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A 58-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of painless blurred vision in the right eye. There was no antecedent history of trauma, flashes and floaters. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Right eye intraocular pressure (IOP) was 9 mm Hg

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although poor decision-making (DM) has been correlated with problematic cannabis use (CU), cross-sectional designs make it difficult to determine whether poor DM represents an antecedent and/or consequence of CU. The current study measured bidirectional associations between CU and DM among adolescents over 2 years and compared these findings to those observed with episodic memory, which is consistently reported as a consequence of CU. We also measured the role of DM as a risk factor for cannabis use disorder (CUD) onset. DESIGN: Two-year longitudinal study with five bi-annual assessments. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 401 adolescents aged 14–17 years at baseline. SETTING: Miami, Florida, USA. MEASUREMENTS: CU frequency and CUDs were assessed at each time-point through the Drug Use History Questionnaire and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV respectively. Neurocognition was assessed at odd time-points throughout the Iowa Gambling Task, Game of Dice Task and Cups Task [decision-making (DM)] and the Wechsler Memory Scale IV and California Verbal Learning Test II (episodic memory). We used latent growth curve modeling to examine bidirectional influences between CU and neurocognition over time. We applied discrete time survival analyses to determine whether baseline DM predicted CUD onset. FINDINGS: Greater lifetime CU frequency was associated with poorer episodic memory at baseline (bs = −14.84, −16.44, Ps = 0.038, 0.021). Greater CU escalation predicted lesser gains in immediate episodic memory (b = −0.05, P = 0.020). Baseline DM did not predict CU escalation (b = 0.07, P = 0.421), nor did escalation in CU predict changes in DM (b = 0.02, P = 0.352). Baseline DM also did not predict CUD onset (adjusted OR = 1.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.98–1.06). CONCLUSIONS: This study replicates findings that poorer episodic memory in adolescents appears to be a consequence of cannabis use, even among adolescents at earlier stages of use. Poor decision-making does not appear to be either a consequence of or a risk factor for escalating cannabis use or onset of cannabis use disorder among adolescents.

Daily report card (DRC) intervention provides a structured method for increasing communication between teachers and parents regarding student behavior; however, limited research has investigated the effectiveness and acceptability of DRC intervention with preschool students. Additionally, effectiveness of DRC intervention is enhanced when parents provide consistent reinforcement for students’ goal attainment. The purposes of the study were to (a) extend DRC intervention to examine effectiveness and acceptability with preschool students and (b) evaluate the impact of proactive antecedent e-mail prompts on home intervention integrity (i.e., parents’ provision of contingent reinforcement). DRC intervention was implemented in a multiple-baseline-across-subjects design for 3 preschool students to evaluate impacts of (a) the intervention on classroom engagement and disruptive behavior measured via systematic direct observation and (b) proactive antecedent e-mail prompts on parents’ home intervention integrity. Although DRC intervention resulted in negligible level changes in student engagement and disruptive behavior, variability of disruptive behavior reduced following intervention. Antecedent e-mail prompts did not improve home intervention integrity due to high baseline levels (i.e., ceiling effects). Finally, parents and teachers found DRC intervention to be feasible and appropriate for preschool. Limitations of the study and implications for expanding DRC intervention to preschool are discussed.

Invasive osteoarticular infections (IOI) due to Scedosporium spp. are rare in the immune competent patient, but have been associated with direct inoculation from antecedent trauma. Here we describe a case of IOI due to Scedosporium dehoogii in a previously healthy man. The clinical presentation and the diagnosis and treatment is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of IOI caused by S. dehoogii.

Online Social Networks (OSNs) have redefined interpersonal relationships and added a new dimension to communication patterns. According to latest reports, there has been a steep rise in the number of active social media users around the globe. The present paper is a review of research evidence on the antecedent factors leading to such usage and its consequences thereof. Unique features of the virtual environment trigger certain personality traits which are reported to be major predictors of social networking behaviour. Studies on the impact of social media on consumers have unearthed both positive and negative consequences. Research findings, for example, reveal that social media consumption has a therapeutic effect in terms of fulfilment of certain needs and an increase in self-esteem;whereas activation of a narcissistic state and lowered self-control have an adverse effect on psychological well-being and behaviour. The paper summarizes the workplace implications of web-based social networking and also briefly discusses the recent and emerging trends in digital behaviours with particular reference to the Covid-19 pandemic. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

BACKGROUND: Pain is a primary reason for medical cannabis use among young adults, however little is known about the patterns of pain in this group. This study identified pain profiles among young adult cannabis users and examined related antecedents and distal outcomes. METHODS: Past 30-day cannabis users aged 18–26, both medical cannabis patients and non-patients, were enrolled in Los Angeles in 2014–2015. A latent class analysis was used to identify pain classes based on history of chronic pain conditions and recent non-minor pain. The study assessed the predictors of membership in pain classes and examined the association of classes with recent mental health characteristics, cannabis use motives and practices. RESULTS: Three classes were identified: Low pain (56.3%), Multiple pain (27.3%), and Nonspecific pain (16.4%). In adjusted models, lifetime insomnia was associated with membership in Multiple pain and Nonspecific pain classes versus the Low pain class. Medical cannabis patients and Hispanics/Latinos were more likely to belong to the Multiple pain class than the other classes. Regarding recent outcomes, the Multiple pain and Nonspecific pain classes were more likely than the Low pain class to use cannabis to relieve physical pain. Additionally, the Multiple pain class had a higher probability of psychological distress, self-reported medical cannabis use, consuming edibles, and using cannabis to sleep compared to one or both other classes. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that young adult cannabis users can be separated into distinct groups with different pain profiles. The Multiple pain profile was associated with medically-oriented cannabis use motives and practices.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of values of materialism on cognitive and affective impulsiveness and responsible financial behavior among young adults. Design/methodology/approach A large-scale study (n = 483) was conducted on a sample of young adults 18 to 25 years of age in Croatia. Findings The research found that materialism has no direct effect on responsible financial behaviour (RFB), however, cognitive impulsiveness fully mediates the relationship of all three there three elements of materialism, centrality, success and happiness and RFB. Affective impulsiveness has no effect on the relationship. Furthermore, only materialism as centrality strongly and positively influences cognitive and affective impulsiveness. Practical implications Presented conclusions could be used by policymakers as guidelines for developing educational plans and curriculum to build financial capability and consumer protection among young adults and could be helpful for brand management activities targeting young people purchase decisions. Originality/value This paper’s ultimate purpose is to uncover the mechanism and the power of materialism on impulsiveness and responsible financial behavior. The paper’s originality is established by the focus on the investigation of materialism as an antecedent factor of impulsiveness and by questioning the nature of the relationship between materialism and responsible financial behavior through the mediating effect of impulsiveness.

