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This article aims to understand the main mental disorders caused by COVID-19 in the Province of Malanje and to describe the models of psychotherapeutic intervention in patients in the COVID-19 phase. As for the methodology used, an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach was carried out. For data collection, techniques were used such as: observation, interview and as instruments, two questionnaires were used, and the BDI test. About COVID-19, according to the WHO, on January 30, 2020, the disease caused by a new coronavirus was declared as an International Public Health Emergency. Based on the currently available evidence, the COVID-19 virus is transmitted between people by close contact, animal / person and droplets, thus allowing easy contagion and its spread. As for the disorders caused by COVID-19, they were anxiety, stress, depression, panic, suicide, excessive alcohol consumption, domestic violence and sexual disorders, therefore, regarding the psychotherapeutic intervention model, it was based on cognitive behavioral therapy. Regarding socio-demographic data, with regard to age group, participants are aged between 19 and 40 years, of which four are male and four females.

This paper describes the didactic robot Azoresbot v2, a new version of a previous robot Azoresbot already tested in context of robotics open type of events and also at schools. This new version of the robot uses a wifi module providing a way to communicate data received from the sensors as the robot executes its program. It is argued that this feature may be useful to use the robot in competitions extending its use to different learning contents. The robot was built and tested by students in a hands-on introduction to technology and programming in a Computer Science course for first-year students at the University of the Azores. Since the curriculum was a mix of introductory topics related to digital technology, programming, and data science, the robot must include the following features: be a kit to assemble and test, be easy to program, and provide real-time data that can be analyzed using basic data science techniques.Students completed a questionnaire (N = 13) used to evaluate interaction difficulties with the robot and how students see their importance for learning activity. The survey was based on a previously tested heuristic model. It pointed out some issues to consider in future interactions with the robot in classes and competitions.

An integrated view of the information system has been an objective to deal with complexity. However, bibliography proposes many solutions with many synonyms depending on the layer, methodology, framework or tool used, that does not allow a broad view of the system. In this work we chose three basic elements of the information systems and we demonstrate how they are enough to integrate a set of essential UML diagrams. The proposed model firstly defines a set of UML diagrams for each layer of the Enterprise Architecture, and then heuristic rules are detailed in order to ensure vertical and horizontal alignment. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A unified view of the Information System (IS) design is essential for dealing with complexity. However, the literature proposes many denominations, depending on the layer, methodology, framework, or tool. This multitude of approaches does not allow a holistic view of the system. Besides, in Information Systems, the search for good practices in design is still a relevant issue. A subset of essential Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams is chosen to create a broad view of the IS. CRUD matrix is one of the preferred approaches to articulate the sub-systems of applications and data. Axiomatic Design (AD) provides rules for the im provement of the IS design. This work presents a method to create object-oriented elements based on the CRUD matrix aligned with the business strategy. An integrated student-based case study on logistics is provided. In the discussion, a new IS architect role is proposed supported by the CRUD/AD method. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Robotic competitions in the context of the Robocup festival or similar, obey to a certain set of challenges that demands for each robot to have a set of sensors and actuators adapted to different environments. In this paper we present the Azoresbot robot that was developed in the context of a robotic regional competition which intends to foster the learning of robotics and programming in Azorean schools. In the context of this festival, the robot was presented as a kit that teams had to build, to test and, then, to program for different competitions. This robot was created thinking in the modularity and adaptability needed to the different challenges in the competitions.

CISTI'2015 - 10ª Conferência Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, 17 a 20 de junho de 2015, Águeda, Aveiro, Portugal. Learning management systems and social networks on Web have been tools most used by students in higher education institutions as learning support tools outside of the classroom. In this paper, we present the results from a survey conducted at a Portuguese university to 159 students in Computer Science and Psychology about the purposes and reasons for the use of Moodle and Facebook. We conclude, among other conclusions, that they complement each other: while the first is mostly used for formal communication with teachers, the second is mostly used for informal communication with peers.

