meaning that even though pointing to the same object(s) in the image, the captions implied different meanings. In this paper, we propose four methods to improve the detection accuracy of COSMOS. These methods range from differential sensing and fake-or-fact checking that detect contradicting or fake captions to object-caption matching and threshold adjustment that modify the baseline algorithm for improved accuracy.
Published: 2021
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16. Virtual Interviews in Neurosurgery Resident Selection-A Work in Progress

Author: Akash J. Patel, Alec W Gibson, Ali C. Ravanpay, Caroline Hadley, David J. Caldwell, and Alina Mohanty
Subjects: Resident selection, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Medical education, medicine.medical_specialty, Faculty, Medical, Interview, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Neurosurgery, COVID-19, Internship and Residency, Work in process, Online Systems, United States, Surveys and Questionnaires, Job Application, medicine, Humans, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Introduction Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ACGME recommended all interviews for the 2021 residency application cycle be held virtually. Because this is major shift from neurosurgical interviews in past years, this study aims to evaluate both applicant and interviewer satisfaction of conducting interviews virtually. Methods For faculty, an 11-question online survey was sent to 116 United States neurosurgery training programs. A 14-question online survey was sent to 255 neurosurgery applicants. The resulting data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results From applicants, 118 responses were received. From faculty, 171 individual responses were received. Thirty-five percent (34.7%) of applicants agreed that they were satisfied with the virtual interview process as a whole. Although 44.5% of faculty disagreed with the statement “I would like to replace in-person interviews with virtual interviews in the future”, 57.3% of faculty agreed that they were likely to implement virtual interviews in the future. Conclusions Some things might be better assessed through in-person interviews, but there are clear benefits to virtual interviews. Future iterations of the interview process, incorporating virtual interviews, might help determine how and in which situations virtual interviews can be utilized in future residency application cycles.
Published: 2021

17. Seven-year clinical and mechanical follow-up of a Tetralogy of Fallot patient with severe pulmonary regurgitation

Author: Alexander Hirsch, Willem A. Helbing, Ali C. Akyildiz, Savine C S Minderhoud, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cardiology, and Pediatrics
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary Valve, Time Factors, business.industry, Other Research Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 0], General Medicine, medicine.disease, Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency, Internal medicine, Pulmonary regurgitation, medicine, Cardiology, Tetralogy of Fallot, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 283125.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2021

18. SARS-CoV-2 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). A single center's experience

Author: Ali C Bayraktar, Muhterem Duyu, Gökhan Akkuş, Abdulmelik Bucak, Öykü Tosun, Sevliya Öcal Demir, Hande N Demirel, Kubra Ozturk, Sertac Arslanoglu, and Fahri Ovali
Subjects: myalgia, medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal pain, Ileus, business.industry, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Rash, law.invention, law, Intensive care, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Kawasaki disease, medicine.symptom, business, Myopericarditis
Abstract: BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly defined clinical entity in pediatric ages resembles Kawasaki Disease or toxic shock syndrome. Here we aimed to raise awareness about this SARS-CoV-2 related syndrome. METHODS: Children diagnosed with MIS-C and followed in Pediatric Clinic between November 2020 and January 2021, were included in study. Data about patients' demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcomes were collected from medical records. RESULTS: The median age of 20 children with MIS-C was 80.5 months, 11 of them were male. The most common symptoms at admission were fever (100%), abdominal pain (70%), myalgia (50%), and rash (50%). Lymphopenia, elevated inflammatory markers and cardiac enzymes were their main laboratory findings. Cardiac involvement (90%) consisted of myopericarditis, valvulitis, left ventricular dysfunction, and coronary arteritis. Symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis and ileus were due to gastrointestinal involvement (50%). Macular rash on the trunk, erythema on upper eyelids were striking. Empiric antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin were used in all patients, glucocorticoids (90%), anti-thrombotic (65%) and vasoactive (45%) agents were used according to severity of disease. Response to IVIG treatment was poor, whereas glucocorticoids have dramatic affect. Seven patients (35%) were monitored in intensive care unit, none of them required intubation, mechanic ventilation or ECMO. The median recovery time, that is, the period when fever subside and inflammatory markers returned to normal was 9.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoids has critical role in treatment of MIS-C, early recognition and treatment may decrease need for intensive care by providing rapid recovery.
Published: 2021

19. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author: Harrison E. M., Drake T. M., Ghosh D., Ademuyiwa A. O., Bhangu A., Fitzgerald J. E., Glasbey J., Borda-Luque G., Costas-Chavarri A., Ntirenganya F., Fergusson S. J., Ingabire J. C. A., Ismail L., Lilford R., Mihaljevic A. L., Morton D., Mutabazi A. Z., Adisa A. O., Ots R., Pinkney T., Poskus T., Shaw C. A., Verjee A., Runigamugabo E., Khatri C., Mohan M., Jaffry Z., Altamini A., Kirby A., Soreide K., Cornick J., Iyer D., King S., Arthur T., Nahar S. N., Waterman A., Lawini I., Rouse T., Correa J. C., Salem H. K., Worku M., Arnaud A., Kalles V., Aguilera M. L., Recinos G., Quek R., Altibi A., Whitaker J., Bent Z., Al-Slaibi I., Tahboub H., Alser O. H., Shu S., Mironescu A., Bratu M., Altwijri A., Alsaggaf M. U., Jubran A. F., Seisay S., Jeyakumar J., Senanayake K., Abdulbagi O., Raptis D., Kong C., Suresh S., Scott M., Grizhja B., Ymeri S., Galiqi G., Klappenbach R., Antezana D., Beleno A. E. M., Costa C., Sanchez B., Aviles S., Modolo M. M., Fermani C. G., Balmaceda R., Villalobos S., Carmona J. M., Hamill D., Deutschmann P., Sandler S., Cox D., Nataraja R., Sharpin C., Ljuhar D., Gray D., Haines M., Niranjan N., D'Amours S., Ashtari M., Franco H., Mitul A. R., Karim S., Aman N. F., Estee M. M., Salma U., Razzaque J., Hamidkanta T., Tori S., Alamin Md. S., Roy S., Al Amin Md. S., Haque M., Faruq A., Iftekhar F., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Jonnalagadda R., Litvin A., Filatau A., Paulouski D., Shubianok M., Shachykava T., Khokha D., Khokha V., Djivoh F., Lawani I., Dossou F., Seto D. M., Gbessi D. G., Noukpozounkou B., Souaibou Y. I., Keke K. R., Hodonou F., Ahounou E., Alihonou T., Denakpo M., Ahlonsou G., Bedada A. G., Nsengiyumva C., Kwizera S., Barendegere V., Choi P., Stock S., Jamal L., Firdouse M., Zani A., Azzie G., Kushwaha S., Agarwal A., Chen T. -L., Yip C., Montes I., Zapata F., Sierra S., Lanau M. I. V., Arango M. C. M., Restrepo I. M., Giraldo R. S. R., Mendozaarango M., Domini E., Karlo R., Mihanovic J., Youssef M., Elfeki H., Thabet W., Sanad A., Tawfik G., Zaki A., Abdel-Hameed N., Mostafa M., Omar M. F. W., Ghanem A., Abdallah E., Denewer A., Emara E., Rashad E., Sakr A., Elashry R., Emile S., Khafagy T., Elhamouly S., Elfarargy A., Mamdouhmohamed A., Saiednagy G., Esam A., Elwy E., Hammad A., Khallaf S., Ibrahim E., Saidbadr A., Moustafa A., Eldosoukymohammed A., Elgheriany M., Abdelmageed E., Al Raouf E. A., Elbanby E., Elmasry M., Morsyfarahat M., Yahyamansor E., Magdyhegazy E., Gamal E., Gamal H., Kandil H., Maherabdelrouf D., Moaty M., Gamal D., El-Sagheer N., Salah M., Magdy S., Salah A., Essam A., Ali A., Badawy M., Ahmed S., Mohamed M., Assal A., Sleem M., Ebidy M., Abdelrazek A., Zahran D., Adam N., Nazir M., Hassanein A. B., Ismail A., Elsawy A., Mamdouh R., Mabrouk M., Ahmed L. A. M., Hassabalnaby M., Magdy E., Abd-Elmawla M., Fahim M., Mowafy B., Mahmoud M. I., Allam M., Alkelani M., El Gendy N. H., Aboul-Naga M. S., Alaael-Din R., Elgendy A. H., Ismail M., Shalaby M., Elsharkawy A. A., Moghazy M. E., Elbisomy K. H., Shakshouk H. A. G., Hamed M. F., Ebidy M. M., Abdelkader M., Karkeet M., Ahmed H., Adel I., Omar M. E., Ibrahim M., Ghoneim O., Hesham O., Gamal S., Hilal K., Arafa O., Awad S. A., Salem M., Elsherif F. A., Elsabbagh N., Aboelsoud M. R., Rida A. H. E. F., Hossameldin A., Hany E., Asar Y. H., Anwar N., Gadelkarim M., Abdelhady S., Morshedy E. M., Saad R., Soliman N., Salama M., Ezzat E., Mohamed A., Ibrahim A., Fergany A., Mohammed S., Reda A., Allam Y., Saad H. A., Abdelfatah A., Fathy A. M., El-Sehily A., Kasem E. A., Hassan A. T. A., Mohammed A. R., Saad A. G., Elfouly Y., Elfouly N., Hassaan A., Mohammed M. M., Elhoseny G., Magdy M., Elkhalek E. A., Zakaria Y., Ezzat T., El Dahab A. A., Kelany M., Arafa S., Hassan O. M. M., Badwi N. M., Sleem A. S., Abdelbadeai K., Abdullah M. A., Lokman M., Bahar S., Radyabdelazeam A., Adelshone A., Hasnan M. B., Zulkifli A., Kamarulzamil S. 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K., Hamdymadkor M., Abdelaty M., Kader S. M., Mohamedsalah O., Eldafrawy M., Zakieldeeb A., Mahmoudeid M., Attia A., El-Dien K. S., Shwky A., Badenjki M. A., Soliman A., Al Attar S. M., Sayed F., Abdelsabour F., Azizeldine M. G., Shawqi M., Hashim A., Aamer A., Raouf A. M. A., Abdelshakour M., Mahmoud B., Mahmoud M. A., Qenawy M., Rashed A. M., Dahy A., Sayed M., Shamsedine A. W., Mohamed B., Hasan A., Saad M. M., Abdulbassit K., Khalidabdelatif N., Elzahed N., Elkashash A., Bekhet N. M., Hafez S., Gad A., Maher M. E., Abdelsameea A., Hafez M., Sabe A., Ahmed A., Shahine A., Dawood K., Gaafar S., Husseiny R., Aboelmagd O., Mesbah N., Emadeldin H., Almeligy A., Bekhet A. H., Hasan D., Alhady K., Sabe A. K., Elnajjar M. A., Aboelella M., Hamsho W., Hassan I., Saad H., Abdelazim G., Mahmoud H., Wael N., Kandil A. M., Magdy A., Saidelkholy S., Adel B., Dabbour K., Elsherbiney S., Mattar O., Abdrabou A. K., Aly M. Y. M., Geuoshy A., Elnagar A., Abdelmotaleb I., Saleh A. A., Mohammedbakry H., Saeed M., Mahmoud S., Tawfik B., Ismail S. A., Zakaria E., Gad M. O., Elhelbawy M., Bassem M., Khaledabdel-Latif N., Maraie N., Elhadary N. M., Semeda N., Rabiemohamed S., Bakry H. M., Essam A. A., Tarek D., Ashour K., Elhadad A., Abdel-Aty A., Rakha I., Matter S. M., Abdelhamed R., Abdelkader O., Soliman Y., Ghanem S., Farouk S. A. M., Ibrahim E. M., El-Taher E., Mahrousbadr M., El-Sawy R. E. A., Bakr A., Al Rafati A. A. R., Saar S., Reinsoo A., Talving P., Seyoum N., Worku T., Fitsum A., Tolonen M., Leppaniemi A., Sallinen V., Parmentier B., Peycelon M., Irtan S., Dardenne S., Robert E., Maillot B., Courboin E., Arnaud A. P., Hascoet J., Abbo O., Kaci A. 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O., Oshati O., Ihediwa G., Adenekan B., Nwinee V., Alakaloko F., Ademuyiwa A., Elebute O., Lawal A., Bode C., Olugbemi M., Adesina A., Faturoti O., Odutola O., Adebola O., Onuoha C., Taiwo O., Williams O., Balogun F., Ajai O., Oludara M., Njokanma I., Osuoji R., Kache S., Ajah J., Makama J., Adamu A., Baba S., Aliyu M., Aliyu S., Ukwenya Y., Aliyu H., Sholadoye T., Daniyan M., Ogunsua O., Anyanwu L. -J., Sheshe A., Mohammad A., Olori S. D., Mshelbwala P., Odeyemi B., Samson G., Timothy O. K., Samuel S. A., Ajiboye A., Amole I., Abiola O., Olaolorun A., Veen T., Kanani A., Styles K., Herikstad R., Larsen J. W., Soreide J. A., Jensen E., Gran M., Aahlin E. K., Gaarder T., Monrad-Hansen P. W., Naess P. A., Lauzikas G., Wiborg J., Holte S., Augestad K., Banipal G., Monteleone M., Moe T., Schultz J., Al-Taher T., Hamdan A., Salman A., Saadeh R., Musleh A., Jaradat D., Abushamleh S., Hanoun S., Qumbos A. A., Hamarshi A., Taher A. 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B., Moore R., Jennings V., Leusink A., Kariem N., Gouws J., Chu K., Bougard H., Noor F., Dell A., Rayne S., van Straten S., Khamajeet A., Tshisola S. K., Kabongo K., Kong V., Moodley Y., Anderson F., Madiba T., du Plooy F., Hartford L., Chilton G., Karjiker P., Mabitsela M., Ndlovu S., Badicel M., Jaich R., Ruiz-Tovar J., Garcia-Florez L., Otero-Diez J. L., Ramosperez V., Aguadosuarez N., Garcia J. M., Moreno S. C., Collado M. V., Carneros V. J., Septiem J. G., Gonzalez M., Picardo A., Esteban E., Ferrero E., Ortega I., Espin-Basany E., Blanco-Colino R., Andriola V., Lorena I., Contreras E., Garciabernardo C., Pagnozzi J., Sanz S., Miyardeleon A., Dorisme A., Rodicio J., Suarez A., Stuva J., Diazvico T., Fernandez-Vega L., Soldevila-Verdeguer C., Sena-Ruiz F., Pujol-Cano N., Diaz-Jover P., Garcia-Perez J. M., Segura-Sampedro J. J., Pineno-Flores C., Ambrona-Zafra D., Craus-Miguel A., Jimenez-Morillas P., Mazzella A., Jayathilake A. B., Thalgaspitiya S. P. B., Wijayarathna L. 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D., Irwin G., Johnston R., Gani M., Gravante G., Rajmohan S., Majid K., Dindyal S., Smith C., Palliyil M., Patel S., Nicholson L., Harvey N., Baillie K., Shillito S., Kershaw S., Bamford R., Orton P., Reunis E., Tyler R., Soon W., Jama G. M., Dhillon D., Patel K., Nanthakumaran S., Heard R., Chen K. Y., Barmayehvar B., Datta U., Kamarajah S. K., Iftekhartani S., Monaghan E., Donnelly P., Walker M., Parakh J., Blacker S., Kaul A., Paramasivan A., Farag S., Nessa A., Awadallah S., Lim J., Cheankhunng J., Gash K., Kiran R. P., Murray A., Etchill E., Dasari M., Puyana J., Haddad N., Zielinski M., Choudhry A., Caliman C., Beamon M., Duane T., Narayanan R., Swaroop M., Myers J., Deal R., Schadde E., Hemmila M., Napolitano L., To K., Makupe A., Musowoya J., Maimbo M., van der Naald N., Kumwenda D., Reece-Smith A., Otten K., Verbeek A., Prins M., Suarez A. A. B., Deane C., Dijan E., Elfiky M., Koskenvuo L., Thollot A., Limoges B., Capito C., Alexandre C., Kotobi H., Leroux J., Pinnagoda K., Henric N., Azzis O., Rosello O., Francois P., Etienne S., Buisson P., Hmila S., Clegg-Lamptey J. -N., Imoro O., Abem O. E., Papageorgiou D., Soulou V., Asturias S., Pena L., Connor D. B. O., Luc A. R., Russo A. A., Ruzzenente A., Taddei A., Cona C., Bottini C., Pascale G., Rotunno G., Solaini L., Pascale M. M., Notarnicola M., Corbellino M., Sacco M., Ubiali P., Cautiero R., Bocchetti T., Muzio E., Guglielmo V., Morandi E., Mao P., de Luca E., Ali F. M., Strupas K., Kondrotas P., Baltrunas R., Kutkevicius J., Ignatavicius P., Tan C. L., Siaw J. Y., Yam S. Y., Wilson L., Aziz M. R. A., Bondin J., Zorrilla C. D., Majbar A., Sale D., Abdullahi L., Osagie O., Faboya O., Fatuga A., Taiwo A., Nwabuoku E., Bliksoen M., Khan Z. A., Coronel J., Miranda C., Vasquez I., Helguero-Santin L. M., Rickard J., Adedeji A., Alqahtani S., Rath M., van Niekerk M., Koto M. Z., Matos-Puig R., Israelsson L., Schuetz T., Yuksek M. A., Mericliler M., Wolf B., Fairfield C., Yong G. L., Whitehurst K., Redgrave N., Musyoka C. K., Olivier J., Lee K., Cox M., Farhan-Alanie M. M. H., Callan R., Chibuye C., Ali T. H. A., Rekhis S., Rommaneh M., Sam Z. H., Pugliesi T. B., Pardo G., Harrison, E. M., Drake, T. M., Ghosh, D., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Bhangu, A., Fitzgerald, J. E., Glasbey, J., Borda-Luque, G., Costas-Chavarri, A., Ntirenganya, F., Fergusson, S. J., Ingabire, J. C. A., Ismail, L., Lilford, R., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Mutabazi, A. Z., Adisa, A. O., Ots, R., Pinkney, T., Poskus, T., Shaw, C. A., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Khatri, C., Mohan, M., Jaffry, Z., Altamini, A., Kirby, A., Soreide, K., Cornick, J., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Lawini, I., Rouse, T., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Worku, M., Arnaud, A., Kalles, V., Aguilera, M. 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B., Deane, C., Dijan, E., Elfiky, M., Koskenvuo, L., Thollot, A., Limoges, B., Capito, C., Alexandre, C., Kotobi, H., Leroux, J., Pinnagoda, K., Henric, N., Azzis, O., Rosello, O., Francois, P., Etienne, S., Buisson, P., Hmila, S., Clegg-Lamptey, J. -N., Imoro, O., Abem, O. E., Papageorgiou, D., Soulou, V., Asturias, S., Pena, L., Connor, D. B. O., Luc, A. R., Russo, A. A., Ruzzenente, A., Taddei, A., Cona, C., Bottini, C., Pascale, G., Rotunno, G., Solaini, L., Pascale, M. M., Notarnicola, M., Corbellino, M., Sacco, M., Ubiali, P., Cautiero, R., Bocchetti, T., Muzio, E., Guglielmo, V., Morandi, E., Mao, P., de Luca, E., Ali, F. M., Strupas, K., Kondrotas, P., Baltrunas, R., Kutkevicius, J., Ignatavicius, P., Tan, C. L., Siaw, J. Y., Yam, S. Y., Wilson, L., Aziz, M. R. A., Bondin, J., Zorrilla, C. D., Majbar, A., Sale, D., Abdullahi, L., Osagie, O., Faboya, O., Fatuga, A., Taiwo, A., Nwabuoku, E., Bliksoen, M., Khan, Z. A., Coronel, J., Miranda, C., Vasquez, I., Helguero-Santin, L. 