As part of a coach’s informal learning process, previous athletic experience is a foundational element of an athlete’s future coaching career, determining the perspectives, beliefs, and behaviors the coach will use in their interactions with athletes. Although it is investigated more generally, previous athletic experience is rarely considered in understanding specific coaching behaviors related to supporting athletes’ needs and motivation. This study investigated 15 novice coaches’ personal athletic and coaching experiences to determine how these experiences influenced their own coaching practice with regard to the engagement in autonomy-supportive and/or controlling behaviors. The interview data revealed that novice coaches used their past experiences to inform their practice in the following three ways: (a) experienced controlling behaviors as an athlete, which transferred to a desire to be more autonomy supportive in coaching; (b) experienced controlling behaviors as an athlete, which transferred to a desire to be more controlling in coaching; and (c) experienced autonomy-supportive behaviors as an athlete, which transferred to a desire to be more autonomy supportive in coaching. These results suggest the importance of considering previous athletic experience as an antecedent to coaches’ engagement in autonomy-supportive behaviors.

Trust is an essential requirement for effective Human-Agent interaction as artificial agents are becoming part of human society in a social context. To blend into our society and maximize their acceptability and reliability, artificial agents need to adapt to the complexity of their surroundings, like humans. This adaptation should come through knowing whom to trust by evaluating the trustworthiness of its human mate. It is therefore required to build cognitive agents with trust models that may allow them to trust humans the same way a human trusts other humans keeping under consideration all factors influencing the human agent trust mechanism. Several antecedents within the cognitive system itself and the surroundings dynamically influence the trust mechanism. Personality, as a trusted antecedent has been found to have a substantial impact in predicting human interactor’s trustworthiness that critically assists trust decision making. Current research, therefore, aims to infuse characteristics of respective humans as the antecedent of the human agent trust process. This is accomplished by incorporating into the trust model the agent’s capability to perceive the personality traits of the human interactor. The current work is focused on introducing a trustworthiness assessment model (TAMFIS) based on fuzzy inference to assess human’s trustworthiness towards artificial agents by exploring the human’s personality traits that predict trustworthiness. The artificial agent could develop its character towards its human collaborators that will help it in effective interactions. The testing of the proposed architecture is carried out using Dempster Shafer Theory of belief and estimation. It is anticipated that the proposed trust model will effectively evaluate the trustworthiness of human collaborators and develop a more reliable human–agent trust relationship.

Tourist value co-creation behaviors play an essential role in the creation of a memorable tourism experience. However, few studies conducted in the field of tourism have explored the antecedent variables that affect tourist value co-creation behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between tour leader likability and tourist value co-creation behaviors and examined the mediating effect of tour leader attachment on this relationship. The research sample comprised 274 tourists who participated in group package tours. The results revealed that tour leader likability positively affected tour leader attachment and tourist participation behaviors, and tour leader attachment positively affected tourist participation and citizenship behaviors. In addition, tour leader attachment mediated the relationship between tour leader likability and tourist value co-creation behaviors. This research contributes to the customer co-creation literature by considering tour leader likability and attachment as antecedent variables and quantifying their influences on tourist value co-creation behaviors. Furthermore, this study considers attachment to be a critical psychological mechanism to explain why tour leader likability influences tourist value co-creation behaviors. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for travel agency managers when they conduct human resource and customer relationship management practices.

PurposeThis paper builds on and extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by examining empirically the underlying mechanism through which red tape is associated with employee change-supportive intention (CSI). It investigates red tape as an antecedent of CSI and examines the mediation role of change-related attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control (PBC) in the relationship between red tape and CSI.Design/methodology/approachTo test the study's hypotheses, cross-sectional data were collected from 183 employees working at a public organization in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq that was going through a major change. Regression analyses and the PROCESS macro for SPSS were used.FindingsConsistent with our expectations, the results indicate that red tape negatively predicts CSI. Red tape also predicts change-related attitude, subjective norm and PBC, which consequently predict CSI. The results also reveal that the relationship between red tape and CSI is mediated by change-related attitude and subjective norm.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited in using cross-sectional data at a point in time and in investigating intention only, rather than actual behavior.Originality/valueWhile prior work shows that red tape is a relevant factor that may affect employee responses to change in public sector, the psychological processes on which this relationship is based are still not fully explained. Therefore, this is the first study that aims to shed some light on this relationship.

Even though VR(Virtual Reality) shopping provides new opportunities for today’s marketers, it is not readily embraced by consumers. In this research, we aim to understand the underlying factors that facilitate the adoption of VR technology, by incorporating the consumer flow theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Specifically, we find that factors that enhance consumer flow (i.e., telepresence, challenge, body ownership, and control) are positively associated with antecedent factors of technology acceptance (i.e. playfulness and usefulness), which are, in turn, associated with greater intentions to adopt and utilize VR technology in a consumer setting. We also investigate the moderating role of technology readiness and time distortion on the relationship between telepresence and playfulness. Data was collected by having participants use VR glasses in an actual VR supermarket that was created for this study. By elucidating factors that help consumer adoption of VR technology and emphasizing unique factors inherent to VR (i.e. telepresence and time distortion), this paper provides important contributions to the literature and implications for marketing managers.