A growing population world might exceed its food supply in the future. Food availability needs an increasing agricultural productivity and production through technology and innovation. European concerns about innovation policies reflected on the Lisbon Agenda include the European program PROPRURAL+ for the Portuguese Azores Islands. The agricultural innovation in the Azores started with the Green Revolution, which increased agricultural production, using seeds, fertilizers, chemical products and agricultural equipment. But much more innovation is needed for the Azores to became a well-sustained and competitive European region in this economic sector. For example, concerning milk, the region is responsible for more than 30% of the national production. But, since the liberalization in EU imposed by the global markets, a crisis in the sector is installed. Dairy producers are now facing many difficulties in trying to enhance the profitability of their farms, by reducing costs and improving efficiency. A characterization of the Azorean agriculture, emphasizing the milk production sector is presented. The specificities and the potential of the region are discussed and some agricultural innovations with IoT technologies are pointed out.

A paremiologic (study of proverbs) case is presented as part of a wider project based on data collected among the Azorean population. Given the considerable distance between the Azores islands, the authors present the hypothesis that there are significant differences in the proverbs from each island, thus permitting the identification of the native island of the interviewee based on his or her knowledge of proverbs. In this chapter, a feature selection algorithm that combines Rough Sets and the Logical Analysis of Data (LAD) is presented. The algorithm named LAID (Logical Analysis of Inconsistent Data) deals with noisy data, and the authors believe that an important link was established between the two different schools with similar approaches. The algorithm was applied to a real world dataset based on data collected using thousands of interviews of Azoreans, involving an initial set of twenty-two thousand Portuguese proverbs.

BACKGROUND Previously we reported that cultures of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples synthesize different cytokine pattern depending on the alloimmune response towards the kidney graft. However, we failed to find a clear picture for growth factors implicated in early T-cell activation (interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-12), although we observed that interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was associated with absence of acute rejection. We have now studied tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its two soluble receptors, sTNFRI and sTNFRII, IL-1beta and soluble IL-1 receptor II (sIL-1RII), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), all potential modulators of T-cell activation. METHODS Sixty-six cadaver kidney transplants (KTX) were divided into four groups: group 1, day 7 after KTX, stable (n=30); group 2, day 7 after KTX, 8+/-4.5 days before acute rejection (n=12); group 3, first day of acute rejection (n=17); and group 4, day 14 after KTX, stable (n=32). Patients from groups 1 and 4 remained rejection-free for the first 6 months. All rejection episodes were confirmed by core renal biopsy. FNAB samples were cultured according to our published methodology, and culture supernatants were collected at 48 hr and analyzed by ELISA for IL-1beta, sIL-1RII, TNF-alpha, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and LIF. Serum levels for sIL-1RII, sTNFRI, and sTNFRII were also measured. RESULTS FNAB cultures from groups 1 and 4 synthesized significantly lower amounts of sTNFRI and sTNFRII than those from either groups 2 or 3. Both sTNFRI and sTNFRII reached high positive and negative predictive values for acute rejection. IL-1beta and sIL-1RII were synthesized by all groups but without differences. No trace of LIF and TNF-alpha was found. sTNFRII was significantly higher in serum from group 3. CONCLUSIONS Both TNF receptors were positively associated with acute rejection and were good predictors of impending acute rejection. The ratio of sIL-1RII over IL-1 (together with IL-1ra that we previously measured in FNAB cultures) suggests that IL-1 actions may be inhibited with current immunosuppression early after transplantation.

Initially an eleven variable, sixteen assay 215−11 fractional factorial design, was used to determine the key factors in the production of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum, CCT 3496. Subsequently five and three factor central composite designs were executed to determine response surfaces with the aim of optimizing cellular mass and crude violacein production. The 7.5 g l−1 dry cell mass and 0.17 g l−1 crude violacein productions obtained with our initial culture medium were increased to 21 g l−1 and 0.43 g l−1, respectively, for a medium investigated in the three factor design.

