1. Bariatric surgery reveals a gut-restricted TGR5 agonist with anti-diabetic effects
- Author
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Hassan Aliakbarian, David A. Harris, Eric G. Sheu, James N. Luo, Snehal N. Chaudhari, Matthew T. Henke, Ashley H. Vernon, Renuka Subramaniam, Ali Tavakkoli, and A. Sloan Devlin
- Subjects
Agonist ,0303 health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sleeve gastrectomy ,Glucose tolerance test ,Bile acid ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Cell Biology ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,G protein-coupled bile acid receptor ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,medicine ,business ,Receptor ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes, is associated with increased levels of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and changes in levels of circulating bile acids. The levels of individual bile acids in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after surgery have, however, remained largely unstudied. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantification, we observed an increase in an endogenous bile acid, cholic acid-7-sulfate (CA7S), in the GI tract of both mice and humans after sleeve gastrectomy. We show that CA7S is a Takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5) agonist that increases Tgr5 expression and induces GLP-1 secretion. Furthermore, CA7S administration increases glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant mice in a TGR5-dependent manner. CA7S remains gut restricted, minimizing off-target effects previously observed for TGR5 agonists absorbed into the circulation. By studying changes in individual metabolites after surgery, the present study has revealed a naturally occurring TGR5 agonist that exerts systemic glucoregulatory effects while remaining confined to the gut.
- Published
- 2020