Companies need human resources because with excelent human resources, corporate management will run well. This study objective is to examine the effect of work motivation, work discipline, work environment on job satisfaction and employee performance. The study was conducted at PT XXX with a total of 58 employees. This study uses structural analysis with smart PLS. The results showed that work motivation has an effect on job satisfaction and job satisfaction has an effect on employee performance. But work discipline and work environment do not affect job satisfaction. The results of this study have implications for companies to increase motivation and job satisfaction so that employee performance can be improved.

Mass media influences to achieve ideal body image are widely posited to be an antecedent of low body esteem in females. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between mass media influe...

Purpose: The objective of this study was to test if combining antecedent systolic blood pressure (SBP) with traditional risk factors and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) improves risk stratification for subsequent cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods: 1910 subjects participated in this study. Antecedent SBP was defined as the average of measurements obtained in 1982 and in 1987. Current SBP was obtained in 1993. HMOD were examined in 1993. HMOD was defined as either atherosclerotic plaque(s), increased pulse wave velocity, increased urine albumin creatinine ratio (above the 90th percentile) or left ventricular hypertrophy. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure and arrhythmia were obtained from national registries. Results: Subjects were divided into two age categories: a middle-aged group (aged 41 or 51) and an older group (aged 61 or 71). From 1993 to 2010, 425 events were observed. In multivariable analysis with both current and antecedent SBP adjusted for traditional risk factors, current SBP was associated with each measure of HMOD whilst antecedent SBP was not significantly associated with urine albumin creatinine ratio in the older group, LVMI in the middle-aged group, or the presence of plaque in any of the age groups (all p > 0.15). When current and antecedent SBP were evaluated together, current SBP was not associated with MACE in the middle-aged subgroup [HR = 1.09 (0.96–1.22), p = 0.18] but remained associated with MACE in the older subgroup [HR = 1.21 (1.10–1.34), p < 0.01]. Contrariwise, antecedent SBP was only associated with MACE in the middle-aged subgroup [HR = 1.24 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.02]. Adding antecedent SBP to traditional risk factors did not improve the predictive accuracy of the survival model. Conclusion: In healthy non-medicated middle-aged subjects, antecedent SBP is associated with cardiovascular outcome independently of current BP, traditional risk factors and HMOD. However, improvement in risk stratification seems to be limited.

In the era of knowledge economy, more and more organizations rely on employees’ proactive behavior to promote creativity, innovation and change and gain the competitive advantage of the organization. As for the proactive behavior, a large number of scholars have studied proactive behavior with the conceptual connotation, antecedent variables and action mechanism in different situations. This paper summarizes the main points of previous studies, on this basis, puts forward the way to improve employees’ proactive behavior and proposes some suggestions.

The development of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) has provided users around the globe with a highly realistic virtual world experience. Since its first use, extensive research has been conducted with the attempt to understand how human behaviour in virtual environments compares to the real world. Studies have shown that people exhibit similar behaviours and reactions in a number of scenarios including virtual shopping, thus making it a promising tool for researchers to study in-store shopper behaviour. This paper outlines ideas on how store atmospherics can affect the user experience, stress levels and behaviour in a virtual store environment, developed using the Unreal Game Engine. The presence/absence of avatars can be investigated as an important aspect of store atmospherics and a potential antecedent of perceived presence in a simulated retail environment. These insights will be useful for retailers in that they can guide development and improvement of virtual simulated shopping experiences, using elements of telepresence and social presence, to enhance the consumer shopping experience and their own retail strategy.

In a complex task environment in which team behavior emerges and evolves, team agility is one of the primary determinants of a team’s success. Agility is considered an emergent phenomenon in which lower-level system elements interact to adapt to the dynamic environment. One of the dimensions of team agility is interactive decision-making. In this study, we conceptually model individual team members’ interactive decision-making process for their taskwork; we observe how much the choices of one team member depend on antecedent decisions and the behavior of other team members. This also helps us understand how team members synchronize during the decision-making process in agile teams, especially when team members team up with a machine. To improve the understanding of interactive decision-making, we propose two modeling techniques: (1) quantum cognition for the taskwork decision-making processes and (2) nonlinear dynamical systems modeling for teamwork processes.

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Only a few cases in the literature have ever reported the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in children especially in the case of immunocompetent patients. It is an uncommon situation that may lead to several neurological complications. We report varicella zoster virus (VZV) meningitis in a 14-year-old healthy boy with no antecedent of rash. On his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, VZV DNA was detected. The rapid HIV test was negative. The treatment using acyclovir (20 mg/kg/8h) was effective, and the child’s clinical condition rapidly improved.