Copyright © 2013 Springer Netherlands. This chapter proposes to estimate the technical efficiency in agricultural grazing systemsgrazing systems (dairy, beef and mixed) in Azores, in the year 2002. This research used 184 agricultural farms of FADN – Farm Accountancy Data Network. DEA, a non-parametric methodology, was used to estimate efficiency by means of DEAP software. The results have shown that the average technical efficiency in the dairy grazing system was 63.2% (CRS) and was higher (71.4%) in VRS, and the scale efficiency was about 89.2%. In beef grazing system, the average technical efficiency (CRS) was 69.4%; VRS and the scale efficiency were 82.9 and 84.2%, espectively. In the mixed grazing system, the average technical efficiency (CRS) was 89%, the VRS was higher (99.24%) and the scale efficiency was 89.8%. The mixed system is the most efficient, and about half (46.7%) of the farms were efficient. In the dairy grazing system and in the beef systems, only 9.8 and 11.1% were efficient farms. The efficiency is generally higher in mixed systems than in dairy and beef systems.

Copyright © 2013 Springer Netherlands. The producers always aspire at increasing the efficiency of their production process. However, they do not always succeed in optimising their production. In the last years, the interest on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a powerful tool for measuring efficiency has increased. This is due to the large amount of data sets collected to better understand the phenomena under study and, at the same time, to the need of timely and inexpensive information. The "Productivity Analysis with R" (PAR) framework establishes a user-friendly data envelopment analysis environment with special emphasis on variable selection, aggregation, summarisation and interpretation of the results. The starting point is the following R packages: DEA (Diaz-Martinez and Fernandez-Menendez 2008) and FEAR (Wilson 2008). The DEA package performs some models of data envelopment analysis presented in Cooper et al. (2007). FEAR is a software package for computing nonparametric efficiency estimates and testing hypotheses in frontier models. FEAR implements the bootstrap methods described in Simar and Wilson (2000). PAR is a software framework using a portfolio of models for efficiency estimation and also providing results explanation functionality. PAR framework has been developed to distinguish between efficient and inefficient observations and to explicitly advise the producers about possibilities for production optimisation. PAR framework offers several R functions for a reasonable interpretation of the data analysis results and text presentation of the obtained information. The output of an efficiency study with PAR software is self-explanatory. We are applying PAR framework to estimate the efficiency of the agricultural system in Azores (Mendes et al. 2009). All Azorean farms will be clustered into homogeneous groups according to their efficiency measurements to define clusters of "good" practices and cluster of "less good" practices. This makes PAR appropriate to support public policies in agriculture sector in Azores.

Copyright © 2013 Springer Netherlands. In this concluding chapter the editors make some important remarks on the importance and conclusions of the book as a whole, focusing on its importance, relevance and adequacy to an extended audience of researchers in the efficiency analysis in the agricultural and environment fields.

2009 International Conference on Advances in Social Network Analysis and Data Mining (ASONAM 2009), 20-22 July, Athens, Greece. In a series of interviews, we collected a heterogeneous set of several million relations of positive and negative knowledge that a group of thousands of people has about a set of circa twenty-two thousand Portuguese proverbs. One of the interesting questions was if we could find a minimum base of proverbs as an indicator to decide from which place a person came due to their specific profile of proverbial knowledge. Before trying this challenge, we will analyse, in this article, the probability of achieving such an idea by trying to find out if a homomorphism between the proverbial knowledge and the geographical location of a person could exist. To solve this question, we chose an approach based on the analysis of social networks where the broadcast of oral culture, at least historically, could be interpreted as a trace of direct social contact between some of their users. We found, in the present pilot-project based on small data sets, that there are clusters where the neighbourhood relation inducted by the minimum Hamming distance could be a reflex of the geographical distribution and of some migration flux of the population.

Copyright © 2006 The authors. Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This work is part of a supermarket chain expansion study and is intended to cluster the existent outlets in order to support the evaluation of outlet performance and new outlet site location. To overcome the curse of dimensionality (a large number of attributes for a very small number of existing outlets) experts' knowledge is considered in the clustering process. Three alternative approaches are compared for this end, the experts being required to: (1) a priori: provide values for perceived dissimilarities between pairs of outlets; (2) a posteriori: evaluate results from alternative regression trees; (3) interactively: help to select base variables and evaluate results from alternative dendrograms. The later approach provided the best results according to the marketing experts.