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B., Pardo, G., HUS Abdominal Center, II kirurgian klinikka, Department of Anatomy, Pertti Panula / Principal Investigator, Clinicum, M Drake, Thoma, Pata, Francesco, Ghosh, Dhruv, O Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Arnaud, Alexi, Bhangu, Aneel, Edward Fitzgerald, J, Glasbey, Jame, M Harrison, Ewen, Lorena Aguilera, Maria, Alexander, Philip, W Al-Saqqa, Sara, Borda-Luque, Giuliano, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Ntirenganya, Faustin, J Fergusson, Stuart, C Allen Ingabire, J, Ismaïl, Lawani, Khairy Salem, Hosni, Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Anyomih, Carmela Lapitan, Marie, Lilford, Richard, L Mihaljevic, Andre, Morton, Dion, Zeta Mutabazi, Alphonse, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, O Adisa, Adewale, Ots, Riinu, Pinkney, Thoma, Poškus, Toma, Uzair Qureshi, Ahmad, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Rayne, Sarah, A Shaw, Catherine, Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Smart, Neil, Tabiri, Stephen, Verjee, Azmina, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Khatri, Chetan, Mohan, Midhun, Jaffry, Zahra, Altamini, Afnan, Kirby, Andrew, Soreide, Kjetil, Recinos, 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Ella, Irwin, Gareth, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Scott, Mark, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Enrique MendozaBeleño, Alvaro, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Gabriel Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Manuel Carmona, Juan, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Rahman Mitul, Ashrarur, Karim, Sabbir, F Aman, Nowrin, Mahfuz Estee, Mahnuma, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Hamidkanta, Tasnia, Tori, Sayeedaaktar, Shadid Alamin, Md, Roy, Swapnil, Shadid Al Amin, Md, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar Margaret, Farhana, Padmore O'Shea, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, 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Mahmoud, Basma, Ali Mahmoud, Mohamed, Qenawy, Mostafa, M Rashed, Ahmed, Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, W Shamsedine, Ahmed, Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, M Saad, Mahmoud, Abdulbassit, Khalil, Khalidabdelatif, Nadia, Elzahed, Nada, Elkashash, Ahmed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Elkhadragy Maher, Mahmoud, Abdelsameea, Ahmed, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Kalles, Vassili, Mohamed Bekheta, Nada, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Almeligy, Amgad, Hassan Bekhet, Amira, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Khaled Sabe, Ahmad, A Elnajjar, Mahmoud, Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, M Kandil, Ahmedali, Magdy, Ahmed, Saidelkholy, Shimaa, Adel, Badreldineadel, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Khaled Abdrabou, Abdulshafi, Yahia mohamedAly, Mohammed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, 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Nirumal, Milaksh, GohErn Tze, R, WahhabEusoffee WanAli, Syedabdul, Yee Gan, Yiing, Ron SwireTing, Jesse, S YSii, Samuel, Leong Koay, Kean, Koon Tan, Yi, EeZhiun Cheah, Alvin, Yee Wong, Chui, Nur'Azmah TuanMat, Tuan, Yern NeeChow, Crystal, Al Har, Prisca, Der, Yishan, Yong Tew, Yong, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Theng Neo, Ya, Ee Heng, Hian, Ning Kong, Shu, Gan, Cheewei, Ting Mok, Yi, Wen Tan, Yee, Palayan, Kandasami, Devatata, Mahadevan, Jeng Cheong, Yih, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, NurulAin WanMohdNasir, Wan, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Xian Lee, Eu, Er Saw, Jian, Jing Yeang, Li, Ying Koh, Pei, Yee Lim, Shyang, Yi Te, Shuang, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Doris Brincat, Svetlana, Tembo, Thelma, ThanhHien Le, Vu, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre', Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgettemarie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, 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Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Mahmoud Ali, Farah, Žilinskas, Justa, Strupas, Kestuti, Kondrotas, Pauliu, Baltrunas, Roberta, Kutkevicius, Juoza, Ignatavicius, Povila, Ling Tan, Choy, Yng Siaw, Jia, Young Yam, Sir, Wilson, Ling, Rezal Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Bondin, John, Diaz Zorrilla, Carmina, Majbar, Ana, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Ali Khan, Zain, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, M Helguero-Santin, Lui, Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Zacharia Koto, Modise, Matos-Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobia, Arif Yuksek, Mahmut, Mericliler, Meric, Uluşahin, Mehmet, Wolf, Bernhard, Fairfield, Cameron, Liang Yong, Guo, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, K Musyoka, Caroluce, Olivier, Jame, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, H Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Tebian, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Hao Sam, Zi, Lawani, Ismail, Brunelli Pugliesi, Thay, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, and GlobalSurg Collaborative: Aneel Bhangu, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J Fergusson, James Glasbey, Jc Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M Harrison, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba Maimbo, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta, Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Andrey Litvin, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou 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Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd-Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Abdel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman Kz Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa El Halawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya Abdelfatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, 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Ahmed Saleh, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A A Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benogreît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, 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Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S Y Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca Al Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu 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Shaheen, Azher Herebat, Aram Abdelhaq, Ahmad Shalabi, Maram Abu-Toyour, Fatema Asi, Ala Shamasneh, Anwar Atiyeh, Mousa Mustafa, Rula Zaa'treh, Majd Dabboor, Enas Alaloul, Heba Baraka, Jehad Meqbil, Alaa Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed Elshami, Samah Afana, Sahar Jaber, Said Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda, Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider, Sara Al-Saqqa, Alaa Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa Hasanain, Hadeel Al-Farram, Maram Salah, Aya Firwana, Marwa Hamdan, Israa Awad, Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi, Ahmed Alkhatib, Maha Al-Faqawi, Mohamed Fares, Amjad Elmashala, Mohammad Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi, Reem Khreishi, Rose Khreishi, Ahmad Ashour, Ahed Ghaben, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O'Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo, Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar Razuri, Nadia Ortiz, Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Bárbara Málaga, Joselyn Ye, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly Del Pilar Paucar, Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta, John Jemuel V Mora, Menold Archee P Redota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa B Maño, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon, Maciej Walędziak, Rafał Roszkowski, Michał Janik, Anna Lasek, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Cristina Fernandes, Jose Costa-Maia, Renato Melo, Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida, Mariuca Popa, Hogea Mircea, Mihaela Vartic, Bogdan Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut Negoi, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Norbert Uzabumwana, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo, Elio Jovine, Nicola Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo, Murad Aljiffry, Faisal Idris, Mohammed Saleh A Alghamdi, Ashraf Maghrabi, Abdulmalik Altaf, Aroub Alkaaki, Ahmad Khoja, Abrar Nawawi, Sondos Turkustani, Eyad Khalifah, Adel Albiety, Sarah Sahel, Reham Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi, Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz, Mazen Hassanain, Basmah Alhassan, Abdullah Altamimi, Reem Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Afnan Altamimi, Thamer Nouh, Roaa Khan, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic, Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, Sule Burger, D C Grobler, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Rachel Moore, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Kathryn Chu, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Victor Kong, Yoshan Moodley, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Esther Ferrero, Eloy Espin-Basany, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solar García, Elisa Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A B Jayathilake, Spb Thalgaspitiya, L S Wijayarathna, Pmsn Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali Adam, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adiyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Kudir Tomas, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Naomi Wright, Clare Skerritt, Dorothy Kufeji, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Stephen O'Neill, Catrin Jones, Stephen Knight, Dima Nassif, Abhishek Sharma, Oliver Warren, Rebecca White, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Ashish Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar, Joshua Luck, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Jonathan Lund, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Stefano Giuliani, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Natalie Blencowe, Kirk Bowling, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther Hg Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Aki Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels van der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O'Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia de Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Ulusahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, Ruth Blanco
Subjects: Male, paediatric, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Primary outcome, gastro-enterologic surgery, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, paediatrics, Prospective cohort study, Child, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Original Research, lcsh:R5-920, Paediatric surgery, Health Policy, Human development (humanity), 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, surgical infection, Female, lcsh:Medicine (General), Surgical site infection, Cohort study, Human, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION, Adolescent, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, lcsh:RC109-216, In patient, Human Development Index, business.industry, Kirurgi, Risk Factor, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Digestive System Surgical Procedure, GLOBAL BURDEN, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, Surgery, Prospective Studie, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract: Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p
Published: 2020