Lemierre's syndrome is characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. It typically presents in healthy adolescents or young adults, usually preceded by an oropharyngeal infection, with the most common offending pathogen being Fusobacterium necrophorum. We present a case of Lemierre's syndrome in an elderly woman without antecedent oropharyngeal infection, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. She was successfully treated with combined surgical and medical management. Keywords: Lemierre's syndrome, Streptococcus pyogenes, Septic thrombophlebitis, Internal jugular vein

Objective: The authors examined the efficacy of valproate to reduce relapse to heavy drinking among veterans with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and neuropsychiatric comorbidities and whether antecedent traumatic brain injury (TBI) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affected treatment response. Methods: Participants were male veterans 18–60 years old with an AUD and no other substance use besides nicotine or cannabis. Sixty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive either valproate or naltrexone. Participants were evaluated at baseline and followed weekly for 24 weeks. All participants received standardized psychosocial interventions as well as treatment for coexistent psychiatric conditions. Results: During the follow-up period, nine study subjects in the naltrexone group and 14 in the valproate group relapsed to heavy drinking, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Participants with a history of moderate to severe TBI were more likely to relapse to heavy drinking compared with those with no TBI (hazard ratio=4.834, 95% CI=1.103–21.194, p=0.033). PTSD status did not significantly affect outcome. Conclusions: Intensive outpatient programs are efficacious alternatives to treat AUD in veterans, although the role of pharmacological treatment is not completely elucidated. Glutamatergic agents appear to be less effective than opiate antagonists to prevent relapse to heavy drinking and to increase cumulative abstinence. Future studies should examine novel pharmacological and nonpharmacological options. Fil: Jorge, Ricardo E.. Baylor College of Medicine; Fil: Li, Ruosha. Baylor College of Medicine; Fil: Liu, Xiangyu. Baylor College of Medicine; Fil: McGavin, Jill K.. Baylor College of Medicine; Fil: Shorter, Daryl I.. Baylor College of Medicine; Fil: Acion, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Calculo. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Calculo; Argentina Fil: Arndt, Stephan. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos

Sphingobacterium species rarely cause human infection. We herein report two cases of cellulitis complicated with bacteremia due to this genus. The patients, both in their 70s and receiving corticosteroid therapy for their underlying diseases, had antecedent skin injuries in their affected limbs. The patients' symptoms improved promptly and completely with the administration of cefazolin, which did not inhibit the growth of isolated organisms at a concentration of 4 μg/mL.

The relation between the understanding and belief of the site-specific dangers of climate change and the behaviour that individuals take to mitigate their impacts was assessed to investigate the psychological antecedent to pro-environmental behaviour; a necessity to mitigate anthropogenic climate change at the individual level. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed to measure beliefs and behaviour of university students. Correlation was measured between the belief in one’s ability to affect change and pro-environmental behaviour. The hypothesis that nations facing greater climate threat would behave accordingly was tested on the two largest national representatives of the sample, China and Australia. In addition, a naïve Bayesian network, coupled with a self-organising map, was developed to explore correlations between self-efficacy and participants’ socio-demographic features. Results showed that Chinese students are more likely to have higher self-efficacy, while such trend was not noticed for Australians. Similarly, participants with higher educational qualifications, older, and with higher paid jobs also have a higher chance of presenting pro-environmental behaviour. Despite the study limitations, there seems to be evidence suggesting that educational and climate change policies have affected students’ self-efficacy and individual commitment to mitigation.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test whether self-verification striving serves as an individual difference antecedent of emotional labor and explore whether various emotional labor tactics acted as mediating mechanisms through which self-verification striving relates to employee outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The sample used in this paper consisted of supervisor–subordinate dyads working in six hotels in South Korea and used multi-level analyses and the Monte Carlo method to test the research hypotheses presented in this paper. Findings Self-verification striving was positively and directly related to job performance as well as two out of three forms of emotional labor (i.e. the expression of naturally felt emotions and deep acting). Self-verification striving also indirectly related to job satisfaction through the expression of naturally felt emotions and indirectly related to job performance through deep acting. Practical implications The findings of this paper suggest that organizations should consider self-verification striving as an employment selection criterion and provide training programs to help their customer service employees engage in appropriate types of emotional labor. Originality/value This paper is the first to explore the underlying mechanisms through which self-verification striving relates to employee outcomes. It also empirically bolsters the notion that expressing naturally felt emotions is an important means of authentic self-expression that positively contributes to job satisfaction. Further, the authors found that self-verification striving positively relates to job performance partially through deep acting. Moreover, they have shown that self-verification striving, as an individual differences variable, is an antecedent of different types of emotional labor.

Smartphone use while walking (i.e., being a smartphone zombie) has become a prevalent phenomenon in many cities worldwide. Previous research shows that many pedestrians choose to interact with their phones as they walk around in cities, despite being aware that their behavior might be dangerous. To investigate potential reasons for the prevalence of distracted walking, the current study explores the construct Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as a potential antecedent of pedestrians' smartphone use while walking. Hierarchical OLS and logistic regression analyses show that FoMO predicts distracted walking, the tendency to engage in virtual social interactions while walking, and dangerous traffic incidents—irrespective of participants’ age and gender. Virtual communication might serve as a compensation for real-world company, thus sidelining the need to traverse safely.

Purpose By integrating affective events theory and insights from the displaced aggression literature, the purpose of this paper is to highlight that state hostility can serve as an explanation for how perceived undermining by co-workers leads to antagonistic consequences. Distress tolerance and organizational identification are theorized to moderate the hypothesized relationships that are investigated in this study. Design/methodology/approach PROCESS macro developed by Hayes (2013) was used to test all the hypotheses by using time-lagged, multi-source data collected from 218 Chinese employees associated with the service industry. Findings The paper finds that state hostility seems to trigger unethical behavior on the part of employees resulting in service sabotage. It is concluded that perceptions of undermining are positively linked to employees’ hostility, which in turn drive service sabotage behavior. Furthermore, employee distress tolerance weakens the effects of perceived undermining on employees’ state hostility, while organizational identification alleviates the effect of employees’ hostility on service sabotage behavior. Practical implications This study not only highlights the outcomes of perceived coworker undermining, the mechanism through which it occurs, and the moderating effects of given factors, but also provides insights to the organizations for managing service sector employees so that they can more effectively interact with customers. The findings suggest that employees with high organizational identification are less involved in service sabotage, thus, such measures are necessary to take which help employers to enhance employees’ organizational identification. The authors also suggest managers to clearly communicate the adverse consequences which employees could have to face if they exhibit unethical behavior. Originality/value This study addresses the question: when and how perceived coworker undermining affects customers’ services. To date, most of the existing literature considered customers’ negative event and customers’ mistreatment as an antecedent of employees’ service sabotage. However, this study concluded that these are not the only reasons for employees’ service sabotage, employees’ interpersonal mistreatment which occurred beyond customers’ interaction also causes service sabotage.