Background: T-cell activation, the key event in the development of acute allograft rejection, depends on co-stimulatory signals delivered by antigen-presenting cells (APC). APC-derived cytokines may provide co-stimulation and modulate alloimmune reaction. We have studied cytokine synthesis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) culture and we found significant differences for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, M-CSF and IL-1ra on comparing acute rejection versus stable kidney transplant patients. We report our findings on FNAB cultures synthesis of IL-7, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18 and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), all potential modulators of anti-graft reaction. Patients and Methods: Kidney transplants (KTX) treated with CsA-AZA-Pred from the beginning, were divided into four groups. Group I: day 7 post-KTX, stable; II: day 7 post-KTX, 6.5 ± 5.5 days before acute rejection; III: first day of acute rejection; IV: day 14 post-KTX, stable. Patients from I and IV remained rejection-free for the first 6 months, at least. All rejection episodes were confirmed by classical core renal biopsy. FNAB samples were cultured according to our published methodology and culture supernatants were collected at 48 h and analysed by ELISA for IL-7, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18 and RANTES. Results: Group III synthesized significantly higher amounts of IL-7, IL-16 and IL-18 than stable patients (groups I and IV). RANTES production did not show significant differences among the four groups. We did not find any trace of IL-15. Conclusions: IL-18 may play the activation role that has been attributed to IL-12 which previously, we did not find to correlate significantly with acute rejection in KTX. IL-16 seems to play an activation role rather than an inhibition of anti-graft reaction. We confirm that RANTES is not significantly associated with acute rejection in KTX.

Background/Aims: Growth of T cell lines from kidney graft biopsy specimens that suppress the antidonor response, either directly or through a soluble factor, both specific and nonspecific to donor, has been reported. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy sample cultures synthesize a large array of cytokines/chemokines with significant differences between stable versus acute rejection transplants. We hypothesize that the products of such cultures may be endowed with antidonor response modulation abilities in kidney transplantation. Methods: From 46 patients, 21 rejection free (group A) and 25 developing 28 acute rejection crises (group B), samples were obtained on days 7 and 30 after transplantation in group A and on day 7 and on acute rejection day in group B. The supernatants obtained after 48 h of culture were studied for IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-4, IL-4 soluble receptor alpha, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, GM-CSF, and PGE2 and for their effects on mixed lymphocyte reactions, donor-recipient and recipient-third-party combinations. At the end, analysis by flow cytometry of donor-recipient cultures complemented the analysis done before cultures. Results: Day 7 supernatants from group A specifically and significantly inhibited the antidonor response; supernatants from group B nonspecifically stimulated the antidonor response. The IL-1 receptor antagonist production was significantly higher by day 7 in group A, and the PGE2 production was significantly higher in group B. Flow cytometry analysis did not disclose significant differences between inhibited versus stimulated antidonor responses. Conclusions: Cultures of aspiration biopsy samples done early after transplantation in rejection-free patients produce soluble suppression-specific antidonor response factor(s), not present in cultures from biopsy specimens taken before and during rejection. This was associated with IL-1 receptor antagonist synthesis.

Background. The new cyclosporin (CsA) formulation, Neoral®, has different pharmacokinetics compared with Sandimmune® (SIM). Larger area under the curve (AUC) values with equivalent trough blood values are reached when Neoral is administered at equivalent doses to SIM. Previously, we showed a great diagnostic reliability when using cytofluorometric analysis from fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples. We investigated possible changes brought about by Neoral on lymphocyte subsets and the repercussions on the activation score cut-off for acute rejection, defined under SIM treatment. Methods. Of 63 patients that received SIM, 40 remained rejection-free and 23 suffered one episode of rejection. Of 52 patients that received Neoral, 38 remained rejection-free. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymphocytes from FNAB taken on days 7 and 14 post-transplantation and on the first day of acute rejection were analysed by flow cytometry. Results. Trough blood CsA levels were not different between SIM and Neoral treatments. Among rejection-free patients, a significant down-regulation of CD3DR and of CD8DR expression on both graft-infiltrating lymphocytes (GIL) and PBL, and significant up-regulation of naive T cells on GIL were observed with Neoral. These changes were followed by a significant down-regulation of the activation score with Neoral. Conversely, within the acute rejection group, the activation score was significantly higher with Neoral than with SIM. The activation score performed equally well in Neoral transplants compared with what we had reported with SIM. Conclusions. Our study indicates that Neoral elicits stronger immunosuppressive effects in stable patients, which eventually should translate into better clinical efficiency. However, when acute rejection supervenes, the treatment breakthrough seems stronger with Neoral. Cytofluorometric studies from FNAB samples showed that diagnostic reliability was maintained at a high level under Neoral therapy.