20. Morphometric and Mechanical Analyses of Calcifications and Fibrous Plaque Tissue in Carotid Arteries for Plaque Rupture Risk Assessment

Author: Anton F. W. van der Steen, Daniel Bos, Hence J.M. Verhagen, Bas Vis, Hilary E. Barrett, Ali C. Akyildiz, Frank J. H. Gijsen, Amir A. Zadpoor, Cardiology, Surgery, Epidemiology, and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
Subjects: Morphology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Carotid arteries, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Lumen (anatomy), Histopathology, 02 engineering and technology, Stress, Risk Assessment, Stress level, Fibrous plaque, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Optical fiber dispersion, Organizations, business.industry, Plaque rupture, Calcinosis, Histology, medicine.disease, Atherosclerosis, 020601 biomedical engineering, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Stress, Mechanical, business, Calcification
Abstract: Objective: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture in carotid arteries is a major source of cerebrovascular events. Calcifications are highly prevalent in carotid plaques, but their role in plaque rupture remains poorly understood. This work studied the morphometric features of calcifications in carotid plaques and their effect on the stress distribution in the fibrous plaque tissue at the calcification interface, as a potential source of plaque rupture and clinical events. Methods: A comprehensive morphometric analysis of 65 histology cross-sections from 16 carotid plaques was performed to identify the morphology (size and shape) and location of plaque calcifications, and the fibrous tissue fiber organization around them. Calcification-specific finite element models were constructed to examine the fibrous plaque tissue stresses at the calcification interface. Statistical correlation analysis was performed to elucidate the impact of calcification morphology and fibrous tissue organization on interface stresses. Results: Hundred-seventy-one calcifications were identified on the histology cross-sections, which showed great variation in morphology. Four distinct patterns of fiber organization in the plaque tissue were observed around the calcification. They were termed as attached, pushed-aside, encircling and random patterns. The stress analyses showed that calcifications are correlated with high interface stresses, which might be comparable to or even above the plaque strength. The stress levels depended on the calcification morphology and fiber organization. Thicker calcification with a circumferential slender shape, located close to the lumen were correlated most prominently to high interface stresses. Conclusion : Depending on its morphology and the fiber organization around it, a calcification in an atherosclerotic plaque can act as a stress riser and cause high interface stresses. Significance: This study demonstrated the potential of calcifications in atherosclerotic plaques to cause elevated stresses in plaque tissue and provided a biomechanical explanation for the histopathological findings of calcification-associated plaque rupture.
Published: 2021

21. Serial MRI-based right ventricular mechanical wall stress measurements and their association with right ventricle function in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Author: Scs Minderhoud, Isabella Kardys, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Jolanda J. Wentzel, Alexander Hirsch, Willem A. Helbing, Ali C. Akyildiz, and F Marin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Wall stress, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventricle, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Tetralogy of Fallot
Abstract: Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Stichting Hartekind en Thorax Foundation Background Optimal timing of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients remains challenging. Wall stress is considered to be a possible early marker of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. With patient-specific computational models, wall stress can be determined regionally and with high accuracy, especially in complex shaped ventricles such as in TOF patients. We aimed to 1) develop patient-specific computational models to assess RV diastolic wall stresses and 2) investigate the association of wall stresses and their change over time with functional parameters in TOF patients. Methods Repaired TOF patients with at least moderate pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and prior to PVR were included. MRI-based patient-specific computational ventricular models were created (figure). The ventricular geometry was created by stacking endo- and epicardial contours traced on short axis SSFP cine images. Pressure in the right ventricle was estimated from echocardiography. Mid-diastolic wall stress in the RV free wall was analysed globally and regionally (basal, mid, apical, anterior, lateral and posterior) at two time points. RV ejection fraction (RVEF), NT-proBNP and exercise tests (% maximum predicted workload) were used as outcomes for RV function. Associations between wall stresses and outcomes were investigated using linear mixed models adjusted for follow-up duration. Results Five males and five females were included with an age at baseline of 24 (IQR 16-28) years and RV end-diastolic volume of 140 (IQR 127-144) ml/m2. The period between the two time points was 7.0 (IQR 5.8-7.3) years. Global wall stress of the RV free wall combining both time points was 5.8 kPa (IQR 5.2-7.2). There was no statistical difference between baseline and follow-up global wall stress. The mean wall stresses in the mid region was 1.69 kPa (p Conclusions This study generated a novel MRI-based method to calculate wall stress in geometrically complex ventricles. Wall stress associated negatively with RVEF in patients with TOF and PR. This promising tool for RV wall stress analysis can be used in future larger studies to validate these preliminary findings and to assess the predictive value of wall stress in TOF. Abstract Figure.
Published: 2021
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22. Corporate Governance and Fraud

Author: Ali C. Akyol
Subjects: business.industry, Corporate governance, Accounting, business
Published: 2020
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23. Stereotactic Brain Biopsy Hemorrhage Risk Factors and Implications for Postoperative Care at a Single Institution: An Argument For Postoperative Imaging

Author: Liam T. Sullivan, Ariana S. Barkley, Ali C. Ravanpay, David Camacho, Jason Barber, Alec W Gibson, Daniel L. Silbergeld, and Andrew L. Ko
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Open biopsy, Radiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Biopsy, Postoperative Hemorrhage, Neurosurgical Procedures, Stereotaxic Techniques, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine, Humans, Single institution, Craniotomy, Fisher's exact test, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain Neoplasms, Brain biopsy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, symbols, Female, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Glioblastoma
Abstract: Objective To determine preoperative factors contributing to postoperative hemorrhage after stereotactic brain biopsy (STB), clinical implications of postoperative hemorrhage, and the role of postoperative imaging in clinical management. Methods Retrospective review of STB (2005–2018) across 2 institutions including patients aged >18 years undergoing first STB. Patients with prior craniotomy, open biopsy, or prior STB were excluded. Preoperative variables included age, sex, neurosurgeon seniority, STB method. Postoperative variables included pathology, postoperative hemorrhage on computed tomography, immediate and 30-day postoperative seizure, infection, postoperative hospital stay duration, and 30-day return to operating room (OR). Analysis used the Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. Results Overall, 410 patients were included. Average age was 56.5 (±16.5) years; 60% (n = 248) were men. The majority of biopsies were performed by senior neurosurgeons (66%, n = 270); frontal lobe (42%, n = 182) and glioblastoma (45%, n = 186) were the most common location and pathology. Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 28% (114) of patients with 20% 0.05 cm3. Postoperative hemorrhage of any size was associated with increased rate of postoperative deficit within both 24 hours and 30 days, postoperative seizure, and length of hospital stay when controlling for pathology. Hemorrhages >0.05 cm3 had a 16% higher rate of return to the OR for evacuation, due to clinical deterioration as opposed to radiographic progression. Conclusions Postbiopsy hemorrhage was associated with higher risk of immediate and delayed postoperative deficit and seizure. Postoperative computed tomography should be used to determine whether STB patients can be discharged same day or admitted for observation; clinical evaluation should determine return to OR for evacuation.
Published: 2020