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) presents unique challenges as researchers have identified that some SIB may be resistant to treatment. The unit of analysis in this research is often the frequency of behavior with relatively little attention devoted to the analysis of inter-response time relations. We assessed whether changes in the rate of SIB were also associated with changes in the temporal distribution of this behavior in the presence and absence of systematically manipulated environmental variables. This study included three participants diagnosed with profound intellectual disabilities who engaged in SIB maintained by both negative and automatic reinforcement. For two of the participants, we used a multiple baseline design across participants to assess the effects of noncontingent access to preferred activities on both the rate and temporal distribution of SIB. For the third participant, we used a reversal design to assess the effects of a change in daily schedule (i.e., attending or not attending work) on the rate and temporal distribution of SIB. For all three participants, antecedent manipulations decreased the rate of SIB; however, operant contingency values (a measure of temporal distribution) did not change in a corresponding fashion. These data suggest that although antecedent manipulations may decrease the overall rate of the behavior, once SIB is emitted, additional instances are likely to occur close together in time.

As environmental protection has gradually become the focus of enterprises’ development, employee green behavior becomes an important and key antecedent to study this issue, but there have been less studies conducted with knowledge management. As a result, drawing on the theory of planned behavior and the organizational support theory, this study investigates how environmental knowledge practices (environmental knowledge sharing and environmental knowledge application) affect employee green behavior by using a questionnaire survey administered to 266 employees in China to reveal their complex relationship mechanism. The results show that environmental knowledge application and environmental knowledge sharing have a positive effect on employee green behavior, environmental behavioral intention mediates the relationship between environmental knowledge application and employee green behavior, and between environmental knowledge sharing and employee green behavior, green perceived organizational support positively moderates the relationship between environmental behavioral intention and employee green behavior. The findings shed new light on the development of employee green behavior literature and provide practical reference for strategies related to environmental protection for managers.

Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, requiring a series of complex behavior changes that must be sustained for a lifetime (e.g., counting carbohydrates, self-monitoring blood glucose, adjusting insulin). Although complex, all of these tasks involve behavior, making them amenable targets for behavior analysts. In this article, the authors describe interventions that have focused on antecedent, consequent, multicomponent, and alternate procedures for the management of diabetes, highlighting ways in which technology has been used to overcome common barriers to the use of these intensive, evidence-based interventions. Additional variables relevant to poorly managed diabetes (e.g., delay discounting) are also discussed. Future research and practice should focus on harnessing continued advances in information technology while also considering underexplored behavioral technologies for the effective treatment of diabetes, with a focus on identifying sustainable, long-term solutions for maintaining proper diabetes management. Practical implementation of these interventions will depend on having qualified behavior analysts working in integrated primary care settings where the interventions are most likely to be used, which will require interdisciplinary training and collaboration.

PurposeThe study adopts the conservation of resources (COR) theory for providing a better theoretical understanding of punitive supervision as an antecedent of employees’ minor deviant behaviors (namely, employee time theft and knowledge hiding) via creating cognitive mechanisms (employees’ perceived incivility). The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of employees’ RESILIENCY on employees’ ability to buffer the impacts of punitive supervision.Design/methodology/approachData was gathered from 265 frontline hospitality employees in Pakistan. A survey was administered in person to establish trust and rapport with employees and so, collect reliable data.FindingsThe findings confirmed a direct and mediated impact of punitive supervision on employee minor deviant behaviors via creating perceived incivility. The moderating role of employees’ resiliency was also confirmed, as the employees’ resiliency helped them mitigate the impact of punitive supervision on perceived incivility.Research limitations/implicationsData was collected from employees’ perceptions working in one industry and cultural setting. As employees’ perceptions (influenced by their cultural background) significantly affect their interpretations and reactions to punitive behavior, future research should validate and refine the findings by collecting data from a wider and diversified cultural and industry setting.Practical implicationsThe findings provide theoretical explanatory power of the drivers and the contextual factors leading to minor employee deviant behaviors. The findings guide managers on how to develop pro-active and re-active strategies for deterring the occurrence and eliminating the consequences of punitive supervision.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature in multiple ways. It identifies and validates punitive supervision as an antecedent of Deviant Work Behavior (DWB). It provides a theoretical underpinning for explaining how punitive supervision spurs cognitive mechanisms, which in turn drive DWB. It also studies the nexus between destructive supervision and its outcomes in its entirety by studying the mediated and the moderating impacts of punitive supervision and perceived incivility, respectively.

Information and communication technologies combined with in-situ sensors are increasingly being used in the management of urban drainage systems. The large amount of data collected in these systems can be used to train a data-driven soft sensor, which can supplement the physical sensor. Artificial Neural Networks have long been used for time series forecasting given their ability to recognize patterns in the data. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks are equipped with memory gates to help them learn time dependencies in a data series and have been proven to outperform other type of networks in predicting water levels in urban drainage systems. When used for soft sensing, neural networks typically receive antecedent observations as input, as these are good predictors of the current value. However, the antecedent observations may be missing due to transmission errors or deemed anomalous due to errors that are not easily explained. This study quantifies and compares the predictive accuracy of LSTM networks in scenarios of limited or missing antecedent observations. We applied these scenarios to an 11-month observation series from a combined sewer overflow chamber in Copenhagen, Denmark. We observed that i) LSTM predictions generally displayed large variability across training runs, which may be reduced by improving the selection of hyperparameters (non-trainable parameters); ii) when the most recent observations were known, adding information on the past did not improve the prediction accuracy; iii) when gaps were introduced in the antecedent water depth observations, LSTM networks were capable of compensating for the missing information with the other available input features (time of the day and rainfall intensity); iv) LSTM networks trained without antecedent water depth observations yielded larger prediction errors, but still comparable with other scenarios and captured both dry and wet weather behaviors. Therefore, we concluded that LSTM neural network may be trained to act as soft sensors in urban drainage systems even when observations from the physical sensors are missing.