of cytokine production: Th0 cells (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-c, Methods. Fifty-six adult cadaver kidney transplants lymphotoxin), Th1 (IL-2, IFN-c, lymphotoxin) and were subdivided into 21 stable patients (group A), 22 Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10). Th0 is the common suVering acute rejection (group B), 10 with chronic precursor to both Th1 and Th2 [2,3]. The cytokine rejection (group C ) and three with CMV disease milieu at the time of antigenic stimulation can greatly (group D). Fine-needle aspiration biopsies were cul- influence the development of Th1 and Th2 subsets as tured and their supernatants analysed for IL-2, IL-4, there is no Th0 commitment to either subset [3]. Th1 IL-10 and IFN-c. maturation requires IL-12/IFN-c while Th2 needs IL-4 Results. Group A produced small amounts of both [4]. Several groups have presented data linking a Th1 IL-2 and IL-10 while group B synthetized significantly cytokine pattern to allograft rejection and Th2 cytokine higher IL-2 and significantly lower IL-10 amounts than to transplant tolerance [5‐12]. However, others have group A. Group B produced significantly more IL-2 reported conflicting results [13‐15], which suggests than A on day 7 post-transplantation, several days that the Th1/Th2 paradigm may not be suYcient to before rejection supervened. Group C produced IL-10 fully explain the mechanisms underlying allograft rejecand very low amount of IL-2. Group D produced both tion and tolerance. IL-2 and IL-10. We did not find any IL-4, and IFN-c The measurements of cytokines from renal transwas present in a few samples. For IL-2, sensitivity, plant patients either in peripheral blood or in urine specificity, negative and positive predictive values for have produced variable results, with some pointing to acute rejection were 100, 87.2, 94.7 and 83.3%, their potential use in the diagnosis of renal graft respectively. rejection [16,17], and others failing to reproduce these Conclusions. Cytokine analysis in fine-needle aspira- findings [18,19]. tion biopsy cultures supernatants is a very useful Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a reliable immunological screening method for kidney trans- and safe diagnostic tool for the immunologic monplants. IL-2 synthesis on day 7 post-transplantation itoring of kidney transplants [20‐22]. Previously we reliably predicted the risk of impending acute rejection have shown that FNAB cell cultures have significant during the first weeks. The cytokine pattern suggests diVerent proliferative abilities whether they come from that acute rejection is associated with Th1, stable stable kidney transplant patients or from acute patients with Th0/Th2, and chronic rejection with Th2 rejecting patients [23]. We hypothesized that patterns. these diVerent proliferative responses could reflect discriminant cytokines patterns of production, following our previous report on chemokines synthesis by FNAB cell cultures [24], which could help both

Background. Peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) analysis by flow cytometry has been inconsistently reported as an adjunctive method for diagnosing acute kidney transplant rejection. However, there is good evidence that lymphocytes infiltrating renal grafts differ from those found at the peripheral level. We hypothesized that the study of aspiration biopsy samples in conjunction with PBL by flow cytometry would enable us to diagnose acute rejection crisis reliably. Methods. Lymphocytes from PBL and aspiration biopsies of kidney transplant patients were analyzed. Fifty-one stable patients, rejection-free for the first 6 months, were studied on day 7 and day 30 after transplantation and were compared with 32 patients with 40 acute rejection episodes. Results. Significant differences were observed for several lymphocyte subpopulations on aspiration biopsy samples comparing stable patients with rejection patients. In contrast, PBL analysis was not helpful in differentiating the two groups of patients. By combining the expression of several activation markers inside the graft with CD3DR and CD3CD25 aspiration biopsy to peripheral blood ratios, we obtained very good values for sensitivity and specificity-83.9% and 90.5%, respectively. The positive predictive value for rejection among dysfunctional grafts reached 85.8%. Conclusions. Flow cytometry study of aspiration biopsy samples of kidney transplant patients is a reliable and powerful method to diagnose acute rejection episodes, although it is needed to consider several lymphocyte phenotypes; cytofluorometric analysis of PBL is important because it provides graft-infiltrating cell to peripheral blood lymphocyte ratios. This safe and rapid test may significantly improve the management of kidney transplant patients.