24. P0620OXIDANT-INDUCED RENAL PRECONDITIONING BIOMARKERS FOR AKI PREVENTION WITH RBT-1

Author: Jeff Keyser, Stacey Ruiz, Richard A. Zager, Guillem Alvaro F, Bhupinder Singh, Ali C. M. Johnson, and Henrik Rasmussen
Subjects: Oncology, Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, urologic and male genital diseases, business
Abstract: Background and Aims Ischemic preconditioning has shown tissue protective effects in various organs including kidneys in animal models. However, the translation of these findings to human acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been successful, at least partly because of difficulty in simulating an ischemic state, as attempted by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). RBT-1 is a novel therapeutic composed of SnPP (tin protoporphyrin) and FeS (iron sucrose) and was designed to induce non-ischemic, oxidant renal preconditioning to prevent AKI. It has shown efficacy in various models of AKI: glycerol-induced (rhabdomyolysis), maleate (ATP depletion), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and post-AKI progression to CKD (long-term progression). This study investigated the mechanism of action of RBT-1 in mice, and its translation to the clinical setting. Method Male CD-1 mice were pretreated with control or RBT-1 for 18 hours; animals were then sacrificed for assessment of biomarkers of cytoprotection. Nrf2-/- mice were treated for 18 hours with RBT-1 prior to indication of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); AKI was assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine (PCr). Patients with CKD (Stage 3 and 4) were enrolled in Phase 1 studies of FeS and SnPP and cytoprotective biomarkers were assessed. Results In mice, RBT-1 significantly increased several Nrf2-dependent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory genes, such as HO-1, NQO1, SRXN1, and GCLC. RBT-1 also increased cytoprotective heavy chain ferritin (Fhc) levels. Nrf2-/- mice were resistant to RBT-1-mediated protection against AKI. At baseline, CKD patients had elevated plasma HO-1 and urinary NQO1 levels. Ferritin and hemopexin levels were also elevated at baseline. RBT-1 components were shown to further increase HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and hemopexin in patients with CKD. Conclusion RBT-1 represents a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of AKI. It mediates kidney protection by upregulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. Translation of RBT-1-mediated upregulation of cytoprotective markers has been demonstrated in the clinic in patients with CKD. These data, along with the broad range of RBT-1 activity previously shown in various models of AKI, highlight the potential of RBT-1 in AKI and suggest oxidant-induced renal preconditioning may be protective in preventing AKI.
Published: 2020
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25. When they go high, we go low

Author: Abdelhak Bentaleb, Mehmet N. Akcay, Ali C. Begen, May Lim, and Roger Zimmermann
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Heuristic (computer science), Latency (audio), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Throughput, 02 engineering and technology, Live streaming, Dash, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Latency (engineering), business, Adaptation (computer science), Computer network
Abstract: Live streaming remains a challenge in the adaptive streaming space due to the stringent requirements for not just quality and rebuffering, but also latency. Many solutions have been proposed to tackle streaming in general, but only few have looked into better catering to the more challenging low-latency live streaming scenarios. In this paper, we re-visit and extend several important components (collectively called Low-on-Latency, LoL) in adaptive streaming systems to enhance the low-latency performance. LoL includes bitrate adaptation (both heuristic and learning-based), playback control and throughput measurement modules.
Published: 2020
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26. HTTP adaptive streaming over multiple network interfaces

Author: Burak Kara, Ali C. Begen, and Sarp Ozturk
Subjects: Task (computing), User experience design, Computer science, business.industry, Default gateway, media_common.quotation_subject, Latency (audio), Quality (business), Network interface, Network conditions, business, Computer network, media_common
Abstract: Enhancing user experience in streaming applications is an important problem. Delivering the best quality possible for the given network conditions is not an easy task. In the case of a streaming client running in a multi-homed network, this problem becomes more complicated. In the simplest form, one network can be picked randomly or based on some criteria, and the streaming client solely uses that network. In another form, multiple networks can be simultaneously used by the streaming client and due to the aggregation, doing so may deliver better and more stable quality, and at a lower latency than using either of the networks individually. However, using multiple networks simultaneously is not trivial in certain scenarios. In this demo, we present a gateway-based solution where the gateway is connected to two different networks and dynamically decides which network(s) to use for streaming while hiding all the decision complexity from the streaming clients behind it. In other words, our solution is transparent to the streaming clients, which means any existing client can benefit from this solution without any changes.
Published: 2020
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27. A Survey on Bitrate Adaptation Schemes for Streaming Media Over HTTP

Author: Roger Zimmermann, Abdelhak Bentaleb, Bayan Taani, Christian Timmerer, and Ali C. Begen
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Quality of service, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Admission control, Network congestion, Server, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Key (cryptography), Bandwidth (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Quality of experience, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Adaptation (computer science), Computer network
Abstract: In this survey, we present state-of-the-art bitrate adaptation algorithms for HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS). As a key distinction from other streaming approaches, the bitrate adaptation algorithms in HAS are chiefly executed at each client, i.e. , in a distributed manner. The objective of these algorithms is to ensure a high quality of experience (QoE) for viewers in the presence of bandwidth fluctuations due to factors like signal strength, network congestion, network reconvergence events, etc. While such fluctuations are common in public Internet, they can also occur in home networksor even managed networks where there is often admission control and QoS tools. Bitrate adaptation algorithms may take factors like bandwidth estimations, playback buffer fullness, device features, viewer preferences, and content features into account, albeit with different weights. Since the viewer’s QoE needs to be determined in real-time during playback, objective metrics are generally used including number of buffer stalls, duration of startup delay, frequency and amount of quality oscillations, and video instability. By design, the standards for HAS do not mandate any particular adaptation algorithm, leaving it to system builders to innovate and implement their own method. This survey provides an overview of the different methods proposed over the last several years.
Published: 2019
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28. A comprehensive study of properties of paraffin phase change materials for solar thermal energy storage and thermal management applications

Author: Samer Kahwaji, Dominic Groulx, Ali C. Kheirabadi, Michel B. Johnson, and Mary Anne White
Subjects: Materials science, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal energy storage, 7. Clean energy, Heat capacity, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Thermal conductivity, Thermal, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Thermal stability, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Enthalpy of fusion, Building and Construction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Solar energy, Pollution, Phase-change material, General Energy, 13. Climate action, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Paraffins are useful as phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES) via their melting transition, Tmpt. Paraffins with Tmpt between 30 and 60 °C have particular utility in improving the efficiency of solar energy capture systems and for thermal buffering of electronics and batteries. However, there remain critical knowledge gaps concerning the properties of paraffin PCMs, including their long-term reliability and chemical compatibility. Therefore, we have undertaken a thorough, comprehensive study of the thermophysical properties, long-term stability and chemical compatibility of six widely useful paraffin PCMs. The PCMs investigated include three pure alkanes, nonadecane, eicosane, docosane, and three commercial blends of paraffin waxes. For each PCM, we accurately determined Tmpt, the latent heat of fusion, the density of the solid phase and the temperature dependences of the heat capacity and thermal conductivity. For the first time, we show the thermal stability of the PCMs after 3000 melt-freeze cycles, and their chemical compatibilities with 17 different metallic and plastic materials used for encapsulation and in composites and fillers. These results provide necessary information to improve energy modeling and analysis for existing and emerging TES applications, and guide the selection of reliable paraffin PCMs and encapsulation materials for such applications.
Published: 2018
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29. QoE-Aware Bandwidth Broker for HTTP Adaptive Streaming Flows in an SDN-Enabled HFC Network