This study aims to analyze the influence of satisfaction, alternatives, and investment on commitment to the environment, as well as the impact of commitment on willingness to sacrifice for the environment. This study involved 202 respondents. The analysis technique used to process data is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS software. The environmentally friendly product used as the object in this study is the Low Cost Green Car (LCGC). The results of this study indicate that 3 hypotheses are supported, namely the effect of satisfaction on commitment to the environment, the effect of investment on commitment to the environment, and the effect of commitment on willingness to sacrifice for the environment. Meanwhile, one hypothesis is not supported, namely the alternative influence on the commitment to the environment.

In this chapter, the benefits of exercise and physical activity for children and adolescents with T1D are discussed. However, there are challenges that T1D presents to youth with T1D involved with intermittent exercise, especially the increased risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia following antecedent exercise in the afternoon. Finally, our study of the efficacy of snacking to prevent hypoglycemia in patients with T1D using a closed-loop insulin delivery system is presented.

Research on the link between investments in ERP systems and organizational performance has often led to mixed results. Besides internal organizational factors, numerous external contextual factors come into play. This study examined the role of firm size, industry, and duration of ERP system's use in moderating the relationships between antecedent variables and ERP-induced benefits, and overall firm performance. Using a sample of200 firms, we found user training and education to be a significant antecedent to ERP-induced task and process efficiency, which was in turn confirmed as a significant predictor of overall firm performance. Furthermore, both industry type and firm size were confirmed as significant moderators to the influence of user training and education on ERP task and process benefits, whereas time elapsed since ERP implementation was not a moderator.

Purpose- Individuals' support for change is a critical success factor to implement change effectively. Therefore, identifying the possible antecedent and mechanism, leading to behavioral support towards change, is necessary. The study aims to unfold this avenue of research empirically by examining the role of both person and context factors in promoting behavioral support for change. Design/Methodology- Data was collected from 292 academic staff of six public sector universities located in Pakistan via cross-sectional mean. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect responses from the desired population. Findings- Results revealed a positive impact of perceived management support on academic staff’s behavioral support for change. Moreover, change-efficacy also provides a statistically significant intervening mechanism to translate the effect of perceived management support on both dimensions of behavioral support to change such as compliance and championing behavior Practical Implications- The research offers useful insights for top university officials to build support for change by providing needed support and resources; make academic staff capable of executing the change-related tasks into viable actions meritoriously.

Reduced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cutaneous vasodilation, secondary to increased oxidative stress, presents in young African American (AA) compared with European American (EA) adults and may be modulated by vitamin D status. We assessed cutaneous microvascular function in 18 young, healthy (21 ± 2 yr; 9 men, 9 women) subjects before (pre, 8 AA, 10 EA) 4 wk of 2,000 IU/day oral vitamin D supplementation and in 13 subjects after (post, 7 AA, 6 EA) 4 wk of 2,000 IU/day oral vitamin D supplementation. Serum vitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] were measured at each visit. Three intradermal microdialysis fibers placed in the ventral forearm were randomized for treatment with 10 μM Tempol, 100 μM apocynin, or lactated Ringer’s solution (control). Local heating (39°C) induced cutaneous vasodilation; red cell flux was measured at each site (laser-Doppler flowmetry), and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = flux/MAP) was expressed as a percentage of maximum (28 mM sodium nitroprusside, +43°C) for each phase of local heating. After stable elevated blood flow was attained, 15 mM N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor) was perfused at all sites to quantify the NO contribution to cutaneous vasodilation (%NO), calculated as the difference between local heating and l-NAME plateaus. Serum [25(OH)D], the magnitude of the local heating response, and %NO were all lower in AAs versus EAs (P < 0.01). Tempol (P = 0.01), but not apocynin (P ≥ 0.19), improved the local heating response and %NO. Four weeks of supplementation improved serum [25(OH)D], the local heating response, and %NO in AAs (P ≤ 0.04) but not in EAs (P ≥ 0.41). Vitamin D supplementation mitigated endothelial dysfunction, an antecedent to overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), in otherwise healthy, young AA adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelial dysfunction, an antecedent to overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), is observed earlier and more frequently in otherwise healthy African Americans (AAs) when compared with other ethnic groups. Vitamin D may modulate endothelial function, and darkened skin pigmentation increases risk of vitamin D deficiency. We show that 4 wk of 2,000 IU/day vitamin D supplementation improves microvascular responses to local heating in AAs. Ensuring adequate vitamin D status may mitigate development of cardiovascular dysfunction in this at-risk population.