Background Monocytes-macrophages are found within kidney allografts during the first days after surgery, where they perform "housekeeping" tasks, participate in postreperfusion injury, and act as antigen-presenting cells, as well as become involved in the effector phase of acute rejection. They also seem to play a prominent role in chronic rejection. We quantified their presence in fine-needle aspiration biopsies and studied the growth factors that, we hypothesized, would mark the different implications of the presence of monocytes-macrophages. Methods Fine-needle aspiration biopsies were obtained from 56 adult renal transplants and analyzed for CD14+ using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase procedure. Thirty-three patients were studied on the production of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, IL-8, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha by aspiration biopsies cultures using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Results CD14+ cells were present at significantly higher numbers in steroid-resistant acute rejections but also during the first days after surgery, especially if acute tubular necrosis was present. We found a significantly higher production of IL-1ra by rejection-free patients compared with acutely rejecting patients, and this difference was already established on day 7 after surgery (10+/-10.5 days before rejection). Conclusions Monocytes-macrophages are present at higher numbers in aspiration biopsies of kidney transplant patients suffering either acute tubular necrosis or steroid-resistant rejections, but they are present during the first days after transplant in stable patients, too. The production of IL-1ra is significantly up-regulated in stable patients, which suggests that monocytes-macrophages may constitute an early key factor in the down-regulation of the anti-allograft immune response.

Graft-infiltrating cells (GIC) have been studied in heart, lung, and liver transplants and have been shown to have greater proliferative ability when taken from rejecting allografts. Our aim was to study GIC harvested by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in renal transplant recipients.93 adult patients entered the study. The FNABs were done on the 7th, 14th, and 30th day after transplantation in stable cases and whenever a rejection crisis supervened.The proliferation responses of GIC were significantly higher in rejection than in stable cases during the 1st month after transplantation. The sensitivity for rejection was 96.4%, the specificity 91.3%, the negative predictive value 98.7%, and the positive predictive value was 93.3% among dysfunctioning grafts.The study of the proliferative capacity of graft-infiltrating cells in renal transplants is a safe and very useful immunologic monitoring tool, and it could improve the FNAB diagnostic accuracy.

Part I Efficiency Measures and Methods 1 Efficiency Measures in the Agricultural Sector: The Beginning Emiliana Silva, Armando Mendes and Jorge Santos 2 Review of Frontier Models and Efficiency Analysis: A Parametric Approach Ana Sampaio 3 Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis Jorge Santos, Elsa Rosario Negas and Luis Cavique Santos 4 Superefficiency and Multiplier Adjustment in Data Envelopment Analysis Jorge Santos, Luis Cavique Santos, Armando Mendes Part II Farm Efficiency Applications 5 An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in Azores Dairy Farms Emiliana Silva, Amilcar Arzubi and Julio Berbel 6 Animal Grazing System Efficiency Emiliana Silva, Carlos Santos and Armando Mendes 7 Technical Efficiency of the Spanish Dairy Processing Industry: Do Size and Exporting Matter? Magdalena Kapelko and Alfons Oude Lansink 8 Inefficiency in Animal Production - A Parametric Approach Emiliana Silva and Fatima Venancio 9 Azorean Agriculture Efficiency by PAR Armando B Mendes, Veska Noncheva and Emiliana Silva 10 Sustainable Tourism and Agriculture Multifunctionality by PAR: A Variable Selection Approach Armando Mendes, Veska Noncheva and Emiliana Silva 11 The Importance of Subsidies in Azorean Dairy Farms Efficiency Emiliana Silva and Eusebio Marote 12 Multi-Ouput Technical Efficiency in the Olive Oil Industry and its Relation to the Form of Business Organisation Rafaela Dios-Palomares, Jose M. Martinez-Paz and Angel Prieto 13 Efficiency Assessment: Final Remarks Jorge Santos, Emiliana Silva and Armando Mendes Index