Author: Abdelhak Bentaleb, Roger Zimmermann, and Ali C. Begen
Subjects: Channel allocation schemes, Computer science, business.industry, Hybrid fibre-coaxial, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Bandwidth allocation, Bandwidth Broker, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, Bandwidth (computing), Overhead (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Quality of experience, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Software-defined networking, Computer network
Abstract: This paper proposes a software defined networking based bandwidth broker solution for improving viewer experience for any type of content delivered to any type of consumer device using HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) in a hybrid fiber coax network. This solution is designed to meet per-session and per-group quality-of-experience objectives, to avoid common HAS culprits such as video instability, unfair and unequal quality distribution and network resource underutilization, and to scale to a large number of concurrent HAS sessions without introducing too much overhead. The mathematical framework behind our solution solves a convex optimization problem, which relies on a concave network utility maximization function. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution over the state-of-the-art bitrate adaptation and bandwidth allocation schemes.
Published: 2018
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30. A Framework for Adaptive Delivery of Omnidirectional Video

Author: Ali C. Begen and Christian Timmerer
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Omnidirectional antenna
Published: 2018
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31. A preventable syndrome for a precious baby

Author: Arshad Ali C, Tharun C Varghese, and Sreenivasan Vk
Subjects: Asphyxia, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Heart disease, business.industry, Warfarin, Fetal warfarin syndrome, medicine.disease, Stenosis, Vitamin K deficiency, medicine, Gestation, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: A 35-week gestation preterm female baby whose mother was treated with anti-coagulants for maternal heart disease (severe mitral stenosis) - intake of warfarin 6mg once daily throughout pregnancy, was born with dysmorphic features and asphyxia requiring invasive ventilation at birth. Baby was found to have skeletal abnormalities, congenital laryngotracheomalacia and severe calcium vitamin d deficiency and was managed appropriately.
Published: 2021
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32. Clot dynamics and mortality

Author: Brian L. Brewer, Stephanie A. Savage, Timothy H. Pohlman, Ali C. Martin, Ben L. Zarzaur, Louis J. Magnotti, Garrett H. Lim, and Martin A. Croce
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Injury Severity Score, 0302 clinical medicine, Trauma Centers, Predictive Value of Tests, Interquartile range, Blood product, Internal medicine, Coagulopathy, Humans, Medicine, Blood Transfusion, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Thromboelastography, Thrombelastography, Bleeding diathesis, Logistic Models, Cardiology, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Surgery, Packed red blood cells, business
Abstract: Introduction The coagulopathy of trauma, illustrated by a short R-time, is common and well understood. The physiology behind this may be early thrombin burst with rapid clot formation. Rapid consumption of fibrinogen, however, may result in weak clot and substrate depletion, resulting in low MA. While these characteristics are interesting, utilizing thromboelastography (TEG) to identify those at risk of subsequent bleeding diathesis, especially in those who do not demonstrate early signs of physiologic derangement, is challenging. We have developed a novel ratio utilizing TEG values to describe patients at specific risk of traumatic coagulopathy. The purpose of this study was to create a single TEG value, which would reflect both the hypercoagulability and hypocoagulability of TIC. We hypothesized that this ratio, at admission, would be indicative of TIC and predictive of both blood product transfusion volumes and subsequent mortality. Methods Patients admitted via the highest activation criteria at one of two Level I trauma centers were included if they received at least 1 unit of packed red blood cells in the first 24 hours of admission. The admission TEG was collected, and a ratio was calculated by dividing the MA by the R-time (MA-R). MA-R quartiles were developed, and multivariable logistic regression was utilized to determine odds of mortality. Results Three hundred thirty patients with admission TEG were included. In all patients, median age was 35 years (interquartile range, 25-54 years), Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 20 (interquartile range, 13-29), 76% were male, and 43% had penetrating trauma. The MA-R groups were based on quartiles. Multivariable analysis, controlling for mechanism of injury, ISS, and admission pH, showed that increasing ratios were associated with decreased odds of death. The lowest MA-R ratios were also significantly associated with higher ISS, higher rates of blunt injury, and higher plasma utilization without a significant difference in packed red blood cell administration. Conclusions Patients with the lowest MA-R ratios demonstrated the highest mortality rates. This novel ratio may prove highly useful to predict at-risk patients early, when other physiologic indicators are absent. The mechanism driving this finding may rest in fibrinogen depletion, resulting in weak clot. Patients with low MA-R ratios may benefit from earlier resuscitation with cryoprecipitate, rather than the traditional use of plasma found in current massive transfusion protocols. Levels of evidence Prognostic study, Level I.
Published: 2017
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33. 3D Fiber Orientation in Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques

Author: Aad van der Lugt, Chen-Ket Chai, Ali C. Akyildiz, Frank J. H. Gijsen, Gustav J. Strijkers, Frank P. T. Baaijens, Cees W. J. Oomens, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cardiology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, and Soft Tissue Biomech. & Tissue Eng.
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Protein Structure, Collagen architecture, Carotid artery, Atherosclerosis, 3D fiber direction, Pathological vessel, Materials science, Fibrillar collagen, Fibrillar Collagens, Fiber orientation, 0206 medical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Imaging, Quaternary, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Structural Biology, Fibrillar Collagens/chemistry, 80 and over, Humans, Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging, Fiber, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging, Aged, Plaque, Aged, 80 and over, Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging, Structural organization, business.industry, Significant difference, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging, Plaque rupture, Middle Aged, Atherosclerosis, 020601 biomedical engineering, Radial direction, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Carotid Arteries, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Three-Dimensional, business, Biomedical engineering, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the primary trigger of fatal cardiovascular events. Fibrillar collagen in atherosclerotic plaques and their directionality are anticipated to play a crucial role in plaque rupture. This study aimed assessing 3D fiber orientations and architecture in atherosclerotic plaques for the first time. Seven carotid plaques were imaged ex-vivo with a state-of-the-art Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) technique, using a high magnetic field (9.4 Tesla) MRI scanner. A 3D spin-echo sequence with uni-polar diffusion sensitizing pulsed field gradients was utilized for DTI and fiber directions were assessed from diffusion tensor measurements. The distribution of the 3D fiber orientations in atherosclerotic plaques were quantified and the principal fiber orientations (circumferential, longitudinal or radial) were determined. Overall, 52% of the fiber orientations in the carotid plaque specimens were closest to the circumferential direction, 34% to the longitudinal direction, and 14% to the radial direction. Statistically no significant difference was measured in the amount of the fiber orientations between the concentric and eccentric plaque sites. However, concentric plaque sites showed a distinct structural organization, where the principally longitudinally oriented fibers were closer to the luminal side and the principally circumferentially oriented fibers were located more abluminally. The acquired unique information on 3D plaque fiber direction will help understanding pathobiological mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque progression and pave the road to more realistic biomechanical plaque modeling for rupture assessment.
Published: 2017
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34. [Untitled]

Author: Brian L. Brewer, Timothy H. Pohlman, Louis J. Magnotti, Garrett H. Lim, Ben L. Zarzaur, Martin A. Croce, Stephanie A. Savage, and Ali C. Martin
Subjects: Resuscitation, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Clot formation, Massive transfusion, Thromboelastography, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesia, Cohort, Coagulopathy, medicine, Level iii, Packed red blood cells, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND Early assessment of clot function identifies coagulopathies after injury. Abnormalities include a hypercoagulable state from excess thrombin generation, as well as an acquired coagulopathy. Efforts to address coagulopathy have resulted in earlier, aggressive use of plasma emphasizing 1:1 resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to describe coagulopathies in varying hemorrhagic profiles from a cohort of injured patients. METHODS All injured patients who received at least one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBC) in the first 24 hours of admission from September 2013 to May 2015 were eligible for inclusion. Group-Based Trajectory Modeling, using volume of transfusion over time, was used to identify specific hemorrhagic phenotypes. The thromboelastography profile of each subgroup was characterized and group features were compared. RESULTS Four hemorrhagic profiles were identified among 330 patients-minimal (MIN, group 1); patients with large PRBC requirements later in the hospital course (LH, group 2); massive PRBC usage (MH, group 3), and PRBC transfusion limited to shortly after injury (EH, group 4). All groups had an R-time shorter than the normal range (3.2-3.5, p = NS). Patients in group 3 had longer K-times (1.8 vs. 1.2-1.3, p < 0.05), significantly flatter α-angles (66.7 vs. 70.4-72.8, p < 0.05), and significantly weaker clot strength (MA 54.6 vs. 62.3-63.6, p < 0.05). Group 3 had greater physiologic derangements at admission and worse overall outcomes. CONCLUSION Hemorrhagic profiles suggest a rapid onset of clot formation in all subgroups but significantly suppressed thrombin burst and diminished clot strength in the most injured. Patients are both hypercoagulable, with early and precipitous clot formation, and also have a demonstrable hypocoagulability. The exact cause of traumatic hypocoagulability is likely multifactorial. Goal-directed resuscitation, as early as institution of the massive transfusion protocol, may be more effective in resuscitating the most coagulopathic patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level III.
Published: 2017
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35. Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework Extension to Sliding Window Codes