Employee learning from failures is key to effective employee functioning and long-term sustainable development. Although failure is an essential part of the learning process, it is less certain of why individuals would learn from failures and the benefits associated with it. Thus, it is significant to explore the cause and the consequence of learning from failures. Drawing upon self-determination theory, we explore the antecedent, consequence, and boundary condition of employee learning from failures. Random full-time employees in China were recruited to participate in the two-wave survey study via an online survey platform. Empirical results of 381 employees indicate that employee intrinsic motivation is positively related to employee learning from failures, which in turn facilitates employee self-development. Moreover, we found that benevolent leadership, a leadership style that is prevalent in the Chinese work context, plays an important moderating role in affecting the saliency of the indirect effect. Specifically, the indirect effect is more salient when benevolent leadership is higher. We test the hypotheses in SPSS using linear regressions and the PROCESS macro. Our study provides important implications for both theory and practice. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

Background: Specific clinical risk factors linked to transient ischemic attack (TIA) could affect functional ambulatory outcome following thrombolytic therapy in patients having ischemic stroke with a prior TIA (TIA-ischemic stroke). This issue was investigated in this study. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 6379 ischemic stroke patients of which 1387 presented with an antecedent TIA prior to onset of stroke. We used logistic regression model to identify demographic and clinical risk factors that are associated with functional ambulatory outcome in patients with TIA-ischemic stroke treated with thrombolytic therapy. Results: In a population of TIA-ischemic stroke who received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, patients with a history of stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 3.229, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.494-6.98, P = .003) were associated with increasing odds of improvement in functional ambulation, while the female gender (OR = 0.462, 95% CI = 0.223-0.956, P = .037) was associated with reducing odds of improvement. In the non-TIA group, dyslipidemia (OR = 1.351, 95% CI = 1.026-1.781, P = .032) and blood glucose (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.0-1.005, P = .041) were associated with the increasing odds of improvement while older patients (OR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.98-0.999, P = .029) with heart failure (OR = 0.513, 95% CI = 0.326-0.808, P = .004) and higher lipid level (OR = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.728-0.955, P = .009) were associated with reducing odds of improvement in ambulation. Conclusion: In a population of TIA-ischemic stroke with thrombolytic therapy and a clearly defined TIA without focal ischemic injury, regardless of associated clinical risk factors, a TIA prior to a stroke is not associated with reducing odds of improved ambulatory outcome, except in female patients with TIA-ischemic stroke.

Background and purpose: The role of lifestyle and dietary habits and antecedent events has not been clearly identified in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Methods: Information was collected about modifiable environmental factors and antecedent infections and vaccinations in patients with CIDP included in an Italian CIDP Database. Only patients who reported not having changed their diet or the lifestyle habits investigated in the study after the appearance of CIDP were included. The partners of patients with CIDP were chosen as controls. Gender-matched analysis was performed with randomly selected controls with a 1:1 ratio of patients and controls. Results: Dietary and lifestyle data of 323 patients and 266 controls were available. A total of 195 cases and 195 sex-matched controls were used in the analysis. Patients eating rice at least three times per week or eating fish at least once per week appeared to be at decreased risk of acquiring CIDP. Data on antecedent events were collected in 411 patients. Antecedent events within 1–42days before CIDP onset were reported by 15.5% of the patients, including infections in 12% and vaccinations in 1.5%. Patients with CIDP and antecedent infections more often had an acute onset of CIDP and cranial nerve involvement than those without these antecedent events. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study seem to indicate that some dietary habits may influence the risk of CIDP and that antecedent infections may have an impact on the onset and clinical presentation of the disease.

Social acceptance can have an important impact on the market penetration of energy technologies and the successful implementation of energy policies. Hence, it is essential to develop quantitative measures of acceptance to be able to manage it. This study adopts a behavioral model to examine the antecedent factors of the social acceptance of shale gas development in Turkey. It utilizes data from a structured questionnaire to estimate a partial least squares model that is based on psychological factors that impact acceptance. This study then explores the influence of the source and content of information on shale gas acceptance. The model results indicate that environmental problem perception and perceived costs do not have a significant effect on the social acceptance of shale gas development. The results have important implications for policymakers as well. The analysis demonstrates that attitudes may be changed through selecting an adequate means of communication between professional actors and society. Effective communication may reduce anxiety about risks associated with shale gas development by allowing individuals to develop a better understanding of the technology. The analysis also suggests that information provision by scientists may prevent the utilization of previous experiences in constructing a knowledge base.

Although the literature on affect (i.e., the extent to which an individual subjectively experiences feelings and emotions) is burgeoning in the field of entrepreneurship, affect has not received sufficient attention with respect to an important antecedent to entrepreneurial success—entrepreneurial orientation. In this paper, we investigate the role of both positive and negative affect in entrepreneurial orientation (i.e., the strategic posture of a firm/individual with respect to innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking) and entrepreneurial success. The results of our analysis, based on two samples (337 Dutch sole proprietors and 254 French small business owners), show that positive affect is positively associated with entrepreneurial orientation, whereas negative affect is negatively associated with entrepreneurial orientation for sole proprietors. With respect to entrepreneurial success, results are mixed. The present study contributes to the understanding of the role of affect in entrepreneurial orientation. It also contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial success, the ultimate objective in the field of entrepreneurship.

Purpose This paper aims to understand how the organizational political climate as a contextual antecedent contributes to individual engagement in political behavior; and the moderating role of organizational commitment and trust in local government organizations. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods integration and an explanatory-sequential mixed methods design were used. Data were collected from 217 managers and employees, and 16 interviews were conducted. Data were collected in sequence, and the quantitative results were explained by the qualitative data. Findings The results suggest that political climate is related to political behavior and that both trust and affective commitment are negatively related to political climate. Trust moderated between political climate and political behavior. However, affective commitment moderated by the political climate and political behavior only for women. The qualitative results suggest that men perceive organizational politics as having more positive outcomes than women. Practical implications Human resource practitioners and managers can use this model to gain insights into their organizational political climate and to implement practices that will foster a climate that is functional and positive and which will cultivate a positive subjective experience in the workplace for their employees. Originality/value The mixed methods design for studying the contextual-organizational antecedent (perception of political climate) for politicking and individual engagement in political behavior may serve to expand the theory of organizational politics.

In both the natural and artificial realms, evolution and reinforcement learning are parallel adaptive processes that work on different scales but with similar feedback mechanisms. This makes combined and coordinated study of these phenomena synergistic. In the natural world, evolution is antecedent to all forms of learning but can, nonetheless, be influenced by them. In artificial intelligence, evolutionary computation and reinforcement learning were initially developed independently and in parallel but numerous studies of their interactions exist. As reinforcement learning gains prominence in machine learning, and as it is integrated into more complex learning systems such as deep neural networks, greater understanding of how it has and could be evolved becomes increasingly relevant. This survey covers major trends in the evolution of reinforcement learning and suggests important directions for future research.