Author: Ali C. Begen and Vincent Roca
Subjects: Multicast, business.industry, Network packet, Computer science, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, Robustness (computer science), Packet loss, Sliding window protocol, The Internet, Forward error correction, Latency (engineering), business, Computer network
Abstract: RFC 6363 describes a framework for using Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes to provide protection against packet loss. The framework supports applying FEC to arbitrary packet flows over unreliable transport and is primarily intended for real-time, or streaming, media. However, FECFRAME as per RFC 6363 is restricted to block FEC codes. This document updates RFC 6363 to support FEC Codes based on a sliding encoding window, in addition to Block FEC Codes, in a backward-compatible way. During multicast/broadcast real-time content delivery, the use of sliding window codes significantly improves robustness in harsh environments, with less repair traffic and lower FEC-related added latency.
Published: 2020
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36. Modeling and Power Optimization of Floating Offshore Wind Farms with Yaw and Induction-based Turbine Repositioning

Author: Ryozo Nagamune and Ali C. Kheirabadi
Subjects: Wind power, Nacelle, business.industry, 020209 energy, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Wake, Turbine, Power (physics), Power optimization, Offshore wind power, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, business, Marine engineering, Sequential quadratic programming
Abstract: This paper contributes to the growing research surrounding the topic of wind farm control. Specifically, we investigate the potential of floating offshore wind turbine repositioning with the objective of maximizing the power output of a floating offshore wind farm. This investigation requires the development of a pseudo-dynamic floating offshore wind farm model that combines a modified version of the steady FLORIS wake model with a two-dimensional dynamic wind turbine model. For steady wind conditions and various mooring line lengths, optimization studies are performed using the MATLAB optimization toolbox based on the sequential quadratic programming method. The optimization goal is to determine the set of optimal axial induction factors and nacelle yaw angles of wind turbines that will maximize power production from the entire farm. For a floating offshore wind farm with a gridded $3\times 6$ layout, a maximum relative gain of 53.5% in the wind farm efficiency is achieved. This result corresponds to a mooring line length of 925 m, which yields maximum platform surge and sway displacements of 85.8 and 69.9 m, respectively.
Published: 2019
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37. Artery Buckling and Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture under High Lumen Pressure

Author: Seyed Saeid Khalafvand and Ali C. Akyildiz
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.anatomical_structure, Buckling, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Lumen (anatomy), Plaque rupture, business, Artery
Published: 2019
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38. How coronal alignment affects distal femoral anatomy: an MRI-based comparison of varus and valgus knees

Author: Daniel A Cohen, Ali C. Gursel, and Adrian K. Low
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Knee Joint, Femoral component rotation, Lateral femoral condyle, Condyle, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Orthopedic surgery, Genu Varum, Valgus knee, medicine, Deformity, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Femur, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Aged, Valgus deformity, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Orthodontics, 030222 orthopedics, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Magnetic resonance imaging, Bone Malalignment, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Genu Valgum, lcsh:RD701-811, Femoral anatomy, Valgus, Coronal plane, Orthopedic surgery, Epicondylar axis, Posterior condylar axis, Female, Surgery, lcsh:RC925-935, medicine.symptom, business, Research Article
Abstract: Purpose In contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), most often, the goal is to align the femoral component to the epicondylar axis (EA). The posterior condylar axis (PCA) is easier to define than the EA, and thus the relationship of PCA to the EA is then used instead to align the femoral component to the EA. However, the relationship of PCA to EA is not constant and has been reported to differ between varus and valgus knees and with increasing deformity. The aim of this large MRI-based study was to evaluate the relationship between PCA and EA with varying coronal deformity especially with increasing valgus deformity. Methods EA, PCA, AP (Whiteside’s line) and the mechanical axis were obtained from 474 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans used to create patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) for the Biomet Signature (Warsaw, NJ) system. Results The relationship of EA relative to the PCA showed considerable heterogeneity in both varus and valgus groups. In the valgus group, there was statistically greater external rotation (P < 0.05) of the EA from the PCA with a mean of 2.52° (range − 1.9° to 6°) compared to the varus group with a mean of 2.03° (range − 3.9° to 6.9°). This relationship did not significantly change with increasing severity of coronal malalignment. Externally rotating the femoral cutting guide by 3° from the PCA, 11% (42 of 382) of varus knees would lie outside of ± 3° from EA. In valgus knees, externally rotating the femoral cutting block by 3° or 5° from the PCA, 6.5% (6 of 92) and 33.7% (31 of 92) of knees, respectively, would lie outside of ± 3° from EA. Conclusion The relationship of PCA to EA is heterogeneous and is not altered significantly with increasing valgus coronal deformity. External rotation beyond 3° from PCA in valgus knees may lead to significant femoral component malrotation in a large proportion cases.
Published: 2019
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39. Spending 'Quality'' Time with the Web Video

Author: Ali C. Begen, Özyeğin University, and Beğen, Ali Cengiz
Subjects: Market research, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, law.invention, Revenue loss, World Wide Web, law, Quality time, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Quality (business), Natural variability, Dimension (data warehouse), Media streaming, media_common, Internet, Multimedia, business.industry, Internet television, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Internet TV, Video recording, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, The Internet, business, computer
Abstract: For consumers, watching video over the Web is the most popular way to access free and premium content on connected devices. The underlying technology -- HTTP adaptive streaming -- is straightforward; however, due to quality fluctuations, it doesn't always result in a pleasant viewer experience. This can lead to dissatisfied consumers, which then leads to revenue loss in both managed and unmanaged video services for providers. As a solution, the author discusses how the impact of quality fluctuations can be reduced if video content's natural variability is taken into consideration. Here, he outlines a number of requirements and summarizes the solution's steps. While this approach brings a new dimension to the current HTTP adaptive streaming paradigm, it also introduces a number of challenges that must be addressed for a production-grade solution. The author also details these challenges and establishes a roadmap for solutions.
Published: 2016
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40. Cooling of server electronics: A design review of existing technology

Author: Ali C. Kheirabadi and Dominic Groulx
Subjects: Air cooling, Chiller, Computer cooling, Passive cooling, business.industry, 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Waste heat recovery unit, Active cooling, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Water cooling, Environmental science, Internal combustion engine cooling, 0210 nano-technology, Process engineering, business
Abstract: This review quantitatively examines and compares the heat transfer characteristics of several cooling technologies with potential application in the server electronics industry. Strategies that have been examined include traditional air cooling, single and two-phase indirect liquid cooling, heat pipes, pool boiling, spray cooling, and jet impingement. The characteristics that have been examined include heat flux values, coolant temperatures, and coolant flowrates; which serve as indicators of the heat transfer limitations and power requirements of each cooling solution. A direct comparison against anticipated server heat loads has shown that some form of liquid cooling is necessary in high performance computing applications; where individual processor heat loads are expected to reach 300 W by the year 2020. While in the case of general purpose computing, where individual processor heat loads are expected to reach 190 W, air cooling remains a viable option; although other factors such as operating costs, chip reliability, and waste heat recovery may still encourage the use of liquid cooling.
Published: 2016
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41. The effects of plaque morphology and material properties on peak cap stress in human coronary arteries

Author: Frank J. H. Gijsen, Jolanda J. Wentzel, A.F.W. van der Steen, E.H. van Brummelen, Lambert Speelman, Ali C. Akyildiz, A. van der Lugt, Renu Virmani, Harm A. Nieuwstadt, Energy Technology, Cardiology, and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
Subjects: plaque properties, Materials science, Necrotic core, Finite Element Analysis, 0206 medical engineering, finite element models, Myocardial Infarction, Biomedical Engineering, Lumen (anatomy), Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, plaque morphology, Stress (mechanics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Residual stress, medicine, Humans, Plaque morphology, business.industry, Models, Cardiovascular, General Medicine, Structural engineering, Coronary Vessels, 020601 biomedical engineering, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Coronary arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Stress, Mechanical, atherosclerosis, cap stress, Tunica Intima, business, Material properties, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Heart attacks are often caused by rupture of caps of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries. Cap rupture occurs when cap stress exceeds cap strength. We investigated the effects of plaque morphology and material properties on cap stress. Histological data from 77 coronary lesions were obtained and segmented. In these patient-specific cross sections, peak cap stresses were computed by using finite element analyses. The finite element analyses were 2D, assumed isotropic material behavior, and ignored residual stresses. To represent the wide spread in material properties, we applied soft and stiff material models for the intima. Measures of geometric plaque features for all lesions were determined and their relations to peak cap stress were examined using regression analyses. Patient-specific geometrical plaque features greatly influence peak cap stresses. Especially, local irregularities in lumen and necrotic core shape as well as a thin intima layer near the shoulder of the plaque induce local stress maxima. For stiff models, cap stress increased with decreasing cap thickness and increasing lumen radius (R = 0.79). For soft models, this relationship changed: increasing lumen radius and increasing lumen curvature were associated with increased cap stress (R = 0.66). The results of this study imply that not only accurate assessment of plaque geometry, but also of intima properties is essential for cap stress analyses in atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries.
Published: 2016

42. CEO Time Focus and Corporate Investments

Author: Ali C. Akyol and Atefeh Maghzi
Subjects: Focus (computing), business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Personality, Accounting, General Medicine, Investment (macroeconomics), business, media_common
Abstract: The literature in strategy has given less attention to chief executive officers’ (CEO) temporal focus as a personality characteristic and its impact on investment activities and financing. We argue...
Published: 2020
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43. Game of protocols: Is QUIC ready for prime time streaming?