Organizational identification has been identified as an important construct in behavioral research. It has been viewed from different perspectives such as marketing, organizational behavior, human resource management, and psychology. This study is conducted in organizational behavior context among the employees of tourism industry in Sikkim and gave some important contribution which can be useful to researchers and practitioners. With the application of social identity theory, the study investigated the antecedent and consequences of organizational identification. To test the research model, self-reports of 246 respondents are used and for analyzing data explorative factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied. Findings of the study suggested that perceived organizational support emerged as an antecedent of organizational identification, whereas job satisfaction and knowledge sharing behavior emerged as consequences of organizational identification.

Increasing global competition and new technological developments have fostered the need and possibilities to enhance organizational efficiency by increasingly outsource or automate routine tasks. These developments lead to increasingly complex settings. The increasing complexity of organizational processes and shifts in societal values to higher priorities of personal autonomy have led to issues in using classical control mechanisms such as output and behaviour controls, due to the declining measurability of outputs, increasing degree of knowledge required concerning the actual processes, and their limitation of personal autonomy. This paper extends knowledge about control by investigating the role of self-control as an alternative to classical control mechanisms. Particularly, we analyze how a reliance on shared values can be used for purposes of control, along with their motivational consequences. The results of a cross-sectional survey of 346 managers emphasize two methods of fostering intrinsic motivation: (1) employing self-control in the presence of shared values; and (2) combining output and behaviour control in the absence of shared values. This study contributes to the understanding of organizational controls by providing a contemporary concept of control relying on autonomy (i.e. self-control), first empirical evidence of shared values as an important antecedent, and by focusing on organizational controls as systems, thus considering their interactive motivational effects. Consequently, the results reveal that the simultaneous use of both output and behaviour control mechanisms can mitigate their particular disadvantages; while a mere reliance on output controls enhances extrinsic motivation and diminishes intrinsic motivation.

Since the underutilization of technology often prevents organizations from reaping expected benefits from IT investments, an increasing body of literature studies how to elicit value-added, post-adoptive IT use behaviors. Such behaviors include extended and innovative feature use, both of which are exploratory in nature and can lead to improved work performance. Since these exploratory behaviors can be risky, research has directed attention to trust in technology as an antecedent to post-adoptive IT use. In parallel, research has examined how computer self-efficacy relates to post-adoptive IT use. While such research has found that both trust and efficacy can lead to value-added IT use and that they might do so interdependently, scant research has examined the interplay between these antecedents to post-adoptive IT use. Drawing on the Model of Proactive Work Behavior with a focus on its predictions about trust and efficacy, we develop a research model that integrates trust in technology and computer self-efficacy in the post-adoption context. Our model suggests that the two concepts are interdependent such that trust-related impacts on post-adoptive use behaviors unfold via computer-related self-efficacy beliefs. Contemporary tests of mediation on data from more than 350 respondents provided support for our model. Hence, our findings begin to open the black box by which trust-related impacts on post-adoptive behaviors unfold, revealing computer self-efficacy as an important mediating factor. In doing so, this study furthers understanding of how, and why, trust matters in post-adoptive usage, enabling strategic change management by elucidating the “fit” between technological characteristics and post-adoptive usage.

The explosive growth of the internet as the main source of information and knowledge has greatly impacted the manner in which people make use of their memory. As a result, interest in the internet environment, and in particular in the role of transactive memory in a social media environment, has been heightened. Transactive memory is the shared memory system that is formed through interactions between people. Through social media, people have been able to form various human networks, which in turn have made it possible to acquire new information and knowledge. In this sense, the utility of transactive memory has been further increased in a social media environment. This study introduced social interaction, social presence, self-monitoring, and core self-evaluation as the factors impacting the formation of transactive memory capacity. The impacts of transactive memory capability on the tertius iungens orientation and individual job performance were also verified. Data from 225 workers was collected to verify the research model introduced in this study, which was empirically verified using a structural equation model. The study revealed that the four antecedent factors included in the research model significantly impacted individuals’ transactive memory capability and that the transactive memory capability positively influenced the tertius iungens orientation and job performance. Lastly, the results of the study were discussed, and the theoretical and practical implications were introduced.

Social campaigns are an important tool for promoting positive change in social attitudes (in ecology, health prevention, tolerance promotion, etc.). Improving their effectiveness may therefore have a very tangible effect on many aspects of life – both for individuals and for whole societies. Among the most widespread activities that are undertaken within the framework of social campaigns, one can mention advertising through different types of media – television, radio, internet and print. Assessment of this element is done mostly on the basis of questionnaires and focus groups. Research of this type relies on measures that are proximal, such as perceived effectiveness. Although it is assumed that perceived effectiveness is causally antecedent to actual effectiveness, it would be advisable to find the way of assessing actual effectiveness more directly. One of the approaches, that aim to solve this problem is application of the tools of cognitive neuroscience. The use of cognitive neuroscience techniques for pretesting media messages in social campaigns requires properly designed research. In order to do that, the pivotal stage of each experiment design is the choice of media stimuli that will be presented to the participants. Different media and contents will lead to different patterns of responses in viewers, determining a great deal about how a message is processed, including which parts of the message are attended to, and how the message is evaluated and liked. Stimuli presented during the experiment can be static, like pictures or dynamic, like video. However, such stimuli may not be representative of real-life situations. To avoid problems with picture and video stimuli, one can use virtual environments. The aim of the article is to present a concept of virtual reality system that could enable the research of media messages effectiveness in social campaigns.