Author: Ali C. Begen, Ertan Yıldız, and Sevket Arisu
Subjects: business.product_category, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, computer.internet_protocol, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, QUIC, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Computer Science Applications, Prime time, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Internet access, User Datagram Protocol, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Protocol (object-oriented programming), computer, Computer network
Abstract: Summary Quick User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Connections (QUIC) is an experimental and low‐latency transport protocol proposed by Google, which is still being improved and specified in the I...
Published: 2019
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44. How Does the Market React When Shareholders Lose Power?

Author: Ali C. Akyol
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, Shareholder, business.industry, Interim, Corporate governance, Value (economics), Accounting, Business, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract: I examine a decision made by a corporate vote tabulating firm that removed the ability of proposal sponsors to obtain interim vote tally data in exempt solicitation campaigns. The decision by the firm reduced the probability of the implementation of shareholder proposals and I use it to infer whether the market views that shareholder proposals create value. I find that the market’s reaction to the decision was, overall, positive and its reaction increased depending on the type of proposal and its sponsor. The results suggest that some shareholder proposals are not viewed as value creating by the market and indicate that it is important to understand how shareholders get involved in corporate affairs to correctly gauge the benefits and costs of shareholder proposals.
Published: 2019
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45. Development and optimization of a hypersonic civil aircraft propulsion plant with regenerator system

Author: Pedro M. Goncalves, Ali C. Ispir, and Bayindir H. Saracoglu
Subjects: Hypersonic speed, 021103 operations research, business.industry, Computer science, 020209 energy, Regenerative heat exchanger, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Propulsion, Aerospace engineering, business
Published: 2019
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46. Pediatric functional hemispherectomy: operative techniques and complication avoidance

Author: Jason S. Hauptman, Ali C. Ravanpay, John R. Williams, Jeffrey G. Ojemann, Christopher C. Young, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Margaret McGrath, and Abdullah H. Feroze
Subjects: Male, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, medicine.medical_specialty, Internal capsule, Hemispherectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Corpus callosum, Pediatrics, Corpus Callosum, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seizures, Humans, Medicine, Epilepsy surgery, Cerebral Cortex, Epilepsy, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Hydrocephalus, Treatment Outcome, Female, Neurology (clinical), Disconnection, business, Complication, Insula, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy is a disconnection procedure for severe medically refractory epilepsy where the seizure foci diffusely localize to one hemisphere. It is an improvement on anatomical hemispherectomy and was first performed by Rasmussen in 1974. Less invasive surgical approaches and refinements have been made to improve seizure freedom and minimize surgical morbidity and complications. Key anatomical structures that are disconnected include the 1) internal capsule and corona radiata, 2) mesial temporal structures, 3) insula, 4) corpus callosum, 5) parietooccipital connection, and 6) frontobasal connection. A stepwise approach is indicated to ensure adequate disconnection and prevent seizure persistence or recurrence. In young pediatric patients, careful patient selection and modern surgical techniques have resulted in > 80% seizure freedom and very good functional outcome. In this report, the authors summarize the history of hemispherectomy and its development and present a graphical guide for this anatomically challenging procedure. The use of the osteoplastic flap to improve outcome and the management of hydrocephalus are discussed.
Published: 2020
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47. Biomass – Flare gas synergistic co-processing in the presence of carbon dioxide for the controlled production of syngas (H2:CO ~ 2 – 2.5)

Author: Amoolya Lalsare, Roman J. Vukmanovich, Jianli Hu, Ryan Egan, Ali C. Sivri, and Cosmin E. Dumitrescu
Subjects: Carbon dioxide reforming, business.industry, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Steam reforming, Ammonia production, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, Natural gas, Carbon dioxide, Environmental Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, Syngas
Abstract: Novel in-situ bi-reforming approach to produce hydrogen rich syngas using biomass and flare gas with carbon dioxide utilization has been developed by West Virginia University researchers which could potentially mitigate CO2 emissions and flaring. 1% CO2, 5% CH4, 94% N2 were used in the gas feed at 750 °C, 850 °C, and 900 °C over biomass mixed with FeMo-ZSM-5 or FeMo-CNF catalysts. Deoxygenation of oxygen rich biomass components in the form of C-OH, C = O, and COOH moieties to steam adsorbates which subsequently undergo steam methane reforming (SMR) and dry reforming with CH4 and CO2 respectively. With addition of 5 to 15 mol.% CH4, H2:CO ratio in syngas ranged from 3.8 to 7.5 at reaction temperatures of 850 °C and 950 °C. Small concentration of CO2 addition with CH4 allowed for controlled syngas production with H2:CO ratio of 2 to 2.5 on FeMo-ZSM-5 and FeMo-CNF catalysts. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) support generated in-house from the biomass feedstock impregnated with Fe and Mo was observed to form metal carbides (Fe3C, β-Mo2C) from XRD measurements. Although similar syngas composition and H2:CO ratio (~2) was observed on FeMo-ZSM-5 and FeMo-CNF catalysts at 850 °C and 900 °C, FeMo-CNF catalyst assisted reaction produced 1.5 to 2 times higher gas yield / syngas moles. Liquid tar formation and coke deposition on the FeMo-CNF catalyst was lower than that on the FeMo-ZSM-5. CNF structure and presence of metal carbides was the reason behind better performance of FeMo-CNF over FeMo-ZSM-5. Catalytic CO2 promoted on-site co-processing of natural gas and biomass in stranded shale gas regions could reduce flaring, promote utilization of renewables, and generate hydrogen rich syngas as an energy carrier or precursor to ammonia synthesis and other value added chemicals.
Published: 2020
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48. Colocalization of Intracoronary Lipid-Rich Plaques and Calcifications

Author: Anton F. W. van der Steen, Joost Daemen, Ayla Hoogendoorn, Anne-Sophie Schuurman, Eline M.J. Hartman, Ali C. Akyildiz, Eric Boersma, Jolanda J. Wentzel, and Cardiology
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Colocalization, chemistry.chemical_element, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Calcium, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, chemistry, Lipid content, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Atherosclerotic plaques consist of various components, including lipids and calcium. Although high lipid content has been associated with increased plaque vulnerability ([1][1]), calcifications, depending on their size, have been related to both plaque stabilization and vulnerability ([2][2]). Both
Published: 2020
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49. Implementation of SAND Architecture Using SDN

Author: Ali C. Begen, Muge Sayit, and Reza Shokri Kalan
Subjects: Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, Flexibility (engineering), Computer science, business.industry, Dash, The Internet, Routing (electronic design automation), Architecture, business, Computer network
Abstract: The server and network-assisted DASH (SAND) concept aims to increase the performance of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) systems. As being one of the future Internet technologies, SDN provides advantages to support Internet applications thanks to its flexibility and design essentials allowing application-specific routing alternatives and providing network information. In this study, we propose an SDN-based architecture and a SAND-aware DASH client that improves viewer experience. The simulation results show that this architecture can help improve the performance of DASH clients as well as provide fair sharing of the network resources among the clients. The results also show that the proposed architecture can adapt to changing network and server conditions with the help of SDN.
Published: 2018
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50. P4634Calcifications as an indicator for an NIRS-based risk profile of coronary atherosclerotic plaques

Author: Joost Daemen, A.F.W. van der Steen, Ayla Hoogendoorn, Ali C. Akyildiz, Jolanda J. Wentzel, and Eline M J Hartman
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Risk profile
Published: 2018
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